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<document id="9BC73B3211A2B566E0C51DF919745766" ID-CLB-Dataset="22775" ID-DOI="10.3897/zookeys.21.271" ID-GBIF-Dataset="43ac2ba6-f435-4404-8ba9-e321c0396b48" ID-ISSN="13132970" ID-Zenodo-Dep="576524" ID-ZooBank="4ED41545-BCA4-4F84-B4C6-647F7DE849EB" IM.metadata_requiresApprovalFor="plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_requiresApprovalFor="plazi" checkinTime="1587960503159" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Sharkey, Michael, Yu, Dicky, van Noort, Simon, Seltmann, Katja &amp; Penev, Lyubomir" docDate="2009" docId="635D879FFFE89535A4C8FD81B8F9BAD8" docLanguage="en" docName="ZK_article_2058.pdf" docOrigin="ZooKeys 21 (2)" docStyle="DocumentStylede.uka.ipd.idaho.easyIO.settings.Settings@27f7db5a" docStyleName="zookeys.2008.journal_article" docTitle="Earinus Wesmael 1837" docType="treatment" docVersion="6" lastPageNumber="42" masterDocId="9F64FFE7FFFE9522A444FFABBA7CBB26" masterDocTitle="Revision of the Oriental genera of Agathidinae (Hymenoptera, Braconidae) with an emphasis on Thailand and interactive keys to genera published in three different formats" masterLastPageNumber="54" masterPageNumber="19" pageNumber="41" updateTime="1698836212347" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CC-BY-3.0">
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<mods:title id="88F42EB4FA49184E8338405041FFFB7A">Revision of the Oriental genera of Agathidinae (Hymenoptera, Braconidae) with an emphasis on Thailand and interactive keys to genera published in three different formats</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="6D99B2B212899284D308355E77F41EC2">Sharkey, Michael</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="5B789E602B16995AA82D15FA48E18CC1">Yu, Dicky</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="3C55ADFD509A3E0A52E3EC2FD6EB9141">University of Kentucky, Lexington ,,</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="AE03AE1F2D37D68683CC67A959485662">Seltmann, Katja</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="31C004E828FCD9D69386F50DF1E57C79">Penev, Lyubomir</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="97EF21F6C95CEC7B8A3C9C05B112CE2E">Institute of Biodiversity &amp; Ecosystem Research, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences and Pensoft Publishers, Sofia, Bulgaria</mods:affiliation>
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<paragraph id="EB4B3689FFE89534A4C8FD81BBD9B965" blockId="22.[140,421,553,580]" box="[140,421,553,580]" pageId="22" pageNumber="41">
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<taxonomicName id="2CF44D0AFFE89534A4C8FD81BBD9B965" ID-CoL="499K" ID-ENA="65187" authority="Wesmael, 1837" authorityName="Wesmael" authorityYear="1837" box="[140,421,553,580]" class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Earinus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="22" pageNumber="41" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="D980EA9BFFE89534A4C8FD81BBD9B965" bold="true" box="[140,421,553,580]" pageId="22" pageNumber="41">
<emphasis id="D980EA9BFFE89534A4C8FD81BA96B962" bold="true" box="[140,234,554,580]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="41">Earinus</emphasis>
Wesmael, 1837
</emphasis>
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<subSubSection id="A3EE6502FFE89534A4C8FDDAB8E6B9AC" box="[140,666,624,651]" pageId="22" pageNumber="41" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="EB4B3689FFE89534A4C8FDDAB8E6B9AC" blockId="22.[140,1108,624,792]" box="[140,666,624,651]" pageId="22" pageNumber="41">
<typeStatus id="344F882BFFE89534A4C8FDDABABFB9AD" box="[140,195,625,651]" pageId="22" pageNumber="41">Type</typeStatus>
species:
<taxonomicName id="2CF44D0AFFE89534A562FDDBB8EAB9AC" authority="Wesmael, 1837" authorityName="Wesmael" authorityYear="1837" box="[294,662,624,650]" class="Bryopsida" family="Dicranaceae" genus="Microdus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dicranales" pageId="22" pageNumber="41" phylum="Bryophyta" rank="species" species="delusor">
<emphasis id="D980EA9BFFE89534A562FDDBBBA1B9AC" box="[294,477,624,650]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="41">Microdus delusor</emphasis>
Wesmael, 1837
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="EB4B3689FFE89534A4C8FD3FBE28B831" blockId="22.[140,1108,624,792]" pageId="22" pageNumber="41">
<taxonomicName id="2CF44D0AFFE89534A4C8FD3FBBD9B98B" ID-CoL="8HHHK" authority="Forster, 1862" authorityName="Forster" authorityYear="1862" box="[140,421,659,686]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Diatmetus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="22" pageNumber="41" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="D980EA9BFFE89534A4C8FD3FBA81B98B" box="[140,253,660,685]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="41">Diatmetus</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="8F654B78FFE89534A54DFD3FBBD9B98B" author="Forster A" box="[265,421,659,686]" pageId="22" pageNumber="41" pagination="225 - 288" refId="ref9753" refString="Forster A (1862) Synopsis der Familien und Gattungen der Braconiden. Verhandlungen des Naturhistorischen Vereins der Preussischen Rheinlande und Westfalens 19: 225 - 288." type="journal article" year="1862">Förster, 1862</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, first synonymized by
<bibRefCitation id="8F654B78FFE89534A6F7FD38B90BB988" author="Szepligeti G" box="[691,887,659,686]" pageId="22" pageNumber="41" pagination="1 - 253" refId="ref10893" refString="Szepligeti G (1904) Hymenoptera Fam. Braconidae. Genera Insectorum 22: 1 - 253." type="journal article" year="1904">Szépligeti (1904)</bibRefCitation>
and confirmed by
<bibRefCitation id="8F654B78FFE89534A4FDFD1CBBECB9F7" author="Muesebeck CFW" box="[185,400,695,721]" pageId="22" pageNumber="41" pagination="1 - 73" refId="ref9945" refString="Muesebeck CFW (1927) A revision of the parasitic wasps of the subfamily Braconinae occurring in America north of Mexico. Proceedings of the United States National Museum 69 (2642): 1 - 73." type="journal article" year="1927">Muesebeck (1927)</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="8F654B78FFE89534A5D8FD1CB819B9F7" author="Watanabe C" box="[412,613,695,721]" pageId="22" pageNumber="41" pagination="1 - 188" refId="ref11313" refString="Watanabe C (1937) A contribution to the knowledge of the Braconid fauna of the Empire of Japan. Journal of the Faculty of Agriculture, Hokkaido (Imp) University 42: 1 - 188." type="journal article" year="1937">Watanabe (1937)</bibRefCitation>
, Mueseback and Walkley (1951),
<bibRefCitation id="8F654B78FFE89534A7AFFD1CBB76B9D2" author="Shenefelt RD" pageId="22" pageNumber="41" pagination="307 - 428" refId="ref10726" refString="Shenefelt RD (1970) Braconidae 3 Agathidinae. Hymenopterorum Catalogus (nova editio) pars 6 pp 307 - 428." type="book chapter" year="1970">Shenefelt (1970)</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="8F654B78FFE89534A55CFD71B852B9D2" author="Gupta VK &amp; Bhat S" box="[280,558,730,756]" pageId="22" pageNumber="41" pagination="219 - 232" refId="ref9781" refString="Gupta VK, Bhat S (1974) Th e oriental species of Earinus and Camptothlipsis (Hymenoptera: Braconidae). Oriental Insects 8 (2): 219 - 232." type="journal article" year="1974">Gupta and Bhat (1974)</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="8F654B78FFE89534A679FD71B92FB9D2" author="Bhat S &amp; Gupta VK" box="[573,851,730,756]" pageId="22" pageNumber="41" pagination="1 - 353" refId="ref9322" refString="Bhat S, Gupta VK (1977) Th e subfamily Agathidinae (Hymenoptera, Braconidae). Ichneumonologia Orientalis 6 Oriental Insects Monograph 6: 1 - 353." type="journal article" year="1977">Bhat and Gupta (1977)</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="8F654B78FFE89534A725FD71BE78B9D2" author="Marsh PM" box="[865,1028,730,756]" pageId="22" pageNumber="41" pagination="144 - 313" refId="ref9865" refString="Marsh PM (1979) Braconidae Aphidiidae Hybrizontidae. In: Krombein KV, Hurd Jr PD, Smith DR and Burks BD &quot; Catalog of Hymenoptera in America north of Mexico &quot; Smithsonian Institution Press Washington, pp 144 - 313." type="book chapter" year="1979">Marsh (1979)</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="8F654B78FFE89534A057FD71BBEAB831" author="Chou LY &amp; Sharkey MJ" pageId="22" pageNumber="41" pagination="147 - 223" refId="ref9469" refString="Chou LY, Sharkey MJ (1989) Th e Braconidae (Hymenoptera) of Taiwan 1 Agathidinae. Journal of Taiwan Museum 42 (1): 147 - 223." type="journal article" year="1989">Chou and Sharkey (1989)</bibRefCitation>
and
<bibRefCitation id="8F654B78FFE89534A589FD55B823B831" author="Braet Y" box="[461,607,765,792]" pageId="22" pageNumber="41" pagination="41 - 51" refId="ref9394" refString="Braet Y (2002) Contribution to the knowledge of Agathidinae (Hymenoptera Braconidae) from French Guiana with description of two new species of Earinus Wesmael, 1837. Belgian Journal of Entomology 4 (1): 41 - 51." type="journal article" year="2002">Braet (2002)</bibRefCitation>
.
<typeStatus id="344F882BFFE89534A62CFD55B8E3B83E" box="[616,671,766,792]" pageId="22" pageNumber="41">Type</typeStatus>
species:
<taxonomicName id="2CF44D0AFFE89534A744FD56BE33B831" authority="Nees, 1812" authorityName="Nees" authorityYear="1812" box="[768,1103,765,792]" class="Bryopsida" family="Dicranaceae" genus="Microdus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dicranales" pageId="22" pageNumber="41" phylum="Bryophyta" rank="species" species="gloriator">
<emphasis id="D980EA9BFFE89534A744FD56B9BBB831" box="[768,967,765,791]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="41">Microdus gloriator</emphasis>
Nees, 1812
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="A3EE6502FFE89535A4C8FCE8B8A0BA6B" lastPageId="23" lastPageNumber="42" pageId="22" pageNumber="41" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="EB4B3689FFE89535A4C8FCE8BB84BBC2" blockId="22.[140,1107,835,897]" lastBlockId="23.[140,1108,167,510]" lastPageId="23" lastPageNumber="42" pageId="22" pageNumber="41">
<emphasis id="D980EA9BFFE89534A4C8FCE8BB57B87B" bold="true" box="[140,299,835,861]" pageId="22" pageNumber="41">Distribution:</emphasis>
Holarctic, Oriental, austral region of South America, especially diverse in cold temperate areas. Species described from
<collectingCountry id="93E37619FFE89534A6EEFCCCB894B8A7" box="[682,744,871,897]" name="Chile" pageId="22" pageNumber="41">Chile</collectingCountry>
as
<taxonomicName id="2CF44D0AFFE89534A749FCCCB91DB8A6" authorityName="Wesmael" authorityYear="1837" box="[781,865,871,896]" class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Earinus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="22" pageNumber="41" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="D980EA9BFFE89534A749FCCCB91DB8A6" box="[781,865,871,896]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="41">Earinus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
are sister to the Hol- arctic and Oriental clade (
<bibRefCitation id="8F654B78FFE99535A5E9FF0CB8F5BBE4" author="Sharkey MJ &amp; Laurenne NM &amp; Sharanowski B &amp; Quicke DLJ &amp; Murray D" box="[429,649,167,194]" pageId="23" pageNumber="42" pagination="546 - 567" refId="ref10644" refString="Sharkey MJ, Laurenne NM, Sharanowski B, Quicke DLJ, Murray D (2006) Revision of the Agathidinae (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) with comparisons of static and dynamic alignments. Cladistics 22 (6): 546 - 567." type="journal article" year="2006">Sharkey et al. 2006</bibRefCitation>
). Th ere are no records from
<collectingCountry id="93E37619FFE99535A786FF0CBE5ABBE7" box="[962,1062,167,193]" name="Thailand" pageId="23" pageNumber="42">Thailand</collectingCountry>
but we have captured one specimen.
</paragraph>
<caption id="BF8B6601FFE89534A4C8F9C1B817BDA6" box="[140,619,1642,1664]" pageId="22" pageNumber="41">
<paragraph id="EB4B3689FFE89534A4C8F9C1B817BDA6" blockId="22.[140,619,1642,1664]" box="[140,619,1642,1664]" pageId="22" pageNumber="41">
<emphasis id="D980EA9BFFE89534A4C8F9C1BA88BDA6" bold="true" box="[140,244,1642,1664]" pageId="22" pageNumber="41">Figure 26</emphasis>
.
<taxonomicName id="2CF44D0AFFE89534A545F9C0BB3ABDA6" authorityName="Wesmael" authorityYear="1837" box="[257,326,1643,1664]" class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Earinus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="22" pageNumber="41" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="D980EA9BFFE89534A545F9C0BB3ABDA6" box="[257,326,1643,1664]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="41">Earinus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp.
<emphasis id="D980EA9BFFE89534A52FF9C1BB04BDA6" bold="true" box="[363,376,1642,1664]" pageId="22" pageNumber="41">a</emphasis>
lateral habitus
<emphasis id="D980EA9BFFE89534A642F9C1B868BDA6" bold="true" box="[518,532,1642,1664]" pageId="22" pageNumber="41">b</emphasis>
forewing
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="EB4B3689FFE99535A4FDFF46B8A0BA6B" blockId="23.[140,1108,167,510]" pageId="23" pageNumber="42">
<emphasis id="D980EA9BFFE99535A4FDFF46BB52BA21" bold="true" box="[185,302,237,263]" pageId="23" pageNumber="42">
<emphasis id="D980EA9BFFE99535A4FDFF46BB55BA21" box="[185,297,237,263]" inLineHeading="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="42" reason="1">Diversity</emphasis>
:
</emphasis>
15 species are described world-wide, and 3 from the
<collectingRegion id="2930F86BFFE99535A7D8FF46BE2CBA21" box="[924,1104,237,263]" country="Egypt" name="Ash Sharqiyah" pageId="23" pageNumber="42">Oriental region</collectingRegion>
.
<bibRefCitation id="8F654B78FFE99535A4C8FEBBBBEBBA0C" author="Bhat S &amp; Gupta VK" box="[140,407,272,298]" pageId="23" pageNumber="42" pagination="1 - 353" refId="ref9322" refString="Bhat S, Gupta VK (1977) Th e subfamily Agathidinae (Hymenoptera, Braconidae). Ichneumonologia Orientalis 6 Oriental Insects Monograph 6: 1 - 353." type="journal article" year="1977">Bhat and Gupta (1977)</bibRefCitation>
recorded only one species from the
<collectingRegion id="2930F86BFFE99535A76AFEBBB99CBA0C" box="[814,992,272,298]" country="Egypt" name="Ash Sharqiyah" pageId="23" pageNumber="42">Oriental region</collectingRegion>
. There are many undescribed species in Austral South America.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="A3EE6502FFE99535A4FDFEFDBBEBBA9E" pageId="23" pageNumber="42" type="biology_ecology">
<paragraph id="EB4B3689FFE99535A4FDFEFDB909BA57" blockId="23.[140,1108,167,510]" box="[185,885,342,369]" pageId="23" pageNumber="42">
<emphasis id="D980EA9BFFE99535A4FDFEFDBB62BA56" bold="true" box="[185,286,342,368]" pageId="23" pageNumber="42">
<emphasis id="D980EA9BFFE99535A4FDFEFDBB64BA56" box="[185,280,342,368]" inLineHeading="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="42" reason="1">Biology</emphasis>
:
</emphasis>
Most host records are on
<taxonomicName id="2CF44D0AFFE99535A600FEFCB8C6BA57" box="[580,698,343,369]" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="23" pageNumber="42" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Noctuidae</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="2CF44D0AFFE99535A6B5FEFCB90DBA57" box="[753,881,343,369]" class="Insecta" family="Tortricidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="23" pageNumber="42" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Tortricidae</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="EB4B3689FFE99535A4FDFED2BBEBBA9E" blockId="23.[140,1108,167,510]" pageId="23" pageNumber="42">
<emphasis id="D980EA9BFFE99535A4FDFED2BB84BAB5" bold="true" box="[185,504,377,403]" pageId="23" pageNumber="42">
<emphasis id="D980EA9BFFE99535A4FDFED2BB28BAB5" box="[185,340,377,403]" inLineHeading="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="42" reason="1">Phylogenetic</emphasis>
Information.
</emphasis>
Sister to all other
<taxonomicName id="2CF44D0AFFE99535A68AFED1B956BAB2" authorityName="Sharkey" authorityYear="1992" box="[718,810,378,404]" class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="23" pageNumber="42" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Earinini">Earinini</taxonomicName>
(
<bibRefCitation id="8F654B78FFE99535A77EFED1BE60BAB2" author="Sharkey MJ &amp; Laurenne NM &amp; Sharanowski B &amp; Quicke DLJ &amp; Murray D" box="[826,1052,378,404]" pageId="23" pageNumber="42" pagination="546 - 567" refId="ref10644" refString="Sharkey MJ, Laurenne NM, Sharanowski B, Quicke DLJ, Murray D (2006) Revision of the Agathidinae (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) with comparisons of static and dynamic alignments. Cladistics 22 (6): 546 - 567." type="journal article" year="2006">Sharkey et al. 2006</bibRefCitation>
; and new unpublished data).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="A3EE6502FFE99535A4FDFE6BB8F9BAD8" pageId="23" pageNumber="42" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="EB4B3689FFE99535A4FDFE6BB8F9BAD8" blockId="23.[140,1108,167,510]" pageId="23" pageNumber="42">
<emphasis id="D980EA9BFFE99535A4FDFE6BBB44BAFC" bold="true" box="[185,312,448,474]" pageId="23" pageNumber="42">
<emphasis id="D980EA9BFFE99535A4FDFE6BBB4FBAFC" box="[185,307,448,474]" inLineHeading="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="42" reason="1">Diagnosis</emphasis>
:
</emphasis>
This is the only agathidine genus in the
<collectingRegion id="2930F86BFFE99535A754FE6BB9C3BAFC" box="[784,959,448,474]" country="Egypt" name="Ash Sharqiyah" pageId="23" pageNumber="42">Oriental region</collectingRegion>
with a complete
<collectingRegion id="2930F86BFFE99535A48DFE4FBA97BAD8" box="[201,235,484,510]" country="Bulgaria" name="Ruse" pageId="23" pageNumber="42">RS</collectingRegion>
+M vein in the fore wing (
<figureCitation id="73CF2A0CFFE99535A651FE48B805BAD8" box="[533,633,483,510]" captionStart="Figure 26" captionStartId="22.[140,212,1642,1664]" captionText="Figure 26. Earinus sp. a lateral habitus b forewing" pageId="23" pageNumber="42">Fig. 26b</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>