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<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.713.15118" ID-PMC="PMC5704199" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1313-2970-713-25" ID-Pensoft-UUID="370AD3727044836321045A4EFF83FF8B" ID-PubMed="29187791" ID-Zenodo-Dep="1149978" ID-ZooBank="1552B2A9DC99484592CFE68920C8427E" ModsDocID="1313-2970-713-25" checkinTime="1509722118193" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Kamimura, Yoshitaka &amp; Ferreira, Rodrigo L." docDate="2017" docId="687E216D6E08938654AAD910A3B23761" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 713: 25-52" docOrigin="ZooKeys 713" docPubDate="2017-11-02" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.713.15118" docTitle="Euborellia janeirensis" docType="treatment" docVersion="6" id="370AD3727044836321045A4EFF83FF8B" lastPageNumber="35" masterDocId="370AD3727044836321045A4EFF83FF8B" masterDocTitle="Earwigs from Brazilian caves, with notes on the taxonomic and nomenclatural problems of the Dermaptera (Insecta)" masterLastPageNumber="52" masterPageNumber="25" pageNumber="33" updateTime="1668165092406" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:titleInfo>
<mods:title>Earwigs from Brazilian caves, with notes on the taxonomic and nomenclatural problems of the Dermaptera (Insecta)</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Kamimura, Yoshitaka</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation>Department of Biology, Keio University, 4 - 1 - 1 Hiyoshi, Yokohama 223 - 8521, Japan</mods:affiliation>
<mods:nameIdentifier type="email">kamimura@fbc.keio.ac.jp</mods:nameIdentifier>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Ferreira, Rodrigo L.</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation>Center of Studies in Subterranean Biology, Biology Department, Federal University of Lavras, CEP 37200 - 000 Lavras (MG), Brazil</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title>ZooKeys</mods:title>
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<mods:part>
<mods:date>2017</mods:date>
<mods:detail type="pubDate">
<mods:number>2017-11-02</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:detail type="volume">
<mods:number>713</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:extent unit="page">
<mods:start>25</mods:start>
<mods:end>52</mods:end>
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<mods:location>
<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.713.15118</mods:url>
</mods:location>
<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.713.15118</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1313-2970-713-25</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="ZooBank">1552B2A9DC99484592CFE68920C8427E</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Zenodo-Dep">1149978</mods:identifier>
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<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="137233654" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:687E216D6E08938654AAD910A3B23761" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/687E216D6E08938654AAD910A3B23761" lastPageId="10" lastPageNumber="35" pageId="8" pageNumber="33">
<subSubSection pageId="8" pageNumber="33" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph pageId="8" pageNumber="33">
<taxonomicName LSID="687E216D-6E08-9386-54AA-D910A3B23761" authority="(Dohrn, 1864)" baseAuthorityName="Dohrn" baseAuthorityYear="1864" class="Insecta" family="Anisolabididae" genus="Euborellia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Euborellia janeirensis" order="Dermaptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="33" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="janeirensis">Euborellia janeirensis (Dohrn, 1864)</taxonomicName>
<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 2335" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figures 23 - 35. 23 - 26 Euborellia janeirensis (male): habitus (23), penultimate sternite + manubrium (24), and genitalia (25, 26) 27 - 28 Euborellia janeirensis (female): habitus (27), and spermatheca (28) 29 - 32 Euborellia brasiliensis (male): habitus (29), penultimate sternite + manubrium (30), and genitalia (31, 32) 33 Anisolabididae gen. sp. 1 (female): habitus 34 Anisolabididae gen. sp. 2 (nymph): habitus 35 Anisolabididae gen. sp. 3 (nymph) habitus. Scale bars 3 mm for Figs 23 - 25, 27, 29, 30, 33 - 35; 0.5 mm for Figs 26, 28, 31; 100 μm for Fig. 32." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.713.15118.figures23-35" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/165934" pageId="8" pageNumber="33">Figs 23-28</figureCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="9" pageNumber="34" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph pageId="9" pageNumber="34">
<pageBreakToken pageId="9" pageNumber="34" start="start">Material</pageBreakToken>
examined.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="9" pageNumber="34">
<materialsCitation collectingDate="2006-04-04" collectingDateMax="2011-03-16" collectingDateMin="2006-04-04" collectorName="Gruta dos Farias, Barbalhas, Ceara, Ferreira, RL" country="ISLA" county="Cocalzinho de Goias" location="Farias cave" municipality="Gruta Ecos cave" specimenCount="9" specimenCount-female="6" specimenCount-male="3">
<specimenCount type="male">3 ♂♂</specimenCount>
,
<specimenCount type="female">6 ♀♀</specimenCount>
, 7 nymphs,
<collectorName>
Gruta dos
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:687E216D6E08938654AAD910A3B23761:9AC08F757DFB375103C4D4E711F41D99" country="ISLA" county="Cocalzinho de Goias" municipality="Gruta Ecos cave" name="Farias cave">Farias cave</location>
</collectorName>
,
<collectorName>Barbalhas</collectorName>
,
<normalizedToken originalValue="Ceará">
<collectorName>Ceara</collectorName>
</normalizedToken>
,
<collectingDate value="2007-04-30">30.iv.2007</collectingDate>
,
<collectorName>Ferreira, RL</collectorName>
leg. (
<collectingCountry name="Iceland">ISLA</collectingCountry>
15565) - 1 nymph, Cave GEM-1623, Parauapebas,
<normalizedToken originalValue="Pará">Para</normalizedToken>
,
<collectingDate value="2011-03-16">16.iii.2011</collectingDate>
, CARSTE leg. (
<collectingCountry name="Iceland">ISLA</collectingCountry>
21085) - 1 nymph,
<collectingMunicipality>Gruta Ecos cave</collectingMunicipality>
,
<collectingCounty>
Cocalzinho de
<normalizedToken originalValue="Goiás">Goias</normalizedToken>
</collectingCounty>
,
<normalizedToken originalValue="Goiás">Goias</normalizedToken>
,
<collectingDate value="2006-04-04">4.iv.2006</collectingDate>
, CECAV leg. (
<collectingCountry name="Iceland">ISLA</collectingCountry>
21096)
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="9" pageNumber="34" type="association with caves">
<paragraph pageId="9" pageNumber="34">Association with caves.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="9" pageNumber="34">
While most earwigs found in Brazilian caves seem to be accidental, this species was present as a large population within Gruta dos Farias cave, a sandstone cave located in Barbalhas municipality (
<normalizedToken originalValue="Ceará">Ceara</normalizedToken>
state, Brazil). Many adults and nymphs were observed only in guano piles in deeper areas of the cave, which has a stream trespassing its entire conduit, strongly suggesting that the population is troglophilic. They are likely feeding on bat guano or preying upon small invertebrates.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection lastPageId="10" lastPageNumber="35" pageId="9" pageNumber="34" type="description">
<paragraph pageId="9" pageNumber="34">Description and remarks.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="9" pageNumber="34">
All adult specimens examined in this study had fully developed tegmina, but lacked hind wings. Four species of
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Anisolabididae" genus="Euborellia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Euborellia" order="Dermaptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="34" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="34">Euborellia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from the Neotropical region,
<taxonomicName lsidName="E. boliviana" pageId="9" pageNumber="34" rank="species" species="boliviana">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="34">E. boliviana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Brindle, 1971,
<taxonomicName lsidName="E. ambigua" pageId="9" pageNumber="34" rank="species" species="ambigua">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="34">E. ambigua</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(Borelli, 1906),
<taxonomicName lsidName="E. caraibea" pageId="9" pageNumber="34" rank="species" species="caraibea">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="34">E. caraibea</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Hebard, 1921, and
<taxonomicName lsidName="E. janeirensis" pageId="9" pageNumber="34" rank="species" species="janeirensis">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="34">E. janeirensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, also have such characteristics. Among these species,
<taxonomicName lsidName="E. janeirensis" pageId="9" pageNumber="34" rank="species" species="janeirensis">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="34">E. janeirensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is distinguished from the others by the presence of well-developed lateral longitudinal ridges on the male abdominal tergites VI and IX, and one or more white/yellow distal antennal segments (
<bibRefCitation author="Steinmann, H" journalOrPublisher="Das Tierreich" pageId="24" pageNumber="49" pagination="1 - 504" refId="B100" refString="Steinmann, H, 1989a. Dermaptera. Catadermaptera II. Das Tierreich 105: 1 - 504" title="Dermaptera. Catadermaptera II." volume="105" year="1989 a">Steinmann 1989a</bibRefCitation>
). The external morphologies and male genitalia of the specimens examined in this study agreed well with those described previously for
<taxonomicName lsidName="E. janeirensis" pageId="9" pageNumber="34" rank="species" species="janeirensis">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="34">E. janeirensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, including brown markings on the femora (Figs
<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 2335" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figures 23 - 35. 23 - 26 Euborellia janeirensis (male): habitus (23), penultimate sternite + manubrium (24), and genitalia (25, 26) 27 - 28 Euborellia janeirensis (female): habitus (27), and spermatheca (28) 29 - 32 Euborellia brasiliensis (male): habitus (29), penultimate sternite + manubrium (30), and genitalia (31, 32) 33 Anisolabididae gen. sp. 1 (female): habitus 34 Anisolabididae gen. sp. 2 (nymph): habitus 35 Anisolabididae gen. sp. 3 (nymph) habitus. Scale bars 3 mm for Figs 23 - 25, 27, 29, 30, 33 - 35; 0.5 mm for Figs 26, 28, 31; 100 μm for Fig. 32." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.713.15118.figures23-35" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/165934" pageId="9" pageNumber="34">23</figureCitation>
and
<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 2335" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figures 23 - 35. 23 - 26 Euborellia janeirensis (male): habitus (23), penultimate sternite + manubrium (24), and genitalia (25, 26) 27 - 28 Euborellia janeirensis (female): habitus (27), and spermatheca (28) 29 - 32 Euborellia brasiliensis (male): habitus (29), penultimate sternite + manubrium (30), and genitalia (31, 32) 33 Anisolabididae gen. sp. 1 (female): habitus 34 Anisolabididae gen. sp. 2 (nymph): habitus 35 Anisolabididae gen. sp. 3 (nymph) habitus. Scale bars 3 mm for Figs 23 - 25, 27, 29, 30, 33 - 35; 0.5 mm for Figs 26, 28, 31; 100 μm for Fig. 32." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.713.15118.figures23-35" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/165934" pageId="9" pageNumber="34">27</figureCitation>
), the shapes of the forceps (Figs
<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 2335" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figures 23 - 35. 23 - 26 Euborellia janeirensis (male): habitus (23), penultimate sternite + manubrium (24), and genitalia (25, 26) 27 - 28 Euborellia janeirensis (female): habitus (27), and spermatheca (28) 29 - 32 Euborellia brasiliensis (male): habitus (29), penultimate sternite + manubrium (30), and genitalia (31, 32) 33 Anisolabididae gen. sp. 1 (female): habitus 34 Anisolabididae gen. sp. 2 (nymph): habitus 35 Anisolabididae gen. sp. 3 (nymph) habitus. Scale bars 3 mm for Figs 23 - 25, 27, 29, 30, 33 - 35; 0.5 mm for Figs 26, 28, 31; 100 μm for Fig. 32." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.713.15118.figures23-35" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/165934" pageId="9" pageNumber="34">23</figureCitation>
and
<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 2335" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figures 23 - 35. 23 - 26 Euborellia janeirensis (male): habitus (23), penultimate sternite + manubrium (24), and genitalia (25, 26) 27 - 28 Euborellia janeirensis (female): habitus (27), and spermatheca (28) 29 - 32 Euborellia brasiliensis (male): habitus (29), penultimate sternite + manubrium (30), and genitalia (31, 32) 33 Anisolabididae gen. sp. 1 (female): habitus 34 Anisolabididae gen. sp. 2 (nymph): habitus 35 Anisolabididae gen. sp. 3 (nymph) habitus. Scale bars 3 mm for Figs 23 - 25, 27, 29, 30, 33 - 35; 0.5 mm for Figs 26, 28, 31; 100 μm for Fig. 32." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.713.15118.figures23-35" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/165934" pageId="9" pageNumber="34">27</figureCitation>
), and the shapes of the parameres and denticulated pads in the penis lobe (Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 2335" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figures 23 - 35. 23 - 26 Euborellia janeirensis (male): habitus (23), penultimate sternite + manubrium (24), and genitalia (25, 26) 27 - 28 Euborellia janeirensis (female): habitus (27), and spermatheca (28) 29 - 32 Euborellia brasiliensis (male): habitus (29), penultimate sternite + manubrium (30), and genitalia (31, 32) 33 Anisolabididae gen. sp. 1 (female): habitus 34 Anisolabididae gen. sp. 2 (nymph): habitus 35 Anisolabididae gen. sp. 3 (nymph) habitus. Scale bars 3 mm for Figs 23 - 25, 27, 29, 30, 33 - 35; 0.5 mm for Figs 26, 28, 31; 100 μm for Fig. 32." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.713.15118.figures23-35" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/165934" pageId="9" pageNumber="34">26</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<caption ID-Zenodo-Dep="1152438" doi="10.3897/zookeys.713.15118.figures23-35" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/165934" pageId="9" pageNumber="34" start="Figures 2335" startId="F3">
<paragraph pageId="9" pageNumber="34">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="34">Figures 23-35.</emphasis>
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="34">23-26</emphasis>
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Dohrn" baseAuthorityYear="1864" class="Insecta" family="Anisolabididae" genus="Euborellia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Euborellia janeirensis" order="Dermaptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="34" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="janeirensis">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="34">Euborellia janeirensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(male): habitus (
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="34">23</emphasis>
), penultimate sternite + manubrium (
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="34">24</emphasis>
), and genitalia (
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="34">25, 26</emphasis>
)
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="34">27-28</emphasis>
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Dohrn" baseAuthorityYear="1864" class="Insecta" family="Anisolabididae" genus="Euborellia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Euborellia janeirensis" order="Dermaptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="34" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="janeirensis">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="34">Euborellia janeirensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(female): habitus (
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="34">27</emphasis>
), and spermatheca (
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="34">28</emphasis>
)
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="34">29-32</emphasis>
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Borelli" baseAuthorityYear="1912" class="Insecta" family="Anisolabididae" genus="Euborellia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Euborellia brasiliensis" order="Dermaptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="34" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="brasiliensis">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="34">Euborellia brasiliensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(male): habitus (
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="34">29</emphasis>
), penultimate sternite + manubrium (
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="34">30</emphasis>
), and genitalia (
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="34">31, 32</emphasis>
)
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="34">33</emphasis>
<taxonomicName authorityName="Verhoeff" authorityYear="1902" class="Insecta" family="Anisolabididae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Dermaptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="34" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Anisolabididae</taxonomicName>
gen. sp. 1 (female): habitus
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="34">34</emphasis>
<taxonomicName authorityName="Verhoeff" authorityYear="1902" class="Insecta" family="Anisolabididae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Dermaptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="34" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Anisolabididae</taxonomicName>
gen. sp. 2 (nymph): habitus
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="34">35</emphasis>
<taxonomicName authorityName="Verhoeff" authorityYear="1902" class="Insecta" family="Anisolabididae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Dermaptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="34" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Anisolabididae</taxonomicName>
gen. sp. 3 (nymph) habitus. Scale bars 3 mm for Figs
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="34">23-25, 27, 29, 30, 33-35</emphasis>
; 0.5 mm for Figs
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="34">26, 28, 31</emphasis>
; 100
<normalizedToken originalValue="μm">μm</normalizedToken>
for Fig.
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="34">32</emphasis>
.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph lastPageId="10" lastPageNumber="35" pageId="9" pageNumber="34">
Taxonomists generally examine only the terminal region of the male genital organs. The male genitalia of
<taxonomicName lsidName="E. janeirensis" pageId="9" pageNumber="34" rank="species" species="janeirensis">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="34">E. janeirensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
were approximately 22 mm in length, and more than twice the body length with forceps (Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 2335" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figures 23 - 35. 23 - 26 Euborellia janeirensis (male): habitus (23), penultimate sternite + manubrium (24), and genitalia (25, 26) 27 - 28 Euborellia janeirensis (female): habitus (27), and spermatheca (28) 29 - 32 Euborellia brasiliensis (male): habitus (29), penultimate sternite + manubrium (30), and genitalia (31, 32) 33 Anisolabididae gen. sp. 1 (female): habitus 34 Anisolabididae gen. sp. 2 (nymph): habitus 35 Anisolabididae gen. sp. 3 (nymph) habitus. Scale bars 3 mm for Figs 23 - 25, 27, 29, 30, 33 - 35; 0.5 mm for Figs 26, 28, 31; 100 μm for Fig. 32." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.713.15118.figures23-35" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/165934" pageId="9" pageNumber="34">25</figureCitation>
). The manubrium, which is an extension in the basal, inner margin of the penultimate sternite (
<bibRefCitation author="Burr, M" journalOrPublisher="Transactions of the Royal Entomological Society of London" pageId="19" pageNumber="44" pagination="269 - 272" refId="B23" refString="Burr, M, 1915b. Note on the manubrium of the ninth sternite in the male earwig. Transactions of the Royal Entomological Society of London 1915: 269 - 272" title="Note on the manubrium of the ninth sternite in the male earwig." volume="1915" year="1915 b">Burr 1915b</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3032.1958.tb00452.x" author="Ramamurthi, BN" journalOrPublisher="Proceedings of the Royal Entomological Society of London (Series A)" pageId="23" pageNumber="48" pagination="186 - 190" refId="B78" refString="Ramamurthi, BN, 1958. Studies on the male genital tube in the Dermaptera. Proceedings of the Royal Entomological Society of London (Series A) 33: 186 - 190, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3032.1958.tb00452.x" title="Studies on the male genital tube in the Dermaptera." url="https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3032.1958.tb00452.x" volume="33" year="1958">Ramamurthi 1958</bibRefCitation>
), was approximately 6 mm in length (Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 2335" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figures 23 - 35. 23 - 26 Euborellia janeirensis (male): habitus (23), penultimate sternite + manubrium (24), and genitalia (25, 26) 27 - 28 Euborellia janeirensis (female): habitus (27), and spermatheca (28) 29 - 32 Euborellia brasiliensis (male): habitus (29), penultimate sternite + manubrium (30), and genitalia (31, 32) 33 Anisolabididae gen. sp. 1 (female): habitus 34 Anisolabididae gen. sp. 2 (nymph): habitus 35 Anisolabididae gen. sp. 3 (nymph) habitus. Scale bars 3 mm for Figs 23 - 25, 27, 29, 30, 33 - 35; 0.5 mm for Figs 26, 28, 31; 100 μm for Fig. 32." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.713.15118.figures23-35" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/165934" pageId="9" pageNumber="34">24</figureCitation>
). In male earwigs, the
<pageBreakToken pageId="10" pageNumber="35" start="start">retractor</pageBreakToken>
muscles of the genitalia originate from this structure (
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-7998.1965.tb05198.x" author="Popham, EJ" journalOrPublisher="Journal of Zoology" pageId="22" pageNumber="47" pagination="1 - 43" refId="B72" refString="Popham, EJ, 1965a. The functional morphology of the reproductive organs of the common earwig (Forficula auricularia) and other Dermaptera with reference to the natural classification of the order. Journal of Zoology 146: 1 - 43, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-7998.1965.tb05198.x" title="The functional morphology of the reproductive organs of the common earwig (Forficula auricularia) and other Dermaptera with reference to the natural classification of the order." url="https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-7998.1965.tb05198.x" volume="146" year="1965 a">Popham 1965a</bibRefCitation>
). As reported by
<bibRefCitation author="Mariani, R" journalOrPublisher="Revista de la Sociedad Entomologica Argentina" pageId="22" pageNumber="47" pagination="79 - 82" refId="B61" refString="Mariani, R, 1994. Contribucion al estudio anatomico de las espermatecas en el Orden Dermaptera (Insecta). Revista de la Sociedad Entomologica Argentina 53: 79 - 82" title="Contribucion al estudio anatomico de las espermatecas en el Orden Dermaptera (Insecta)." volume="53" year="1994">Mariani (1994)</bibRefCitation>
, the spermatheca of this species was a long and thin blind duct lacking a capsule at the distal end (Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 2335" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figures 23 - 35. 23 - 26 Euborellia janeirensis (male): habitus (23), penultimate sternite + manubrium (24), and genitalia (25, 26) 27 - 28 Euborellia janeirensis (female): habitus (27), and spermatheca (28) 29 - 32 Euborellia brasiliensis (male): habitus (29), penultimate sternite + manubrium (30), and genitalia (31, 32) 33 Anisolabididae gen. sp. 1 (female): habitus 34 Anisolabididae gen. sp. 2 (nymph): habitus 35 Anisolabididae gen. sp. 3 (nymph) habitus. Scale bars 3 mm for Figs 23 - 25, 27, 29, 30, 33 - 35; 0.5 mm for Figs 26, 28, 31; 100 μm for Fig. 32." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.713.15118.figures23-35" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/165934" pageId="10" pageNumber="35">28</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="10" pageNumber="35">
Males of
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Anisolabididae" genus="Euborellia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Euborellia" order="Dermaptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="35" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="35">Euborellia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
spp. directly insert the elongated virga into the female spermatheca during copulation (
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.2108/zsj.17.667" author="Kamimura, Y" journalOrPublisher="Zoological Science" pageId="20" pageNumber="45" pagination="667 - 672" refId="B43" refString="Kamimura, Y, 2000. Possible removal of rival sperm by the elongated genitalia of the earwig, Euborellia plebeja. Zoological Science 17: 667 - 672, DOI: https://doi.org/10.2108/zsj.17.667" title="Possible removal of rival sperm by the elongated genitalia of the earwig, Euborellia plebeja." url="https://doi.org/10.2108/zsj.17.667" volume="17" year="2000">Kamimura 2000</bibRefCitation>
; Lieshout and Elgar 2011). Elongation of the virga (and the genitalia as a whole, which functions as the virgal sheath when in repose) is considered an adaptation for removal of rival sperm from the female spermatheca, which is usually longer than the virga (
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.2108/zsj.17.667" author="Kamimura, Y" journalOrPublisher="Zoological Science" pageId="20" pageNumber="45" pagination="667 - 672" refId="B43" refString="Kamimura, Y, 2000. Possible removal of rival sperm by the elongated genitalia of the earwig, Euborellia plebeja. Zoological Science 17: 667 - 672, DOI: https://doi.org/10.2108/zsj.17.667" title="Possible removal of rival sperm by the elongated genitalia of the earwig, Euborellia plebeja." url="https://doi.org/10.2108/zsj.17.667" volume="17" year="2000">Kamimura 2000</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1007/s10164-004-0125-3" author="Kamimura, Y" journalOrPublisher="Journal of Ethology" pageId="21" pageNumber="46" pagination="35 - 41" refId="B45" refString="Kamimura, Y, 2005. Last male paternity of Euborellia plebeja, an earwig with elongated genitalia and sperm removal behavior. Journal of Ethology 23: 35 - 41, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10164-004-0125-3" title="Last male paternity of Euborellia plebeja, an earwig with elongated genitalia and sperm removal behavior." url="https://doi.org/10.1007/s10164-004-0125-3" volume="23" year="2005">2005</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.anbehav.2012.11.010" author="Kamimura, Y" journalOrPublisher="Animal Behaviour" pageId="21" pageNumber="46" pagination="377 - 383" refId="B46" refString="Kamimura, Y, 2013. Promiscuity and elongated sperm storage organs work cooperatively as a cryptic female choice mechanism in an earwig. Animal Behaviour 85: 377 - 383, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.anbehav.2012.11.010" title="Promiscuity and elongated sperm storage organs work cooperatively as a cryptic female choice mechanism in an earwig." url="http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.anbehav.2012.11.010" volume="85" year="2013">2013</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-17894-3_10" author="Kamimura, Y" editor="Peretti, AV" journalOrPublisher="Springer International Publishing, Switzerland" pageId="21" pageNumber="46" pagination="255 - 283" refId="B48" refString="Kamimura, Y, 2015. What is indirect cryptic female choice? Theoretical considerations and an example from a promiscuous earwig. In: Peretti, AV, Aisenberg, A, Eds., Cryptic Female Choice in Arthropods. Springer International Publishing, Switzerland: 255 - 283, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-17894-3_10" title="What is indirect cryptic female choice? Theoretical considerations and an example from a promiscuous earwig." url="https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-17894-3_10" volumeTitle="Cryptic Female Choice in Arthropods." year="2015">2015</bibRefCitation>
; Lieshout and Elgar 2011). Thus, genital elongation in
<taxonomicName lsidName="E. janeirensis" pageId="10" pageNumber="35" rank="species" species="janeirensis">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="35">E. janeirensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
suggests intensive sperm competition in this species.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="10" pageNumber="35" type="distribution">
<paragraph pageId="10" pageNumber="35">Distribution.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="10" pageNumber="35">Brazil, Argentina, Paraguay, and Venezuela.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>