treatments-xml/data/46/08/87/4608879FFFA0FF966E7AFAF1FE19FE99.xml
2024-06-21 12:35:10 +02:00

314 lines
38 KiB
XML
Raw Blame History

This file contains ambiguous Unicode characters

This file contains Unicode characters that might be confused with other characters. If you think that this is intentional, you can safely ignore this warning. Use the Escape button to reveal them.

<document id="B110CF87D918FF70BC55F4A572230909" ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.11404264" ID-ISSN="1525-9153" ID-Zenodo-Dep="11404264" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="juliana" IM.illustrations_approvedBy="juliana" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="juliana" IM.metadata_approvedBy="juliana" IM.tables_approvedBy="juliana" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="juliana" IM.treatments_approvedBy="juliana" checkinTime="1716907766958" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Barrio-Amorós, César L., Rojas-Runjaic, Fernando J. M. &amp; Señaris, J. Celsa" docDate="2019" docId="4608879FFFA0FF966E7AFAF1FE19FE99" docLanguage="en" docName="AmphibReptileCons.13.1.e180.pdf" docOrigin="Amphibian &amp; Reptile Conservation (e 180) 13 (1)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:2DCF38F802BD4DFFCCCB5916C58E77B3.2:AmphibReptileConse.2015-.journal_article.2cover" docStyleId="2DCF38F802BD4DFFCCCB5916C58E77B3" docStyleName="AmphibReptileConse.2015-.journal_article.2cover" docStyleVersion="2" docTitle="Oreophrynella macconnelli" docType="treatment" docVersion="5" lastPageNumber="13" masterDocId="BA31FFE7FFACFF986D36FA1CFFB9FFDF" masterDocTitle="Catalogue of the amphibians of Venezuela: Illustrated and annotated species list, distribution, and conservation" masterLastPageNumber="198" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="11" updateTime="1717186961153" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CC-BY-4.0">
<mods:mods id="30554B3445F51304B0E8CE404A22D7E1" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
<mods:titleInfo id="518DABDB3DA3CBC1DCCDAFC7E39EA27B">
<mods:title id="615EA50459CB52000F484A9401DF4DA8">Catalogue of the amphibians of Venezuela: Illustrated and annotated species list, distribution, and conservation</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:name id="28BEF928062E928FDFD9F7FA519DCC11" type="personal">
<mods:role id="B6EB48BD3F088E511C3153633E2B9B69">
<mods:roleTerm id="F67AE548F896DB0B1607E1BEF9DC1BBB">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="96D0669CB046A55C46CA049287C1DDEB">Barrio-Amorós, César L.</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="D6BFA2B17D3ACFFFB67D3D1B7E15D6BF">Fundación AndígenA, Apartado Postal 210, Mérida, VENEZUELA &amp; Current address: Doc Frog Expeditions, Uvita de Osa, COSTA RICA</mods:affiliation>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="E82692AB332160D8324B125409F1FBFB" type="email">cesarlba@yahoo.com</mods:nameIdentifier>
</mods:name>
<mods:name id="F7C5A1F8CF9B487AA693C2D27626316B" type="personal">
<mods:role id="5FADDEA377AFB514DF8749C7185093E4">
<mods:roleTerm id="2DF78446BFFB8DFD8A9324A910872090">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="F4A9652DD79F694A922AB534B9396F23">Rojas-Runjaic, Fernando J. M.</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="CAF2C7A77325492AD4B511E1FE16B5B5">Fundación La Salle de Ciencias Naturales, Museo de Historia Natural La Salle, Apartado Postal 1930, Caracas 1010 - A, VENEZUELA &amp; Current address: Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Río Grande do Sul (PUCRS), Laboratório de Sistemática de Vertebrados, Av. Ipiranga 6681, Porto Alegre, RS 90619 - 900, BRAZIL</mods:affiliation>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="8332678401D6B2F0C6B294F7121E9569" type="email">rojas_runjaic@yahoo.com</mods:nameIdentifier>
</mods:name>
<mods:name id="5C676E44CD373E00C75180D026323F1E" type="personal">
<mods:role id="E0F75E7F1FB18D14CE139E08D2B757D5">
<mods:roleTerm id="37FB217A748DC08C9F3ACE9AE034A486">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="E9759FFF00D4D4B1E4142F2BFBFAED80">Señaris, J. Celsa</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="F91A91E099B80B2C5B5E8610AF30B9AD">Instituto Venezolano de Investigaciones Científicas, Altos de Pipe, apartado 20632, Caracas 1020, VENEZUELA</mods:affiliation>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="46A179C21A8E7315D5636DBF9FEC7A3F" type="email">celsisenaris@gmail.com</mods:nameIdentifier>
</mods:name>
<mods:typeOfResource id="55B81521F18DDF52D687DEBABD147F9F">text</mods:typeOfResource>
<mods:relatedItem id="FB0BE29367CE1F408A557B37774998B3" type="host">
<mods:titleInfo id="EF0FC2CB8E4519C5285E44F992128DC3">
<mods:title id="F26E22E776B17F4F0B61343169FAC099">Amphibian &amp; Reptile Conservation</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:part id="034990F784B6236B829E7C55C5691BAB">
<mods:date id="1DB715D930A3B2E4D44A2A386763225E">2019</mods:date>
<mods:detail id="252431D58A9A679BFF782CEDA47864B2" type="series">
<mods:title id="DF84E38B2A128F988B01C9232B85D0F8">e 180</mods:title>
</mods:detail>
<mods:detail id="5E83B326FAF038EB162FED0F0D275E4D" type="pubDate">
<mods:number id="CE0F55EB86B2186F6F3AD91CCDEE5302">2019-07-14</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:detail id="62FC208CED67CD85AAE317E8F8ACFA32" type="volume">
<mods:number id="0F9428DDBF60F94D17B1CE4A3788F420">13</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:detail id="B754A9CB4DEE3C03EE9A026773976D34" type="issue">
<mods:number id="D629F6C4D68B0F75522B971EDC316F9C">1</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:extent id="F2EE0DE12144A1CA846F5F3A003E33EE" unit="page">
<mods:start id="C004A27BC83D48043B23DA485530CD57">1</mods:start>
<mods:end id="80344C1263ADDBF0A101E2F3A074CE2C">198</mods:end>
</mods:extent>
</mods:part>
</mods:relatedItem>
<mods:classification id="21435FA242AE5D7BE22ED54AB97689EF">journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier id="80ECDBC72EAE7B9B190E794F039A6A18" type="DOI">10.5281/zenodo.11404264</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="7C17BA5BF4743D3F10154CB4D0B86334" type="ISSN">1525-9153</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="BB8AEC5F12EADEF1944A9CA49602F830" type="Zenodo-Dep">11404264</mods:identifier>
</mods:mods>
<treatment id="4608879FFFA0FF966E7AFAF1FE19FE99" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11404869" ID-Zenodo-Dep="11404869" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:4608879FFFA0FF966E7AFAF1FE19FE99" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/4608879FFFA0FF966E7AFAF1FE19FE99" lastPageId="14" lastPageNumber="13" pageId="12" pageNumber="11">
<subSubSection id="86BB6502FFA0FF946E7AFAF1FA87FEDA" box="[844,1342,237,262]" pageId="12" pageNumber="11" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="CE1E3689FFA0FF946E7AFAF1FA87FEDA" blockId="12.[844,1342,237,262]" box="[844,1342,237,262]" pageId="12" pageNumber="11">
<heading id="955681E5FFA0FF946E7AFAF1FA87FEDA" box="[844,1342,237,262]" centered="true" fontSize="10" level="2" pageId="12" pageNumber="11" reason="4">
<taxonomicName id="09A14D0AFFA0FF946E7AFAF1FA87FEDA" ID-CoL="74TXV" authority="(Boulenger 1895)" baseAuthorityName="Boulenger" baseAuthorityYear="1895" box="[844,1342,237,262]" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Oreophrynella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="12" pageNumber="11" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="macconnelli">
<emphasis id="FCD5EA9BFFA0FF946E7AFAF1FBC3FEDA" bold="true" box="[844,1146,237,261]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="11">Oreophrynella macconnelli</emphasis>
(Boulenger 1895)
</taxonomicName>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="86BB6502FFA0FF946E21FB32FC4AFE59" pageId="12" pageNumber="11" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="CE1E3689FFA0FF946E21FB32FBE8FE99" blockId="12.[791,1395,302,1958]" box="[791,1105,302,326]" pageId="12" pageNumber="11">
<materialsCitation id="7EC93CD4FFA0FF946E21FB32FBE8FE99" box="[791,1105,302,326]" collectingDate="1947-02-14" collectionCode="BM" pageId="12" pageNumber="11" specimenCode="BM 1947.2.14.49" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="holotype">
<emphasis id="FCD5EA9BFFA0FF946E21FB32FC3EFE99" bold="true" box="[791,903,302,326]" pageId="12" pageNumber="11">
<typeStatus id="111A882BFFA0FF946E21FB32FC3AFE99" box="[791,899,302,326]" pageId="12" pageNumber="11" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
:
</emphasis>
<specimenCode id="9E079EF2FFA0FF946EB8FB32FBF7FE99" box="[910,1102,302,326]" pageId="12" pageNumber="11">BM 1947.2.14.49</specimenCode>
.
</materialsCitation>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="CE1E3689FFA0FF946E21FB52FC4AFE59" blockId="12.[791,1395,302,1958]" pageId="12" pageNumber="11">
<emphasis id="FCD5EA9BFFA0FF946E21FB52FC00FEBA" bold="true" box="[791,953,333,358]" pageId="12" pageNumber="11">Type locality:</emphasis>
<materialsCitation id="7EC93CD4FFA0FF946EE7FB52FC56FE59" country="Guyana" elevation="1066" location="Base of Mount Roraima" pageId="12" pageNumber="11" specimenCount="1">
<location id="CB7E6052FFA0FF946EE7FB52FB57FEB9" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:4608879FFFA0FF966E7AFAF1FE19FE99:CB7E6052FFA0FF946EE7FB52FB57FEB9" box="[977,1262,334,358]" country="Guyana" name="Base of Mount Roraima" pageId="12" pageNumber="11">Base of Mount Roraima</location>
, 3,500 feet (
<quantity id="09599B6CFFA0FF946E28FB72FCC3FE59" box="[798,890,366,390]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.066" pageId="12" pageNumber="11" unit="m" value="1066.0">
<elevation id="458CD1BAFFA0FF946E28FB72FCC3FE59" box="[798,890,366,390]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.066" pageId="12" pageNumber="11" unit="m" value="1066.0">1,066 m</elevation>
</quantity>
),”
<collectingCountry id="B6B67619FFA0FF946EAFFB72FC56FE59" box="[921,1007,366,390]" name="Guyana" pageId="12" pageNumber="11">Guyana</collectingCountry>
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="86BB6502FFA0FF946E21FB91FC57FDB9" pageId="12" pageNumber="11" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="CE1E3689FFA0FF946E21FB91FC57FDB9" blockId="12.[791,1395,302,1958]" pageId="12" pageNumber="11">
<emphasis id="FCD5EA9BFFA0FF946E21FB91FC1BFE7A" bold="true" box="[791,930,397,421]" pageId="12" pageNumber="11">Distribution</emphasis>
: Region 5. Known from the base of Roraima (
<typeStatus id="111A882BFFA0FF946E28FBB2FCF4FE19" box="[798,845,430,454]" pageId="12" pageNumber="11">type</typeStatus>
locality) and Maringma-tepui in
<collectingCountry id="B6B67619FFA0FF9469ECFBB2FA94FE19" box="[1242,1325,430,454]" name="Guyana" pageId="12" pageNumber="11">Guyana</collectingCountry>
(
<bibRefCitation id="AA304B78FFA0FF946875FBB2FCE8FE39" author="Kok PJR" pageId="12" pageNumber="11" pagination="35 - 49" refId="ref96444" refString="Kok PJR. 2009. A new species of Oreophrynella (Anura: Bufonidae) from the Pantepui region of Guyana, with notes on O. macconelli Boulenger, 1900. Zootaxa 2071: 35 - 49." type="journal article" year="2009">Kok 2009</bibRefCitation>
). It has been surmised to occur in the Venezuelan foothills surrounding the base of
<taxonomicName id="09A14D0AFFA0FF9469BDFBF2FAAEFDD9" box="[1163,1303,494,518]" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Metaphryniscus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="12" pageNumber="11" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="roraima">Mt. Roraima</taxonomicName>
(
<bibRefCitation id="AA304B78FFA0FF94681EFBF2FCF6FDF9" author="Rivero JA" pageId="12" pageNumber="11" pagination="1 - 267" refId="ref104771" refString="Rivero JA. 1961. Salientia of Venezuela. Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology 126: 1 - 267." type="journal article" year="1961">Rivero 1961</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="AA304B78FFA0FF946E69F812FBA9FDF9" author="La Marca E." box="[863,1040,526,550]" pageId="12" pageNumber="11" refId="ref97345" refString="La Marca E. 1992. Catalogo Taxonomico, Biogeografico y Bibliografico de las Ranas de Venezuela. Cuadernos Geograficos ULA 9. Universidad de Los Andes, Merida, Merida, Venezuela. 197 p." type="book" year="1992">La Marca 1992</bibRefCitation>
; Barrio-Amorós 1998). To date there are no vouchers from
<collectingCountry id="B6B67619FFA0FF94696DF832FB70FD99" box="[1115,1225,558,582]" name="Venezuela" pageId="12" pageNumber="11">Venezuela</collectingCountry>
in any known scientific collection.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="86BB6502FFA0FF966E21F872FE19FE99" lastPageId="14" lastPageNumber="13" pageId="12" pageNumber="11" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="CE1E3689FFA0FF946E21F872FA94FA9A" blockId="12.[791,1395,302,1958]" pageId="12" pageNumber="11">
<emphasis id="FCD5EA9BFFA0FF946E21F872FCC6FD59" bold="true" box="[791,895,622,646]" pageId="12" pageNumber="11">Remarks</emphasis>
: It is not possible to designate the exact
<typeStatus id="111A882BFFA0FF946873F872FACAFD59" box="[1349,1395,622,646]" pageId="12" pageNumber="11">type</typeStatus>
locality or determine whether it is in
<collectingCountry id="B6B67619FFA0FF9469E9F892FAF4FD79" box="[1247,1357,654,678]" name="Venezuela" pageId="12" pageNumber="11">Venezuela</collectingCountry>
or
<collectingCountry id="B6B67619FFA0FF946E21F8B2FCD4FD19" box="[791,877,686,710]" name="Guyana" pageId="12" pageNumber="11">Guyana</collectingCountry>
, since
<bibRefCitation id="AA304B78FFA0FF946E80F8B2FBCDFD19" author="Boulenger GA" box="[950,1140,686,710]" pageId="12" pageNumber="11" pagination="51 - 76" refId="ref87338" refString="Boulenger GA. 1900. Batrachians. Pp. 55 - 56 In: Report on a collection made by Messrs. F. V. MacConnell and J. J. Quelch at Mount Roraima in British Guiana. Editor, Roy Lankester E. Transactions of the Linnean Society of London, Second Series, Zoology 8: 51 - 76." type="journal article" year="1900">Boulenger (1900)</bibRefCitation>
listed it as “the base of
<taxonomicName id="09A14D0AFFA0FF946E21F8D2FC1FFD39" box="[791,934,718,742]" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Metaphryniscus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="12" pageNumber="11" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="roraima">Mt. Roraima</taxonomicName>
,
<quantity id="09599B6CFFA0FF946E82F8D1FBB3FD39" box="[948,1034,717,742]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0668" pageId="12" pageNumber="11" unit="ft" value="3.5">3,500 ft</quantity>
(ca.
<quantity id="09599B6CFFA0FF946971F8D2FB1CFD39" box="[1095,1189,718,742]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.066" pageId="12" pageNumber="11" unit="m" value="1.066">1,066 m</quantity>
),” which could be in either
<collectingCountry id="B6B67619FFA0FF946E48F8F2FC6DFCD9" box="[894,980,750,774]" name="Guyana" pageId="12" pageNumber="11">Guyana</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="B6B67619FFA0FF946ED5F8F2FBE8FCD9" box="[995,1105,750,774]" name="Venezuela" pageId="12" pageNumber="11">Venezuela</collectingCountry>
or
<collectingCountry id="B6B67619FFA0FF94694BF8F2FB7BFCD9" box="[1149,1218,750,774]" name="Brazil" pageId="12" pageNumber="11">Brazil</collectingCountry>
. Barrio-Amorós (1998) considered Boulengers
<typeStatus id="111A882BFFA0FF94694AF912FB13FCF9" box="[1148,1194,782,806]" pageId="12" pageNumber="11">type</typeStatus>
locality to be in
<collectingCountry id="B6B67619FFA0FF946E21F932FC3CFC99" box="[791,901,814,838]" name="Venezuela" pageId="12" pageNumber="11">Venezuela</collectingCountry>
without explanation. He also incorrectly stated that the
<typeStatus id="111A882BFFA0FF946E84F952FC59FCB9" box="[946,992,846,870]" pageId="12" pageNumber="11">type</typeStatus>
material in the BMNH was lost.
<bibRefCitation id="AA304B78FFA0FF946873F952FCE4FC59" author="Kok PJR" pageId="12" pageNumber="11" pagination="35 - 49" refId="ref96444" refString="Kok PJR. 2009. A new species of Oreophrynella (Anura: Bufonidae) from the Pantepui region of Guyana, with notes on O. macconelli Boulenger, 1900. Zootaxa 2071: 35 - 49." type="journal article" year="2009">Kok (2009)</bibRefCitation>
assumed the
<typeStatus id="111A882BFFA0FF946EC5F972FB98FC59" box="[1011,1057,878,902]" pageId="12" pageNumber="11">type</typeStatus>
specimen was collected on the Guyanan side of Roraima, as the title of Boulengers article states, but provided no further information or evidence. The journey made by F.V. McConnell and J.J. Quelch in 1898, during which the specimen was collected, originated in
<collectingCountry id="B6B67619FFA0FF94692AFE12FBCBFBF9" box="[1052,1138,1038,1062]" name="Guyana" pageId="12" pageNumber="11">Guyana</collectingCountry>
, but the only access to the summit of Roraima by foot is on the Venezuelan side. The exact route by which the two collectors walked around the base of Roraima follows the Mazaruni-Cako-Aruparu Rivers to reach the foot of Roraima. Here, only one place at the Aruparu River seems to be at
<quantity id="09599B6CFFA0FF94682FFEB2FACAFB1A" box="[1305,1395,1198,1222]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.066" pageId="12" pageNumber="11" unit="m" value="1.066">1,066 m</quantity>
(
<geoCoordinate id="AB95504EFFA0FF946E29FED1FC01FB3A" box="[799,952,1229,1253]" degrees="5" direction="north" minutes="15" orientation="latitude" pageId="12" pageNumber="11" precision="1" seconds="10.93" value="5.253036">5°1510.93”N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="AB95504EFFA0FF946EE4FED1FB39FB3A" box="[978,1152,1229,1253]" degrees="60" direction="west" minutes="42" orientation="longitude" pageId="12" pageNumber="11" precision="1" seconds="28.57" value="-60.707935">60°4228.57”W</geoCoordinate>
), while still seeing the tepui from its base. Therefore, we restrict the
<typeStatus id="111A882BFFA0FF946873FEF2FACAFAD9" box="[1349,1395,1262,1286]" pageId="12" pageNumber="11">type</typeStatus>
locality to be in
<collectingCountry id="B6B67619FFA0FF946EFDFF12FB98FAF9" box="[971,1057,1294,1318]" name="Guyana" pageId="12" pageNumber="11">Guyana</collectingCountry>
. But see a different conclusion by
<bibRefCitation id="AA304B78FFA0FF946E0EFF32FC56FA99" author="Kok PJR &amp; Dezfoulian R &amp; Means DB &amp; Fouquet A &amp; Barrio-Amoros CB" box="[824,1007,1326,1350]" pageId="12" pageNumber="11" pagination="1 - 30" refId="ref97004" refString="Kok PJR, Dezfoulian R, Means DB, Fouquet A, Barrio-Amoros CB. 2018. Amended diagnosis and redescription of Pristimantis marmoratus (Boulenger, 1900) (Amphibia: Craugastoridae), with a description of its advertisement call and notes on its breeding ecology and phylogenetic relationships. European Journal of Taxonomy 397: 1 - 30." type="journal article" year="2018">Kok et al. (2018)</bibRefCitation>
for
<taxonomicName id="09A14D0AFFA0FF94692DFF32FA9FFA9A" baseAuthorityName="Boulenger" baseAuthorityYear="1900" box="[1051,1318,1326,1349]" class="Amphibia" family="Craugastoridae" genus="Pristimantis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="12" pageNumber="11" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="marmoratus">
<emphasis id="FCD5EA9BFFA0FF94692DFF32FA9FFA9A" box="[1051,1318,1326,1349]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="11">Pristimantis marmoratus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="CE1E3689FFA0FF966E01FF52FD5EFF79" blockId="12.[791,1395,302,1958]" lastBlockId="14.[141,746,142,326]" lastPageId="14" lastPageNumber="13" pageId="12" pageNumber="11">
We are unable to distinguish
<taxonomicName id="09A14D0AFFA0FF9469E1FF52FC20FA59" baseAuthorityName="Boulenger" baseAuthorityYear="1895" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Oreophrynella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="12" pageNumber="11" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="macconnelli">
<emphasis id="FCD5EA9BFFA0FF9469E1FF52FC20FA59" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="11">Oreophrynella macconnelli</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from
<taxonomicName id="09A14D0AFFA0FF946934FF72FC66FA79" authority="Lathrop and MacCulloch, 2007" authorityName="Lathrop and MacCulloch" authorityYear="2007" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Oreophrynella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="12" pageNumber="11" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="dendronastes">
<emphasis id="FCD5EA9BFFA0FF946934FF72FB7AFA59" box="[1026,1219,1390,1414]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="11">O. dendronastes</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="AA304B78FFA0FF9469EBFF72FC66FA79" author="MacCulloch RD &amp; Lathrop A &amp; Reynolds RP &amp; Senaris JC &amp; Schneider GE" pageId="12" pageNumber="11" pagination="24 - 30" refId="ref100372" refString="MacCulloch RD, Lathrop A, Reynolds RP, Senaris JC, Schneider GE. 2007. Herpetofauna of Mount Roraima, Guiana Shield region, northeastern South America. Herpetological Review 38: 24 - 30." type="journal article" year="2007">Lathrop and MacCulloch, 2007</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
. The only listed difference is the shape of the snout, reported as truncated for
<taxonomicName id="09A14D0AFFA0FF9469F4FFB2FACBFA19" authorityName="Lathrop and MacCulloch" authorityYear="2007" box="[1218,1394,1454,1478]" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Oreophrynella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="12" pageNumber="11" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="dendronastes">
<emphasis id="FCD5EA9BFFA0FF9469F4FFB2FB6CFA1A" box="[1218,1237,1454,1477]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="11">O</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="FCD5EA9BFFA0FF9469D3FFB2FACBFA19" box="[1253,1394,1454,1478]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="11">dendronastes</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and pointed or acuminate for
<taxonomicName id="09A14D0AFFA0FF946952FFD2FBA7F9D9" authority="(Lathrop and MacCulloch 2007)" baseAuthorityName="Lathrop and MacCulloch" baseAuthorityYear="2007" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Oreophrynella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="12" pageNumber="11" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="macconnelli">
<emphasis id="FCD5EA9BFFA0FF946952FFD2FAB2FA39" box="[1124,1291,1486,1510]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="11">O. macconnelli</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="AA304B78FFA0FF94682AFFD2FBAFF9D9" author="MacCulloch RD &amp; Lathrop A &amp; Reynolds RP &amp; Senaris JC &amp; Schneider GE" pageId="12" pageNumber="11" pagination="24 - 30" refId="ref100372" refString="MacCulloch RD, Lathrop A, Reynolds RP, Senaris JC, Schneider GE. 2007. Herpetofauna of Mount Roraima, Guiana Shield region, northeastern South America. Herpetological Review 38: 24 - 30." type="journal article" year="2007">Lathrop and MacCulloch 2007</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
.
<bibRefCitation id="AA304B78FFA0FF946918FFF2FB09F9D9" author="Kok PJR" box="[1070,1200,1518,1542]" pageId="12" pageNumber="11" pagination="35 - 49" refId="ref96444" refString="Kok PJR. 2009. A new species of Oreophrynella (Anura: Bufonidae) from the Pantepui region of Guyana, with notes on O. macconelli Boulenger, 1900. Zootaxa 2071: 35 - 49." type="journal article" year="2009">Kok (2009)</bibRefCitation>
had examined a larger set of specimens of
<taxonomicName id="09A14D0AFFA0FF946978FC12FB4EF9F9" baseAuthorityName="Lathrop and MacCulloch" baseAuthorityYear="2007" box="[1102,1271,1550,1574]" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Oreophrynella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="12" pageNumber="11" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="macconnelli">
<emphasis id="FCD5EA9BFFA0FF946978FC12FB4EF9F9" box="[1102,1271,1550,1574]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="11">O. macconnelli</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and noted variation in this character, but snout shape alone may be insufficient evidence to distinguish between these taxa. The larger size of
<taxonomicName id="09A14D0AFFA0FF946EE1FC72FB3DF959" authorityName="Lathrop and MacCulloch" authorityYear="2007" box="[983,1156,1646,1670]" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Oreophrynella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="12" pageNumber="11" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="dendronastes">
<emphasis id="FCD5EA9BFFA0FF946EE1FC72FB3DF959" box="[983,1156,1646,1670]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="11">O. dendronastes</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, with a female of 37.
<quantity id="09599B6CFFA0FF946850FC72FCF9F97A" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" pageId="12" pageNumber="11" unit="mm" value="3.0">3 mm</quantity>
SVL (as opposed to an SVL of 22.
<quantity id="09599B6CFFA0FF9469FAFC92FAB5F97A" box="[1228,1292,1678,1702]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.0" pageId="12" pageNumber="11" unit="mm" value="7.0">7 mm</quantity>
in males of
<taxonomicName id="09A14D0AFFA0FF946E0DFCB2FC5CF919" baseAuthorityName="Lathrop and MacCulloch" baseAuthorityYear="2007" box="[827,997,1710,1734]" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Oreophrynella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="12" pageNumber="11" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="macconnelli">
<emphasis id="FCD5EA9BFFA0FF946E0DFCB2FC5CF919" box="[827,997,1710,1734]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="11">O. macconnelli</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, for which females are unknown) seems significant, but could be attributed to maturity and/or dimorphism. Furthermore,
<bibRefCitation id="AA304B78FFA0FF9469A9FCF2FACBF8D9" author="Kok PJR &amp; MacCulloch RD &amp; Means DB &amp; Roelants K &amp; Van Bocxlaer I &amp; Bossuyt F." box="[1183,1394,1774,1798]" pageId="12" pageNumber="11" pagination="589 - R 590" refId="ref96789" refString="Kok PJR, MacCulloch RD, Means DB, Roelants K, Van Bocxlaer I, Bossuyt F. 2012. Low genetic diversity in tepui summit vertebrates. Current Biology 22 (15): R 589 - R 590." type="journal article" year="2012">Kok et al. (2012)</bibRefCitation>
found insufficient genetic differentiation to support the recognition of
<taxonomicName id="09A14D0AFFA0FF946EF6FD32FBCAF899" authorityName="Lathrop and MacCulloch" authorityYear="2007" box="[960,1139,1838,1862]" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Oreophrynella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="12" pageNumber="11" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="dendronastes">
<emphasis id="FCD5EA9BFFA0FF946EF6FD32FBCAF899" box="[960,1139,1838,1862]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="11">O. dendronastes</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. We therefore suggest considering
<taxonomicName id="09A14D0AFFA0FF946EABFD52FCF5F859" authority="Lathrop and MacCulloch, 2007" authorityName="Lathrop and MacCulloch" authorityYear="2007" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Oreophrynella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="12" pageNumber="11" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="dendronastes">
<emphasis id="FCD5EA9BFFA0FF946EABFD52FBF7F8B9" box="[925,1102,1870,1894]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="11">O. dendronastes</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="AA304B78FFA0FF94696FFD52FCF5F859" author="MacCulloch RD &amp; Lathrop A &amp; Reynolds RP &amp; Senaris JC &amp; Schneider GE" pageId="12" pageNumber="11" pagination="24 - 30" refId="ref100372" refString="MacCulloch RD, Lathrop A, Reynolds RP, Senaris JC, Schneider GE. 2007. Herpetofauna of Mount Roraima, Guiana Shield region, northeastern South America. Herpetological Review 38: 24 - 30." type="journal article" year="2007">Lathrop and MacCulloch, 2007</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
as a junior synonym of
<taxonomicName id="09A14D0AFFA0FF946966FD72FCE1F87A" authority="(Boulenger 1895)" baseAuthorityName="Boulenger" baseAuthorityYear="1895" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Oreophrynella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="12" pageNumber="11" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="macconnelli">
<emphasis id="FCD5EA9BFFA0FF946966FD72FB4AF859" box="[1104,1267,1902,1926]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="11">O. macconnelli</emphasis>
(Boulenger 1895)
</taxonomicName>
. Barrio-Amorós (1998, 2004, 2009) incorrectly gave the species name as
<taxonomicName id="09A14D0AFFA2FF966CA9FA92FD8DFF79" authorityName="Boulenger" authorityYear="1900" box="[415,564,142,166]" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Oreophrynella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="14" pageNumber="13" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="macconelli">
<emphasis id="FCD5EA9BFFA2FF966CA9FA92FD8DFF79" box="[415,564,142,166]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="13">O. macconelli</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<emphasis id="FCD5EA9BFFA2FF966F72FA92FD61FF79" box="[580,728,142,166]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="13">lapsus calami</emphasis>
).
</paragraph>
<caption id="9ADE6601FFA1FF956DBBF846FEBCFD53" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11404307" ID-Zenodo-Dep="11404307" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11404307/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="12" startId="13.[141,165,602,623]" targetBox="[141,751,141,596]" targetPageId="13" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="CE1E3689FFA1FF956DBBF846FEBCFD53" blockId="13.[141,745,602,652]" pageId="13" pageNumber="12">
<emphasis id="FCD5EA9BFFA1FF956DBBF846FF13FDB0" bold="true" box="[141,170,602,623]" pageId="13" pageNumber="12">11.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="09A14D0AFFA1FF956D99F846FE39FDB0" authorityName="Diego-Aransay and Gorzula" authorityYear="1988" box="[175,384,602,623]" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Oreophrynella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="13" pageNumber="12" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="huberi">
<emphasis id="FCD5EA9BFFA1FF956D99F846FE39FDB0" box="[175,384,602,623]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="12">Oreophrynella huberi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. Cerro el Sol summit, Bolivar. Photo: Anonymous.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="9ADE6601FFA1FF956E21F846FC5AFD53" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11404309" ID-Zenodo-Dep="11404309" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11404309/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="12" startId="13.[791,816,602,623]" targetBox="[780,1395,141,597]" targetPageId="13" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="CE1E3689FFA1FF956E21F846FC5AFD53" blockId="13.[791,1396,602,652]" pageId="13" pageNumber="12">
<emphasis id="FCD5EA9BFFA1FF956E21F846FC8CFDB0" bold="true" box="[791,821,602,623]" pageId="13" pageNumber="12">12.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="09A14D0AFFA1FF956E72F846FBEDFDB0" baseAuthorityName="Boulenger" baseAuthorityYear="1895" box="[836,1108,602,623]" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Oreophrynella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="13" pageNumber="12" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="macconnelli">
<emphasis id="FCD5EA9BFFA1FF956E72F846FBEDFDB0" box="[836,1108,602,623]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="12">Oreophrynella macconnelli</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. Maringma tepui, Guyana. Photo: Philippe Kok.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="9ADE6601FFA1FF956DBBFE86FEDEFB13" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11404311" ID-Zenodo-Dep="11404311" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11404311/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="12" startId="13.[141,166,1178,1199]" targetBox="[141,744,679,1168]" targetPageId="13" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="CE1E3689FFA1FF956DBBFE86FEDEFB13" blockId="13.[141,745,1178,1228]" pageId="13" pageNumber="12">
<emphasis id="FCD5EA9BFFA1FF956DBBFE86FF15FB70" bold="true" box="[141,172,1178,1199]" pageId="13" pageNumber="12">13.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="09A14D0AFFA1FF956D8EFE86FE3CFB6F" authorityName="Senaris, Ayarzaguena and Gorzula" authorityYear="1994" box="[184,389,1178,1200]" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Oreophrynella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="13" pageNumber="12" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="nigra">
<emphasis id="FCD5EA9BFFA1FF956D8EFE86FE3CFB6F" box="[184,389,1178,1200]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="12">Oreophrynella nigra</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. Yuruani Summit, Bolivar. Photo: César Barrio-Amorós.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="9ADE6601FFA1FF956E21FE86FBEEFB12" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11404315" ID-Zenodo-Dep="11404315" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11404315/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="12" startId="13.[791,816,1178,1199]" targetBox="[781,1395,680,1172]" targetPageId="13" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="CE1E3689FFA1FF956E21FE86FBEEFB12" blockId="13.[791,1395,1178,1229]" pageId="13" pageNumber="12">
<emphasis id="FCD5EA9BFFA1FF956E21FE86FCFFFB70" bold="true" box="[791,838,1178,1199]" pageId="13" pageNumber="12">14A.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="09A14D0AFFA1FF956E62FE86FB85FB70" baseAuthorityName="Boulenger" baseAuthorityYear="1895" box="[852,1084,1178,1199]" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Oreophrynella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="13" pageNumber="12" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="quelchii">
<emphasis id="FCD5EA9BFFA1FF956E62FE86FB85FB70" box="[852,1084,1178,1199]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="12">Oreophrynella quelchii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. Summit of Mount Roraima, Bolivar. Photo: Roger Manrique.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="9ADE6601FFA1FF956DBBFCDAFE77F926" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11404317" ID-Zenodo-Dep="11404317" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11404317/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="12" startId="13.[141,166,1734,1755]" targetBox="[141,756,1259,1724]" targetPageId="13" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="CE1E3689FFA1FF956DBBFCDAFE77F926" blockId="13.[141,746,1734,1785]" pageId="13" pageNumber="12">
<emphasis id="FCD5EA9BFFA1FF956DBBFCDAFF05F904" bold="true" box="[141,188,1734,1755]" pageId="13" pageNumber="12">14B.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="09A14D0AFFA1FF956DFCFCDBFE08F903" baseAuthorityName="Boulenger" baseAuthorityYear="1895" box="[202,433,1735,1756]" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Oreophrynella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="13" pageNumber="12" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="quelchii">
<emphasis id="FCD5EA9BFFA1FF956DFCFCDBFE08F903" box="[202,433,1735,1756]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="12">Oreophrynella quelchii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. Summit of Mount Roraima, Bolivar. Photo: Roger Manrique.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="9ADE6601FFA1FF956E21FCDAFC62F926" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11404324" ID-Zenodo-Dep="11404324" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11404324/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="12" startId="13.[791,816,1734,1755]" targetBox="[783,1395,1259,1724]" targetPageId="13" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="CE1E3689FFA1FF956E21FCDAFC62F926" blockId="13.[791,1396,1734,1785]" pageId="13" pageNumber="12">
<emphasis id="FCD5EA9BFFA1FF956E21FCDAFC8CF904" bold="true" box="[791,821,1734,1755]" pageId="13" pageNumber="12">15.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="09A14D0AFFA1FF956E75FCDBFB89F903" authorityName="Senaris, Ayarzaguena and Gorzula" authorityYear="1994" box="[835,1072,1735,1756]" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Oreophrynella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="13" pageNumber="12" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="vasquezi">
<emphasis id="FCD5EA9BFFA1FF956E75FCDBFB89F903" box="[835,1072,1735,1756]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="12">Oreophrynella vasquezi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. Summit of Ilú-tepui, Bolivar. Photo: Javier Mesa.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="CE1E3689FFA2FF966DBBFAB1FE19FE99" blockId="14.[141,746,142,326]" pageId="14" pageNumber="13">
<emphasis id="FCD5EA9BFFA2FF966DBBFAB1FECAFF1A" bold="true" box="[141,371,173,197]" pageId="14" pageNumber="13">Selected references:</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="AA304B78FFA2FF966C48FAB2FDFBFF19" author="Boulenger GA" box="[382,578,174,198]" pageId="14" pageNumber="13" pagination="51 - 76" refId="ref87338" refString="Boulenger GA. 1900. Batrachians. Pp. 55 - 56 In: Report on a collection made by Messrs. F. V. MacConnell and J. J. Quelch at Mount Roraima in British Guiana. Editor, Roy Lankester E. Transactions of the Linnean Society of London, Second Series, Zoology 8: 51 - 76." type="journal article" year="1900">Boulenger (1900)</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="AA304B78FFA2FF966F64FAB2FD5CFF19" author="Gines H." box="[594,741,174,198]" pageId="14" pageNumber="13" pagination="85 - 146" refId="ref92933" refString="Gines H. 1959. Familias y generos de anfibios Amphibia de Venezuela. Memoria de la Sociedad de Ciencias Naturales La Salle 19: 85 - 146." type="journal article" year="1959">Ginés (1959)</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="AA304B78FFA2FF966DBBFAD2FE93FF39" author="Rivero JA" box="[141,298,206,230]" pageId="14" pageNumber="13" pagination="1 - 267" refId="ref104771" refString="Rivero JA. 1961. Salientia of Venezuela. Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology 126: 1 - 267." type="journal article" year="1961">Rivero (1961</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="AA304B78FFA2FF966C75FAD2FE30FF39" author="Rivero JA" box="[323,393,206,230]" pageId="14" pageNumber="13" pagination="411 - 420" refId="ref104931" refString="Rivero JA. 1964 b. The distribution of Venezuelan frogs V. The Venezuelan Guayana. Caribbean Journal of Science 4: 411 - 420." type="journal article" year="1964">1964b</bibRefCitation>
);
<bibRefCitation id="AA304B78FFA2FF966C9FFAD2FD3AFF39" author="McDiarmid R." box="[425,643,206,230]" pageId="14" pageNumber="13" pagination="1 - 66" refId="ref100973" refString="McDiarmid R. 1971. Comparative morphology and evolution on frogs of the Neotropical genera Atelopus, Dendrophryniscus, Melanophryniscus and Oreophrynella. Bulletin of Los Angeles County Museum of Natural History 12: 1 - 66." type="journal article" year="1971">McDiarmid (1971)</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="AA304B78FFA2FF966FAAFAD2FF6EFED9" author="Warren A." pageId="14" pageNumber="13" refId="ref110397" refString="Warren A. 1971. Roraima. Report of the 1971 British Expedition to Mount Roraima in Guyana, South America. Privately printed. 152 p." type="book" year="1971">Warren (1971)</bibRefCitation>
; Señaris et al. (1994, 2014);
<bibRefCitation id="AA304B78FFA2FF966F0EFAF2FEFAFEF9" author="McDiarmid RW &amp; Donnelly MA" pageId="14" pageNumber="13" pagination="461 - 560" refId="ref101048" refString="McDiarmid RW, Donnelly MA. 2005. The herpetofauna of the Guayana Highlands: amphibians and reptiles of the Lost World. Pp. 461 - 560. In: Ecology and Evolution in the Tropics: A Herpetological Perspective. Editors, Donnelly MA, Crother BI, Guyer C, Wake MH, White ME. University of Chicago Press, Chicago, Illinois, USA. 584 p." type="book chapter" year="2005">McDiarmid and Donnelly (2005)</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="AA304B78FFA2FF966C79FB12FD16FEF9" author="MacCulloch RD &amp; Lathrop A &amp; Reynolds RP &amp; Senaris JC &amp; Schneider GE" box="[335,687,270,294]" pageId="14" pageNumber="13" pagination="24 - 30" refId="ref100372" refString="MacCulloch RD, Lathrop A, Reynolds RP, Senaris JC, Schneider GE. 2007. Herpetofauna of Mount Roraima, Guiana Shield region, northeastern South America. Herpetological Review 38: 24 - 30." type="journal article" year="2007">Lathrop and MacCulloch (2007)</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="AA304B78FFA2FF966F8DFB12FF61FE99" author="Kok PJR" pageId="14" pageNumber="13" pagination="35 - 49" refId="ref96444" refString="Kok PJR. 2009. A new species of Oreophrynella (Anura: Bufonidae) from the Pantepui region of Guyana, with notes on O. macconelli Boulenger, 1900. Zootaxa 2071: 35 - 49." type="journal article" year="2009">Kok (2009)</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="AA304B78FFA2FF966DD5FB32FE25FE99" author="Kok PJR &amp; Dezfoulian R &amp; Means DB &amp; Fouquet A &amp; Barrio-Amoros CB" box="[227,412,302,326]" pageId="14" pageNumber="13" pagination="1 - 30" refId="ref97004" refString="Kok PJR, Dezfoulian R, Means DB, Fouquet A, Barrio-Amoros CB. 2018. Amended diagnosis and redescription of Pristimantis marmoratus (Boulenger, 1900) (Amphibia: Craugastoridae), with a description of its advertisement call and notes on its breeding ecology and phylogenetic relationships. European Journal of Taxonomy 397: 1 - 30." type="journal article" year="2018">Kok et al. (2018)</bibRefCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>