treatments-xml/data/63/05/A3/6305A3AA5CF05A2CAED4682F2331F5B4.xml

<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.986.56276" ID-GBIF-Dataset="b2e2aca7-d96d-4fb3-8d67-bb0a1adcb9e3" ID-PMC="PMC7661483" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1313-2970-986-1" ID-Pensoft-UUID="2A3CD185EDDF52BDB0AD1E5DA924299B" ID-PubMed="33223879" ID-ZooBank="CDFA38CA1B6F424D85246B540E63E954" ModsDocID="1313-2970-986-1" checkinTime="1604647765603" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Hrivniak, Ľubos, Sroka, Pavel, Bojkova, Jindriska &amp; Godunko, Roman J." docDate="2020" docId="6305A3AA5CF05A2CAED4682F2331F5B4" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 986: 1-53" docOrigin="ZooKeys 986" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.986.56276" docTitle="Epeorus (Caucasiron) iranicus" docType="treatment" docVersion="4" id="2A3CD185EDDF52BDB0AD1E5DA924299B" lastPageNumber="1" masterDocId="2A3CD185EDDF52BDB0AD1E5DA924299B" masterDocTitle="Identification guide to larvae of Caucasian Epeorus (Caucasiron) (Ephemeroptera, Heptageniidae)" masterLastPageNumber="53" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="1" updateTime="1668169768372" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:title>Identification guide to larvae of Caucasian Epeorus (Caucasiron) (Ephemeroptera, Heptageniidae)</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Hrivniak, Ľubos</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation>Biology Centre of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Institute of Entomology, Branisovska 31, 37005 Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic &amp; Faculty of Sciences, University of South Bohemia, Branisovska 31, 37005 Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic</mods:affiliation>
<mods:nameIdentifier type="email">lubos.hrivniak@gmail.com</mods:nameIdentifier>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Sroka, Pavel</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation>Biology Centre of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Institute of Entomology, Branisovska 31, 37005 Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic</mods:affiliation>
<mods:nameIdentifier type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4367-6564</mods:nameIdentifier>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Bojkova, Jindriska</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation>Department of Botany and Zoology, Masaryk University, Kotlarska 2, 61137 Brno, Czech Republic</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Godunko, Roman J.</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation>Biology Centre of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Institute of Entomology, Branisovska 31, 37005 Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic &amp; Department of Invertebrate Zoology and Hydrobiology, University of Lodz, Banacha 12 / 16, 90237 Lodz, Poland</mods:affiliation>
<mods:nameIdentifier type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2196-3327</mods:nameIdentifier>
<mods:nameIdentifier type="email">godunko@seznam.cz</mods:nameIdentifier>
</mods:name>
<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:titleInfo>
<mods:title>ZooKeys</mods:title>
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<mods:part>
<mods:date>2020</mods:date>
<mods:detail type="volume">
<mods:number>986</mods:number>
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<mods:start>1</mods:start>
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<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.986.56276</mods:url>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.986.56276</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1313-2970-986-1</mods:identifier>
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<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="168815728" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:6305A3AA5CF05A2CAED4682F2331F5B4" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/6305A3AA5CF05A2CAED4682F2331F5B4" lastPageNumber="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<taxonomicName LSID="6305A3AA-5CF0-5A2C-AED4-682F2331F5B4" authority="(Braasch &amp; Soldan, 1979)" baseAuthorityName="Braasch &amp; Soldan" baseAuthorityYear="1979" class="Insecta" family="Heptageniidae" genus="Epeorus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Epeorus (Caucasiron) iranicus" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="iranicus" subGenus="Caucasiron">
Epeorus (Caucasiron) iranicus (Braasch &amp; 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Soldán">Soldan</normalizedToken>
, 1979)
</taxonomicName>
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 21" captionStartId="F21" captionText="Figure 21. Geographical (left) and vertical (right) distribution of Epeorus (Caucasiron) iranicus." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.986.56276.figure21" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/471943" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Figs 21</figureCitation>
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 22" captionStartId="F22" captionText="Figure 22. Epeorus (Caucasiron) iranicus, larva: A habitus in dorsal view B habitus in ventral view C habitus in lateral view D head of male in dorsal view E head of female in dorsal view F middle leg in dorsal view G, H abdominal terga (arrows point antero-lateral stripes of medial macula) I, J abdominal sterna II-VI K gills VII (in natural position from ventral view)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.986.56276.figure22" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/471944" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">, 22</figureCitation>
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 23" captionStartId="F23" captionText="Figure 23. Epeorus (Caucasiron) iranicus, larva: A labrum (left half in dorsal view right half in ventral view) B incisors of left mandible C incisors of right mandible D setae on dorsal surface of femora E surface and posterior margin of abdominal tergum VII F gill I G gill III H gill VII (flattened on slide) I gill VII (in natural position from ventral view) J sternum IX of female K, L abdominal segments VIII-X in lateral view (arrow points on postero-lateral projection)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.986.56276.figure23" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/471945" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">, 23</figureCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="reference_group">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Heptageniidae" genus="Iron" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Iron caucasicus subsp. iranicus" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="caucasicus" subSpecies="iranicus">Iron caucasicus iranicus</taxonomicName>
Braasch &amp; 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Soldán">Soldan</normalizedToken>
, 1979
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Braasch &amp; Soldan" baseAuthorityYear="1979" class="Insecta" family="Heptageniidae" genus="Epeorus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Epeorus (Caucasiron) caucasicus subsp. iranicus" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="caucasicus" subGenus="Caucasiron" subSpecies="iranicus">Epeorus (Caucasiron) caucasicus iranicus</taxonomicName>
(Braasch &amp; 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Soldán">Soldan</normalizedToken>
, 1979); in 
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.749.24104" author="Bojkova, J" journalOrPublisher="ZooKeys" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="87 - 123" refId="B5" refString="Bojkova, J, Sroka, P, Soldan, T, Namin, JI, Staniczek, AH, Polasek, M, Hrivniak, Ľ, Abdoli, A, Godunko, RJ, 2018. Initial commented checklist of Iranian mayflies, with new area records and description of Procloeon caspicum sp. n. (Insecta, Ephemeroptera, Baetidae). ZooKeys 749: 87 - 123, DOI: https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.749.24104" title="Initial commented checklist of Iranian mayflies, with new area records and description of Procloeon caspicum sp. n. (Insecta, Ephemeroptera, Baetidae)." url="https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.749.24104" volume="749" year="2018">
<normalizedToken originalValue="Bojková">Bojkova</normalizedToken>
et al. (2018)
</bibRefCitation>
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Braasch &amp; Soldan" baseAuthorityYear="1979" class="Insecta" family="Heptageniidae" genus="Epeorus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Epeorus (Caucasiron) iranicus" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="iranicus" subGenus="Caucasiron">Epeorus (Caucasiron) iranicus</taxonomicName>
(Braasch &amp; 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Soldán">Soldan</normalizedToken>
, 1979); in 
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ympev.2020.106735" author="Hrivniak, Ľ" journalOrPublisher="ZooKeys" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" refId="B22" refString="Hrivniak, Ľ, Sroka, P, Bojkova, J, Godunko, RJ, Soldan, T, Staniczek, AH, 2020b. The impact of Miocene orogeny for the diversification of Caucasian Epeorus (Caucasiron) mayflies (Ephemeroptera: Heptageniidae). Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 146: 106735. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ympev.2020.106735" title="The impact of Miocene orogeny for the diversification of Caucasian Epeorus (Caucasiron) mayflies (Ephemeroptera: Heptageniidae). Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 146: 106735." url="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ympev.2020.106735" year="2020 b">Hrivniak et al. (2020b)</bibRefCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="type locality">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Type locality.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Iran, Tehran Province, river in the Darban-Tal (Darban Valley), 2100 m a.s.l.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="distribution">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Distribution.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
Northern Iran. Species endemic to the Alborz Mountains (Fig. 
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 21" captionStartId="F21" captionText="Figure 21. Geographical (left) and vertical (right) distribution of Epeorus (Caucasiron) iranicus." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.986.56276.figure21" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/471943" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">21</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="habitat">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Habitat.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
Larvae inhabit streams at altitudes above 2000 m a.s.l. in the western and central Alborz. Altitudinal range of sampling sites 2020-2440 m a.s.l. (Fig. 
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 21" captionStartId="F21" captionText="Figure 21. Geographical (left) and vertical (right) distribution of Epeorus (Caucasiron) iranicus." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.986.56276.figure21" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/471943" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">21</figureCitation>
). Often syntopic with 
<taxonomicName lsidName="E. (C.) alborzicus" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="alborzicus" subGenus="C.">E. (C.) alborzicus</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="main morphological diagnostics of larvae">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Main morphological diagnostics of larvae.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
(i) abdominal sterna II-VI with a pair of oblique stripes; nerve ganglia often with stripes or spots (Fig. 
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 22" captionStartId="F22" captionText="Figure 22. Epeorus (Caucasiron) iranicus, larva: A habitus in dorsal view B habitus in ventral view C habitus in lateral view D head of male in dorsal view E head of female in dorsal view F middle leg in dorsal view G, H abdominal terga (arrows point antero-lateral stripes of medial macula) I, J abdominal sterna II-VI K gills VII (in natural position from ventral view)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.986.56276.figure22" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/471944" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">22B, I, J</figureCitation>
); (ii) abdominal terga V-VII with stripe-like medial macula and a pair of distinct antero-lateral stripes (Fig. 
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 22" captionStartId="F22" captionText="Figure 22. Epeorus (Caucasiron) iranicus, larva: A habitus in dorsal view B habitus in ventral view C habitus in lateral view D head of male in dorsal view E head of female in dorsal view F middle leg in dorsal view G, H abdominal terga (arrows point antero-lateral stripes of medial macula) I, J abdominal sterna II-VI K gills VII (in natural position from ventral view)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.986.56276.figure22" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/471944" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">22G</figureCitation>
, arrows); (iii) femora with rounded medial hypodermal spot (Fig. 
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 22" captionStartId="F22" captionText="Figure 22. Epeorus (Caucasiron) iranicus, larva: A habitus in dorsal view B habitus in ventral view C habitus in lateral view D head of male in dorsal view E head of female in dorsal view F middle leg in dorsal view G, H abdominal terga (arrows point antero-lateral stripes of medial macula) I, J abdominal sterna II-VI K gills VII (in natural position from ventral view)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.986.56276.figure22" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/471944" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">22F</figureCitation>
); (iv) gill III with well-developed projection (Fig. 
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 23" captionStartId="F23" captionText="Figure 23. Epeorus (Caucasiron) iranicus, larva: A labrum (left half in dorsal view right half in ventral view) B incisors of left mandible C incisors of right mandible D setae on dorsal surface of femora E surface and posterior margin of abdominal tergum VII F gill I G gill III H gill VII (flattened on slide) I gill VII (in natural position from ventral view) J sternum IX of female K, L abdominal segments VIII-X in lateral view (arrow points on postero-lateral projection)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.986.56276.figure23" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/471945" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">23G</figureCitation>
); (v) setae on abdominal terga hair-like (Fig. 
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 23" captionStartId="F23" captionText="Figure 23. Epeorus (Caucasiron) iranicus, larva: A labrum (left half in dorsal view right half in ventral view) B incisors of left mandible C incisors of right mandible D setae on dorsal surface of femora E surface and posterior margin of abdominal tergum VII F gill I G gill III H gill VII (flattened on slide) I gill VII (in natural position from ventral view) J sternum IX of female K, L abdominal segments VIII-X in lateral view (arrow points on postero-lateral projection)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.986.56276.figure23" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/471945" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">23E</figureCitation>
); (vi) tergum X with poorly developed postero-lateral projections (Fig. 
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 23" captionStartId="F23" captionText="Figure 23. Epeorus (Caucasiron) iranicus, larva: A labrum (left half in dorsal view right half in ventral view) B incisors of left mandible C incisors of right mandible D setae on dorsal surface of femora E surface and posterior margin of abdominal tergum VII F gill I G gill III H gill VII (flattened on slide) I gill VII (in natural position from ventral view) J sternum IX of female K, L abdominal segments VIII-X in lateral view (arrow points on postero-lateral projection)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.986.56276.figure23" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/471945" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">23K</figureCitation>
, arrow) or without postero-lateral projections (Fig. 
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 23" captionStartId="F23" captionText="Figure 23. Epeorus (Caucasiron) iranicus, larva: A labrum (left half in dorsal view right half in ventral view) B incisors of left mandible C incisors of right mandible D setae on dorsal surface of femora E surface and posterior margin of abdominal tergum VII F gill I G gill III H gill VII (flattened on slide) I gill VII (in natural position from ventral view) J sternum IX of female K, L abdominal segments VIII-X in lateral view (arrow points on postero-lateral projection)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.986.56276.figure23" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/471945" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">23L</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="remarks">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Remarks.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Morphology</emphasis>
.
</emphasis>
Coloration pattern on abdominal sterna as in 
<taxonomicName lsidName="E. (C.) caucasicus" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="caucasicus" subGenus="C.">E. (C.) caucasicus</taxonomicName>
(Fig. 
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figure 4. Epeorus (Caucasiron) caucasicus, larva: A habitus in dorsal view B habitus in ventral view C habitus in lateral view D head of male in dorsal view E head of female in dorsal view F-H middle leg in dorsal view I abdominal terga (arrow points on medial macula) J abdominal sterna II-VI K, L gills VII (in natural position from ventral view)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.986.56276.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/471925" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">4J</figureCitation>
), similar pattern in 
<taxonomicName lsidName="E. (C.) zagrosicus" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="zagrosicus" subGenus="C.">E. (C.) zagrosicus</taxonomicName>
(Fig. 
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 46" captionStartId="F46" captionText="Figure 46. Epeorus (Caucasiron) zagrosicus, larva: A habitus in dorsal view B habitus in ventral view C habitus in lateral view D head of male in dorsal view E head of female in dorsal view F middle leg in dorsal view G, H abdominal terga (arrows point on dorso-posteriorly extended lateral stripes) I abdominal sterna II-VI J, K gills VII (in natural position from ventral view)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.986.56276.figure46" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/471969" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">46I</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Taxonomy</emphasis>
.
</emphasis>
This species was described as a subspecies of 
<taxonomicName lsidName="E. (C.) caucasicus" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="caucasicus" subGenus="C.">E. (C.) caucasicus</taxonomicName>
based on larvae collected in the Alborz Mts. (
<bibRefCitation author="Braasch, D" journalOrPublisher="Reichenbachia" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="261 - 272" refId="B12" refString="Braasch, D, Soldan, T, 1979. Neue Heptageniidae aus Asien (Ephemeroptera). Reichenbachia 17: 261 - 272" title="Neue Heptageniidae aus Asien (Ephemeroptera)." volume="17" year="1979">
Braasch and 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Soldán">Soldan</normalizedToken>
1979
</bibRefCitation>
). Elevated to species level by 
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ympev.2020.106735" author="Hrivniak, Ľ" journalOrPublisher="ZooKeys" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" refId="B22" refString="Hrivniak, Ľ, Sroka, P, Bojkova, J, Godunko, RJ, Soldan, T, Staniczek, AH, 2020b. The impact of Miocene orogeny for the diversification of Caucasian Epeorus (Caucasiron) mayflies (Ephemeroptera: Heptageniidae). Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 146: 106735. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ympev.2020.106735" title="The impact of Miocene orogeny for the diversification of Caucasian Epeorus (Caucasiron) mayflies (Ephemeroptera: Heptageniidae). Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 146: 106735." url="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ympev.2020.106735" year="2020 b">Hrivniak et al. (2020b)</bibRefCitation>
based on a phylogenetic analysis of all Caucasian 
<taxonomicName authority="" class="Insecta" family="Heptageniidae" genus="Epeorus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Epeorus (Caucasiron)" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subGenus" subGenus="Caucasiron">Epeorus (Caucasiron)</taxonomicName>
species. The holotype probably lost. Paratypes are currently deposited in SMNS and Biology Centre of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Institute of Entomology, 
<normalizedToken originalValue="České">Ceske</normalizedToken>
<normalizedToken originalValue="Budějovice">Budejovice</normalizedToken>
, Czech Republic (IECA). Imagines and subimagines not described.
</paragraph>
<caption doi="10.3897/zookeys.986.56276.figure21" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/471943" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" start="Figure 21" startId="F21">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Figure 21.</emphasis>
Geographical (left) and vertical (right) distribution of 
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Braasch &amp; Soldan" baseAuthorityYear="1979" class="Insecta" family="Heptageniidae" genus="Epeorus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Epeorus (Caucasiron) iranicus" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="iranicus" subGenus="Caucasiron">Epeorus (Caucasiron) iranicus</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption doi="10.3897/zookeys.986.56276.figure22" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/471944" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" start="Figure 22" startId="F22">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Figure 22.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Braasch &amp; Soldan" baseAuthorityYear="1979" class="Insecta" family="Heptageniidae" genus="Epeorus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Epeorus (Caucasiron) iranicus" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="iranicus" subGenus="Caucasiron">Epeorus (Caucasiron) iranicus</taxonomicName>
, larva: 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">A</emphasis>
habitus in dorsal view 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">B</emphasis>
habitus in ventral view 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">C</emphasis>
habitus in lateral view 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">D</emphasis>
head of male in dorsal view 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">E</emphasis>
head of female in dorsal view 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">F</emphasis>
middle leg in dorsal view 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">G, H</emphasis>
abdominal terga (arrows point antero-lateral stripes of medial macula) 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">I, J</emphasis>
abdominal sterna II-VI 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">K</emphasis>
gills VII (in natural position from ventral view).
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption doi="10.3897/zookeys.986.56276.figure23" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/471945" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" start="Figure 23" startId="F23">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Figure 23.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Braasch &amp; Soldan" baseAuthorityYear="1979" class="Insecta" family="Heptageniidae" genus="Epeorus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Epeorus (Caucasiron) iranicus" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="iranicus" subGenus="Caucasiron">Epeorus (Caucasiron) iranicus</taxonomicName>
, larva: 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">A</emphasis>
labrum (left half in dorsal view right half in ventral view) 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">B</emphasis>
incisors of left mandible 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">C</emphasis>
incisors of right mandible 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">D</emphasis>
setae on dorsal surface of femora 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">E</emphasis>
surface and posterior margin of abdominal tergum VII 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">F</emphasis>
gill I 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">G</emphasis>
gill III 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">H</emphasis>
gill VII (flattened on slide) 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">I</emphasis>
gill VII (in natural position from ventral view) 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">J</emphasis>
sternum IX of female 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">K, L</emphasis>
abdominal segments VIII-X in lateral view (arrow points on postero-lateral projection).
</paragraph>
</caption>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>