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<document id="B28B098CD23F74563B9542D366B50E48" ID-DOI="10.4202/app.2012.0129" ID-ISSN="1732-2421" ID-Zenodo-Dep="10626287" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="GgImagineBatch" checkinTime="1707248757179" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Kostopoulos, Dimitris S. &amp; Karakütük, Seval" docDate="2015" docId="6471BC2BC22DFF96FFEAFCA001F013AE" docLanguage="en" docName="ActaPalaeontolPol.60.1.49-66.pdf" docOrigin="Acta Palaeontologica Polonica 60 (1)" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.4202/app.2012.0129" docStyle="DocumentStyle:E4780F6D34569985EDF9CACFB9BC780E:ActaPalaeontolPol.2015-.journal_article" docStyleId="E4780F6D34569985EDF9CACFB9BC780E" docStyleName="ActaPalaeontolPol.2015-.journal_article" docTitle="Urmiatherium rugosifrons" docType="treatment" docVersion="2" lastPageNumber="60" masterDocId="9848C453C226FF9DFF88FFF5015E1406" masterDocTitle="Late Miocene bovids from Şerefköy- 2 (SW Turkey) and their position within the sub-Paratethyan biogeographic province" masterLastPageNumber="66" masterPageNumber="49" pageNumber="60" updateTime="1707249118299" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CC-BY-4.0">
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<mods:title id="5641A7CE2B9901BC3793EC8286E8DBE3">Late Miocene bovids from Şerefköy- 2 (SW Turkey) and their position within the sub-Paratethyan biogeographic province</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="4D22F679883253070E139F8DB0033CC2">Kostopoulos, Dimitris S.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="740D506E02DDB09CF21E837E06A8DF19">Karakütük, Seval</mods:namePart>
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<treatment id="6471BC2BC22DFF96FFEAFCA001F013AE" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:6471BC2BC22DFF96FFEAFCA001F013AE" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/6471BC2BC22DFF96FFEAFCA001F013AE" lastPageNumber="60" pageId="11" pageNumber="60">
<subSubSection id="A4C25EB6C22DFF96FFEAFCA003EE1774" box="[98,688,853,882]" pageId="11" pageNumber="60" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="EC670D3DC22DFF96FFEAFCA003EE1774" blockId="11.[98,688,853,882]" box="[98,688,853,882]" pageId="11" pageNumber="60">
<heading id="B72FBA51C22DFF96FFEAFCA003EE1774" box="[98,688,853,882]" fontSize="12" level="2" pageId="11" pageNumber="60" reason="2">
<taxonomicName id="2BD876BEC22DFF96FFEAFCA003EE1774" authority="(Sickenberg, 1932)" baseAuthorityName="Sickenberg" baseAuthorityYear="1932" box="[98,688,853,882]" class="Mammalia" family="Bovidae" genus="Urmiatherium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Artiodactyla" pageId="11" pageNumber="60" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="rugosifrons">
<emphasis id="DEACD12FC22DFF96FFEAFCA000ED1777" box="[98,435,853,882]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="60">Urmiatherium rugosifrons</emphasis>
(Sickenberg, 1932)
</taxonomicName>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="A4C25EB6C22DFF96FFEAFC7701F013AE" pageId="11" pageNumber="60" type="description">
<paragraph id="EC670D3DC22DFF96FFEAFC7701F21791" blockId="11.[98,172,898,919]" box="[98,172,898,919]" pageId="11" pageNumber="60">
<figureCitation id="74E311B8C22DFF96FFEAFC7701F61791" box="[98,168,898,919]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="12.[151,184,1284,1304]" captionTargetBox="[154,1534,162,1258]" captionTargetId="figure-396@12.[154,1535,162,1258]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="Fig. 13. The bovid artiodactyl Urmiatherium rugosifrons (Sickenberg, 1932) from Şerefköy-2 (Turkey), Late Turolian (Late Miocene). A. Juvenile frontlet (MYŞE PV-2504) in anterior view. B. Frontlet (MYŞE PV-2503) in anterior view. C. Opisthocranium (MYŞE PV-1182) in ventral view. D. Axis + 3rd cervical vertebra (MYŞE PV-2599) in dorsal view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10626313" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10626313/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="60">Fig. 13</figureCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="EC670D3DC22DFF96FFEAFC5D025D1062" blockId="11.[98,771,936,1124]" pageId="11" pageNumber="60">
<emphasis id="DEACD12FC22DFF96FFEAFC5D019517C4" box="[98,203,936,962]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="60">Material.</emphasis>
—MYŞE PV-1182, partial opisthocranium; MYŞE PV-2503, frontlet; MYŞE PV-2504, frontlet of young individual; MYŞE PV-2599, axis+3
<superScript id="1BADA075C22DFF96FE46FC1D008217F1" attach="left" box="[462,476,1000,1015]" fontSize="6" pageId="11" pageNumber="60">rd</superScript>
cervical vertebra; MYŞE PV-2506, axis; MYŞE PV-2505, 3
<superScript id="1BADA075C22DFF96FE63FBFD00A71011" attach="left" box="[491,505,1032,1047]" fontSize="6" pageId="11" pageNumber="60">rd</superScript>
cervical vertebra (possibly representing the same individual as MYŞE PV-2505). All from Şerefköy-2,
<collectingCountry id="94CF4DADC22DFF96FEDBFBBE00FA1062" box="[339,420,1099,1124]" name="Turkey" pageId="11" pageNumber="60">Turkey</collectingCountry>
, Late Turolian (Late Miocene).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="EC670D3DC22DFF96FFEAFB80025C10C9" blockId="11.[98,771,1141,1585]" pageId="11" pageNumber="60">
<emphasis id="DEACD12FC22DFF96FFEAFB8001B31088" box="[98,237,1141,1166]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="60">Description.</emphasis>
—This bizarre species is represented by at least two individuals and can unambiguously be identified based on (i) its small size (
<tableCitation id="A15A3886C22DFF96FEB4FB4300CF10C9" box="[316,401,1206,1231]" captionStart="Table 5" captionStartId="11.[806,859,1420,1441]" captionText="Table 5. Cranial and horn core measurements (in mm) of Urmiatherium rugosifrons from Şerefköy-2 (Turkey) compared to Urmiatherium rugosifrons from Samos (Greece) and Urmiatherium polaki from Maragheh (Iran). Data are from Kostopoulos (2009a) and Kostopoulos and Bernor (2011).APDbase, anteroposterior diameter at the base; TDbase, transverse diameter at the base; Wbi-co, bicondylar width of the skull; Wbrc, maximum width of the braincase; Wptbc, width of the skull at the posterior tuberosities of the basioccipital." pageId="11" pageNumber="60">Table 5</tableCitation>
); (ii) strong cranio-facial flexion;
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="EC670D3DC22DFF96FFE2FB23025C11B6" blockId="11.[98,771,1141,1585]" pageId="11" pageNumber="60">
iii) strongly elevated, thick and pneumatised frontals; (iv) an extremely shortened opisthocranium; (v) a reduced parietal forming an obtuse angle with the occipital plane; (vi) an enlarged and thickened occipital with large occipital condyles and a dorsally-facing occiput; (vii) a thickened basioccipital with strong and completely fused posterior tuberosities, thus forming an additional, oval facet for the atlas (
<figureCitation id="74E311B8C22DFF96FDE9FA62039811B6" box="[609,710,1431,1456]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="12.[151,184,1284,1304]" captionTargetBox="[154,1534,162,1258]" captionTargetId="figure-396@12.[154,1535,162,1258]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="Fig. 13. The bovid artiodactyl Urmiatherium rugosifrons (Sickenberg, 1932) from Şerefköy-2 (Turkey), Late Turolian (Late Miocene). A. Juvenile frontlet (MYŞE PV-2504) in anterior view. B. Frontlet (MYŞE PV-2503) in anterior view. C. Opisthocranium (MYŞE PV-1182) in ventral view. D. Axis + 3rd cervical vertebra (MYŞE PV-2599) in dorsal view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10626313" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10626313/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="60">Fig. 13C</figureCitation>
); and
</paragraph>
<caption id="B8A75DB5C22DFF96FCAEFA7905871268" pageId="11" pageNumber="60" startId="11.[806,859,1420,1441]" targetType="table">
<paragraph id="EC670D3DC22DFF96FCAEFA7905871268" blockId="11.[806,1482,1419,1646]" pageId="11" pageNumber="60">
Table 5. Cranial and horn core measurements (in mm) of
<taxonomicName id="2BD876BEC22DFF96FADDFA7E02E411B8" baseAuthorityName="Sickenberg" baseAuthorityYear="1932" class="Mammalia" family="Bovidae" genus="Urmiatherium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Artiodactyla" pageId="11" pageNumber="60" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="rugosifrons">
<emphasis id="DEACD12FC22DFF96FADDFA7E02E411B8" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="60">Urmiatherium rugosifrons</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from Şerefköy-2 (Turkey) compared to
<taxonomicName id="2BD876BEC22DFF96FAC8FA5D02C811DD" baseAuthorityName="Sickenberg" baseAuthorityYear="1932" class="Mammalia" family="Bovidae" genus="Urmiatherium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Artiodactyla" pageId="11" pageNumber="60" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="rugosifrons">
<emphasis id="DEACD12FC22DFF96FAC8FA5D02C811DD" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="60">Urmiatherium rugosifrons</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from Samos (Greece) and
<taxonomicName id="2BD876BEC22DFF96FB1EFA33043E11DD" authorityName="Rodler" authorityYear="1889" box="[1174,1376,1478,1499]" class="Mammalia" family="Bovidae" genus="Urmiatherium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Artiodactyla" pageId="11" pageNumber="60" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="polaki">
<emphasis id="DEACD12FC22DFF96FB1EFA33043E11DD" box="[1174,1376,1478,1499]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="60">Urmiatherium polaki</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from Maragheh (Iran). Data are from
<bibRefCitation id="884970CCC22DFF96FBB9FA1105A511FF" author="Kostopoulos, D. S." box="[1073,1275,1508,1529]" pageId="11" pageNumber="60" pagination="345 - 389" refId="ref13709" refString="Kostopoulos, D. S. 2009 a. The Late Miocene Mammal Faunas of the Mytilinii Basin, Samos Island, Greece: New Collection. 13. Bovidae. Beitrage zur Palaontologie 31: 345 - 389." type="journal article" year="2009">Kostopoulos (2009a)</bibRefCitation>
and
<bibRefCitation id="884970CCC22DFF96FAA0FA1102EF1210" author="Kostopoulos, D. S. &amp; Bernor, R. L." pageId="11" pageNumber="60" pagination="649 - 708" refId="ref13818" refString="Kostopoulos, D. S. and Bernor, R. L. 2011. The Maragheh bovids (Mammalia, Artiodactyla): systematic revision and biostratigraphic-zoogeographic interpretation. Geodiversitas 33: 649 - 708." type="journal article" year="2011">Kostopoulos and Bernor (2011)</bibRefCitation>
.APDbase, anteroposterior diameter at the base; TDbase, transverse diameter at the base; Wbi-co, bicondylar width of the skull; Wbrc, maximum width of the braincase; Wptbc, width of the skull at the posterior tuberosities of the basioccipital.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="EC670D3DC22DFF96FFE2FA4200E41237" blockId="11.[98,771,1141,1585]" pageId="11" pageNumber="60">
viii) thick, short, and moderately homonymously twisted and grooved horn cores, originating very close from each other and—in juveniles—bearing wide and well-defined lateral depressions (
<figureCitation id="74E311B8C22DFF96FEACF9ED00F21237" box="[292,428,1560,1585]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="12.[151,184,1284,1304]" captionTargetBox="[154,1534,162,1258]" captionTargetId="figure-396@12.[154,1535,162,1258]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="Fig. 13. The bovid artiodactyl Urmiatherium rugosifrons (Sickenberg, 1932) from Şerefköy-2 (Turkey), Late Turolian (Late Miocene). A. Juvenile frontlet (MYŞE PV-2504) in anterior view. B. Frontlet (MYŞE PV-2503) in anterior view. C. Opisthocranium (MYŞE PV-1182) in ventral view. D. Axis + 3rd cervical vertebra (MYŞE PV-2599) in dorsal view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10626313" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10626313/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="60">Fig. 13A, B</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="EC670D3DC22DFF96FFEAF9B4025C12BA" blockId="11.[98,771,1601,1885]" pageId="11" pageNumber="60">
<emphasis id="DEACD12FC22DFF96FFEAF9B4019B125D" box="[98,197,1601,1627]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="60">Remarks</emphasis>
.—
<taxonomicName id="2BD876BEC22DFF96FF60F9B4034D125D" baseAuthorityName="Sickenberg" baseAuthorityYear="1932" box="[232,531,1601,1627]" class="Mammalia" family="Bovidae" genus="Urmiatherium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Artiodactyla" pageId="11" pageNumber="60" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="rugosifrons">
<emphasis id="DEACD12FC22DFF96FF60F9B4034D125D" box="[232,531,1601,1627]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="60">Urmiatherium rugosifrons</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is the only representative of its genus from
<collectingCountry id="94CF4DADC22DFF96FE0BF9960355127A" box="[387,523,1635,1660]" name="Turkey" pageId="11" pageNumber="60">Asia Minor</collectingCountry>
. Besides Şerefköy-2, the species is only known from the neighbouring site of Salihpaşalar (
<bibRefCitation id="884970CCC22DFF96FF75F95600E112BA" author="Kaya, T. &amp; Mayda, S. &amp; Kostopoulos, D. S. &amp; Alcicek, M. C. &amp; Merceron, G. &amp; Tan, A. &amp; Karakutuk, S. &amp; Giesler, A. K. &amp; Scott, R. S." box="[253,447,1699,1724]" pageId="11" pageNumber="60" pagination="5 - 12" refId="ref13529" refString="Kaya, T., Mayda, S., Kostopoulos, D. S., Alcicek, M. C., Merceron, G., Tan, A., Karakutuk, S., Giesler, A. K., and Scott, R. S. 2012. Serefkoy- 2, a new Late Miocene mammal locality from the Yatagan Formation, Mugla, SW Turkey. Comptes Rendus Palevol 11: 5 - 12." type="journal article" year="2012">Kaya et al. 2012</bibRefCitation>
) and the Turolian of Samos
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="EC670D3DC22DFF96FCE8F97804E9138B" pageId="11" pageNumber="60">
<table id="9ED8FF9DC22D0062FCB8F978049F139D" box="[816,1473,1677,1947]" gridcols="6" gridrows="6" pageId="11" pageNumber="60">
<tr id="52E80F7FC22D0062FCB8F978049F12A4" box="[816,1473,1677,1698]" gridrow="0" pageId="11" pageNumber="60">
<th id="11396603C22D0062FCB8F97802B712A4" box="[816,1001,1677,1698]" gridcol="0" gridrow="0" pageId="11" pageNumber="60">Specimen</th>
<th id="11396603C22D0062FB8AF978056012A4" box="[1026,1086,1677,1698]" gridcol="1" gridrow="0" pageId="11" pageNumber="60">Wbrc</th>
<th id="11396603C22D0062FBDDF97805C312A4" box="[1109,1181,1677,1698]" gridcol="2" gridrow="0" pageId="11" pageNumber="60">Wbi-co</th>
<th id="11396603C22D0062FB30F97805A612A4" box="[1208,1272,1677,1698]" gridcol="3" gridrow="0" pageId="11" pageNumber="60">Wptbc</th>
<th id="11396603C22D0062FA85F978040612A4" box="[1293,1368,1677,1698]" gridcol="4" gridrow="0" pageId="11" pageNumber="60">TDbase</th>
<th id="11396603C22D0062FAEEF978049F12A4" box="[1382,1473,1677,1698]" gridcol="5" gridrow="0" pageId="11" pageNumber="60">APDbase</th>
</tr>
<tr id="52E80F7FC22D0062FCB8F942049F12CA" box="[816,1473,1719,1740]" gridrow="1" pageId="11" pageNumber="60" rowspan-1="1" rowspan-4="1" rowspan-5="1">
<th id="11396603C22D0062FCB8F94202B712CA" box="[816,1001,1719,1740]" gridcol="0" gridrow="1" pageId="11" pageNumber="60">MYŞE PV-1182</th>
<td id="11396603C22D0062FBDDF94205C312CA" box="[1109,1181,1719,1740]" gridcol="2" gridrow="1" pageId="11" pageNumber="60">57.6</td>
<td id="11396603C22D0062FB30F94205A612CA" box="[1208,1272,1719,1740]" gridcol="3" gridrow="1" pageId="11" pageNumber="60">28.1</td>
</tr>
<tr id="52E80F7FC22D0062FCB8F915049F12F3" box="[816,1473,1760,1781]" gridrow="2" pageId="11" pageNumber="60" rowspan-2="1" rowspan-3="1">
<th id="11396603C22D0062FCB8F91502B712F3" box="[816,1001,1760,1781]" gridcol="0" gridrow="2" pageId="11" pageNumber="60">MYŞE PV-2504</th>
<td id="11396603C22D0062FB8AF915056012F3" box="[1026,1086,1760,1781]" gridcol="1" gridrow="2" pageId="11" pageNumber="60">72.6</td>
<td id="11396603C22D0062FA85F915040612F3" box="[1293,1368,1760,1781]" gridcol="4" gridrow="2" pageId="11" pageNumber="60">35.2</td>
<td id="11396603C22D0062FAEEF915049F12F3" box="[1382,1473,1760,1781]" gridcol="5" gridrow="2" pageId="11" pageNumber="60">48.9</td>
</tr>
<tr id="52E80F7FC22D0062FCB8F8FF049F1319" box="[816,1473,1802,1823]" gridrow="3" pageId="11" pageNumber="60" rowspan-2="1" rowspan-3="1">
<th id="11396603C22D0062FCB8F8FF02B71319" box="[816,1001,1802,1823]" gridcol="0" gridrow="3" pageId="11" pageNumber="60">MYŞE PV-2503</th>
<td id="11396603C22D0062FB8AF8FF05601319" box="[1026,1086,1802,1823]" gridcol="1" gridrow="3" pageId="11" pageNumber="60">92.7</td>
<td id="11396603C22D0062FA85F8FF04061319" box="[1293,1368,1802,1823]" gridcol="4" gridrow="3" pageId="11" pageNumber="60">~46.8</td>
<td id="11396603C22D0062FAEEF8FF049F1319" box="[1382,1473,1802,1823]" gridcol="5" gridrow="3" pageId="11" pageNumber="60">~70.8</td>
</tr>
<tr id="52E80F7FC22D0062FCB8F8DB049F1366" box="[816,1473,1838,1888]" gridrow="4" pageId="11" pageNumber="60" rowspan-4="1" rowspan-5="1">
<th id="11396603C22D0062FCB8F8DB02B71366" box="[816,1001,1838,1888]" gridcol="0" gridrow="4" pageId="11" pageNumber="60">
<taxonomicName id="2BD876BEC22DFF96FCB8F8DB02B71366" authority=", Samos" authorityName="Samos" box="[816,1001,1838,1888]" class="Mammalia" family="Bovidae" genus="Urmiatherium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Artiodactyla" pageId="11" pageNumber="60" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="rugosifrons">
<emphasis id="DEACD12FC22DFF96FCB8F8DB02C01359" box="[816,953,1838,1887]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="60">Urmiatherium rugosifrons</emphasis>
, Samos
</taxonomicName>
</th>
<td id="11396603C22D0062FB8AF8DB05601366" box="[1026,1086,1838,1888]" gridcol="1" gridrow="4" pageId="11" pageNumber="60">9596</td>
<td id="11396603C22D0062FBDDF8DB05C31366" box="[1109,1181,1838,1888]" gridcol="2" gridrow="4" pageId="11" pageNumber="60">5062</td>
<td id="11396603C22D0062FB30F8DB05A61366" box="[1208,1272,1838,1888]" gridcol="3" gridrow="4" pageId="11" pageNumber="60">2430</td>
</tr>
<tr id="52E80F7FC22D0062FCB8F89F049F139D" box="[816,1473,1898,1947]" gridrow="5" pageId="11" pageNumber="60">
<th id="11396603C22D0062FCB8F89F02B7139D" box="[816,1001,1898,1947]" gridcol="0" gridrow="5" pageId="11" pageNumber="60">
<taxonomicName id="2BD876BEC22DFF96FCB8F89F0287139D" authority=", Maragheh" authorityName="Maragheh" box="[816,985,1898,1947]" class="Mammalia" family="Bovidae" genus="Urmiatherium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Artiodactyla" pageId="11" pageNumber="60" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="polaki">
<emphasis id="DEACD12FC22DFF96FCB8F89F0232139D" box="[816,953,1898,1947]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="60">Urmiatherium polaki</emphasis>
, Maragheh
</taxonomicName>
</th>
<td id="11396603C22D0062FB8AF89F0560139D" box="[1026,1086,1898,1947]" gridcol="1" gridrow="5" pageId="11" pageNumber="60">98</td>
<td id="11396603C22D0062FBDDF89F05C3139D" box="[1109,1181,1898,1947]" gridcol="2" gridrow="5" pageId="11" pageNumber="60">7783</td>
<td id="11396603C22D0062FB30F89F05A6139D" box="[1208,1272,1898,1947]" gridcol="3" gridrow="5" pageId="11" pageNumber="60">39</td>
<td id="11396603C22D0062FA85F89F0406139D" box="[1293,1368,1898,1947]" gridcol="4" gridrow="5" pageId="11" pageNumber="60">42</td>
<td id="11396603C22D0062FAEEF89F049F139D" box="[1382,1473,1898,1947]" gridcol="5" gridrow="5" pageId="11" pageNumber="60">78130</td>
</tr>
</table>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="EC670D3DC22DFF96FFE4F93601A1135B" blockId="11.[98,771,1601,1885]" pageId="11" pageNumber="60">
e.g.,
<bibRefCitation id="884970CCC22DFF96FF2EF936000312DA" author="Solounias, N." box="[166,349,1731,1756]" pageId="11" pageNumber="60" pagination="1 - 232" refId="ref14364" refString="Solounias, N. 1981. The Turolian fauna from the island of Samos, Greece. Contribution on Vertebrate Evolution 6: 1 - 232." type="journal article" year="1981">Solounias 1981</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="884970CCC22DFF96FEE4F936031312DA" author="Kostopoulos, D. S." box="[364,589,1731,1756]" pageId="11" pageNumber="60" pagination="345 - 389" refId="ref13709" refString="Kostopoulos, D. S. 2009 a. The Late Miocene Mammal Faunas of the Mytilinii Basin, Samos Island, Greece: New Collection. 13. Bovidae. Beitrage zur Palaontologie 31: 345 - 389." type="journal article" year="2009">Kostopoulos 2009a</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="884970CCC22DFF96FDD5F93603C712DA" author="Kostopoulos, D. S." box="[605,665,1731,1756]" pageId="11" pageNumber="60" pagination="9 - 29" refId="ref13787" refString="Kostopoulos, D. S. 2014. Taxonomic re-assessment and phylogenetic relationships of Miocene homonymously spiral-horned antelopes. Acta Palaeontologica Polonica 59 (1): 9 - 29." type="journal article" year="2014">2014</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="884970CCC22DFF96FD21F936005312FA" author="Jafarzadeh, R. &amp; Kostopoulos, D. S. &amp; Daneshian, J." pageId="11" pageNumber="60" pagination="103 - 111" refId="ref13417" refString="Jafarzadeh, R., Kostopoulos, D. S., and Daneshian, J. 2011. Skull reconstruction and ecology of Urmiatherium polaki (Bovidae, Mammalia) from the upper Miocene deposits of Maragheh, Iran. Palaontologische Zeitschrift 86: 103 - 111." type="journal article" year="2011">Jafarzadeh et al. 2011</bibRefCitation>
;
<tableCitation id="A15A3886C22DFF96FE90F916003012FA" box="[280,366,1763,1788]" captionStart="Table 5" captionStartId="11.[806,859,1420,1441]" captionText="Table 5. Cranial and horn core measurements (in mm) of Urmiatherium rugosifrons from Şerefköy-2 (Turkey) compared to Urmiatherium rugosifrons from Samos (Greece) and Urmiatherium polaki from Maragheh (Iran). Data are from Kostopoulos (2009a) and Kostopoulos and Bernor (2011).APDbase, anteroposterior diameter at the base; TDbase, transverse diameter at the base; Wbi-co, bicondylar width of the skull; Wbrc, maximum width of the braincase; Wptbc, width of the skull at the posterior tuberosities of the basioccipital." pageId="11" pageNumber="60">Table 5</tableCitation>
). Other possible occurrences of the genus at Garkın, Kınık (
<collectingRegion id="2E1CC3DFC22DFF96FE08F8F10092131B" box="[384,460,1796,1821]" country="Turkey" name="Afyonkarahisar" pageId="11" pageNumber="60">Afyon</collectingRegion>
) and Kayadibi (
<collectingRegion id="2E1CC3DFC22DFF96FD03F8F10387131B" box="[651,729,1796,1821]" country="Turkey" name="Konya" pageId="11" pageNumber="60">Konya</collectingRegion>
) in mid-western
<collectingCountry id="94CF4DADC22DFF96FF7DF8D10008133B" box="[245,342,1828,1853]" name="Turkey" pageId="11" pageNumber="60">Anatolia</collectingCountry>
(
<bibRefCitation id="884970CCC22DFF96FEEDF8D100BC133B" author="Alan, N." box="[357,482,1828,1853]" pageId="11" pageNumber="60" refId="ref12346" refString="Alan, N. 1997. Cataloging Tertiary Terrestrial Fossil Mammals in the Natural History Museum of the Mineral Research and Exploration Institute of Turkey (MTA) [in Turkish]. 400 pp. Unpublished M. Sc. Thesis, University of Ankara, Ankara." type="book" year="1997">Alan 1997</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="884970CCC22DFF96FE66F8D10330133B" author="Sarac, G." box="[494,622,1828,1853]" pageId="11" pageNumber="60" refId="ref14143" refString="Sarac, G. 2003. Vertebrate fossil deposits of Turkey (in Turkish). Report No 10609 of the Mineral Research and Exploration Institute (MTA) of Turkey, Ankara. 169 pp. (unpublished)" type="book" year="2003">Saraç 2003</bibRefCitation>
) still need to be confirmed.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="EC670D3DC22DFF96FFEAF89801F013AE" blockId="11.[98,770,1901,1960]" pageId="11" pageNumber="60">
<emphasis id="DEACD12FC22DFF96FFEAF89800AC1381" box="[98,498,1901,1927]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="60">Stratigraphic and geographic range</emphasis>
.—Upper Miocene;
<collectingCountry id="94CF4DADC22DFF96FD47F89A01F413AE" name="Turkey" pageId="11" pageNumber="60">Asia Minor</collectingCountry>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>