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<document id="FE4A2028A5D7C6953A3B8743865A99B1" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.3964.2.5" ID-GBIF-Dataset="5b98e1be-4906-4d14-9467-669869ef30e2" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="236970" ID-ZooBank="18518AD1-6276-4679-83CB-E7C162A5B388" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1461074255255" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Voltski, Ivan &amp; Pawlowski, Jan" docDate="2015" docId="3B6387A4D048FFA50BA761D32A07FC7C" docLanguage="en" docName="zt03964p259.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 3964 (2)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Flexammina Voltski &amp; Pawlowski, 2015, gen. nov." docType="treatment" docVersion="8" lastPageNumber="247" masterDocId="C75AFFDCD04AFFA70B3061442E47FF96" masterDocTitle="Flexammina islandica gen. nov. sp. nov. and some new phylotypes of monothalamous foraminifera from the coast of Iceland" masterLastPageNumber="259" masterPageNumber="245" pageNumber="247" updateTime="1698585902113" updateUser="plazi">
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<mods:title id="C7C15F10C8AB174EA4744F18B727D2A7">Flexammina islandica gen. nov. sp. nov. and some new phylotypes of monothalamous foraminifera from the coast of Iceland</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="2B2E26B3E7DC01676702A552FE360B0F">Voltski, Ivan</mods:namePart>
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<mods:date id="E1CB0B42FF5A5FD4725288FFF3B476C9">2015</mods:date>
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<treatment id="3B6387A4D048FFA50BA761D32A07FC7C" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6105706" ID-GBIF-Taxon="119617277" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6105706" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:3B6387A4D048FFA50BA761D32A07FC7C" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/3B6387A4D048FFA50BA761D32A07FC7C" lastPageNumber="247" pageId="2" pageNumber="247">
<subSubSection id="FBD06539D048FFA50BA761D32FE1FF24" box="[151,422,151,178]" pageId="2" pageNumber="247" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="B37536B2D048FFA50BA761D32FE1FF24" blockId="2.[151,422,151,178]" box="[151,422,151,178]" pageId="2" pageNumber="247">
<heading id="E83D81DED048FFA50BA761D32FE1FF24" bold="true" box="[151,422,151,178]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="2" pageNumber="247" reason="1">
<emphasis id="81BEEAA0D048FFA50BA761D32FE1FF24" bold="true" box="[151,422,151,178]" pageId="2" pageNumber="247">
<taxonomicName id="74CA4D31D048FFA50BA761D32F75FF27" ID-CoL="7PG3W" box="[151,306,151,177]" class="Monothalamea" genus="Flexammina" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Chromista" pageId="2" pageNumber="247" phylum="Foraminifera" rank="genus" status="gen. nov.">
<emphasis id="81BEEAA0D048FFA50BA761D32F75FF27" bold="true" box="[151,306,151,177]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="247">Flexammina</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="9A8D57DBD048FFA50A0861DC2FE1FF24" box="[312,422,152,178]" pageId="2" pageNumber="247" rank="genus">gen. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
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<subSubSection id="FBD06539D048FFA50BA7619A2AC2FE8C" pageId="2" pageNumber="247" type="etymology">
<paragraph id="B37536B2D048FFA50BA7619A2AC2FE8C" blockId="2.[151,1437,222,1003]" pageId="2" pageNumber="247">
<emphasis id="81BEEAA0D048FFA50BA7619A2F51FF61" bold="true" box="[151,278,222,247]" pageId="2" pageNumber="247">Etymology</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="81BEEAA0D048FFA50A00619A2F25FF60" box="[304,354,222,246]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="247">Flex</emphasis>
from English flexible denoting the plasticity of the test shape;
<emphasis id="81BEEAA0D048FFA50F5B619B2A82FF60" box="[1131,1221,223,246]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="247">ammina</emphasis>
—from the Greek psammon meaning sand—refers to the agglutinated mineral material covering the test.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="FBD06539D048FFA50BF760622C2EFEA8" box="[199,617,294,319]" pageId="2" pageNumber="247" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="B37536B2D048FFA50BF760622C2EFEA8" blockId="2.[151,1437,222,1003]" box="[199,617,294,319]" pageId="2" pageNumber="247">
<emphasis id="81BEEAA0D048FFA50BF760622F1CFEA9" bold="true" box="[199,347,294,319]" pageId="2" pageNumber="247">
<typeStatus id="6C718810D048FFA50BF760622F45FEA9" box="[199,258,294,319]" pageId="2" pageNumber="247">Type</typeStatus>
species
</emphasis>
.
<taxonomicName id="74CA4D31D048FFA50A5960622C24FEA8" box="[361,611,294,318]" class="Monothalamea" genus="Flexammina" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Chromista" pageId="2" pageNumber="247" phylum="Foraminifera" rank="species" species="islandica">
<emphasis id="81BEEAA0D048FFA50A5960622C24FEA8" box="[361,611,294,318]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="247">Flexammina islandica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="FBD06539D048FFA50BF7600E2D3AFE64" pageId="2" pageNumber="247" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="B37536B2D048FFA50BF7600E2D96FE3D" blockId="2.[151,1437,222,1003]" pageId="2" pageNumber="247">
<emphasis id="81BEEAA0D048FFA50BF7600E2F7DFEF5" bold="true" box="[199,314,330,355]" pageId="2" pageNumber="247">Diagnosis</emphasis>
. Test free or attached, monothalamous. The test shape is subspherical or elongated when free, domelike when attached; aperture subcircular to irregular, surrounded by a short collar; test wall flexible, formed by a thick layer of mineral grains with an underlying layer of organic material.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="B37536B2D048FFA50BF760F22D3AFE64" blockId="2.[151,1437,222,1003]" pageId="2" pageNumber="247">
<emphasis id="81BEEAA0D048FFA50BF760F22F82FE59" bold="true" box="[199,453,438,463]" pageId="2" pageNumber="247">Phylogenetic position</emphasis>
. The
<typeStatus id="6C718810D048FFA5093660F32C71FE59" box="[518,566,439,463]" pageId="2" pageNumber="247">type</typeStatus>
species
<taxonomicName id="74CA4D31D048FFA509A560F32D50FE58" box="[661,791,438,462]" class="Monothalamea" genus="Flexammina" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Chromista" pageId="2" pageNumber="247" phylum="Foraminifera" rank="species" species="islandica">
<emphasis id="81BEEAA0D048FFA509A560F32D50FE58" box="[661,791,438,462]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="247">F. islandica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
branches in the clade M of monothalamous foraminifera, based on the phylogenetic analysis of SSU rDNA gene sequences.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="FBD06539D048FFA50BF760BA2A07FC7C" pageId="2" pageNumber="247" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="B37536B2D048FFA50BF760BA2C07FCCD" blockId="2.[151,1437,222,1003]" pageId="2" pageNumber="247">
<emphasis id="81BEEAA0D048FFA50BF760BA2F73FD81" bold="true" box="[199,308,510,535]" pageId="2" pageNumber="247">Remarks</emphasis>
. There are some monothalamids that morphologically resemble
<emphasis id="81BEEAA0D048FFA50F3960BA2ADBFD80" box="[1033,1180,510,534]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="247">
<taxonomicName id="74CA4D31D048FFA50F3960BA2ADEFD80" box="[1033,1177,510,534]" class="Monothalamea" genus="Flexammina" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Chromista" pageId="2" pageNumber="247" phylum="Foraminifera" rank="genus">Flexammina</taxonomicName>
.
</emphasis>
Of these,
<taxonomicName id="74CA4D31D048FFA50E2060BB2FDFFDAD" authority="Cedhagen et al. (2009)" authorityName="Cedhagen et al." authorityYear="2009" class="Monothalamea" family="Saccamminidae" genus="Leptammina" kingdom="Chromista" order="Astrorhizida" pageId="2" pageNumber="247" phylum="Foraminifera" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="81BEEAA0D048FFA50E2060BB2BDBFD80" box="[1296,1436,511,534]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="247">Leptammina</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="D75B4B43D048FFA50BA763662FDFFDAD" box="[151,408,546,571]" pageId="2" pageNumber="247" refString="Cedhagen, T., Gooday, A. J. &amp; Pawlowski, J. (2009) A new genus and two new species of saccamminid foraminiferans (Protista, Rhizaria) from the deep Southern Ocean. Zootaxa, 2096, 9 - 22." type="journal article">
Cedhagen
<emphasis id="81BEEAA0D048FFA50A3E63672F78FDAD" box="[270,319,547,571]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="247">et al</emphasis>
. (2009)
</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
is a genus from the deep Weddell Sea, with a similar test morphology possessing a flexible spherical test composed of fine mineral particles and a collared aperture. However, there is no evidence that
<taxonomicName id="74CA4D31D048FFA50BA7632F2F64FD14" box="[151,291,619,642]" class="Monothalamea" family="Saccamminidae" genus="Leptammina" kingdom="Chromista" order="Astrorhizida" pageId="2" pageNumber="247" phylum="Foraminifera" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="81BEEAA0D048FFA50BA7632F2F64FD14" box="[151,291,619,642]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="247">Leptammina</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is able to assume attached dome-shaped form; its test wall agglutination is more uniform and finer. Moreover, this genus is very distant genetically, belonging to the clade C of monothalamids. Some species of
<taxonomicName id="74CA4D31D048FFA50BA763F72C87FD5D" authority="Loeblich and Tappan (1957)" authorityName="Loeblich and Tappan" authorityYear="1957" box="[151,704,690,715]" class="Monothalamea" family="Stegnamminidae" genus="Hemisphaerammina" kingdom="Chromista" order="Astrorhizida" pageId="2" pageNumber="247" phylum="Foraminifera" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="81BEEAA0D048FFA50BA763F72F3DFD5D" box="[151,378,691,715]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="247">Hemisphaerammina</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="D75B4B43D048FFA50AB163F62C87FD5D" author="Loeblich" box="[385,704,690,715]" pageId="2" pageNumber="247" refString="Loeblich Jr, A. R. &amp; Tappan, H. (1957) Eleven new genera of Foraminifera. US National Museum Bulletin, 215, 223 - 232." type="journal article" year="1957">Loeblich and Tappan (1957)</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="74CA4D31D048FFA509C863F72A4AFD5D" authority="Goes (1894)" authorityName="Goes" authorityYear="1894" box="[760,1037,691,715]" class="Monothalamea" family="Crithioninidae" genus="Crithionina" kingdom="Chromista" order="Astrorhizida" pageId="2" pageNumber="247" phylum="Foraminifera" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="81BEEAA0D048FFA509C863F72D3CFD5D" box="[760,891,691,715]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="247">Crithionina</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="D75B4B43D048FFA508B263F72A4AFD5D" author="Goes" box="[898,1037,691,715]" pageId="2" pageNumber="247" refString="Goes, A. T. (1894) A synopsis of the Arctic and Scandinavian recent marine foraminifera hitherto discovered. Kongl. Svenska Vetenskaps-Akademiens Handlingar, 25, 1 - 127." type="journal article" year="1894">Goës (1894)</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
superficially resemble the attached form of
<taxonomicName id="74CA4D31D048FFA50BC563922FC6FD78" box="[245,385,726,750]" class="Monothalamea" genus="Flexammina" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Chromista" pageId="2" pageNumber="247" phylum="Foraminifera" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="81BEEAA0D048FFA50BC563922FC6FD78" box="[245,385,726,750]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="247">Flexammina</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by the test shape and the character of their test wall agglutination. However, their tests lack the aperture on the upper surface and the basal test wall in
<taxonomicName id="74CA4D31D048FFA5081B63BF2A49FC85" box="[811,1038,763,787]" class="Monothalamea" family="Stegnamminidae" genus="Hemisphaerammina" kingdom="Chromista" order="Astrorhizida" pageId="2" pageNumber="247" phylum="Foraminifera" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="81BEEAA0D048FFA5081B63BF2A49FC85" box="[811,1038,763,787]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="247">Hemisphaerammina</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is completely absent. According to genetic data,
<taxonomicName id="74CA4D31D048FFA50A1E625A2C56FCA0" box="[302,529,798,822]" class="Monothalamea" family="Stegnamminidae" genus="Hemisphaerammina" kingdom="Chromista" order="Astrorhizida" pageId="2" pageNumber="247" phylum="Foraminifera" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="81BEEAA0D048FFA50A1E625A2C56FCA0" box="[302,529,798,822]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="247">Hemisphaerammina</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is branching at the base of the clade F of monothalamous foraminifera, while the genus
<taxonomicName id="74CA4D31D048FFA50A3862072FCCFCCD" box="[264,395,835,859]" class="Monothalamea" family="Crithioninidae" genus="Crithionina" kingdom="Chromista" order="Astrorhizida" pageId="2" pageNumber="247" phylum="Foraminifera" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="81BEEAA0D048FFA50A3862072FCCFCCD" box="[264,395,835,859]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="247">Crithionina</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is polyphyletic.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="B37536B2D048FFA50BF762222A07FC7C" blockId="2.[151,1437,222,1003]" pageId="2" pageNumber="247">
Finally, some foraminifera reported further in this study, mostly the undetermined saccamminids ICEMON 3 and ICEMON 6 were poorly distinguishable from smaller, free individuals of
<taxonomicName id="74CA4D31D048FFA50F3362CF2AC2FC35" box="[1027,1157,907,931]" class="Monothalamea" genus="Flexammina" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Chromista" pageId="2" pageNumber="247" phylum="Foraminifera" rank="species" species="islandica">
<emphasis id="81BEEAA0D048FFA50F3362CF2AC2FC35" box="[1027,1157,907,931]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="247">F. islandica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. We did not find enough specimens of these saccamminids to provide the full descriptive information and clearly outline the essential morphological differences, but none of them were genetically close to
<taxonomicName id="74CA4D31D048FFA5089D62972A7EFC7D" box="[941,1081,979,1003]" class="Monothalamea" genus="Flexammina" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Chromista" pageId="2" pageNumber="247" phylum="Foraminifera" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="81BEEAA0D048FFA5089D62972A7EFC7D" box="[941,1081,979,1003]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="247">Flexammina</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
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