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<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.661.10677" ID-GBIF-Dataset="9bee49e3-7184-47ae-8c81-8087c21739a6" ID-PMC="PMC5539366" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1313-2970-661-15" ID-PubMed="28769602" ID-ZBK="7ADEBBF244A04276AB7D1EB2BBFD8953" ModsDocAuthor="" ModsDocDate="2017" ModsDocID="1313-2970-661-15" ModsDocOrigin="ZooKeys 661" ModsDocTitle="Taxonomic notes on the armored spiders of the families Pacullidae and Tetrablemmidae (Arachnida, Araneae) from Singapore" checkinTime="1489572793026" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Lin, Yucheng, Koh, Joseph K. H., Koponen, Seppo &amp; Li, Shuqiang" docDate="2017" docId="446EA55B5589AE8FA3990C36BB19FCE1" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 661: 15-60" docOrigin="ZooKeys 661" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.661.10677" docTitle="Singaporemma lenachanae Lin &amp; Li, sp. n." docType="treatment" docUuid="0A6AB9AF-31B6-4153-A353-5AA16C45E72D" docUuidSource="ZooBank" docVersion="5" lastPageNumber="26" masterDocId="D064C572FFEFFFD88F28FFD23F2FFFDE" masterDocTitle="Taxonomic notes on the armored spiders of the families Pacullidae and Tetrablemmidae (Arachnida, Araneae) from Singapore" masterLastPageNumber="60" masterPageNumber="15" pageNumber="23" updateTime="1668164295527" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
<mods:titleInfo>
<mods:title>Taxonomic notes on the armored spiders of the families Pacullidae and Tetrablemmidae (Arachnida, Araneae) from Singapore</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Lin, Yucheng</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Koh, Joseph K. H.</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Koponen, Seppo</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Li, Shuqiang</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
<mods:relatedItem type="host">
<mods:titleInfo>
<mods:title>ZooKeys</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:part>
<mods:date>2017</mods:date>
<mods:detail type="volume">
<mods:number>661</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:extent unit="page">
<mods:start>15</mods:start>
<mods:end>60</mods:end>
</mods:extent>
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<mods:location>
<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.661.10677</mods:url>
</mods:location>
<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.661.10677</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1313-2970-661-15</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="ZBK">7ADEBBF244A04276AB7D1EB2BBFD8953</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="ZooBank">7ADEBBF244A04276AB7D1EB2BBFD8953</mods:identifier>
</mods:mods>
<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="127875387" LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:0A6AB9AF-31B6-4153-A353-5AA16C45E72D" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/446EA55B5589AE8FA3990C36BB19FCE1" lastPageId="11" lastPageNumber="26" pageId="8" pageNumber="23">
<subSubSection pageId="8" pageNumber="23" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph pageId="8" pageNumber="23">
<taxonomicName LSID="http://zoobank.org/0A6AB9AF-31B6-4153-A353-5AA16C45E72D" authority="Lin &amp; Li" class="Arachnida" family="Tetrablemmidae" genus="Singaporemma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Singaporemma lenachanae" order="Araneae" pageId="8" pageNumber="23" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lenachanae">Singaporemma lenachanae Lin &amp; Li</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel pageId="8" pageNumber="23">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
Figs 16, 17, 18, 19
<normalizedToken originalValue="BI">B-I</normalizedToken>
, 20
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="9" pageNumber="24" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph pageId="9" pageNumber="24">
<pageBreakToken pageId="9" pageNumber="24" start="start">Material</pageBreakToken>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="9" pageNumber="24">
Holotype ♂ (LKCNHM), SINGAPORE: Bukit Timah Nature Reserve, Seraya Loop, altitude 118 m,
<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="1.3570555">1°21'25.4&quot;N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="103.7737">103°46'25.3&quot;E</geoCoordinate>
, 17 August 2015, S. Li and Y. Tong leg. Paratypes 4♂ and 2♀ (LKCNHM), same data as holotype.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="9" pageNumber="24" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph pageId="9" pageNumber="24">Other material examined.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="9" pageNumber="24">3♂ and 2♀ (NHMSU), SINGAPORE: Bukit Timah Nature Reserve, Seraya Loop, altitude 118 m, N1°21'25.4&quot;, E103°46'25.3&quot;, 17 August 2015, S. Li and Y. Tong leg.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="9" pageNumber="24" type="other species studied for comparison">
<paragraph pageId="9" pageNumber="24">Other species studied for comparison.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="9" pageNumber="24">
<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Tetrablemmidae" genus="Singaporemma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Singaporemma halongense" order="Araneae" pageId="9" pageNumber="24" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="halongense">Singaporemma halongense</taxonomicName>
Lehtinen, 1981 (Figs 19A, 21
<normalizedToken originalValue="AD">A-D</normalizedToken>
; Lehtinen, 1981: 31, figs 43, 49, 54, 58, 62). Paratype 1♂ (NHMSU), VIETNAM: Quang Ninh, Ha Long, in litter of brook valley, altitude 30 m, 11 October 1978, P.T. Lehtinen leg.
</paragraph>
<caption pageId="9" pageNumber="24">
<paragraph pageId="9" pageNumber="24">
Figure 16.
<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Tetrablemmidae" genus="Singaporemma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Singaporemma lenachanae" order="Araneae" pageId="9" pageNumber="24" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lenachanae">Singaporemma lenachanae</taxonomicName>
sp. n., male holotype (
<normalizedToken originalValue="AB">A-B</normalizedToken>
, E, G) and female paratype (
<normalizedToken originalValue="CD">C-D</normalizedToken>
, F, H).
<normalizedToken originalValue="AD">A-D</normalizedToken>
,
<normalizedToken originalValue="GH">G-H</normalizedToken>
habitus
<normalizedToken originalValue="EF">E-F</normalizedToken>
prosoma. A, C dorsal B, D ventral
<normalizedToken originalValue="EF">E-F</normalizedToken>
anterior
<normalizedToken originalValue="GH">G-H</normalizedToken>
lateral. Scale bars: 0.10 mm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="10" pageNumber="25" type="etymology">
<paragraph pageId="10" pageNumber="25">
<pageBreakToken pageId="10" pageNumber="25" start="start">Etymology</pageBreakToken>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="10" pageNumber="25">Patronymic in honour of Dr Lena Chan from the National Biodiversity Centre, Singapore in recognition of her support of this study; noun (name) in genitive case.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="10" pageNumber="25" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph pageId="10" pageNumber="25">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="10" pageNumber="25">
This new species can be distinguished from all other congeners with the exception of
<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Tetrablemmidae" genus="Singaporemma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Singaporemma banxiaoensis" order="Araneae" pageId="10" pageNumber="25" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="banxiaoensis">Singaporemma banxiaoensis</taxonomicName>
Lin &amp; Li, 2014,
<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Tetrablemmidae" genus="Singaporemma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Singaporemma halongense" order="Araneae" pageId="10" pageNumber="25" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="halongense">Singaporemma halongense</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Tetrablemmidae" genus="Singaporemma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Singaporemma singulare" order="Araneae" pageId="10" pageNumber="25" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="singulare">Singaporemma singulare</taxonomicName>
by the slender, straight embolus without any furcated end (Fig. 17
<normalizedToken originalValue="BE">B-E</normalizedToken>
), the lack of central process, and the
<normalizedToken originalValue="“T”">&quot;T&quot;</normalizedToken>
-shaped inner vulval plate (Fig. 20C). It differs from
<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Tetrablemmidae" genus="Singaporemma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Singaporemma banxiaoensis" order="Araneae" pageId="10" pageNumber="25" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="banxiaoensis">Singaporemma banxiaoensis</taxonomicName>
(see Lin and Li, 2014: 42, fig. 5
<normalizedToken originalValue="AD">A-D</normalizedToken>
) by the lower initial position of embolus (Fig. 17A vs. fig. 5A), the wider embolic end (Fig. 17D, 19
<normalizedToken originalValue="BC">B-C</normalizedToken>
vs. Fig. 5D), the wider, shorter preanal scutum (Fig. 20B vs. Fig. 6B), the narrower lateral horns, and the
<normalizedToken originalValue="“T”">&quot;T&quot;</normalizedToken>
-shaped inner vulval plate (Fig. 20C vs. Fig. 6C). Differs from
<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Tetrablemmidae" genus="Singaporemma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Singaporemma halongense" order="Araneae" pageId="10" pageNumber="25" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="halongense">Singaporemma halongense</taxonomicName>
(see Figs 19A, 21
<normalizedToken originalValue="AD">A-D</normalizedToken>
, and Lehtinen, 1981: 31, fig. 58) by the sharper, narrower embolic end (Fig. 19
<normalizedToken originalValue="BI">B-I</normalizedToken>
vs. Fig. 19A), the wider preanal scutum and the
<normalizedToken originalValue="“T”">&quot;T&quot;</normalizedToken>
-shaped inner vulval plate (Fig. 20
<normalizedToken originalValue="BC">B-C</normalizedToken>
vs. fig. 58). From
<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Tetrablemmidae" genus="Singaporemma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Singaporemma singulare" order="Araneae" pageId="10" pageNumber="25" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="singulare">Singaporemma singulare</taxonomicName>
(see Figs 23
<normalizedToken originalValue="AE">A-E</normalizedToken>
, 25
<normalizedToken originalValue="AE">A-E</normalizedToken>
) by the shorter ovate bulb (Fig. 18
<normalizedToken originalValue="AF">A-F</normalizedToken>
vs. Fig. 23
<normalizedToken originalValue="AC">A-C</normalizedToken>
, 25
<normalizedToken originalValue="DE">D-E</normalizedToken>
), the bent embolic end (Fig. 17D, 19
<normalizedToken originalValue="BI">B-I</normalizedToken>
vs. Fig. 23D, 25C), the more swollen palpal tibia (Fig. 18
<normalizedToken originalValue="AF">A-F</normalizedToken>
vs. Fig. 23
<normalizedToken originalValue="AB">A-B</normalizedToken>
, 25
<normalizedToken originalValue="DE">D-E</normalizedToken>
), the narrower postgenital scutum and preanal scutum (Fig. 20B vs. Fig. 23H, 26B), and the larger inner vulval plate (Fig. 20C vs. Fig. 26C).
</paragraph>
<caption pageId="10" pageNumber="25">
<paragraph pageId="10" pageNumber="25">
Figure 17.
<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Tetrablemmidae" genus="Singaporemma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Singaporemma lenachanae" order="Araneae" pageId="10" pageNumber="25" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lenachanae">Singaporemma lenachanae</taxonomicName>
sp. n., male holotype. A palpal bulb, ventral B left palp, anterior Cditto, prolateral D embolic end, prolateral E left palp, retrolateral. Abbreviation: ep = embolic part of apes of palpal organ. Scale bars: 0.10 mm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection lastPageId="11" lastPageNumber="26" pageId="10" pageNumber="25" type="description">
<paragraph pageId="10" pageNumber="25">Description.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="10" pageNumber="25">Male (holotype). Coloration: body reddish-brown; legs yellowish-brown.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="10" pageNumber="25">Measurements: total length 0.86; carapace 0.42 long, 0.38 wide, 0.40 high; abdomen 0.58 long, 0.49 wide, 0.39 high; clypeus 0.17 high; sternum 0.24 long, 0.27 wide. Length of legs: I 0.95 (0.31, 0.11, 0.22, 0.15, 0.16); II 0.87 (0.27, 0.10, 0.20, 0.15, 0.15); III 0.77 (0.24, 0.10, 0.16, 0.14, 0.13); IV 0.99 (0.33, 0.11, 0.23, 0.17, 0.15).</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="10" pageNumber="25">
Prosoma (Fig. 16
<normalizedToken originalValue="AB">A-B</normalizedToken>
, E, G): carapace finely reticulated; eyes white, AME=ALE&gt;PLE in size, ARE procured; clypeus high, sloping forward, marginally rounded (Fig. 16C, 16G); cephalic part raised, quadrate (Fig. 16A); thoracic part smooth in radial grooves; Chelicerae without any horn or process, cheliceral lamina developed; endites basally wide, distally narrow; labium triangular, distally blunt; sternum finely reticulated, scutellate, posterior corner blunt, margin rugose, with sparse setae. Legs cuticle striated.
</paragraph>
<caption pageId="10" pageNumber="25">
<paragraph pageId="10" pageNumber="25">
Figure 18.
<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Tetrablemmidae" genus="Singaporemma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Singaporemma lenachanae" order="Araneae" pageId="10" pageNumber="25" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lenachanae">Singaporemma lenachanae</taxonomicName>
sp. n., male paratypes.
<normalizedToken originalValue="AF">A-F</normalizedToken>
left palps, prolateral. Scale bars: 0.10 mm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph pageId="10" pageNumber="25">
Opisthosoma (Fig. 16
<normalizedToken originalValue="AB">A-B</normalizedToken>
, G): covered with serrated setae; dorsal scutum oval, but anteriorly truncated, finely reticulated; ventral scutum reticulated; lateral scutum long, and exceeding beyond the posterior margin of preanal scutum; perigenital scutum present; postgenital scutum straight, narrow, same wide as preanal scutum; preanal scutum shallow rectangular.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="10" pageNumber="25">
Palp (Figs 17
<normalizedToken originalValue="AE">A-E</normalizedToken>
, 18
<normalizedToken originalValue="AF">A-F</normalizedToken>
, 19
<normalizedToken originalValue="BI">B-I</normalizedToken>
): femoral cuticle sculptured and granulated, approximately 2.5 times patella in length; patella short, and small; tibia remarkably swollen, about 2.3 times femur in width (Fig. 17
<normalizedToken originalValue="BC">B-C</normalizedToken>
, E); cymbium relatively small, bearing long setae; bulb egg-shaped, its surface with irregular lines (Fig. 17
<normalizedToken originalValue="AB">A-B</normalizedToken>
); embolus long, straight, starting at the subapical 1/3 position of bulb prolaterally (Fig. 17
<normalizedToken originalValue="BC">B-C</normalizedToken>
, 18
<normalizedToken originalValue="AF">A-F</normalizedToken>
), embolic end slightly bent, sharp and flexible (Figs 17D, 19
<normalizedToken originalValue="BI">B-I</normalizedToken>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="10" pageNumber="25">Female (one of paratypes). Coloration: same as in male.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="11" pageNumber="26">
<pageBreakToken pageId="11" pageNumber="26" start="start">Measurements</pageBreakToken>
: total length 0.96; carapace 0.44 long, 0.38 wide, 0.41 high; abdomen 0.64 long, 0.52 wide, 0.40 high; clypeus 0.15 high; sternum 0.26 long, 0.27 wide. Length of legs: I 0.91 (0.28, 0.12, 0.20, 0.15, 0.16); II 0.83 (0.26, 0.11, 0.18, 0.14, 0.14); III 0.76 (0.24, 0.10, 0.16, 0.13, 0.13); IV 0.98 (0.32, 0.11, 0.22, 0.17, 0.16).
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="11" pageNumber="26">
Prosoma (Fig. 16
<normalizedToken originalValue="CD">C-D</normalizedToken>
, F, H) as in male, but clypeus slightly lower than in male. Palps distinctly reduced. Legs also as in male.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="11" pageNumber="26">
Opisthosoma (Figs 16
<normalizedToken originalValue="CD">C-D</normalizedToken>
, H; 20A): dorsal and ventral scuta as in male; lateral scutum I long, extending beyond posterior margin of preanal scutum; perigenital scuta small, oval; postgenital scutum slightly curved, wider than preanal scutum; preanal scutum sculptured, shallow rectangular, with sparse serrated setae.
</paragraph>
<caption pageId="11" pageNumber="26">
<paragraph pageId="11" pageNumber="26">
Figure 19.
<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Tetrablemmidae" genus="Singaporemma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Singaporemma halongense" order="Araneae" pageId="11" pageNumber="26" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="halongense">Singaporemma halongense</taxonomicName>
Lehtinen, 1981, male paratype (A), and
<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Tetrablemmidae" genus="Singaporemma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Singaporemma lenachanae" order="Araneae" pageId="11" pageNumber="26" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lenachanae">Singaporemma lenachanae</taxonomicName>
sp. n., male paratypes (
<normalizedToken originalValue="BI">B-I</normalizedToken>
). A embolic end, prolateral
<normalizedToken originalValue="BIditto">B-Iditto</normalizedToken>
, prolateral. Abbreviations: ep = embolic part of apes of palpal organ. Scale bars: 0.10 mm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph pageId="11" pageNumber="26">
Genitalia (Fig. 20
<normalizedToken originalValue="BD">B-D</normalizedToken>
): epigynal pit distinct, oval (Fig. 20B, D); vulval posterior margin weakly sclerotized (Fig. 20C); vulval stem triangular; central process absent; inner vulval plate
<normalizedToken originalValue="“T”">&quot;T&quot;</normalizedToken>
-shaped (Fig. 20C); lateral horn narrow, and weakly sclerotized; vulval ducts relatively wide, membranous and translucent, connected to the rugose, large, saccular seminal receptaculum (Fig. 20C).
</paragraph>
<caption pageId="11" pageNumber="26">
<paragraph pageId="11" pageNumber="26">
Figure 20.
<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Tetrablemmidae" genus="Singaporemma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Singaporemma lenachanae" order="Araneae" pageId="11" pageNumber="26" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lenachanae">Singaporemma lenachanae</taxonomicName>
sp. n., female paratype. A opisthosoma B genital area (untreated) C cleared vulva (lactic acid-treated) Dditto.
<normalizedToken originalValue="AB">A-B</normalizedToken>
, D ventral C dorsal. Abbreviations: A = anal plate; AV = anterior ventrolateral plate; EP = epigynal pit; IVP = inner vulval plate; L = lateral plate; LH = lateral horn; MV = median ventrolateral plate; PA = preanal plate; PG = postgenital plate; SR = seminal receptaculum; VD = vulval duct; VS = vulval stem. Scale bars: 0.10 mm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption pageId="11" pageNumber="26">
<paragraph pageId="11" pageNumber="26">
Figure 21.
<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Tetrablemmidae" genus="Singaporemma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Singaporemma halongense" order="Araneae" pageId="11" pageNumber="26" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="halongense">Singaporemma halongense</taxonomicName>
Lehtinen, 1981, male paratype. A prosoma, dorsal Bditto, ventral C left palp, prolateral Dditto, retrolateral. Abbreviations: ep = embolic part of apes of palpal organ; sd = spermatic duct. Scale bars: 0.10 mm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="11" pageNumber="26" type="distribution">
<paragraph pageId="11" pageNumber="26">Distribution.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="11" pageNumber="26">Singapore.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>