treatments-xml/data/3B/16/87/3B168794FFB6F823FF1AFC8ABA65E62C.xml

<document id="FE959773E101BFF391C336CE399608FC" ID-ISSN="1175­5334" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1629794286657" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Hodgson, Chris J. &amp; Peronti, Ana L. B. G." docDate="2012" docId="3B168794FFB6F823FF1AFC8ABA65E62C" docLanguage="en" docName="zt03372p265.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 3372" docStyle="DocumentStyle:D239614CE4198176A422035174489AB1.4:Zootaxa.2009-2012.monograph" docStyleId="D239614CE4198176A422035174489AB1" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2009-2012.monograph" docStyleVersion="4" docTitle="Ceroplastes floridensis Comstock" docType="treatment" docVersion="3" lastPageNumber="64" masterDocId="C72FFFECFF8AF81CFF8DFFC8BB23E553" masterDocTitle="3372" masterLastPageNumber="265" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="61" updateTime="1699112745853" updateUser="plazi" zenodo-license-document="CLOSED">
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<mods:title id="12398E4B6B9AF42B9FD9B22E58D091F5">3372</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="501A69AB290AB008BA333FA9582EB19B">Hodgson, Chris J.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="6EDE6A23F45E59EE97AF7896B78E02D9">Peronti, Ana L. B. G.</mods:namePart>
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<treatment id="3B168794FFB6F823FF1AFC8ABA65E62C" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5255400" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5255400" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:3B168794FFB6F823FF1AFC8ABA65E62C" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/3B168794FFB6F823FF1AFC8ABA65E62C" lastPageId="63" lastPageNumber="64" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">
<subSubSection id="FBA56509FFB6F820FF1AFC8AB90EE60F" box="[151,557,834,860]" pageId="60" pageNumber="61" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="B3003682FFB6F820FF1AFC8AB90EE60F" blockId="60.[151,557,834,893]" box="[151,557,834,860]" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">
<heading id="E84881EEFFB6F820FF1AFC8AB90EE60F" bold="true" box="[151,557,834,860]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="60" pageNumber="61" reason="1">
<taxonomicName id="74BF4D01FFB6F820FF1AFC8AB90EE60F" ID-CoL="69MV7" authority="Comstock" authorityName="Comstock" box="[151,557,834,860]" class="Insecta" family="Coccidae" genus="Ceroplastes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="60" pageNumber="61" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="floridensis">
<emphasis id="81CBEA90FFB6F820FF1AFC8AB90EE60F" bold="true" box="[151,557,834,860]" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">
<emphasis id="81CBEA90FFB6F820FF1AFC8ABA8AE60F" bold="true" box="[151,425,834,860]" italics="true" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">Ceroplastes floridensis</emphasis>
Comstock
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="FBA56509FFB6F820FF1AFCADBABAE62E" box="[151,409,869,893]" pageId="60" pageNumber="61" type="description">
<paragraph id="B3003682FFB6F820FF1AFCADBABAE62E" blockId="60.[151,557,834,893]" box="[151,409,869,893]" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">
(
<figureCitation id="2B842A07FFB6F820FF12FCADBBD0E62E" box="[159,243,869,893]" captionStart="FIGURE 36" captionStartId="62.[151,244,1882,1903]" captionText="FIGURE 36. C. floridensis Comstock. Egypt, Alexandria, no host, 12.vii.1910, W.J. Hall (BMNH). For explanation of labels, see p. 9, plus X = reticulation on caudal process. Notes: (i) each group of stigmatic setae extending out of cleft along margins but not meeting between clefts; (ii) ventral tubular ducts each with a short, swollen inner ductule; (iii) ventral tubular ducts restricted to a submarginal band; (iv) dorsal loculate microducts of complex-type; (v) dorsal setae short and cylindrical; (vi) legs without a tibio-tarsal articulatory sclerosis, and (vi) claw digitules similar." pageId="60" pageNumber="61">Fig. 36</figureCitation>
; Map fig. 104)
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="FBA56509FFB6F820FF1AFC65B9F9E153" pageId="60" pageNumber="61" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="B3003682FFB6F820FF1AFC65B944E690" blockId="60.[151,737,941,1024]" box="[151,615,941,963]" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="93AF11ACFFB6F820FF1AFC65B944E690" box="[151,615,941,963]" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">
<treatmentCitation id="321E1093FFB6F820FF1AFC65B940E690" author="Comstock, J. H." box="[151,611,941,963]" page="331" pageId="60" pageNumber="61" year="1881">
<taxonomicName id="74BF4D01FFB6F820FF1AFC65B940E690" ID-CoL="69MV7" authority="Comstock, 1881: 331" authorityName="Comstock" authorityPageNumber="331" authorityYear="1881" box="[151,611,941,963]" class="Insecta" family="Coccidae" genus="Ceroplastes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="60" pageNumber="61" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="floridensis">
<emphasis id="81CBEA90FFB6F820FF1AFC65BAA3E690" box="[151,384,941,963]" italics="true" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">Ceroplastes floridensis</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="D72E4B73FFB6F820FE0BFC65B940E690" author="Comstock, J. H." box="[390,611,941,963]" pageId="60" pageNumber="61" pagination="276 - 349" refId="ref183940" refString="Comstock, J. H. (1881) Report of the entomologist. Part II. Report on scale insects. Report of the entomologist of the USDA for the year 1880, 276 - 349." type="journal article" year="1881">Comstock, 1881: 331</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</treatmentCitation>
.
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="B3003682FFB6F820FF1AFC04B9C2E6B2" blockId="60.[151,737,941,1024]" box="[151,737,971,994]" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="93AF11ACFFB6F820FF1AFC04B9C2E6B2" box="[151,737,971,994]" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">
<taxonomicName id="74BF4D01FFB6F820FF1AFC04BAD4E6B2" ID-CoL="T4HJ" authority="(Comstock)" baseAuthorityName="Comstock" box="[151,503,971,994]" class="Insecta" family="Coccidae" genus="Cerostegia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="60" pageNumber="61" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="floridensis">
<emphasis id="81CBEA90FFB6F820FF1AFC04BA55E6B1" box="[151,374,972,994]" italics="true" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">Cerostegia floridensis</emphasis>
(Comstock)
</taxonomicName>
; 
<treatmentCitation id="321E1093FFB6F820FD8CFC04B9FEE6B2" author="De Lotto, G." box="[513,733,971,993]" page="211" pageId="60" pageNumber="61" year="1969">
<bibRefCitation id="D72E4B73FFB6F820FD8CFC04B9FEE6B2" author="De Lotto, G." box="[513,733,971,993]" pageId="60" pageNumber="61" pagination="210 - 218" refId="ref184416" refString="De Lotto, G. (1969 b) A new genus of wax scales (Homoptera: Coccidae). Bolletino del Laboratorio di Entomologia Agraria &quot; Filippo Silvestri &quot;, Portici 27, 210 - 218." type="journal article" year="1969">De Lotto, 1969b: 211</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
.
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="B3003682FFB6F820FF1AFC23B9F9E153" blockId="60.[151,737,941,1024]" box="[151,730,1002,1024]" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="93AF11ACFFB6F820FF1AFC23B9F9E153" box="[151,730,1002,1024]" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">
<taxonomicName id="74BF4D01FFB6F820FF1AFC23B907E153" ID-CoL="4CP8D" authority="(Comstock)" baseAuthorityName="Comstock" box="[151,548,1002,1024]" class="Insecta" family="Coccidae" genus="Paracerostegia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="60" pageNumber="61" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="floridensis">
<emphasis id="81CBEA90FFB6F820FF1AFC23BA80E153" box="[151,419,1002,1024]" italics="true" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">Paracerostegia floridensis</emphasis>
(Comstock)
</taxonomicName>
; 
<treatmentCitation id="321E1093FFB6F820FDA3FC23B9F5E153" author="Tang, F. T." box="[558,726,1002,1024]" page="306" pageId="60" pageNumber="61" year="1991">
<bibRefCitation id="D72E4B73FFB6F820FDA3FC23B9F5E153" author="Tang, F. T." box="[558,726,1002,1024]" pageId="60" pageNumber="61" refId="ref188750" refString="Tang, F. T. (1991) The Coccidae of China. Shanxi United Universities Press, Taiyuan, P. R. China. 377 pp." type="book" year="1991">Tang, 1991: 306</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
.
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="FBA56509FFB6F822FF1AFBE5B96EE31C" lastPageId="62" lastPageNumber="63" pageId="60" pageNumber="61" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="B3003682FFB6F820FF1AFBE5BA76E13A" blockId="60.[151,1437,1069,1993]" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">
<emphasis id="81CBEA90FFB6F820FF1AFBE5BA62E115" bold="true" box="[151,321,1069,1094]" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">Type material</emphasis>
<materialsCitation id="03D73CDFFFB6F820FEC6FBE6BA76E13A" collectionCode="USNM" country="United States of America" location="Florida" pageId="60" pageNumber="61" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-female="1" stateProvince="Florida" typeStatus="lectotype">
not seen. 
<emphasis id="81CBEA90FFB6F820FE4BFBE5B91FE116" bold="true" box="[454,572,1069,1093]" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">
<typeStatus id="6C048820FFB6F820FE4BFBE5B91FE116" box="[454,572,1069,1093]" pageId="60" pageNumber="61" type="lectotype">Lectotype</typeStatus>
</emphasis>
<specimenCount id="A5B9FD0BFFB6F820FDCBFBE6B978E116" box="[582,603,1070,1093]" pageId="60" pageNumber="61" type="female">♀</specimenCount>
designated by 
<bibRefCitation id="D72E4B73FFB6F820FC80FBE5B8DDE116" author="Gimpel, W. F. &amp; D. R. Miller &amp; J. A. Davidson" box="[781,1022,1069,1093]" pageId="60" pageNumber="61" pagination="1 - 85" refId="ref185147" refString="Gimpel, W. F., D. R. Miller &amp; J. A. Davidson. (1974) A systematic revision of the scale genus Ceroplastes in the United States (Homoptera: Coccoidea: Coccidae). University of Maryland, Agricultural Experiment Station, Miscellaneous Publication 841, 1 - 85." type="journal article" year="1974">
Gimpel 
<emphasis id="81CBEA90FFB6F820FCE1FBE6B883E116" box="[876,928,1069,1093]" italics="true" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">et al</emphasis>
. (1974)
</bibRefCitation>
, from 
<collectingCountry id="CBA87612FFB6F820FBC0FBE5BFBFE116" box="[1101,1180,1069,1093]" name="United States of America" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">U.S.A.</collectingCountry>
, 
<collectingRegion id="717BF860FFB6F820FB21FBE5BE23E116" box="[1196,1280,1069,1093]" country="United States of America" name="Florida" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">Florida</collectingRegion>
, on tangerine orange (
<collectionCode id="D5AEAE47FFB6F820FF7FFB99BA6AE13A" box="[242,329,1105,1129]" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" name="Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History" pageId="60" pageNumber="61" type="Museum">USNM</collectionCode>
).
</materialsCitation>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="B3003682FFB6F820FF4AFBBDBE42E0A6" blockId="60.[151,1437,1069,1993]" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">
<emphasis id="81CBEA90FFB6F820FF4AFBBDB837E1DE" bold="true" box="[199,788,1141,1166]" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">Material examined from area of study: Canary Is</emphasis>
., Gran Canaria, Las Palmas Botanical Gardens, on leaves on unknown plants, 23 &amp; 
<date id="C7011042FFB6F820FE52FB51B972E1E2" box="[479,593,1177,1201]" pageId="60" pageNumber="61" value="2011-02-24">24.ii.2011</date>
, C.J. Hodgson (
<collectionCode id="D5AEAE47FFB6F820FC96FB51B855E1E2" box="[795,886,1177,1201]" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">BMNH</collectionCode>
): 2/5 (fair-poor). 
<emphasis id="81CBEA90FFB6F820FBC0FB51BFB6E1E2" bold="true" box="[1101,1173,1177,1201]" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">
<collectingCountry id="CBA87612FFB6F820FBC0FB51BFB6E1E2" box="[1101,1173,1177,1201]" name="Egypt" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">Egypt</collectingCountry>
</emphasis>
, 
<collectingRegion id="717BF860FFB6F820FB27FB51BE0AE1E2" box="[1194,1321,1177,1201]" country="Egypt" name="Al Iskandariyah" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">Alexandria</collectingRegion>
, no host, 
<date id="C7011042FFB6F820FF1AFB75BA3BE186" box="[151,280,1213,1237]" pageId="60" pageNumber="61" value="1910-07-12">12.vii.1910</date>
, W.J. Hall (
<collectionCode id="D5AEAE47FFB6F820FE2FFB75BADEE186" box="[418,509,1213,1237]" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">BMNH</collectionCode>
): 1/4 (good; misidentified as 
<taxonomicName id="74BF4D01FFB6F820FCC3FB75B88AE186" baseAuthorityName="Linnaeus" baseAuthorityYear="1758" box="[846,937,1213,1237]" class="Insecta" family="Coccidae" genus="Ceroplastes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="60" pageNumber="61" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rusci">
<emphasis id="81CBEA90FFB6F820FCC3FB75B88AE186" box="[846,937,1213,1237]" italics="true" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">C. rusci</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
); Damanhur, on Mandarin?, 
<date id="C7011042FFB6F820FB75FB75BE52E186" box="[1272,1393,1213,1237]" pageId="60" pageNumber="61" value="1913-09-23">23.ix.1913</date>
, no coll. (
<collectionCode id="D5AEAE47FFB6F820FF55FB29BA10E1AA" box="[216,307,1249,1273]" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">BMNH</collectionCode>
): 1/3 (fair-poor; misidentified as 
<taxonomicName id="74BF4D01FFB6F820FD24FB29B820E1AA" baseAuthorityName="Linnaeus" baseAuthorityYear="1758" box="[681,771,1249,1273]" class="Insecta" family="Coccidae" genus="Ceroplastes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="60" pageNumber="61" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rusci">
<emphasis id="81CBEA90FFB6F820FD24FB29B820E1AA" box="[681,771,1249,1273]" italics="true" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">C. rusci</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
); Kafr el Dawar, on quince, 
<date id="C7011042FFB6F820FBC7FB29BF8CE1AA" box="[1098,1199,1249,1273]" pageId="60" pageNumber="61" value="1923-02-04">4.ii.1923</date>
, W.J. Hall (
<collectionCode id="D5AEAE47FFB6F820FABBFB29BEB2E1AA" box="[1334,1425,1249,1273]" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">BMNH</collectionCode>
): 1/2 (good); Kafr el Dawar, on guava, 1922 and 1923, W.J. Hall (
<collectionCode id="D5AEAE47FFB6F820FC32FACDBF39E04E" box="[959,1050,1285,1309]" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">BMNH</collectionCode>
): 2/2 (good); Alf, on mandarin, 
<date id="C7011042FFB6F820FF1AFAE1BA34E012" box="[151,279,1321,1345]" pageId="60" pageNumber="61" value="1921-12-11">11.xii.1921</date>
, W.J. Hall (
<collectionCode id="D5AEAE47FFB6F820FE16FAE1BAD5E012" box="[411,502,1321,1345]" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">BMNH</collectionCode>
): 1/2 (good). 
<emphasis id="81CBEA90FFB6F820FD1EFAE1B820E011" bold="true" box="[659,771,1321,1346]" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">
<collectingCountry id="CBA87612FFB6F820FD1EFAE1B820E011" box="[659,771,1321,1346]" name="Tanzania" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">Tanzania</collectingCountry>
</emphasis>
[Tanganyika], Amani, on tea, no date or collector (
<collectionCode id="D5AEAE47FFB6F820FAB3FAE1BEBBE012" box="[1342,1432,1321,1345]" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">BMNH</collectionCode>
: 
<collectionCode id="D5AEAE47FFB6F820FF1AFA85BBE7E036" box="[151,196,1357,1381]" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">CIE</collectionCode>
6978-18610): 2/4 (1 fair, 3 poor). 
<emphasis id="81CBEA90FFB6F820FDC0FA85B9BAE035" bold="true" box="[589,665,1357,1382]" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">
<collectingCountry id="CBA87612FFB6F820FDC0FA85B9BAE035" box="[589,665,1357,1382]" name="Sudan" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">Sudan</collectingCountry>
</emphasis>
, Shambal, on a consignment of plants from India, 
<date id="C7011042FFB6F820FB57FA85BE77E036" box="[1242,1364,1357,1381]" pageId="60" pageNumber="61" value="1936-09-17">17.ix.1936</date>
, A.M. Makkawi (
<collectionCode id="D5AEAE47FFB6F820FE99FAB9BA4CE0DA" box="[276,367,1393,1417]" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">BMNH</collectionCode>
): 1/1 (fair; misidentified as 
<taxonomicName id="74BF4D01FFB6F820FD30FAB9B84AE0DA" box="[701,873,1393,1417]" class="Insecta" family="Coccidae" genus="Ceroplastes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="60" pageNumber="61" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="actiniformis">
<emphasis id="81CBEA90FFB6F820FD30FAB9B84AE0DA" box="[701,873,1393,1417]" italics="true" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">C. actiniformis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
). 
<emphasis id="81CBEA90FFB6F820FC1FFAB9BF06E0DA" bold="true" box="[914,1061,1393,1417]" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">
<collectingCountry id="CBA87612FFB6F820FC1FFAB9BF06E0DA" box="[914,1061,1393,1417]" name="Madagascar" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">Madagascar</collectingCountry>
</emphasis>
, on cloves, -. 
<date id="C7011042FFB6F820FB4BFAB9BE0AE0DA" box="[1222,1321,1393,1417]" pageId="60" pageNumber="61" value="1949-07">vii.1949</date>
, J. Millet (
<collectionCode id="D5AEAE47FFB6F820FF12FA5DBBD9E0FE" box="[159,250,1429,1453]" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">BMNH</collectionCode>
): 1/3 (1 good, 1 poor, 1 imm); Tulear, on 
<taxonomicName id="74BF4D01FFB6F820FD76FA5DB8F5E0FE" box="[763,982,1429,1453]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Meliaceae" genus="Azadirachta" kingdom="Plantae" order="Sapindales" pageId="60" pageNumber="61" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="indica">
<emphasis id="81CBEA90FFB6F820FD76FA5DB8F5E0FE" box="[763,982,1429,1453]" italics="true" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">Azadirachta indica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, -. 
<date id="C7011042FFB6F820FC78FA5DBF43E0FE" box="[1013,1120,1429,1453]" pageId="60" pageNumber="61" value="1992-08">viii.1992</date>
, no collector (
<collectionCode id="D5AEAE47FFB6F820FA82FA5DBE4AE0FE" box="[1295,1385,1429,1453]" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">BMNH</collectionCode>
: 
<collectionCode id="D5AEAE47FFB6F820FAF5FA5EBEBFE0FE" box="[1400,1436,1430,1453]" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">IIE</collectionCode>
22516): 2 dorsums (good) + 1 venter (poor). 
<emphasis id="81CBEA90FFB6F820FD29FA71B83FE081" bold="true" box="[676,796,1465,1490]" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">
<collectingCountry id="CBA87612FFB6F820FD29FA71B83FE081" box="[676,796,1465,1490]" name="Mauritius" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">Mauritius</collectingCountry>
</emphasis>
, 
<taxonomicName id="74BF4D01FFB6F820FCA6FA71B851E082" box="[811,882,1465,1489]" class="Cycadopsida" family="Cycadaceae" genus="Cycas" kingdom="Plantae" order="Cycadales" pageId="60" pageNumber="61" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Cycas</taxonomicName>
, no date, R. Mamet (
<collectionCode id="D5AEAE47FFB6F820FBE9FA71BF99E082" box="[1124,1210,1465,1489]" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">BMNH</collectionCode>
– EEG 30/33 #28): 1/1 (fair – poor). 
<emphasis id="81CBEA90FFB6F820FED2FA15BAFCE0A5" bold="true" box="[351,479,1501,1526]" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">
<collectingCountry id="CBA87612FFB6F820FED2FA15BAF9E0A5" box="[351,474,1501,1526]" name="Seychelles" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">Seychelles</collectingCountry>
,
</emphasis>
no site, on “Mangrove” 
<taxonomicName id="74BF4D01FFB6F820FD79FA15B8A8E0A6" box="[756,907,1501,1525]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Acanthaceae" genus="Avicennia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Lamiales" pageId="60" pageNumber="61" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="undetermined">
<emphasis id="81CBEA90FFB6F820FD79FA15B841E0A6" box="[756,866,1501,1525]" italics="true" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">Avicennia</emphasis>
sp.
</taxonomicName>
, no date, R. Dupont (
<collectionCode id="D5AEAE47FFB6F820FBF6FA15BFF5E0A6" box="[1147,1238,1501,1525]" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">BMNH</collectionCode>
): 1/5 (poor).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="B3003682FFB6F820FF4AF9C9B840E332" blockId="60.[151,1437,1069,1993]" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">
<emphasis id="81CBEA90FFB6F820FF4AF9C9BA26E349" bold="true" box="[199,261,1537,1562]" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">Also:</emphasis>
<materialsCitation id="03D73CDFFFB6F820FE9FF9C9B996E36E" collectingDate="1976-04" collectingDateMax="1977-03-07" collectingDateMin="1976-04" collectionCode="BMNH" country="India" location="Bhubaneswar" pageId="60" pageNumber="61" specimenCount="1">
<emphasis id="81CBEA90FFB6F820FE9FF9C9BA71E349" bold="true" box="[274,338,1537,1562]" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">
<collectingCountry id="CBA87612FFB6F820FE9FF9C9BA71E349" box="[274,338,1537,1562]" name="India" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">India</collectingCountry>
</emphasis>
, 
<location id="B6606059FFB6F820FEEAF9C9B922E34A" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:3B168794FFB6F823FF1AFC8ABA65E62C:B6606059FFB6F820FEEAF9C9B922E34A" box="[359,513,1537,1561]" country="India" name="Bhubaneswar" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">Bhubaneswar</location>
, on grasses, 
<date id="C7011042FFB6F820FD2FF9C9B82CE34A" box="[674,783,1537,1561]" pageId="60" pageNumber="61" value="1977-03-07">
<collectingDate id="D745E9AAFFB6F820FD2FF9C9B82CE34A" box="[674,783,1537,1561]" pageId="60" pageNumber="61" value="1977-03-07">7.iii.1977</collectingDate>
</date>
, no coll., (
<collectionCode id="D5AEAE47FFB6F820FC15F9C9B8D0E34A" box="[920,1011,1537,1561]" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">BMNH</collectionCode>
): 1/3 (good); Alageswar, 
<collectedFrom id="00A3757FFFB6F820FAA5F9CABBCDE36E" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">
on 
<taxonomicName id="74BF4D01FFB6F820FADCF9C9BBCDE36E" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Rubiaceae" genus="Coffea" kingdom="Plantae" order="Gentianales" pageId="60" pageNumber="61" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="arabica">
<emphasis id="81CBEA90FFB6F820FADCF9C9BBCDE36E" italics="true" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">Coffea arabica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</collectedFrom>
, -. 
<date id="C7011042FFB6F820FE85F9EDBA41E36E" box="[264,354,1573,1597]" pageId="60" pageNumber="61" value="1976-04">
<collectingDate id="D745E9AAFFB6F820FE85F9EDBA41E36E" box="[264,354,1573,1597]" pageId="60" pageNumber="61" value="1976-04">iv.1976</collectingDate>
</date>
, no coll. (
<collectionCode id="D5AEAE47FFB6F820FE42F9EDB909E36E" box="[463,554,1573,1597]" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">BMNH</collectionCode>
): 1/2 (good)
</materialsCitation>
. 
<materialsCitation id="03D73CDFFFB6F820FD4DF9EDB87CE332" collectingDate="1987-09-08" collectionCode="BMNH" collectorName="Dessarich &amp; Parker" country="United States of America" county="San Diego Co." location="Mango" municipality="Fallbrook" pageId="60" pageNumber="61" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="California">
<emphasis id="81CBEA90FFB6F820FD4DF9EDB8C9E36D" bold="true" box="[704,1002,1573,1598]" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">
<collectingCountry id="CBA87612FFB6F820FD4DF9EDB8C9E36D" box="[704,1002,1573,1598]" name="United States of America" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">United States of America</collectingCountry>
</emphasis>
, 
<collectingRegion id="717BF860FFB6F820FC7AF9EDBF4FE36E" box="[1015,1132,1573,1597]" country="United States of America" name="California" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">California</collectingRegion>
, 
<collectingCounty id="5A614E0EFFB6F820FBFAF9EDBE3EE36E" box="[1143,1309,1573,1597]" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">San Diego Co.</collectingCounty>
, 
<collectingMunicipality id="5364ACF8FFB6F820FAA5F9EDBEBBE36E" box="[1320,1432,1573,1597]" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">Fallbrook</collectingMunicipality>
, on 
<location id="B6606059FFB6F820FF37F982BA2FE331" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:3B168794FFB6F823FF1AFC8ABA65E62C:B6606059FFB6F820FF37F982BA2FE331" box="[186,268,1610,1634]" country="United States of America" county="San Diego Co." municipality="Fallbrook" name="Mango" pageId="60" pageNumber="61" stateProvince="California">Mango</location>
, 
<date id="C7011042FFB6F820FE9AF981BAA0E332" box="[279,387,1609,1633]" pageId="60" pageNumber="61" value="1987-09-08">
<collectingDate id="D745E9AAFFB6F820FE9AF981BAA0E332" box="[279,387,1609,1633]" pageId="60" pageNumber="61" value="1987-09-08">8.ix.1987</collectingDate>
</date>
, 
<collectorName id="1E4A5354FFB6F820FE02F981BADEE332" box="[399,509,1609,1633]" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">Dessarich</collectorName>
&amp; 
<collectorName id="1E4A5354FFB6F820FDACF981B949E332" box="[545,618,1609,1633]" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">Parker</collectorName>
(
<collectionCode id="D5AEAE47FFB6F820FDF4F981B9F7E332" box="[633,724,1609,1633]" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">BMNH</collectionCode>
): 1/4 (good)
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="B3003682FFB6F820FF4AF9A5BE42E3D6" blockId="60.[151,1437,1069,1993]" box="[199,1377,1645,1669]" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">
<emphasis id="81CBEA90FFB6F820FF4AF9A5BBDCE3D6" bold="true" box="[199,255,1645,1669]" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">Note</emphasis>
. Description made from several of above specimens, combined with data from 
<bibRefCitation id="D72E4B73FFB6F820FB0DF9A5BE7EE3D6" author="Gimpel, W. F. &amp; D. R. Miller &amp; J. A. Davidson" box="[1152,1373,1645,1669]" pageId="60" pageNumber="61" pagination="1 - 85" refId="ref185147" refString="Gimpel, W. F., D. R. Miller &amp; J. A. Davidson. (1974) A systematic revision of the scale genus Ceroplastes in the United States (Homoptera: Coccoidea: Coccidae). University of Maryland, Agricultural Experiment Station, Miscellaneous Publication 841, 1 - 85." type="journal article" year="1974">
Gimpel 
<emphasis id="81CBEA90FFB6F820FB51F9A6BE37E3D6" box="[1244,1300,1645,1669]" italics="true" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">et al.</emphasis>
, 1974
</bibRefCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="B3003682FFB6F820FF4AF959B87DE29A" blockId="60.[151,1437,1069,1993]" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">
<emphasis id="81CBEA90FFB6F820FF4AF959BAE1E3FA" box="[199,450,1681,1706]" inLineHeading="true" pageId="60" pageNumber="61" reason="1">
<emphasis id="81CBEA90FFB6F820FF4AF959BA9FE3F9" bold="true" box="[199,444,1681,1706]" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">Unmounted material</emphasis>
.
</emphasis>
“Wet wax rectangular in young adult females and in old adult females in dorsal view, nearly flat in young females and hemispherical in older specimens laterally, without horn, grayish to pinkish white, with large marginal flange in old female absent or small in young females not hiding lateral filaments, without plates and nuclei. Dry wax with filaments as follows: cephalic filament appearing trifurcate, with acute apices; anterolateral and mediolateral filaments simple; posterolateral filaments bifurcate; caudal filaments with weakly divided bifurcate apices; dorsal dry wax of first and second instars forming small central cap, not surrounded by nucleus; dorsal dry wax not tilted. Stigmatic wax bands present near both pairs of spiracles, anterior bands directed dorsally, filamentous wax confined to stigmatic areas. Length 3.0 mm (range 1.5–4.0), width 2.0 (range 1.3–3.5) mm, height 1.5 (range 1.0–2.0) mm.” (
<bibRefCitation id="D72E4B73FFB6F820FDCAF879B872E29A" author="Gimpel, W. F. &amp; D. R. Miller &amp; J. A. Davidson" box="[583,849,1969,1993]" pageId="60" pageNumber="61" pagination="1 - 85" refId="ref185147" refString="Gimpel, W. F., D. R. Miller &amp; J. A. Davidson. (1974) A systematic revision of the scale genus Ceroplastes in the United States (Homoptera: Coccoidea: Coccidae). University of Maryland, Agricultural Experiment Station, Miscellaneous Publication 841, 1 - 85." type="journal article" year="1974">
Gimpel 
<emphasis id="81CBEA90FFB6F820FD29F87AB9F5E29A" box="[676,726,1969,1993]" italics="true" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">et al</emphasis>
., 1974: 44
</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="B3003682FFB4F822FF1AFF50B8F7E580" blockId="62.[151,1437,151,1796]" pageId="62" pageNumber="63">
<emphasis id="81CBEA90FFB4F822FF1AFF50BA54E5FC" box="[151,375,151,176]" inLineHeading="true" pageId="62" pageNumber="63" reason="1">
<emphasis id="81CBEA90FFB4F822FF1AFF50BA53E5E3" bold="true" box="[151,368,151,176]" pageId="62" pageNumber="63">Mounted material</emphasis>
.
</emphasis>
Broadly oval, with small lateral tubercles. Stigmatic clefts shallow. Caudal process conical, pointing dorso-posteriorly. Length about 1.0– 
<quantity id="74479B67FFB4F822FD16FF74B9D7E580" box="[667,756,188,212]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.5" pageId="62" pageNumber="63" unit="mm" value="3.5">3.5 mm</quantity>
, width 
<quantity id="74479B67FFB4F822FCCBFF74B8F3E580" box="[838,976,188,212]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.65" metricValueMax="2.5" metricValueMin="0.8" pageId="62" pageNumber="63" unit="mm" value="1.65" valueMax="2.5" valueMin="0.8">0.8–2.5 mm</quantity>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="B3003682FFB4F822FF4AFF28BF22E79F" blockId="62.[151,1437,151,1796]" pageId="62" pageNumber="63">
<emphasis id="81CBEA90FFB4F822FF4AFF28BA0DE5A4" box="[199,302,224,248]" inLineHeading="true" pageId="62" pageNumber="63" reason="1">
<emphasis id="81CBEA90FFB4F822FF4AFF28BA04E5AB" bold="true" box="[199,295,224,248]" pageId="62" pageNumber="63">Dorsum</emphasis>
.
</emphasis>
Derm membranous except for heavily sclerotised caudal process. Caudal process about 
<quantity id="74479B67FFB4F822FAB7FF17BBE1E448" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.25" metricValueMax="5.5" metricValueMin="3.0" pageId="62" pageNumber="63" unit="mm" value="0.425" valueMax="0.55" valueMin="0.3">0.3–0.55 mm</quantity>
long; width across flattened process 
<quantity id="74479B67FFB4F822FDE7FECCB9D5E448" box="[618,758,260,284]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.5" metricValueMax="6.0" metricValueMin="3.0" pageId="62" pageNumber="63" unit="mm" value="0.44999999999999996" valueMax="0.6" valueMin="0.3">0.3–0.6 mm</quantity>
; sclerotised derm on inner half of caudal process of several specimens from different localities with a reticulate pattern. Derm with 7 clear areas, medio-dorsal area absent; each without simple pores or setae, except cephalic area. Dorsal setae very short, length subequal to or less than width of basal socket, setal length 2.5–3.5 µm; basal socket width about 3–4 µm; each seta with slightly convergent sides and a blunt apex; present sparsely throughout but absent in clear areas except cephalic area with 2–4 setae. Dorsal pores of perhaps only 
<specimenCount id="A5B9FD0BFFB4F822FE66FE7FB915E483" box="[491,566,439,464]" pageId="62" pageNumber="63" type="generic" typeStatus="type">1 type</specimenCount>
: (i) loculate microducts of complex 
<typeStatus id="6C048820FFB4F822FC5AFE70BF29E483" box="[983,1034,440,464]" pageId="62" pageNumber="63">type</typeStatus>
, each 5.0–6.5 µm widest, with 1–4 satellite loculi; pores with 2 or 3 satellite loculi most abundant; apparently randomly distributed and abundant throughout but absent from all clear areas; wax-plate lines not detected; (ii) simple microducts not detected, perhaps absent. Preopercular pores: 
<quantity id="74479B67FFB4F822FDB1FDECB9B0E76F" box="[572,659,548,572]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.286" metricValueMax="3.048" metricValueMin="1.524" pageId="62" pageNumber="63" unit="in" value="9.0" valueMax="12.0" valueMin="6.0">6–12 in</quantity>
a narrow band 2–3 pores wide. Anal plates each 112–130 µm long, combined widths about 95–105 µm, each with 2 long, stout dorsal setae, each 58–60 µm long, with 1 semi-medially and other near apex on outer margin; also with 1 or 2 smaller setae, with 1 generally near apex on inner margin (length about 28–30 µm), plus a small apical seta (about 10 µm long). Anal tube quite long, about 180–200 µm long (nearly 2x length of anal plates); anal ring setae each about 180 µm long.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="B3003682FFB4F822FF4AFD1FBABBE6BF" blockId="62.[151,1437,151,1796]" pageId="62" pageNumber="63">
<emphasis id="81CBEA90FFB4F822FF4AFD1FBA0BE7BC" box="[199,296,727,752]" inLineHeading="true" pageId="62" pageNumber="63" reason="1">
<emphasis id="81CBEA90FFB4F822FF4AFD1FBA02E7A3" bold="true" box="[199,289,727,752]" pageId="62" pageNumber="63">Margin</emphasis>
.
</emphasis>
Marginal setae all curved, each stoutly setose with a sharp apex, each about 13–23 µm long (longest on margin near anal cleft); abundant, with about 17–28 between eyespots anteriorly and, on each side, 8–11 between eyespots and anterior stigmatic cleft, 8–10 between stigmatic clefts, and 34–50 on each side of abdomen; each anal lobe with 3 longer setae, longest about 40–67 µm long. Stigmatic clefts shallow, each with a line of rather bullet-shaped stigmatic setae extending some distance along margin on either side of cleft, becoming about 3 deep within each cleft; with about 
<quantity id="74479B67FFB4F822FD9BFC44B95AE6F7" box="[534,633,908,932]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.874" metricValueMax="8.89" metricValueMin="6.858" pageId="62" pageNumber="63" unit="in" value="31.0" valueMax="35.0" valueMin="27.0">27–35 in</quantity>
each anterior cleft and 
<quantity id="74479B67FFB4F822FCF1FC44B8FCE6F7" box="[892,991,908,932]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.016" metricValueMax="1.143" metricValueMin="0.889" pageId="62" pageNumber="63" unit="in" value="40.0" valueMax="45.0" valueMin="35.0">35–45 in</quantity>
each posterior cleft; smallest 8 µm long and 3.5 µm wide at base; largest 18 µm long and 8 µm wide at base; most dorsal seta usually largest. Eyespots each small, 20–22 µm wide.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="B3003682FFB4F822FF4AFC30BF59E024" blockId="62.[151,1437,151,1796]" pageId="62" pageNumber="63">
<emphasis id="81CBEA90FFB4F822FF4AFC30BA38E15C" box="[199,283,1016,1040]" inLineHeading="true" pageId="62" pageNumber="63" reason="1">
<emphasis id="81CBEA90FFB4F822FF4AFC30BA37E143" bold="true" box="[199,276,1016,1040]" pageId="62" pageNumber="63">Venter</emphasis>
.
</emphasis>
Derm entirely membranous. Pregenital disc-pores abundant around genital opening (segment VII) and across preceding segment, plus: segment V 7–10 medially and 9–10 associated with each anogenital fold; IV 5–8 medially and 3–6 mediolaterally; III 6–8 medially and 2–6 mediolaterally, II 7–8 medially and 1–3 mediolaterally; metathorax 4 or 5 medially, mesothorax 2–4 near each coxa, and prothorax with 4 or 5 near each coxa. Spiracular disc-pores in fairly narrow bands of 50–90 pores; with none extending medially past peritreme. Ventral microducts small, each about 2.5 µm widest; scarce or absent medially, particularly on abdomen. Ventral tubular ducts each about 25–27 µm long; inner ductule greatly swollen and short (about 10 µm long), with a small tufted glandular apex; cup-shaped invagination small, on one side of inner ductule; present in a distinct but interrupted submarginal band extending from just laterad of each scape anteriorly to about abdominal segments VI or VII – absent beneath caudal process; each band roughly divided into groups of 5–16 ducts; absent elsewhere. Ventral setae sparse; submarginal setae less abundant than marginal setae and significantly smaller; each about 5–7 µm long.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="B3003682FFB4F822FF4AFA4CB96EE31C" blockId="62.[151,1437,151,1796]" pageId="62" pageNumber="63">Antennae each with 6 (rarely 7) segments; segment III occasionally with a pseudo-articulation, occasionally very distinct giving 7 segments; total length 176–324 µm. Clypeolabral shield about 135–145 µm long. Spiracles: width of anterior peritremes 34–46 µm; posterior peritremes 36–50 µm wide. Legs well developed, each without a tibio-tarsal articulatory sclerosis; each claw without a denticle; claw digitules both broad; tarsal digitules obviously longer than claw digitules; dimensions of metathoracic legs (µm): coxa 125–130; trochanter + femur 90–165; tibia 75–112; tarsus 51–65, and claw 16–18.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="FBA56509FFB4F823FF4AF993BA65E62C" lastPageId="63" lastPageNumber="64" pageId="62" pageNumber="63" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="B3003682FFB4F823FF4AF993B875E46C" blockId="62.[151,1437,151,1796]" lastBlockId="63.[151,1437,151,895]" lastPageId="63" lastPageNumber="64" pageId="62" pageNumber="63">
<emphasis id="81CBEA90FFB4F822FF4AF993BA6BE320" box="[199,328,1627,1652]" inLineHeading="true" pageId="62" pageNumber="63" reason="1">
<emphasis id="81CBEA90FFB4F822FF4AF993BA61E327" bold="true" box="[199,322,1627,1652]" pageId="62" pageNumber="63">Discussion</emphasis>
.
</emphasis>
Within the area under study, 
<taxonomicName id="74BF4D01FFB4F822FD17F994B813E327" box="[666,816,1628,1652]" class="Insecta" family="Coccidae" genus="Paracerostegia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="62" pageNumber="63" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="floridensis">
<emphasis id="81CBEA90FFB4F822FD17F994B813E327" box="[666,816,1628,1652]" italics="true" pageId="62" pageNumber="63">C. floridensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is unique in having the ventral tubular ducts in a very distinct, rather narrow, submarginal band extending from near each antenna to near each anal lobe, each duct with a short, very swollen inner ductule. There was some variation in the material studied and some specimens had: (i) more than 2 pairs of interantennal setae; (ii) a reticulate pattern on the sclerotized area of the anal plate, and (iii) loculate microducts densest in a submarginal band. 
<taxonomicName id="74BF4D01FFB4F822FDF5F924B829E257" box="[632,778,1772,1796]" class="Insecta" family="Coccidae" genus="Paracerostegia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="62" pageNumber="63" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="floridensis">
<emphasis id="81CBEA90FFB4F822FDF5F924B829E257" box="[632,778,1772,1796]" italics="true" pageId="62" pageNumber="63">C. floridensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is quite close to 
<taxonomicName id="74BF4D01FFB4F822FC4DF924BFB0E257" authority="Green" authorityName="Green" authorityYear="1921" box="[960,1171,1772,1796]" class="Insecta" family="Coccidae" genus="Ceroplastes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="62" pageNumber="63" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="japonicus">
<emphasis id="81CBEA90FFB4F822FC4DF924BF69E257" box="[960,1098,1772,1796]" italics="true" pageId="62" pageNumber="63">C. japonicus</emphasis>
Green
</taxonomicName>
which also has a submarginal band of similar tubular ducts extending part way around the submargin, bullet-shaped stigmatic setae, many marginal setae, and multilocular disc-pores associated with each coxa, but the latter differs in having the stigmatic setae continuous between the clefts on each side, not separated by a length of margin with just marginal setae. As 
<taxonomicName id="74BF4D01FFB5F823FE9BFECCBA86E44F" authorityName="Green" authorityYear="1921" box="[278,421,260,284]" class="Insecta" family="Coccidae" genus="Ceroplastes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="63" pageNumber="64" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="japonicus">
<emphasis id="81CBEA90FFB5F823FE9BFECCBA86E44F" box="[278,421,260,284]" italics="true" pageId="63" pageNumber="64">C. japonicus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has been found to be present in some southern areas of 
<collectingCountry id="CBA87612FFB5F823FBC9FECCBFADE448" box="[1092,1166,260,283]" name="France" pageId="63" pageNumber="64">France</collectingCountry>
and 
<collectingCountry id="CBA87612FFB5F823FB40FECCBFDCE44F" box="[1229,1279,260,284]" name="Italy" pageId="63" pageNumber="64">Italy</collectingCountry>
(
<bibRefCitation id="D72E4B73FFB5F823FA9FFECCBA7DE46C" author="Pellizzari, G. &amp; Camporese P." pageId="63" pageNumber="64" pagination="175 - 192" refId="ref187871" refString="Pellizzari, G. &amp; Camporese P. (1994) The Ceroplastes species (Homoptera: Coccoidea) of the Mediterranea basin with emphasis on C. japonicus Green. Annales de la Societe Entomologique de France 30, 175 - 192." type="journal article" year="1994">Pellizzari &amp; Camporese, 1994</bibRefCitation>
), it is possible that it could be found in Africa.
</paragraph>
<caption id="E7C0660AFFB4F822FF1AF892B938E2A2" pageId="62" pageNumber="63" startId="62.[151,244,1882,1903]">
<paragraph id="B3003682FFB4F822FF1AF892B938E2A2" blockId="62.[151,1436,1882,2033]" pageId="62" pageNumber="63">
<emphasis id="81CBEA90FFB4F822FF1AF892BA3BE23C" bold="true" box="[151,280,1882,1903]" pageId="62" pageNumber="63">FIGURE 36.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="74BF4D01FFB4F822FE93F892B92CE23C" authority="Comstock." authorityName="Comstock." box="[286,527,1882,1903]" class="Insecta" family="Coccidae" genus="Paracerostegia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="62" pageNumber="63" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="floridensis">
<emphasis id="81CBEA90FFB4F822FE93F892BA83E23C" box="[286,416,1882,1903]" italics="true" pageId="62" pageNumber="63">C. floridensis</emphasis>
Comstock.
</taxonomicName>
Egypt, Alexandria, no host, 12.vii.1910, W.J. Hall (BMNH). For explanation of labels, see p. 9, plus X = reticulation on caudal process. Notes: (i) each group of stigmatic setae extending out of cleft along margins but not meeting between clefts; (ii) ventral tubular ducts each with a short, swollen inner ductule; (iii) ventral tubular ducts restricted to a submarginal band; (iv) dorsal loculate microducts of complex-type; (v) dorsal setae short and cylindrical; (vi) legs without a tibio-tarsal articulatory sclerosis, and (vi) claw digitules similar.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="B3003682FFB5F823FF4AFE84BA65E62C" blockId="63.[151,1437,151,895]" pageId="63" pageNumber="64">
<taxonomicName id="74BF4D01FFB5F823FF4AFE84BA7AE437" box="[199,345,332,356]" class="Insecta" family="Coccidae" genus="Paracerostegia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="63" pageNumber="64" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="floridensis">
<emphasis id="81CBEA90FFB5F823FF4AFE84BA7AE437" box="[199,345,332,356]" italics="true" pageId="63" pageNumber="64">C. floridensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has an almost world-wide distribution in tropical, subtropical and Mediterranean areas, having been recorded from the Austro-oriental, Neotropical, 
<collectingCountry id="CBA87612FFB5F823FD3BFEB8B86EE4D4" box="[694,845,367,391]" name="New Zealand" pageId="63" pageNumber="64">New Zealand</collectingCountry>
&amp; South Pacific, Nearctic, and Oriental Regions, as well as the Afrotropical Region as defined here. However, there are very few substantiated records from the latter area, 
<bibRefCitation id="D72E4B73FFB5F823FF58FE70BAAFE49C" author="Ben-Dov, Y." box="[213,396,439,463]" pageId="63" pageNumber="64" refId="ref183122" refString="Ben-Dov, Y. (1993) A Systematic Catalogue of Soft Scales of the World. Sandhill Crane Press, Inc., Florida, USA, Flora &amp; Fauna Handbook 9, 563 p." type="book" year="1993">Ben-Dov (1993)</bibRefCitation>
only mentioning 
<collectingCountry id="CBA87612FFB5F823FDDBFE7FB99AE49C" box="[598,697,439,463]" name="Tanzania" pageId="63" pageNumber="64">Zanzibar</collectingCountry>
, although 
<bibRefCitation id="D72E4B73FFB5F823FCBDFE7FB8CCE49C" author="Newstead, R." box="[816,1007,439,463]" pageId="63" pageNumber="64" pagination="301 - 311" refId="ref187819" refString="Newstead, R. (1914) Notes on scale-insects (Coccidae). Part II. Bulletin of Entomological Research 4, 301 - 311." type="journal article" year="1914">Newstead (1914)</bibRefCitation>
also records it from ‘British Guinae’. However, fairly recently it has been recorded from 
<collectingCountry id="CBA87612FFB5F823FD54FE14B83AE4A7" box="[729,793,476,500]" name="Libya" pageId="63" pageNumber="64">Libya</collectingCountry>
and 
<collectingCountry id="CBA87612FFB5F823FCDEFE14B887E4A7" box="[851,932,476,500]" name="Tunisia" pageId="63" pageNumber="64">Tunisia</collectingCountry>
(
<bibRefCitation id="D72E4B73FFB5F823FC38FE14BF86E4A7" author="Jendoubi, H. &amp; Suma, P &amp; Russo, A." box="[949,1189,476,500]" pageId="63" pageNumber="64" refId="ref186241" refString="Jendoubi, H., Suma, P &amp; Russo, A. (2012). First records of Ceroplastes floridensis Comstock (Hemiptera: Coccidae) and Chrysomphalus pinnulifer (Maskell) (Hemiptera: Diaspididae) in Tunisia. Entomological News (in press)." type="book" year="2012">
Jendoubi 
<emphasis id="81CBEA90FFB5F823FBAFFE15BF41E4A7" box="[1058,1122,476,500]" italics="true" pageId="63" pageNumber="64">et al.,</emphasis>
2012
</bibRefCitation>
), and there have been many records from 
<collectingCountry id="CBA87612FFB5F823FEE0FDC8BA8DE74B" box="[365,430,512,536]" name="Egypt" pageId="63" pageNumber="64">Egypt</collectingCountry>
(
<bibRefCitation id="D72E4B73FFB5F823FE30FE37B910E744" author="Hall, W. J." box="[445,563,511,535]" pageId="63" pageNumber="64" pagination="1 - 54" refId="ref185634" refString="Hall, W. J. (1922) Observations on the Coccidae of Egypt. Bulletin, Ministry of Agriculture, Egypt, Technical and Scientific Service 22, 1 - 54." type="journal article" year="1922">Hall, 1922</bibRefCitation>
, 
<bibRefCitation id="D72E4B73FFB5F823FDB2FE37B95AE744" author="Hall, W. J." box="[575,633,511,535]" pageId="63" pageNumber="64" pagination="1 - 67" refId="ref185668" refString="Hall, W. J. (1923) Further observations on the Coccidae of Egypt. Bulletin, Ministry of Agriculture, Egypt, Technical and Scientific Service 36: 1 - 67." type="journal article" year="1923">1923</bibRefCitation>
; Ezzatt &amp; Hussein, 1967; 
<bibRefCitation id="D72E4B73FFB5F823FC18FE37BF5AE744" author="Swailem, S. M. &amp; Ismail, I. I. &amp; Sayed Ahmed, N. M. A." box="[917,1145,511,536]" pageId="63" pageNumber="64" pagination="229 - 237" refId="ref188577" refString="Swailem, S. M., Ismail, I. I. &amp; Sayed Ahmed, N. M. A. (1976) Population studies on the citrus wax scale insect, Ceroplastes floridensis Comstock, in different regions in Egypt (Homoptera: Coccidae). Bulletin Society of Entomology 60, 229 - 237." type="journal article" year="1976">
Swailem 
<emphasis id="81CBEA90FFB5F823FC76FDC9BF12E74B" box="[1019,1073,512,536]" italics="true" pageId="63" pageNumber="64">et al.</emphasis>
, 1976
</bibRefCitation>
). In all 3 countries, it may pose a threat to the citrus industry. It seems likely that this species is scarce in the Afrotropical Region south of the Sahara where it may only be associated with imported plant material. However, 
<bibRefCitation id="D72E4B73FFB5F823FBB6FD8FBFDAE70C" author="Giliomee, J. H." box="[1083,1273,583,607]" pageId="63" pageNumber="64" pagination="411 - 428" refId="ref185060" refString="Giliomee, J. H. (1966) A list of South African scale insects (Homoptera: Coccoidea) in the collection of the British Museum (Natural History) with information on their host plants and distribution. Annals of the University of Stellenbosch (Section A) 41, 411 - 428." type="journal article" year="1966">Giliomee (1966)</bibRefCitation>
listed 
<collectingCountry id="CBA87612FFB5F823FAC1FD80BEBBE733" box="[1356,1432,584,608]" name="Kenya" pageId="63" pageNumber="64">Kenya</collectingCountry>
, 
<collectingCountry id="CBA87612FFB5F823FF1AFDA4BBD2E7D7" box="[151,241,620,644]" name="Uganda" pageId="63" pageNumber="64">Uganda</collectingCountry>
, 
<collectingCountry id="CBA87612FFB5F823FF71FDA4BAACE7D0" box="[252,399,620,644]" name="Sierra Leone" pageId="63" pageNumber="64">Sierra Leone</collectingCountry>
, 
<collectingCountry id="CBA87612FFB5F823FE17FDA4B921E7D7" box="[410,514,620,644]" name="Tanzania" pageId="63" pageNumber="64">Tanzania</collectingCountry>
, and 
<collectingCountry id="CBA87612FFB5F823FDB1FDA4B9ECE7D7" box="[572,719,620,644]" name="South Africa" pageId="63" pageNumber="64">South Africa</collectingCountry>
. These latter records were taken from slides in the BMNH and, apart from the record from 
<collectingCountry id="CBA87612FFB5F823FE4AFD47B90DE7F4" box="[455,558,655,679]" name="Tanzania" pageId="63" pageNumber="64">Tanzania</collectingCountry>
, we have not located these slides and therefore consider these records doubtful and that they need to be checked. However, it has been found in 
<collectingCountry id="CBA87612FFB5F823FCF1FD7CBF20E79F" box="[892,1027,692,716]" name="Madagascar" pageId="63" pageNumber="64">Madagascar</collectingCountry>
(on 
<taxonomicName id="74BF4D01FFB5F823FBB7FD7CBE34E79F" box="[1082,1303,692,716]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Myrtaceae" genus="Psidium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Myrtales" pageId="63" pageNumber="64" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="pomiferum">
<emphasis id="81CBEA90FFB5F823FBB7FD7CBE34E79F" box="[1082,1303,692,716]" italics="true" pageId="63" pageNumber="64">Psidium pomiferum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="74BF4D01FFB5F823FAABFD7CBEB5E798" box="[1318,1430,692,716]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Rutaceae" genus="Citrus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Sapindales" pageId="63" pageNumber="64" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="undetermined">
<emphasis id="81CBEA90FFB5F823FAABFD7CBE4FE79F" box="[1318,1388,692,716]" italics="true" pageId="63" pageNumber="64">Citrus</emphasis>
sp.
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="74BF4D01FFB5F823FF1AFD10BA79E7A3" box="[151,346,728,752]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Psiadia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="63" pageNumber="64" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="altissima">
<emphasis id="81CBEA90FFB5F823FF1AFD10BA79E7A3" box="[151,346,728,752]" italics="true" pageId="63" pageNumber="64">Psiadia altissima</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName id="74BF4D01FFB5F823FE19FD10B829E7BC" authority="(Mamet, 1951))" authorityName="" baseAuthorityName="Mamet" baseAuthorityYear="1951" box="[404,778,727,752]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Moraceae" genus="Treculia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Rosales" pageId="63" pageNumber="64" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="perrieri">
<emphasis id="81CBEA90FFB5F823FE19FD10B973E7BC" box="[404,592,728,752]" italics="true" pageId="63" pageNumber="64">Treculia perrieri</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="D72E4B73FFB5F823FDEDFD1FB9D4E7BC" author="Mamet, J. R." box="[608,759,727,751]" pageId="63" pageNumber="64" pagination="213 - 254" refId="ref186856" refString="Mamet, J. R. (1951) Notes on the Coccoidea of Madagascar - II. Memoires de l'Institut Scientifique de Madagascar (Ser. A) 5, 213 - 254." type="journal article" year="1951">Mamet, 1951</bibRefCitation>
))
</taxonomicName>
; from 
<collectingCountry id="CBA87612FFB5F823FCDEFD1FB89EE7BC" box="[851,957,727,751]" name="Mauritius" pageId="63" pageNumber="64">Mauritius</collectingCountry>
(
<bibRefCitation id="D72E4B73FFB5F823FC40FD1FBF47E7BC" author="Mamet, J. R." box="[973,1124,727,751]" pageId="63" pageNumber="64" pagination="137 - 170" refId="ref186778" refString="Mamet, J. R. (1943) A revised list of the Coccoidea of the islands of the western Indian Ocean, south of the equator. Bulletin of the Mauritius Institute, Port Louis 2, 137 - 170." type="journal article" year="1943">Mamet, 1943</bibRefCitation>
)), 
<collectingCountry id="CBA87612FFB5F823FB0FFD1FBFFCE7BC" box="[1154,1247,727,751]" name="Réunion" pageId="63" pageNumber="64">Réunion</collectingCountry>
(
<bibRefCitation id="D72E4B73FFB5F823FB63FD1FBEBFE7BC" author="Mamet, J. R." box="[1262,1436,727,751]" pageId="63" pageNumber="64" pagination="260 - 265" refId="ref186927" refString="Mamet, J. R. (1954 b) Miscellaneous notes on the Coccoidea (Homoptera) of the Mascarene Islands and of the Chagos Archipelego. Bulletin of the Mauritius Institute, Port Louise 3, 260 - 265." type="journal article" year="1954">Mamet (1954b)</bibRefCitation>
and 
<collectingCountry id="CBA87612FFB5F823FF49FD34BA0BE647" box="[196,296,764,788]" name="Comoros" pageId="63" pageNumber="64">Comoros</collectingCountry>
Is (on 
<taxonomicName id="74BF4D01FFB5F823FEF5FD34B924E647" box="[376,519,764,788]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Rutaceae" genus="Citrus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Sapindales" pageId="63" pageNumber="64" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="histrix">
<emphasis id="81CBEA90FFB5F823FEF5FD34B924E647" box="[376,519,764,788]" italics="true" pageId="63" pageNumber="64">Citrus histrix</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="74BF4D01FFB5F823FD99FD34B835E647" box="[532,790,764,788]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Rutaceae" genus="Citrus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Sapindales" pageId="63" pageNumber="64" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="subSpecies" species="aurantium" subSpecies="bigaradia">
<emphasis id="81CBEA90FFB5F823FD99FD34B835E647" box="[532,790,764,788]" italics="true" pageId="63" pageNumber="64">C. aurantium bigaradia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="74BF4D01FFB5F823FCAEFD34B8D8E647" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1753" box="[803,1019,764,788]" class="Gastropoda" family="Sinuspiridae" genus="Michelia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pleurotomariida" pageId="63" pageNumber="64" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="champaca">
<emphasis id="81CBEA90FFB5F823FCAEFD34B8D8E647" box="[803,1019,764,788]" italics="true" pageId="63" pageNumber="64">Michelia champaca</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName id="74BF4D01FFB5F823FBA0FD35BBC1E664" authority="(Matile-Ferrero, 1978))" authorityName="" baseAuthorityName="Matile-Ferrero" baseAuthorityYear="1978" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Apocynaceae" genus="Nerium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Gentianales" pageId="63" pageNumber="64" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="oleander">
<emphasis id="81CBEA90FFB5F823FBA0FD35BFC5E647" box="[1069,1254,764,788]" italics="true" pageId="63" pageNumber="64">Nerium oleander</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="D72E4B73FFB5F823FB7EFD34BBF3E664" author="Matile-Ferrero, D." pageId="63" pageNumber="64" pagination="39 - 70" refId="ref187164" refString="Matile-Ferrero, D. (1978) Homopteres Coccoidea de l'Archipel des Comores. In Faune Entomologique de l'Archipel des Comores, Matile, L. (Editor). Memoires du Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle (N. S.) Serie A, Zoologie 109, 39 - 70." type="journal article" year="1978">Matile-Ferrero, 1978</bibRefCitation>
))
</taxonomicName>
, and it has also been recorded from the Azores (
<bibRefCitation id="D72E4B73FFB5F823FCADFCD7BF32E664" author="Carvalho, J. P. M. &amp; Franco, J. C. &amp; Aguiar, F. &amp; Soares, A. O." box="[800,1041,799,824]" pageId="63" pageNumber="64" pagination="613 - 618" refId="ref183631" refString="Carvalho, J. P. M., Franco, J. C., Aguiar, F. &amp; Soares, A. O. (1996) Insect pests of citrus in Portugal. Proceedings of the International Society of Citriculture I, 613 - 618." type="journal article" year="1996">
Carvalho 
<emphasis id="81CBEA90FFB5F823FC19FCE9B8E8E66B" box="[916,971,800,824]" italics="true" pageId="63" pageNumber="64">et al</emphasis>
.,1996
</bibRefCitation>
) and Madeira (
<bibRefCitation id="D72E4B73FFB5F823FB45FCD7BE7FE664" author="Green, E. E." box="[1224,1372,799,823]" pageId="63" pageNumber="64" pagination="87 - 99" refId="ref185541" refString="Green, E. E. (1923) Observations on the Coccidae of the Madeira Islands. Bulletin of Entomological Research 14, 87 - 99." type="journal article" year="1923">Green, 1923</bibRefCitation>
b). 
<taxonomicName id="74BF4D01FFB5F823FA0EFCD7BA29E60F" class="Insecta" family="Coccidae" genus="Paracerostegia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="63" pageNumber="265" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="floridensis">
C. 
<emphasis id="81CBEA90FFB5F823FF1AFC8CBA29E60F" box="[151,266,836,860]" italics="true" pageId="63" pageNumber="64">floridensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has been recorded on about 70 plant families (
<bibRefCitation id="D72E4B73FFB5F823FC8FFC8CB8CBE60F" author="Ben-Dov, Y. &amp; Miller, D. R. &amp; Gibson, G. A. P." box="[770,1000,836,860]" pageId="63" pageNumber="64" refId="ref183322" refString="Ben-Dov, Y., Miller, D. R. &amp; Gibson, G. A. P. (2011) ScaleNet. A Database of the Scale Insects of the World. Available from: http: // www. sel. barc. usda. gov / scalenet / scalenet. htm (last accessed 10 March 2011)." type="url" year="2011">
Ben-Dov 
<emphasis id="81CBEA90FFB5F823FCE3FC8DB886E60F" box="[878,933,836,860]" italics="true" pageId="63" pageNumber="64">et al.</emphasis>
, 2011
</bibRefCitation>
) and is a pest of some importance in the 
<collectingCountry id="CBA87612FFB5F823FF1AFCAFBBEDE62C" box="[151,206,871,895]" name="United States of America" pageId="63" pageNumber="64">USA</collectingCountry>
and 
<collectingCountry id="CBA87612FFB5F823FE8FFCAFBA61E62C" box="[258,322,871,895]" name="Israel" pageId="63" pageNumber="64">Israel</collectingCountry>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>