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171 lines
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<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.102.24380" ID-PMC="PMC6033956" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1314-2003-102-1" ID-Pensoft-UUID="AA226A35FFF8FFBC37621A40C2518C67" ID-PubMed="30002597" ID-Zenodo-Dep="1306325" ModsDocID="1314-2003-102-1" checkinTime="1530324112772" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="DeFilipps, Robert A. & Krupnick, Gary A." docDate="2018" docId="689F7106E254754F6B638178F6C7F436" docLanguage="en" docName="PhytoKeys 102: 1-341" docOrigin="PhytoKeys 102" docPubDate="2018-06-28" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.102.24380" docTitle="Moringa oleifera Lam." docType="treatment" docVersion="8" id="AA226A35FFF8FFBC37621A40C2518C67" lastPageNumber="125" masterDocId="AA226A35FFF8FFBC37621A40C2518C67" masterDocTitle="The medicinal plants of Myanmar" masterLastPageNumber="341" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="125" updateTime="1668138950833" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>The medicinal plants of Myanmar</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>DeFilipps, Robert A.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>Deceased</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Krupnick, Gary A.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1357-4826</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:affiliation>Department of Botany, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, PO Box 37012, MRC- 166, Washington, DC, 20013 - 7012, USA</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier type="email">krupnick@si.edu</mods:nameIdentifier>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:relatedItem type="host">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>PhytoKeys</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part>
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<mods:date>2018</mods:date>
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<mods:detail type="pubDate">
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<mods:number>2018-06-28</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:detail type="volume">
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<mods:number>102</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:extent unit="page">
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<mods:start>1</mods:start>
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<mods:end>341</mods:end>
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</mods:extent>
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</mods:part>
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</mods:relatedItem>
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<mods:location>
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<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.102.24380</mods:url>
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</mods:location>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.102.24380</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1314-2003-102-1</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-UUID">AA226A35FFF8FFBC37621A40C2518C67</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Zenodo-Dep">1306325</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="150769145" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:689F7106E254754F6B638178F6C7F436" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/689F7106E254754F6B638178F6C7F436" lastPageNumber="125" pageId="124" pageNumber="125">
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<subSubSection pageId="124" pageNumber="125" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph pageId="124" pageNumber="125">
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<taxonomicName LSID="689F7106-E254-754F-6B63-8178F6C7F436" authority="Lam." authorityName="Lam." class="Magnoliopsida" family="Moringaceae" genus="Moringa" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Moringa oleifera" order="Brassicales" pageId="124" pageNumber="125" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="oleifera">Moringa oleifera Lam.</taxonomicName>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="124" pageNumber="125" type="names">
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<paragraph pageId="124" pageNumber="125">Names.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="124" pageNumber="125">
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="124" pageNumber="125">Myanmar</emphasis>
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:
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="124" pageNumber="125">dan-da-lun</emphasis>
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,
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="124" pageNumber="125">sort-htmaine</emphasis>
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(Mon).
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="124" pageNumber="125">English</emphasis>
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: Ben nut, drumstick tree, horseradish tree.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="124" pageNumber="125" type="range">
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<paragraph pageId="124" pageNumber="125">Range.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="124" pageNumber="125">India. Widely cultivated and naturalized in the tropics. Found throughout Myanmar. Also, cultivated there as a vegetable.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="124" pageNumber="125" type="uses">
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<paragraph pageId="124" pageNumber="125">Uses.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="124" pageNumber="125">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="124" pageNumber="125">Sap</emphasis>
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: Held in mouth to treat tooth decay.
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="124" pageNumber="125">Bark</emphasis>
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: Slightly sweet and efficacious, stimulates the palate and is good for digestion. Used as an astringent. Freshly obtained liquid applied in the ear to treat earaches and ear infections.
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="124" pageNumber="125">Bark</emphasis>
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and
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="124" pageNumber="125">Leaves</emphasis>
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: Used as a heart stimulant.
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="124" pageNumber="125">Leaf</emphasis>
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: Made into a soup with garlic, galangal (
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<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Alpina" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Alpina galanga" order="Asterales" pageId="124" pageNumber="125" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="galanga">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="124" pageNumber="125">Alpina galanga</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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or
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<taxonomicName lsidName="A. officinarum" pageId="124" pageNumber="125" rank="species" species="officinarum">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="124" pageNumber="125">A. officinarum</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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), and
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="124" pageNumber="125">meik-thalin</emphasis>
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(
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<taxonomicName class="Liliopsida" family="Zingiberaceae" genus="Zingiber" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Zingiber cassumnar" order="Zingiberales" pageId="124" pageNumber="125" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="cassumnar">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="124" pageNumber="125">Zingiber cassumnar</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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) for arrested menstruation. When boiled in water down to a third of the original volume, and taken as a soup, will bring down high blood pressure.
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="124" pageNumber="125">Root</emphasis>
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: Crushed, then 1 tablespoon of the liquid taken to treat laryngitis and sore throat; crushed and mustard seed added in equal amounts, soaked in water, and taken three times a day for indigestion and bloated stomach; boiled in water down to a third and tablespoon taken daily to treat cancer of the stomach.
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="124" pageNumber="125">Root</emphasis>
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: Crushed into powder and combined with
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="124" pageNumber="125">paranawar</emphasis>
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(
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<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Nyctaginaceae" genus="Boerhavia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Boerhavia diffusa" order="Caryophyllales" pageId="124" pageNumber="125" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="diffusa">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="124" pageNumber="125">Boerhavia diffusa</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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) root powder in equal amounts, cooked with coconut milk and honey, and one tablespoon taken in morning and evening as a tonic to give strength and longevity; crushed and used as a poultice for inflammation; and liquid from crushed root taken with milk to treat diabetes.
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="124" pageNumber="125">Flower</emphasis>
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: Used in making medicines to treat edema, dropsy, boils, sores, and gas.
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="124" pageNumber="125">Fruit</emphasis>
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: Cooked and given to children to keep them free of round and thread worms; made into a powder and combined with sugar to treat excessive urination.
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="124" pageNumber="125">Seed</emphasis>
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: Used to cure headaches and for poisoning. Also, made into a powder and applied to the ear to cure earaches and infections. Oil from the seed is used in treating sores, rashes, and itches.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="124" pageNumber="125" type="notes">
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<paragraph pageId="124" pageNumber="125">Notes.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="124" pageNumber="125">
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The medicinal uses of this species in India are described in
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<bibRefCitation author="Jain, SK" journalOrPublisher="Phytotherapy Research" pageId="173" pageNumber="174" refId="B50" refString="Jain, SK, DeFilipps, RA, 1991. Medicinal Plants of India. 2 Vols. Reference Publications, Inc, Algonac." title="Medicinal Plants of India. 2 Vols. Reference Publications, Inc, Algonac." year="1991">Jain and DeFilipps (1991)</bibRefCitation>
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. Indigenous medicinal uses of this species in the Andaman and Nicobar Islands (India) are described by
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<bibRefCitation author="Dagar, JC" journalOrPublisher="Chemical & Pharmaceutical Bulletin" pageId="172" pageNumber="173" refId="B27" refString="Dagar, JC, Singh, NT, 1999. Plant Resources of the Andaman and Nicobar Islands (Enumeration and Utilisation of Vascular Plants). Vol. II. Bishen Singh Mahendra Pal Singh, Dehra Dun, 281-987." title="Plant Resources of the Andaman and Nicobar Islands (Enumeration and Utilisation of Vascular Plants). Vol. II. Bishen Singh Mahendra Pal Singh, Dehra Dun, 281 - 987." year="1999">Dagar and Singh (1999)</bibRefCitation>
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.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="124" pageNumber="125">
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Chemical constituents, pharmacological action, and medicinal use of this species in Indian Ayurveda are discussed in detail by
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<bibRefCitation author="Kapoor, LD" journalOrPublisher="Phytotherapy Research" pageId="173" pageNumber="174" refId="B51" refString="Kapoor, LD, 1990. CRC Handbook of Ayurvedic Medicinal Plants. CRC Press, Boca Raton." title="CRC Handbook of Ayurvedic Medicinal Plants. CRC Press, Boca Raton." year="1990">Kapoor (1990)</bibRefCitation>
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. The medicinal uses of
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<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Moringaceae" genus="Moringa" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Moringa oleifera" order="Brassicales" pageId="124" pageNumber="125" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="oleifera">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="124" pageNumber="125">Moringa oleifera</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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in the Caribbean region, as well as its chemistry, biological activity, toxicity and dosages, are discussed by
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<bibRefCitation author="Germosen-Robineau, L" journalOrPublisher=".. y Tienen Faxones y Fabas Muy Diversos de Los Nuestros ... '' Origin, Evolution and Diversity of Cuban Plant Genetic Resources, Vol. 1. Institut fuer Pflanzengenetik und Kulturpflanzenforschung, Gatersleben" pageId="172" pageNumber="173" refId="B40" refString="Germosen-Robineau, L, 1997. Farmacopea Vegetal Caribena, (1st edn). Ediciones Emile Desormeaux, Fort-de-France." title="Farmacopea Vegetal Caribena, (1 st edn). Ediciones Emile Desormeaux, Fort-de-France." year="1997">
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Germosén-Robineau">Germosen-Robineau</normalizedToken>
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(1997)
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</bibRefCitation>
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. A pharmacognostical profile, including medicinal uses of this plant in Africa, is given in
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<bibRefCitation author="Iwu, MM" journalOrPublisher="African Journal of Traditional, Complementary, and Alternative Medicines" pageId="173" pageNumber="174" refId="B48" refString="Iwu, MM, 1993. Handbook of African Medicinal Plants. CRC Press, Boca Raton, Florida." title="Handbook of African Medicinal Plants. CRC Press, Boca Raton, Florida." year="1993">Iwu (1993)</bibRefCitation>
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. The chemical constituents, pharmacological activities, and traditional medicinal uses of
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<taxonomicName class="Dicotyledoneae" family="Myristicaceae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="M. oleifera" order="Magnoliales" pageId="124" pageNumber="125" phylum="Angiospermae" rank="species" species="oleifera">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="124" pageNumber="125">M. oleifera</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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on a worldwide basis are discussed by
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<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-59259-365-1" author="Ross, IA" journalOrPublisher="Drug Development Research" pageId="174" pageNumber="175" refId="B98" refString="Ross, IA, 1999. Medicinal Plants of the World, Volume 1: Chemical Constituents, Traditional and Modern Uses. Humana Press, Totowa. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-59259-365-1" title="Medicinal Plants of the World, Volume 1: Chemical Constituents, Traditional and Modern Uses. Humana Press, Totowa." url="https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-59259-365-1" year="1999">Ross (1999)</bibRefCitation>
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. The toxic properties, symptoms, treatment and beneficial uses of this plant, parts of which are poisonous, are discussed by
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<bibRefCitation author="Nellis, DW" journalOrPublisher="Phytomedicine" pageId="174" pageNumber="175" refId="B80" refString="Nellis, DW, 1997. Poisonous Plants and Animals of Florida and the Caribbean. Pineapple Press Inc, Sarasota." title="Poisonous Plants and Animals of Florida and the Caribbean. Pineapple Press Inc, Sarasota." year="1997">Nellis (1997)</bibRefCitation>
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.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="124" pageNumber="125">
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Data on the propagation, seed treatment, and agricultural management of this species are given by
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<bibRefCitation author="Katende, AB" journalOrPublisher="Journal of Natural Products" pageId="173" pageNumber="174" refId="B55" refString="Katende, AB, Birnie, A, Tengnaes, B, 1995. Useful Trees and Shrubs for Uganda: Identification, Propagation and Management for Agricultural and Pastoral Communities. SIDA, Nairobi." title="Useful Trees and Shrubs for Uganda: Identification, Propagation and Management for Agricultural and Pastoral Communities. SIDA, Nairobi." year="1995">Katende et al. (1995)</bibRefCitation>
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and
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<bibRefCitation author="Bekele-Tesemma, A" journalOrPublisher="Journal of Herbs, Spices & Medicinal Plants" pageId="171" pageNumber="172" refId="B9" refString="Bekele-Tesemma, A, 1993. Useful Trees and Shrubs for Ethiopia - Identification, Propagation and Management for Agricultural and Pastoral Communities. SIDA, Nairobi, Kenya." title="Useful Trees and Shrubs for Ethiopia - Identification, Propagation and Management for Agricultural and Pastoral Communities. SIDA, Nairobi, Kenya." year="1993">Bekele-Tesemma (1993)</bibRefCitation>
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. Details of the active chemical compounds, effects, herbal usage, and pharmacological literature of this plant are given in
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<bibRefCitation author="Fleming, T" journalOrPublisher="ARS Pharmaceutica" pageId="172" pageNumber="173" refId="B36" refString="Fleming, T, 2000. PDR for Herbal Medicines (2nd edn). Medical Economics Company, Montvale." title="PDR for Herbal Medicines (2 nd edn). Medical Economics Company, Montvale." year="2000">Fleming (2000)</bibRefCitation>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="124" pageNumber="125" type="references">
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<paragraph pageId="124" pageNumber="125">References.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="124" pageNumber="125">
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<bibRefCitation author="Nordal, A" journalOrPublisher="Taxon" pageId="174" pageNumber="175" refId="B85" refString="Nordal, A, 1963. The Medicinal Plants and Crude Drugs of Burma. Hellstrom & Nordahls Boktrykkeri, Oslo." title="The Medicinal Plants and Crude Drugs of Burma. Hellstrom & Nordahls Boktrykkeri, Oslo." year="1963">Nordal (1963)</bibRefCitation>
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,
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<bibRefCitation author="Agricultural Corporation" journalOrPublisher="Phytotherapy Research" pageId="171" pageNumber="172" refId="B3" refString="Agricultural Corporation, 1980. Burmese Medicinal Plants. Agricultural Corporation, Rangoon. [In Burmese]" title="Burmese Medicinal Plants. Agricultural Corporation, Rangoon. [In Burmese]" year="1980">Agricultural Corporation (1980)</bibRefCitation>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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</treatment>
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</document> |