331 lines
34 KiB
XML
331 lines
34 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.572.6763" ID-GBIF-Dataset="7bc74f6c-9c78-4555-b41b-f9ac509b5033" ID-PMC="PMC4843985" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1313-2970-572-23" ID-PubMed="28050158" ID-ZBK="7FA6474ACE384E51B9448C8D044C1A34" ModsDocAuthor="" ModsDocDate="2016" ModsDocID="1313-2970-572-23" ModsDocOrigin="ZooKeys 572" ModsDocTitle="A contribution to the knowledge of the mountain entomofauna of Mexico with a description of two new species of Onthophagus Latreille, 1802 (Coleoptera, Scarabaeidae, Scarabaeinae)" checkinTime="1458099475729" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Moctezuma, Victor, Rossini, Michele, Zunino, Mario & Halffter, Gonzalo" docDate="2016" docId="50BA4DB92095895AF877F2711BA4695F" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 572: 23-50" docOrigin="ZooKeys 572" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.572.6763" docTitle="Onthophagus clavijeroi Moctezuma, Rossini & Zunino, sp. n." docType="treatment" docUuid="74F35DE3-6094-48F3-948E-F0BB7992EA1D" docUuidSource="ZooBank" docVersion="5" lastPageNumber="34" masterDocId="FF979F50AC3FFFD7436EBC76FFB2FFE6" masterDocTitle="A contribution to the knowledge of the mountain entomofauna of Mexico with a description of two new species of Onthophagus Latreille, 1802 (Coleoptera, Scarabaeidae, Scarabaeinae)" masterLastPageNumber="50" masterPageNumber="23" pageNumber="27" updateTime="1668162808883" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>A contribution to the knowledge of the mountain entomofauna of Mexico with a description of two new species of Onthophagus Latreille, 1802 (Coleoptera, Scarabaeidae, Scarabaeinae)</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Moctezuma, Victor</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Rossini, Michele</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Zunino, Mario</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Halffter, Gonzalo</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:relatedItem type="host">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>ZooKeys</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part>
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<mods:date>2016</mods:date>
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<mods:detail type="volume">
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<mods:number>572</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:extent unit="page">
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<mods:start>23</mods:start>
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<mods:end>50</mods:end>
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</mods:extent>
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</mods:part>
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</mods:relatedItem>
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<mods:location>
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<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.572.6763</mods:url>
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</mods:location>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.572.6763</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1313-2970-572-23</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="ZBK">7FA6474ACE384E51B9448C8D044C1A34</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="ZooBank">7FA6474ACE384E51B9448C8D044C1A34</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="127879207" LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:74F35DE3-6094-48F3-948E-F0BB7992EA1D" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/50BA4DB92095895AF877F2711BA4695F" lastPageId="11" lastPageNumber="34" pageId="4" pageNumber="27">
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<subSubSection pageId="4" pageNumber="27" type="multiple">
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<paragraph pageId="4" pageNumber="27">Taxon classification Animalia Coleoptera Scarabaeidae</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="4" pageNumber="27" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph pageId="4" pageNumber="27">
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<taxonomicName LSID="http://zoobank.org/74F35DE3-6094-48F3-948E-F0BB7992EA1D" authority="Moctezuma, Rossini & Zunino" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Onthophagus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Onthophagus clavijeroi" order="Coleoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="27" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="clavijeroi">Onthophagus clavijeroi Moctezuma, Rossini & Zunino</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel pageId="4" pageNumber="27">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="4" pageNumber="27" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph pageId="4" pageNumber="27">Material examined.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="4" pageNumber="27">
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Holotype: male pinned with genitalia in microvial. 1. Label Holotypus (in Spanish) "Mexico, El Pinal, Pue., at 0.3 km from
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Rincón">Rincon</normalizedToken>
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, 2/VII/13, necrotrap 7n2, x-
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<geoCoordinate direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="-97.89994">97°53'59.8" W</geoCoordinate>
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, y- 19°8'55.3", shrubby veg., 2704 m a.s.l., Moctezuma J.V.P. Col." (1 ♂ GH). Paratypes: 1 ♂, same label as the holotype; 2 ♂♂, labeled "Mexico, El Pinal, Pue., at 0.3 km from
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Rincón">Rincon</normalizedToken>
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, 2/VII/13, necrotrap 7n6, x-
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<geoCoordinate direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="-97.90031">97°54'1.1" W</geoCoordinate>
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, y- 19°8'56.8", oak forest, 2710 m a.s.l., Moctezuma J.V.P. Col."; 2 ♂♂, 1 ♀ labeled "Mexico, El Pinal, Pue., at 0.3 km from
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Rincón">Rincon</normalizedToken>
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, 2/VII/13, necrotrap 7n7, x-
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<geoCoordinate direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="-97.89994">97°53'59.8" W</geoCoordinate>
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, y- 19°8'54.3", oak forest, 2704 m a.s.l., Moctezuma J.V.P. Col."; 1 ♀ labeled "Mexico, El Pinal, Pue., at 2.5 km from
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Rincón">Rincon</normalizedToken>
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, 26/VI/13, necrotrap 5n1, x-
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<geoCoordinate direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="-97.917244">97°55'2.1" W</geoCoordinate>
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, y- 19°7'46.6", oak forest, 2543 m a.s.l, Moctezuma J.V.P. Col.".
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="29" pageId="4" pageNumber="27" type="description">
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<paragraph pageId="4" pageNumber="27">Description.</paragraph>
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<paragraph lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="29" pageId="4" pageNumber="27">
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Holotype. Major male (Fig. 1). Length 9.4 mm, maximum width of pronotum 5.3 mm. Body dark-brown and dull with cupreous casts, antennal club dark grey, body covered with yellow and light setae. Clypeus transversally developed and pentagonal shaped, distinctly concave, with anterior margin widely curved at middle.
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<pageBreakToken pageId="5" pageNumber="28" start="start">Head</pageBreakToken>
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with lateral margins slightly sinuate in proximity of clypeo-genal suture, genae with margins subparallel, genal suture distinct. Clypeal carina absent to very feebly indicated, frontal carina subtrapezoidal with anterior convexity and elevated at middle with a triangular tubercle, frons coarsely punctured, with short and light-yellow setae,
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<pageBreakToken pageId="6" pageNumber="29" start="start">forward</pageBreakToken>
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curved. Clypeus with strong and coarse punctures, punctuation almost confluent, some punctures with a long seta, few and shorter setae near the apex of clypeus. Posterior margin of pronotum with evanescent border, lateral margins straight to barely concave between anterior and median angles. Pronotal protuberance not regularly convex, pronotum distinctly sloped between median tubercles and anterior margin, pronotal protuberance obtusely trapezoidal, anterior tubercles absent, posterior tubercles strong and slightly forward than the middle of pronotum. Pronotal disc with irregular and coarse punctuation, punctures slightly elongated and crowded, pronotal surface between punctures clearly microsculptured, punctures with a long and light seta, pilosity shorter and scattered in proximity of apex of pronotal protuberance. Elytral striae impressed, bright and with medium-sized punctures well-spaced, interstriae flattened with finer punctuation than pronotum, every puncture bears a light-yellow seta, microsculpture evident. Pygidium dull and sericeous at the base, apically bright, pygidial surface with inconspicuous punctuation, punctures with a short and light seta, median and longitudinal part of pygidium bare and lacking significant punctures, microsculpture of pygidium reticular. Apex of pygidium with bigger, transversal and confluent punctures, microsculpture less evident. Foretibiae slender, distinctly curved and slightly wider at apex, apical spur with apex distinctly curved downward.
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</paragraph>
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<caption pageId="6" pageNumber="29">
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<paragraph pageId="6" pageNumber="29">
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Figure 1.
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Onthophagus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Onthophagus clavijeroi" order="Coleoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="29" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="clavijeroi">Onthophagus clavijeroi</taxonomicName>
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sp. n. major male.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<paragraph pageId="6" pageNumber="29">Parameres and endophallic sclerites: Figs 4-6.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="6" pageNumber="29">Female (Fig. 3): Clypeus more elongated forward than in male, clypeal carina strong and evenly curved, frontal carina trapezoidal, lateral margins of clypeus straight, apex widely curved, clypeo-genal suture not indicated on lateral margin of the head. Lateral margins of pronotum curved, anterior pronotal protuberance ill-defined, disc of pronotum with two circular and flattened areas. Protibiae distinctly wider and less curved than in male. Female genitalia: Fig. 7.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="6" pageNumber="29">Variation. Minor male (Fig. 2): Smaller than male, clypeus more distinctly trapezoidal, clypeal carina very weakly indicated and slightly swollen at middle, frontal carina reduced and lacking median tubercle, anterior pronotal protuberance ill-defined to absent, disc with two flattened and circular areas.</paragraph>
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<caption pageId="6" pageNumber="29">
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<paragraph pageId="6" pageNumber="29">
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Figure 2.
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Onthophagus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Onthophagus clavijeroi" order="Coleoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="29" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="clavijeroi">Onthophagus clavijeroi</taxonomicName>
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sp. n. minor male.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<caption pageId="6" pageNumber="29">
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<paragraph pageId="6" pageNumber="29">
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Figure 3. Female
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Onthophagus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Onthophagus clavijeroi" order="Coleoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="29" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="clavijeroi">Onthophagus clavijeroi</taxonomicName>
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sp. n.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<caption pageId="6" pageNumber="29">
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<paragraph pageId="6" pageNumber="29">
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Figure 4. Aedeagus of
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Onthophagus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Onthophagus clavijeroi" order="Coleoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="29" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="clavijeroi">Onthophagus clavijeroi</taxonomicName>
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sp. n.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<caption pageId="6" pageNumber="29">
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<paragraph pageId="6" pageNumber="29">
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Figure 5. Copulatory lamella of
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Onthophagus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Onthophagus clavijeroi" order="Coleoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="29" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="clavijeroi">Onthophagus clavijeroi</taxonomicName>
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sp. n.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<caption pageId="6" pageNumber="29">
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<paragraph pageId="6" pageNumber="29">
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Figure 6. Accessory lamellae of
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Onthophagus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Onthophagus clavijeroi" order="Coleoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="29" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="clavijeroi">Onthophagus clavijeroi</taxonomicName>
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sp. n.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="6" pageNumber="29" type="derivatio nominis">
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<paragraph pageId="6" pageNumber="29">Derivatio nominis.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="6" pageNumber="29">We dedicate this species to Francisco Xavier Clavijero (Port of Veracruz, then New Spain, 9 September 1731 - Bologna, Italy, 2 April 1787), American naturalist who, together with his Chilean contemporary J. I. Molina, contested the ideas of Buffon and Pauw in their famous argument about the New World.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="6" pageNumber="29" type="type material">
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<paragraph pageId="6" pageNumber="29">Synthesis of localities of the type material.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="6" pageNumber="29">
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MEXICO: State of Puebla, El Pinal mountain,
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Rincón">Rincon</normalizedToken>
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Citlaltépetl">Citlaltepetl</normalizedToken>
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at 0.3 km from
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Rincón">Rincon</normalizedToken>
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Citlaltépetl">Citlaltepetl</normalizedToken>
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, 2704-2710 m a.s.l.; Cerro El Pinal, Santa Isabel Tepetzala at 2.5 km from
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Rincón">Rincon</normalizedToken>
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Citlaltépetl">Citlaltepetl</normalizedToken>
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, 2543 m a.s.l.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="6" pageNumber="29" type="type locality">
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<paragraph pageId="6" pageNumber="29">Type locality.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="6" pageNumber="29">
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Cerro El Pinal,
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Rincón">Rincon</normalizedToken>
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Citlaltépetl">Citlaltepetl</normalizedToken>
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, state of Puebla, Mexico.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="6" pageNumber="29" type="type deposit">
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<paragraph pageId="6" pageNumber="29">Type deposit.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="6" pageNumber="29">Holotype and one paratype in the GH Collection. Six paratypes in the VM, MR, MZ and MM collections.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection lastPageId="8" lastPageNumber="31" pageId="6" pageNumber="29" type="affinities">
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<paragraph pageId="6" pageNumber="29">Affinities.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="6" pageNumber="29">
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Onthophagus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Onthophagus clavijeroi" order="Coleoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="29" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="clavijeroi">Onthophagus clavijeroi</taxonomicName>
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belongs undoubtedly to the
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Lucanidae" genus="Scarabaeoidea" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Scarabaeoidea chevrolati" order="Coleoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="29" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="chevrolati">chevrolati</taxonomicName>
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group (
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<bibRefCitation author="Zunino, M" journalOrPublisher="Monografia IX, Museo Regionale di Scienze Naturali, Torino" pageId="18" pageNumber="41" pagination="1 - 211" title="Analisis taxonomico, ecologico y biogeografico de un grupo americano de Onthophagus (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae)." volume="9" year="1988">Zunino and Halffter 1988</bibRefCitation>
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), which is well represented in the MTZ mountains, particularly in the TMVB.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="7" pageNumber="30">
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<pageBreakToken pageId="7" pageNumber="30" start="start">Examination</pageBreakToken>
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of the external morphology of
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Onthophagus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Onthophagus clavijeroi" order="Coleoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="30" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="clavijeroi">Onthophagus clavijeroi</taxonomicName>
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, with special emphasis on the male and female genital organs, led us to consider that this new
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Onthophagus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Onthophagus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="30" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Onthophagus</taxonomicName>
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of El Pinal is closely related to the species included in the
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Lucanidae" genus="Scarabaeoidea" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Scarabaeoidea fuscus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="30" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fuscus">fuscus</taxonomicName>
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complex (
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<bibRefCitation author="Zunino, M" journalOrPublisher="Monografia IX, Museo Regionale di Scienze Naturali, Torino" pageId="18" pageNumber="41" pagination="1 - 211" title="Analisis taxonomico, ecologico y biogeografico de un grupo americano de Onthophagus (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae)." volume="9" year="1988">Zunino and Halffter 1988</bibRefCitation>
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), such as
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Onthophagus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Onthophagus fuscus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="30" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fuscus">Onthophagus fuscus</taxonomicName>
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Boucomont and its subspecies (the nominotypic one,
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Onthophagus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Onthophagus fuscus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="30" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subspecies" species="fuscus" subspecies="mycetorum">Onthophagus fuscus mycetorum</taxonomicName>
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Zunino & Halffter,
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Onthophagus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Onthophagus fuscus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="30" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subspecies" species="fuscus" subspecies="parafuscus">Onthophagus fuscus parafuscus</taxonomicName>
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Zunino & Halffter and
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Onthophagus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Onthophagus fuscus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="30" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subspecies" species="fuscus" subspecies="canescens">Onthophagus fuscus canescens</taxonomicName>
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Zunino & Halffter),
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Onthophagus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Onthophagus pseudofuscus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="30" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pseudofuscus">Onthophagus pseudofuscus</taxonomicName>
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Zunino & Halffter and
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Onthophagus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Onthophagus semiopacus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="30" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="semiopacus">Onthophagus semiopacus</taxonomicName>
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Harold. The morphological pattern shared among these species appears to support their monophyletic origin, but a profound revision of the
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Lucanidae" genus="Scarabaeoidea" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Scarabaeoidea fuscus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="30" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fuscus">fuscus</taxonomicName>
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complex is required in order to properly address the identity of the polytypic
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Onthophagus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Onthophagus fuscus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="30" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fuscus">Onthophagus fuscus</taxonomicName>
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and the internal systematics of the complex.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="8" pageNumber="31">
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<pageBreakToken pageId="8" pageNumber="31" start="start">The</pageBreakToken>
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shape and orientation of the apices of the parameres of
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Onthophagus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Onthophagus clavijeroi" order="Coleoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="31" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="clavijeroi">Onthophagus clavijeroi</taxonomicName>
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and
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Onthophagus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Onthophagus fuscus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="31" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subspecies" species="fuscus" subspecies="fuscus">Onthophagus fuscus fuscus</taxonomicName>
|
|
are very similar (Fig. 4), but the general shape of the lamella copulatrix (Fig. 6), especially the shape and development of both the internal carina and right branch of the copulatory lamella, allow us to easily distinguish between the two species.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph pageId="8" pageNumber="31">
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|
In the female, the ventral sclerotization of the vagina corresponds to the morphological pattern already found within the
|
|
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Lucanidae" genus="Scarabaeoidea" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Scarabaeoidea fuscus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="31" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fuscus">fuscus</taxonomicName>
|
|
complex, although the cephalic branches appear noticeably less developed in
|
|
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Onthophagus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Onthophagus clavijeroi" order="Coleoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="31" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="clavijeroi">Onthophagus clavijeroi</taxonomicName>
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|
(Fig. 7).
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<caption pageId="8" pageNumber="31">
|
|
<paragraph pageId="8" pageNumber="31">
|
|
Figure 7. Genital apparatus of female
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|
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Onthophagus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Onthophagus clavijeroi" order="Coleoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="31" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="clavijeroi">Onthophagus clavijeroi</taxonomicName>
|
|
sp. n.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
</caption>
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|
<subSubSection lastPageId="11" lastPageNumber="34" pageId="8" pageNumber="31" type="distribution and ecology">
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|
<paragraph pageId="8" pageNumber="31">Distribution and ecology</paragraph>
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|
<paragraph pageId="8" pageNumber="31">
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|
(Maps 2-3). The species and subspecies of the
|
|
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Lucanidae" genus="Scarabaeoidea" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Scarabaeoidea fuscus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="31" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fuscus">fuscus</taxonomicName>
|
|
complex are distributed across the mountain ranges that delimit the Mexican High Plateau, including the Sierra Madre Occidental, the TMVB and the Sierra Madre Oriental, with one species in the Puebla-Oaxaca Mountain System (Map 2). According to
|
|
<bibRefCitation author="Zunino, M" journalOrPublisher="Monografia IX, Museo Regionale di Scienze Naturali, Torino" pageId="18" pageNumber="41" pagination="1 - 211" title="Analisis taxonomico, ecologico y biogeografico de un grupo americano de Onthophagus (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae)." volume="9" year="1988">Zunino and Halffter (1988)</bibRefCitation>
|
|
, the
|
|
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Lucanidae" genus="Scarabaeoidea" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Scarabaeoidea fuscus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="31" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fuscus">fuscus</taxonomicName>
|
|
complex occurs to the north of the Tropic of Cancer, on the continental side of the Sierra Madre Occidental at between 2400 and 3000 m a.s.l. and following the distribution pattern of
|
|
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Onthophagus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Onthophagus fuscus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="31" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subspecies" species="fuscus" subspecies="fuscus">Onthophagus fuscus fuscus</taxonomicName>
|
|
. At the same latitude, but on the Pacific side of the same mountain range,
|
|
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Onthophagus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Onthophagus pseudofuscus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="31" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pseudofuscus">Onthophagus pseudofuscus</taxonomicName>
|
|
is found at 2000 m a.s.l. or higher.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<caption pageId="8" pageNumber="31">
|
|
<paragraph pageId="8" pageNumber="31">
|
|
Map 2. Distribution of
|
|
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Onthophagus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Onthophagus clavijeroi" order="Coleoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="31" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="clavijeroi">Onthophagus clavijeroi</taxonomicName>
|
|
and related species. Expanded from Zunino & Halffter 1988, including data from this study.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
</caption>
|
|
<caption pageId="8" pageNumber="31">
|
|
<paragraph pageId="8" pageNumber="31">
|
|
Map 3. Collection sites for
|
|
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Onthophagus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Onthophagus clavijeroi" order="Coleoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="31" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="clavijeroi">Onthophagus clavijeroi</taxonomicName>
|
|
sp. n. (●). The two mountains mentioned in the text can be seen: La Malinche (4420 m a.s.l.) and El Pinal (3280 m a.s.l.).
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
</caption>
|
|
<paragraph lastPageId="9" lastPageNumber="32" pageId="8" pageNumber="31">
|
|
As noted in other groups of organisms distributed across the Sierra Madre Occidental and westernmost areas of the TMVB, the distribution of the
|
|
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Lucanidae" genus="Scarabaeoidea" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Scarabaeoidea fuscus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="31" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fuscus">fuscus</taxonomicName>
|
|
complex becomes discontinuous in the proximity of the southern part of the Durango State. This interruption may be due to several factors that are not exclusive of this region, such
|
|
<pageBreakToken pageId="9" pageNumber="32" start="start">as</pageBreakToken>
|
|
an interruption of geographic continuity caused by recent orographic movements, and probably the lack of beetle collection in one of the least studied mountainous areas of Mexico (to date, only one single and isolated capture of
|
|
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Onthophagus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Onthophagus pseudofuscus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="32" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pseudofuscus">Onthophagus pseudofuscus</taxonomicName>
|
|
has been reported for that area; see Map 2).
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph pageId="9" pageNumber="32">
|
|
In the TMVB, the
|
|
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Lucanidae" genus="Scarabaeoidea" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Scarabaeoidea fuscus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="32" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fuscus">fuscus</taxonomicName>
|
|
complex is represented by several subspecies of
|
|
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Onthophagus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Onthophagus fuscus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="32" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fuscus">Onthophagus fuscus</taxonomicName>
|
|
, such as
|
|
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Onthophagus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Onthophagus fuscus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="32" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subspecies" species="fuscus" subspecies="canescens">Onthophagus fuscus canescens</taxonomicName>
|
|
and
|
|
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Onthophagus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Onthophagus fuscus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="32" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subspecies" species="fuscus" subspecies="mycetorum">Onthophagus fuscus mycetorum</taxonomicName>
|
|
and
|
|
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Onthophagus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Onthophagus clavijeroi" order="Coleoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="32" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="clavijeroi">Onthophagus clavijeroi</taxonomicName>
|
|
(easternmost side of the TMVB).
|
|
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Onthophagus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Onthophagus fuscus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="32" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subspecies" species="fuscus" subspecies="parafuscus">Onthophagus fuscus parafuscus</taxonomicName>
|
|
is found in the southern part of the Sierra Madre Oriental. In addition to this U-shaped distribution across the mountain ranges that flank the Mexican High Plateau,
|
|
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Onthophagus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Onthophagus semiopacus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="32" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="semiopacus">Onthophagus semiopacus</taxonomicName>
|
|
is found southward, in the south-eastern part of the Puebla-Oaxaca Mountain System (Map 2).
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph pageId="9" pageNumber="32">
|
|
It should be noted that recent cladistic analyses conducted by
|
|
<bibRefCitation author="Gutierrez Velazquez, AL" journalOrPublisher="Instituto de Ecologia, A. C., Xalapa, Mexico" pageId="17" pageNumber="40" title="El concepto de zona de transicion y la hipotesis de Halffter sobre la Zona de Transicion Mexicana. Confrontacion con nuevos analisis biogeograficos" year="2013">
|
|
<normalizedToken originalValue="Gutiérrez-Velázquez">Gutierrez-Velazquez</normalizedToken>
|
|
(2013
|
|
</bibRefCitation>
|
|
, unpublished data) support the monophyly of the
|
|
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Lucanidae" genus="Scarabaeoidea" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Scarabaeoidea fuscus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="32" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fuscus">fuscus</taxonomicName>
|
|
complex.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph lastPageId="10" lastPageNumber="33" pageId="9" pageNumber="32">
|
|
The distribution of this complex, as well as its possible monophyletic origin, the taxonomic relationships among taxa and the geomorphological history of the moun
|
|
<pageBreakToken pageId="10" pageNumber="33" start="start">tain</pageBreakToken>
|
|
ranges may support the hypothesis of a modern (Pleistocene to the present) distribution. To our knowledge,
|
|
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Onthophagus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Onthophagus clavijeroi" order="Coleoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="33" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="clavijeroi">Onthophagus clavijeroi</taxonomicName>
|
|
would represent a recent element within the
|
|
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Lucanidae" genus="Scarabaeoidea" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Scarabaeoidea fuscus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="33" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fuscus">fuscus</taxonomicName>
|
|
complex, even considering that so far it is only known on mountains of relatively recent geological configuration.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph pageId="11" pageNumber="34">
|
|
<pageBreakToken pageId="11" pageNumber="34" start="start">El</pageBreakToken>
|
|
Pinal (3280 m a.s.l.) is associated with the mountain La Malinche (4461 m a.s.l., see Map 3) and its geological origin corresponds to the First Period of volcanic activity of La Malinche, which is estimated to have formed approximately 34 000 years ago, during the Late Pleistocene (
|
|
<bibRefCitation author="Castro-Goeva, R" journalOrPublisher="Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research" pageId="17" pageNumber="40" pagination="20 - 42" title="Late Pleistocene - Holocene stratigraphy and radiocarbon dating of La Malinche volcano, Central Mexico." url="10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2007.01.002" volume="162" year="2007">Castro-Goeva and Siebe 2007</bibRefCitation>
|
|
). Further information on the
|
|
<taxonomicName lsidName="" pageId="11" pageNumber="34" rank="subfamily" subfamily="Scarabaeinae">Scarabaeinae</taxonomicName>
|
|
of El Pinal is provided below in the Discussion.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph pageId="11" pageNumber="34">
|
|
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Onthophagus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Onthophagus clavijeroi" order="Coleoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="34" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="clavijeroi">Onthophagus clavijeroi</taxonomicName>
|
|
was collected between 2543 and 2710 m a.s.l. in areas with primary and secondary oak forest and open habitats with shrubby vegetation and pastures. It was collected exclusively in traps baited with decaying squid. No specimens were collected in traps baited with human excrement or horse dung, nor by direct capture in other different excrement types. This implies that
|
|
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Onthophagus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Onthophagus clavijeroi" order="Coleoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="34" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="clavijeroi">Onthophagus clavijeroi</taxonomicName>
|
|
is likely to be necrophagous, a common feeding habit reported in various genera of Neotropical
|
|
<taxonomicName lsidName="" pageId="11" pageNumber="34" rank="subfamily" subfamily="Scarabaeinae">Scarabaeinae</taxonomicName>
|
|
beetles, but one that is quite rare in American
|
|
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Onthophagus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Onthophagus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="34" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Onthophagus</taxonomicName>
|
|
. It is possible that
|
|
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Onthophagus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Onthophagus clavijeroi" order="Coleoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="34" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="clavijeroi">Onthophagus clavijeroi</taxonomicName>
|
|
is also found in the nearby mountain of La Malinche, but systematic sampling using necrotraps remains to be carried out in that area.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|
</treatment>
|
|
</document> |