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<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/jhr.87.67256" ID-GBIF-Dataset="747c1127-756f-4bea-b56a-079f37fcfb55" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1314-2607-87-223" ID-Pensoft-UUID="771BE3B1E00150F480FF8B7F48F19A56" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5811427" ID-ZooBank="FB31C313360943B8AB6A9698FE22ACDB" ModsDocID="1314-2607-87-223" checkinTime="1640348294021" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Bremer, Jonathan, van de Kamp, Thomas &amp; Talamas, Elijah J." docDate="2021" docId="64DF7961BD855FDF8A60110C19D5C70B" docLanguage="en" docName="JourHymenoptRes 87: 223-233" docOrigin="Journal of Hymenoptera Research 87" docPubDate="2021-12-23" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/jhr.87.67256" docTitle="Janzenella theia Bremer &amp; Talamas 2021, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docUuid="3429DDD3-FDC4-40E7-84AB-3E18EBF8C057" docUuidSource="ZooBank" docVersion="4" id="771BE3B1E00150F480FF8B7F48F19A56" lastPageNumber="223" masterDocId="771BE3B1E00150F480FF8B7F48F19A56" masterDocTitle="Janzenella theia Bremer &amp; Talamas (Platygastroidea, Janzenellidae): a new species from Baltic amber" masterLastPageNumber="233" masterPageNumber="223" pageNumber="223" updateTime="1678757043111" updateUser="pensoft">
<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
<mods:titleInfo>
<mods:title>Janzenella theia Bremer &amp; Talamas (Platygastroidea, Janzenellidae): a new species from Baltic amber</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Bremer, Jonathan</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation>Florida State Collection of Arthropods, Division of Plant Industry, Florida Department of Agriculture and Consumer Services, Gainesville, FL, USA</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>van de Kamp, Thomas</mods:namePart>
<mods:nameIdentifier type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7390-1318</mods:nameIdentifier>
<mods:affiliation>Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Karlsruhe, Germany</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Talamas, Elijah J.</mods:namePart>
<mods:nameIdentifier type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1048-6345</mods:nameIdentifier>
<mods:affiliation>Florida State Collection of Arthropods, Division of Plant Industry, Florida Department of Agriculture and Consumer Services, Gainesville, FL, USA</mods:affiliation>
<mods:nameIdentifier type="email">billy.jenkins@GMAIL.COM</mods:nameIdentifier>
</mods:name>
<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
<mods:relatedItem type="host">
<mods:titleInfo>
<mods:title>Journal of Hymenoptera Research</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:part>
<mods:date>2021</mods:date>
<mods:detail type="pubDate">
<mods:number>2021-12-23</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:detail type="volume">
<mods:number>87</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:extent unit="page">
<mods:start>223</mods:start>
<mods:end>233</mods:end>
</mods:extent>
</mods:part>
</mods:relatedItem>
<mods:location>
<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/jhr.87.67256</mods:url>
</mods:location>
<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/jhr.87.67256</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1314-2607-87-223</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="ZooBank">FB31C313360943B8AB6A9698FE22ACDB</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-UUID">771BE3B1E00150F480FF8B7F48F19A56</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="Zenodo-Dep">5811427</mods:identifier>
</mods:mods>
<subSection pageId="0" pageNumber="223" type="taxonomy">
<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="191737328" LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:3429DDD3-FDC4-40E7-84AB-3E18EBF8C057" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/64DF7961BD855FDF8A60110C19D5C70B" lastPageNumber="223" pageId="0" pageNumber="223">
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="223" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="223">
<taxonomicName LSID="http://zoobank.org/3429DDD3-FDC4-40E7-84AB-3E18EBF8C057" authority="Bremer &amp; Talamas" authorityName="Bremer &amp; Talamas" authorityYear="2021" class="Insecta" family="Janzenellidae" genus="Janzenella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Janzenella theia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="223" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="theia" status="sp. nov.">Janzenella theia Bremer &amp; Talamas</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel pageId="0" pageNumber="223">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="223" type="description">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="223">Description.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="223">
Width of head decreasing anteriorly, occiput in dorsal view strongly excavated, lateral ocellus separated from inner orbit by approximately one ocellar diameter, compound eye relatively large, its length approximately 0.75 that of the head in lateral view; interorbital space broad, approximately equal to height of compound eye; mesoscutum 1.3 times wider than long; femoral depression shallow, weakly defined; forewing with R straight basally, curving toward anterior margin in distal third, R separated from costal margin by at least the width of the vein, r-rs (stigmal vein) straight, much longer than wide (&gt;3
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
); 1Rs, 1Rs+1M, 2Rs, M, and Cu present as spectral veins; propodeum with coarse rugae radiating from propodeal foramen.
</paragraph>
<caption ID-Zenodo-Dep="5811429" doi="10.3897/jhr.87.67256.figures1-2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/625947" pageId="0" pageNumber="223" start="Figures 1, 2" startId="F1">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="223">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="223">Figures 1, 2.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName authorityName="Bremer &amp; Talamas" authorityYear="2021" class="Insecta" family="Janzenellidae" genus="Janzenella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Janzenella theia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="223" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="theia">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="223">Janzenella theia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(USNMENT01223652), head, mesosoma, metasoma, brightfield photography
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="223">1</emphasis>
dorsolateral view
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="223">2</emphasis>
ventrolateral view.
</paragraph>
</caption>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="223" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="223">Material examined.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="223">
<materialsCitation collectingDate="2021-01-01" collectingDateMax="2021-12-31" collectingDateMin="2021-01-01" collectorName="Yantarny" country="Russia" location="Kaliningrad" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Kaliningrad" typeStatus="Holotype">
<typeStatus>Holotype</typeStatus>
female, USNMENT01223652 (Hoffeins #0002-7),
<collectingRegion country="Russia" name="Kaliningrad">Kaliningrad</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingCountry name="Russia">Russia</collectingCountry>
, coll.
<collectorName>Yantarny</collectorName>
, 2015 (deposited in Senckenberg Deutsches Entomologisches Institut,
<normalizedToken originalValue="Müncheberg">Muencheberg</normalizedToken>
,
<collectingCountry name="Germany">Germany</collectingCountry>
).
</materialsCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="223" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="223">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="223">
<taxonomicName authorityName="Bremer &amp; Talamas" authorityYear="2021" class="Insecta" family="Janzenellidae" genus="Janzenella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Janzenella theia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="223" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="theia">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="223">Janzenella theia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
differs from
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="J. innupta" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="223" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="innupta">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="223">J. innupta</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in just a few notable characters. The compound eyes of
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="J. theia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="223" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="theia">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="223">J. theia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
are significantly larger than those of
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="J. innupta" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="223" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="innupta">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="223">J. innupta</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, occupying most of the lateral head (compare Figures
<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 5–8" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figures 5 - 8. 5 Janzenella innupta (OSUC 264384), head, anterior view 6 J. theia (USNMENT 01223652), head, anterior view 7 J. innupta (OSUC 264384), head, dorsal view 8 J. theia (USNMENT 01223652), head, dorsal view." figureDoi="10.3897/jhr.87.67256.figures5-8" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/625949" pageId="0" pageNumber="223">5</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 5–8" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figures 5 - 8. 5 Janzenella innupta (OSUC 264384), head, anterior view 6 J. theia (USNMENT 01223652), head, anterior view 7 J. innupta (OSUC 264384), head, dorsal view 8 J. theia (USNMENT 01223652), head, dorsal view." figureDoi="10.3897/jhr.87.67256.figures5-8" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/625949" pageId="0" pageNumber="223">6</figureCitation>
).
<taxonomicName authorityName="Bremer &amp; Talamas" authorityYear="2021" class="Insecta" family="Janzenellidae" genus="Janzenella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Janzenella theia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="223" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="theia">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="223">Janzenella theia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
also lacks the pronounced genal swelling that gives the head a quadrate appearance in
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="J. innupta" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="223" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="innupta">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="223">J. innupta</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. In the forewing of
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="J. theia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="223" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="theia">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="223">J. theia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, R is separated from the wing margin by at least the width of the vein, and r-rs is much longer than wide (&gt;3
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
) (Figures
<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 1, 2" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figures 1, 2. Janzenella theia (USNMENT 01223652), head, mesosoma, metasoma, brightfield photography 1 dorsolateral view 2 ventrolateral view." figureDoi="10.3897/jhr.87.67256.figures1-2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/625947" pageId="0" pageNumber="223">2</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 9–12" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figures 9 - 12. 9 Janzenella innupta (OSUC 264400), fore and hind wings, dorsal view 10 J. theia (USNMENT 01223652), fore and hind wings, ventral view 11 J. innupta (OSUC 264384), mesosoma, dorsolateral view 12 J. theia (USNMENT 01223652), mesosoma, posterodorsal view." figureDoi="10.3897/jhr.87.67256.figures9-12" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/625950" pageId="0" pageNumber="223">10</figureCitation>
), contrasting that of
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="J. innupta" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="223" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="innupta">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="223">J. innupta</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in which R reaches the costal margin and the length of r-rs is about equal to its width (Figure
<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 9–12" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figures 9 - 12. 9 Janzenella innupta (OSUC 264400), fore and hind wings, dorsal view 10 J. theia (USNMENT 01223652), fore and hind wings, ventral view 11 J. innupta (OSUC 264384), mesosoma, dorsolateral view 12 J. theia (USNMENT 01223652), mesosoma, posterodorsal view." figureDoi="10.3897/jhr.87.67256.figures9-12" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/625950" pageId="0" pageNumber="223">9</figureCitation>
). The propodeum of
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="J. theia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="223" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="theia">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="223">J. theia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has coarse rugae radiating from the propodeal foramen (Figure
<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 9–12" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figures 9 - 12. 9 Janzenella innupta (OSUC 264400), fore and hind wings, dorsal view 10 J. theia (USNMENT 01223652), fore and hind wings, ventral view 11 J. innupta (OSUC 264384), mesosoma, dorsolateral view 12 J. theia (USNMENT 01223652), mesosoma, posterodorsal view." figureDoi="10.3897/jhr.87.67256.figures9-12" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/625950" pageId="0" pageNumber="223">12</figureCitation>
) whereas
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="J. innupta" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="223" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="innupta">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="223">J. innupta</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has rugose-areolate sculpture with submedian smooth patches (Figure
<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 9–12" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figures 9 - 12. 9 Janzenella innupta (OSUC 264400), fore and hind wings, dorsal view 10 J. theia (USNMENT 01223652), fore and hind wings, ventral view 11 J. innupta (OSUC 264384), mesosoma, dorsolateral view 12 J. theia (USNMENT 01223652), mesosoma, posterodorsal view." figureDoi="10.3897/jhr.87.67256.figures9-12" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/625950" pageId="0" pageNumber="223">11</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<caption ID-Zenodo-Dep="5811431" doi="10.3897/jhr.87.67256.figures3-4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/625948" pageId="0" pageNumber="223" start="Figures 3, 4" startId="F2">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="223">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="223">Figures 3, 4.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName authorityName="Bremer &amp; Talamas" authorityYear="2021" class="Insecta" family="Janzenellidae" genus="Janzenella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Janzenella theia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="223" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="theia">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="223">Janzenella theia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(USNMENT01223652), head, mesosoma, metasoma
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="223">3</emphasis>
lateral view
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="223">4</emphasis>
anterolateral view.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption ID-Zenodo-Dep="5811433" doi="10.3897/jhr.87.67256.figures5-8" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/625949" pageId="0" pageNumber="223" start="Figures 5–8" startId="F3">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="223">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="223">Figures 5-8.</emphasis>
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="223">5</emphasis>
<taxonomicName authorityName="Masner &amp; Johnson" authorityYear="2007" class="Insecta" family="Janzenellidae" genus="Janzenella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Janzenella innupta" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="223" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="innupta">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="223">Janzenella innupta</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(OSUC 264384), head, anterior view
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="223">6</emphasis>
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="J. theia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="223" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="theia">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="223">J. theia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(USNMENT01223652), head, anterior view
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="223">7</emphasis>
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="J. innupta" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="223" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="innupta">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="223">J. innupta</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(OSUC 264384), head, dorsal view
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="223">8</emphasis>
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="J. theia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="223" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="theia">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="223">J. theia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(USNMENT01223652), head, dorsal view.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption ID-Zenodo-Dep="5811435" doi="10.3897/jhr.87.67256.figures9-12" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/625950" pageId="0" pageNumber="223" start="Figures 9–12" startId="F4">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="223">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="223">Figures 9-12.</emphasis>
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="223">9</emphasis>
<taxonomicName authorityName="Masner &amp; Johnson" authorityYear="2007" class="Insecta" family="Janzenellidae" genus="Janzenella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Janzenella innupta" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="223" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="innupta">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="223">Janzenella innupta</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(OSUC 264400), fore and hind wings, dorsal view
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="223">10</emphasis>
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="J. theia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="223" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="theia">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="223">J. theia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(USNMENT01223652), fore and hind wings, ventral view
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="223">11</emphasis>
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="J. innupta" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="223" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="innupta">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="223">J. innupta</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(OSUC 264384), mesosoma, dorsolateral view
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="223">12</emphasis>
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="J. theia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="223" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="theia">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="223">J. theia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(USNMENT01223652), mesosoma, posterodorsal view.
</paragraph>
</caption>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="223" type="etymology">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="223">Etymology.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="223">The species is named after Theia, the mythical Greek titaness of sight, who is credited with endowing precious stones with their brilliance and intrinsic value. The name is treated as an appositional noun.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="223" type="discussion">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="223">Discussion.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="223">
<taxonomicName authorityName="Bremer &amp; Talamas" authorityYear="2021" class="Insecta" family="Janzenellidae" genus="Janzenella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Janzenella theia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="223" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="theia">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="223">Janzenella theia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="J. innupta" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="223" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="innupta">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="223">J. innupta</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
are remarkably similar (compare Figures
<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 1, 2" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figures 1, 2. Janzenella theia (USNMENT 01223652), head, mesosoma, metasoma, brightfield photography 1 dorsolateral view 2 ventrolateral view." figureDoi="10.3897/jhr.87.67256.figures1-2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/625947" pageId="0" pageNumber="223">1</figureCitation>
-
<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 3, 4" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figures 3, 4. Janzenella theia (USNMENT 01223652), head, mesosoma, metasoma 3 lateral view 4 anterolateral view." figureDoi="10.3897/jhr.87.67256.figures3-4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/625948" pageId="0" pageNumber="223">4</figureCitation>
to 18, 19) given the span of time between the Eocene and the present, as is evidenced by the brevity of our species description and length of the generic description. This similarity, and the conspecificity of
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="J. innupta" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="223" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="innupta">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="223">J. innupta</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
specimens in Dominican amber and from Costa Rica (
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1206/0003-0082(2007)3574[1:JAENGO]2.0.CO;2" author="Masner, L" journalOrPublisher="Journal of Hymenoptera Research" pageId="0" pageNumber="223" refId="B5" refString="Masner, L, Johnson, NF, 2007. Janzenella, an Enigmatic New Genus of Scelionid Wasp from Costa Rica (Hymenoptera: Platygastroidea, Scelionidae). American Museum Novitates 3574: 1-7. https://doi.org/10.1206/0003-0082(2007)3574[1:JAENGO]2.0.CO;2" title="Janzenella, an Enigmatic New Genus of Scelionid Wasp from Costa Rica (Hymenoptera: Platygastroidea, Scelionidae). American Museum Novitates 3574: 1 - 7." url="https://doi.org/10.1206/0003-0082(2007)3574[1:JAENGO]2.0.CO;2" year="2007">Masner and Johnson 2007</bibRefCitation>
), support the notion that morphological change occurs very slowly in
<taxonomicName authorityName="Masner &amp; Johnson" authorityYear="2007" class="Insecta" family="Janzenellidae" genus="Janzenella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Janzenella" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="223" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="223">Janzenella</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. We included two characters in our generic description that were assessed in only one of the species. The tibial spurs in
<taxonomicName authorityName="Masner &amp; Johnson" authorityYear="2007" class="Insecta" family="Janzenellidae" genus="Janzenella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Janzenella innupta" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="223" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="innupta">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="223">Janzenella innupta</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
are very small and required use of high magnification microscopy to confidently assess their number (Figures
<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 13–17" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Figures 13 - 17. 13 Janzenella theia (USNMENT 01223652), profurca, posterior view 14 J. theia (USNMENT 01223652), mesofurca, posterior view 15 J. theia, metafurca, posterior view 16 J. innupta (OSUC 264397), mesotibia, lateral view 17 J. innupta (OSUC 264397), metatibia, lateral view." figureDoi="10.3897/jhr.87.67256.figures13-16" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/625951" pageId="0" pageNumber="223">16</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 13–17" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Figures 13 - 17. 13 Janzenella theia (USNMENT 01223652), profurca, posterior view 14 J. theia (USNMENT 01223652), mesofurca, posterior view 15 J. theia, metafurca, posterior view 16 J. innupta (OSUC 264397), mesotibia, lateral view 17 J. innupta (OSUC 264397), metatibia, lateral view." figureDoi="10.3897/jhr.87.67256.figures13-16" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/625951" pageId="0" pageNumber="223">17</figureCitation>
), we were not able to determine their number on
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="J. theia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="223" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="theia">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="223">J. theia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, but given that a 1-2-2 tibial spur formula is plesiomorphic for the superfamily (
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1111/syen.12511" author="Chen, H-y" journalOrPublisher="Systematic Entomology" pageId="0" pageNumber="223" pagination="1088 - 1113" refId="B1" refString="Chen, H-y, Lahey, Z, Talamas, EJ, Valerio, AA, Popovici, OA, Musetti, L, Klompen, H, Plaszek, A, Masner, L, Austin, AD, Johnson, NF, 2021. An integrated phylogenetic reassessment of the parasitoid superfamily Platygastroidea (Hymenoptera: Proctotrupomorpha) results in a revised Janzenellidael classification. Systematic Entomology 46 (4): 1088 - 1113, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/syen.12511" title="An integrated phylogenetic reassessment of the parasitoid superfamily Platygastroidea (Hymenoptera: Proctotrupomorpha) results in a revised Janzenellidael classification." url="https://doi.org/10.1111/syen.12511" volume="46" year="2021">Chen et al. 2021</bibRefCitation>
), we consider it reasonable to believe that the older species has the same configuration. The pro-, meso- and metafurcae are clearly visible in the reconstructions of
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="J. theia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="223" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="theia">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="223">J. theia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(Figures
<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 13–17" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Figures 13 - 17. 13 Janzenella theia (USNMENT 01223652), profurca, posterior view 14 J. theia (USNMENT 01223652), mesofurca, posterior view 15 J. theia, metafurca, posterior view 16 J. innupta (OSUC 264397), mesotibia, lateral view 17 J. innupta (OSUC 264397), metatibia, lateral view." figureDoi="10.3897/jhr.87.67256.figures13-16" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/625951" pageId="0" pageNumber="223">13</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 13–17" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Figures 13 - 17. 13 Janzenella theia (USNMENT 01223652), profurca, posterior view 14 J. theia (USNMENT 01223652), mesofurca, posterior view 15 J. theia, metafurca, posterior view 16 J. innupta (OSUC 264397), mesotibia, lateral view 17 J. innupta (OSUC 264397), metatibia, lateral view." figureDoi="10.3897/jhr.87.67256.figures13-16" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/625951" pageId="0" pageNumber="223">14</figureCitation>
) but we have not yet examined these structures in
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="J. innupta" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="223" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="innupta">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="223">J. innupta</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. Given the similarity of
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="J. theia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="223" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="theia">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="223">J. theia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="J. innupta" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="223" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="innupta">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="223">J. innupta</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, we treat these characters as stable within
<taxonomicName authorityName="Masner &amp; Johnson" authorityYear="2007" class="Insecta" family="Janzenellidae" genus="Janzenella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Janzenella" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="223" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="223">Janzenella</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
for the purposes of comparative analysis.
</paragraph>
<caption ID-Zenodo-Dep="5811437" doi="10.3897/jhr.87.67256.figures13-16" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/625951" pageId="0" pageNumber="223" start="Figures 13–17" startId="F5">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="223">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="223">Figures 13-17.</emphasis>
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="223">13</emphasis>
<taxonomicName authorityName="Bremer &amp; Talamas" authorityYear="2021" class="Insecta" family="Janzenellidae" genus="Janzenella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Janzenella theia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="223" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="theia">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="223">Janzenella theia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(USNMENT01223652), profurca, posterior view
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="223">14</emphasis>
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="J. theia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="223" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="theia">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="223">J. theia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(USNMENT01223652), mesofurca, posterior view
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="223">15</emphasis>
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="J. theia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="223" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="theia">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="223">J. theia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, metafurca, posterior view
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="223">16</emphasis>
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="J. innupta" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="223" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="innupta">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="223">J. innupta</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(OSUC 264397), mesotibia, lateral view
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="223">17</emphasis>
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="J. innupta" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="223" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="innupta">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="223">J. innupta</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(OSUC 264397), metatibia, lateral view.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="223">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="223">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="223">Metanotum</emphasis>
.
</emphasis>
The lateral metanotum in
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="J. innupta" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="223" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="innupta">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="223">J. innupta</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(Figure
<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 9–12" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figures 9 - 12. 9 Janzenella innupta (OSUC 264400), fore and hind wings, dorsal view 10 J. theia (USNMENT 01223652), fore and hind wings, ventral view 11 J. innupta (OSUC 264384), mesosoma, dorsolateral view 12 J. theia (USNMENT 01223652), mesosoma, posterodorsal view." figureDoi="10.3897/jhr.87.67256.figures9-12" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/625950" pageId="0" pageNumber="223">11</figureCitation>
) is rugose in addition to the line of foveae along the posterior part of the sclerite. Such sculpture on this part of the metanotum (metanotal trough in taxa where the metascutellum is visible) is otherwise unknown to us in
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="223" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="superFamily" superFamily="Platygastroidea">Platygastroidea</taxonomicName>
. We were not able to resolve this detail in the rendered images of
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="J. theia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="223" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="theia">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="223">J. theia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="223">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="223">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="223">Profurca</emphasis>
.
</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1096-3642.2009.00576.x" author="Vilhelmsen, L" journalOrPublisher="Zoological Journal of the Linnaen Society" pageId="0" pageNumber="223" pagination="22 - 194" refId="B16" refString="Vilhelmsen, L, Miko, I, Krogmann, L, 2010. Beyond the wasp-waist: structural diversity and phylogenetic significance of the mesosoma in apocritan wasps (Insecta: Hymenoptera). Zoological Journal of the Linnaen Society 159: 22 - 194, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1096-3642.2009.00576.x" title="Beyond the wasp-waist: structural diversity and phylogenetic significance of the mesosoma in apocritan wasps (Insecta: Hymenoptera)." url="https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1096-3642.2009.00576.x" volume="159" year="2010">Vilhelmsen et al. (2010)</bibRefCitation>
found the profurcal bridge to be absent in
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="223" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="superFamily" superFamily="Platygastroidea">Platygastroidea</taxonomicName>
, although it has since been found to exist in the platygastrid genus
<taxonomicName authorityName="Haldeman" authorityYear="1850" class="Insecta" family="Platygastridae" genus="Amitus" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Amitus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="223" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="223">Amitus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Haldeman (
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.3897/jhr.87.72906" author="Miko, I" editor="Lahey, Z" journalOrPublisher="Journal of Hymenoptera Research" pageId="0" pageNumber="223" pagination="235 - 249" refId="B6" refString="Miko, I, Raymond, M, Talamas, EJ, 2021. New family-level characters for Platygastroidea. In: Lahey, Z, Talamas, E, Eds., Advances in the Systematics of Platygastroidea III. Journal of Hymenoptera Research 87: 235 - 249, DOI: https://doi.org/10.3897/jhr.87.72906" title="New family-level characters for Platygastroidea." url="https://doi.org/10.3897/jhr.87.72906" volume="87" volumeTitle="Advances in the Systematics of Platygastroidea III." year="2021">
<normalizedToken originalValue="Mikó">Miko</normalizedToken>
et al. 2021
</bibRefCitation>
). The absence of the profurcal bridge in
<taxonomicName authorityName="Masner &amp; Johnson" authorityYear="2007" class="Insecta" family="Janzenellidae" genus="Janzenella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Janzenella" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="223" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="223">Janzenella</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is congruent with treating this as a plesiomorphic condition, although internal characters have yet to be examined in the recently erected families
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Engel &amp; Huang" baseAuthorityYear="2016" family="Geoscelionidae" lsidName="" pageId="0" pageNumber="223" rank="family">Geoscelionidae</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Proterosceliopsidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="223" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Proterosceliopsidae</taxonomicName>
, and
<taxonomicName authorityName="Johnson &amp; Austin" authorityYear="2021" class="Insecta" family="Neuroscelionidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="223" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Neuroscelionidae</taxonomicName>
(
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.3897/jhr.73.32256" author="Talamas, EJ" editor="Talamas, E" journalOrPublisher="Journal of Hymenoptera Research" pageId="0" pageNumber="223" pagination="3 - 38" refId="B12" refString="Talamas, EJ, Johnson, NF, Shih, C, Ren, D, 2019. Proterosceliopsidae: A new family of Platygastroidea from Cretaceous amber. In: Talamas, E, Ed., Advances in the Systematics of Platygastroidea II. Journal of Hymenoptera Research 73: 3 - 38, DOI: https://doi.org/10.3897/jhr.73.32256" title="Proterosceliopsidae: A new family of Platygastroidea from Cretaceous amber." url="https://doi.org/10.3897/jhr.73.32256" volume="73" volumeTitle="Advances in the Systematics of Platygastroidea II." year="2019">Talamas et al. 2019</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1111/syen.12511" author="Chen, H-y" journalOrPublisher="Systematic Entomology" pageId="0" pageNumber="223" pagination="1088 - 1113" refId="B1" refString="Chen, H-y, Lahey, Z, Talamas, EJ, Valerio, AA, Popovici, OA, Musetti, L, Klompen, H, Plaszek, A, Masner, L, Austin, AD, Johnson, NF, 2021. An integrated phylogenetic reassessment of the parasitoid superfamily Platygastroidea (Hymenoptera: Proctotrupomorpha) results in a revised Janzenellidael classification. Systematic Entomology 46 (4): 1088 - 1113, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/syen.12511" title="An integrated phylogenetic reassessment of the parasitoid superfamily Platygastroidea (Hymenoptera: Proctotrupomorpha) results in a revised Janzenellidael classification." url="https://doi.org/10.1111/syen.12511" volume="46" year="2021">Chen et al. 2021</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="223">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="223">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="223">Mesofurca</emphasis>
.
</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.1571.1.1" author="Miko, I" journalOrPublisher="Zootaxa" pageId="0" pageNumber="223" pagination="1 - 78" refId="B7" refString="Miko, I, Vilhelmsen, L, Johnson, NF, Masner, L, Penzes, Z, 2007. Skeletomusculature of Scelionidae (Hymenoptera: Platygastroidea): head and mesosoma. Zootaxa 1571: 1 - 78, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.1571.1.1" title="Skeletomusculature of Scelionidae (Hymenoptera: Platygastroidea): head and mesosoma." url="https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.1571.1.1" volume="1571" year="2007">
<normalizedToken originalValue="Mikó">Miko</normalizedToken>
et al. (2007)
</bibRefCitation>
reported the presence of a mesofurcal bridge in
<taxonomicName authorityName="Haliday" authorityYear="1839" class="Insecta" family="Scelionidae" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="223" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Scelionidae</taxonomicName>
, which at that time contained lineages now treated as
<taxonomicName authorityName="Masner" authorityYear="1976" family="Nixoniidae" lsidName="" pageId="0" pageNumber="223" rank="family">Nixoniidae</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName authorityName="Dahlbom" authorityYear="1858" class="Insecta" family="Sparasionidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="223" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Sparasionidae</taxonomicName>
(
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1111/syen.12511" author="Chen, H-y" journalOrPublisher="Systematic Entomology" pageId="0" pageNumber="223" pagination="1088 - 1113" refId="B1" refString="Chen, H-y, Lahey, Z, Talamas, EJ, Valerio, AA, Popovici, OA, Musetti, L, Klompen, H, Plaszek, A, Masner, L, Austin, AD, Johnson, NF, 2021. An integrated phylogenetic reassessment of the parasitoid superfamily Platygastroidea (Hymenoptera: Proctotrupomorpha) results in a revised Janzenellidael classification. Systematic Entomology 46 (4): 1088 - 1113, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/syen.12511" title="An integrated phylogenetic reassessment of the parasitoid superfamily Platygastroidea (Hymenoptera: Proctotrupomorpha) results in a revised Janzenellidael classification." url="https://doi.org/10.1111/syen.12511" volume="46" year="2021">Chen et al. 2021</bibRefCitation>
).
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.3897/jhr.87.72906" author="Miko, I" editor="Lahey, Z" journalOrPublisher="Journal of Hymenoptera Research" pageId="0" pageNumber="223" pagination="235 - 249" refId="B6" refString="Miko, I, Raymond, M, Talamas, EJ, 2021. New family-level characters for Platygastroidea. In: Lahey, Z, Talamas, E, Eds., Advances in the Systematics of Platygastroidea III. Journal of Hymenoptera Research 87: 235 - 249, DOI: https://doi.org/10.3897/jhr.87.72906" title="New family-level characters for Platygastroidea." url="https://doi.org/10.3897/jhr.87.72906" volume="87" volumeTitle="Advances in the Systematics of Platygastroidea III." year="2021">
<normalizedToken originalValue="Mikó">Miko</normalizedToken>
et al. (2021)
</bibRefCitation>
reported two forms in
<taxonomicName authorityName="Haliday" authorityYear="1833" class="Insecta" family="Platygastridae" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="223" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Platygastridae</taxonomicName>
: without a bridge in
<taxonomicName authorityName="Haldeman" authorityYear="1850" class="Insecta" family="Platygastridae" genus="Amitus" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Amitus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="223" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="223">Amitus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and with a bridge in
<taxonomicName authorityName="Forster" authorityYear="1856" class="Insecta" family="Platygastridae" genus="Synopeas" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Synopeas" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="223" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="223">Synopeas</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<normalizedToken originalValue="Förster">Foerster</normalizedToken>
.
<bibRefCitation author="Heraty, JM" journalOrPublisher="Journal of Hymenoptera Research" pageId="0" pageNumber="223" pagination="241 - 277" refId="B3" refString="Heraty, JM, Woolley, JB, Darling, DC, 1994. Phylogenetic implications of the mesofurca and mesopostnotum in Hymenoptera. Journal of Hymenoptera Research 3: 241 - 277" title="Phylogenetic implications of the mesofurca and mesopostnotum in Hymenoptera." volume="3" year="1994">Heraty et al. (1994)</bibRefCitation>
determined the mesofurcal bridge to be absent in
<taxonomicName authorityName="Haliday" authorityYear="1833" class="Insecta" family="Platygastridae" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="223" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Platygastridae</taxonomicName>
based on examination of two genera (
<taxonomicName authorityName="Forster" authorityYear="1856" class="Insecta" family="Platygastridae" genus="Isocybus" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Isocybus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="223" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="223">Isocybus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<normalizedToken originalValue="Förster">Foerster</normalizedToken>
and
<taxonomicName authorityName="Haliday" authorityYear="1833" class="Insecta" family="Platygastridae" genus="Inostemma" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Inostemma" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="223" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="223">Inostemma</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Haliday) and considered that these losses were apomorphies. The absence of a mesofurcal bridge in
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="J. theia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="223" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="theia">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="223">J. theia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
thus may indicate close relation to
<taxonomicName authorityName="Haliday" authorityYear="1833" class="Insecta" family="Platygastridae" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="223" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Platygastridae</taxonomicName>
, as was suggested by the analyses of
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1111/syen.12511" author="Chen, H-y" journalOrPublisher="Systematic Entomology" pageId="0" pageNumber="223" pagination="1088 - 1113" refId="B1" refString="Chen, H-y, Lahey, Z, Talamas, EJ, Valerio, AA, Popovici, OA, Musetti, L, Klompen, H, Plaszek, A, Masner, L, Austin, AD, Johnson, NF, 2021. An integrated phylogenetic reassessment of the parasitoid superfamily Platygastroidea (Hymenoptera: Proctotrupomorpha) results in a revised Janzenellidael classification. Systematic Entomology 46 (4): 1088 - 1113, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/syen.12511" title="An integrated phylogenetic reassessment of the parasitoid superfamily Platygastroidea (Hymenoptera: Proctotrupomorpha) results in a revised Janzenellidael classification." url="https://doi.org/10.1111/syen.12511" volume="46" year="2021">Chen et al. (2021)</bibRefCitation>
. However, the presence of a mesofurcal bridge in
<taxonomicName authorityName="Forster" authorityYear="1856" class="Insecta" family="Platygastridae" genus="Synopeas" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Synopeas" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="223" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="223">Synopeas</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
reflects the need for greater taxon sampling in
<taxonomicName authorityName="Haliday" authorityYear="1833" class="Insecta" family="Platygastridae" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="223" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Platygastridae</taxonomicName>
to confidently establish the plesiomorphic condition for
<taxonomicName authorityName="Haliday" authorityYear="1833" class="Insecta" family="Platygastridae" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="223" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Platygastridae</taxonomicName>
and to determine if loss of the mesofurcal bridge is indeed irreversible as
<bibRefCitation author="Heraty, JM" journalOrPublisher="Journal of Hymenoptera Research" pageId="0" pageNumber="223" pagination="241 - 277" refId="B3" refString="Heraty, JM, Woolley, JB, Darling, DC, 1994. Phylogenetic implications of the mesofurca and mesopostnotum in Hymenoptera. Journal of Hymenoptera Research 3: 241 - 277" title="Phylogenetic implications of the mesofurca and mesopostnotum in Hymenoptera." volume="3" year="1994">Heraty et al. (1994)</bibRefCitation>
suggested.
</paragraph>
<caption ID-Zenodo-Dep="5811439" doi="10.3897/jhr.87.67256.figures18-19" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/625952" pageId="0" pageNumber="223" start="Figures 18, 19" startId="F6">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="223">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="223">Figures 18, 19.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName authorityName="Masner &amp; Johnson" authorityYear="2007" class="Insecta" family="Janzenellidae" genus="Janzenella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Janzenella innupta" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="223" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="innupta">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="223">Janzenella innupta</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(OSUC 264384), head, mesosoma, metasoma, lateral view.
</paragraph>
</caption>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</subSection>
</document>
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