216 lines
18 KiB
XML
216 lines
18 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.109.1439" ID-PMC="PMC3118819" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1313-2970-109-19" ID-Pensoft-UUID="FFDE6B4A96644D30FFD8FFEA7F28FFF8" ID-PubMed="21852932" ID-Zenodo-Dep="577024" ModsDocID="1313-2970-109-19" checkinTime="1451250264676" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Kaiser, Hinrich, Carvalho, Venancio Lopes, Ceballos, Jester, Freed, Paul, Heacox, Scott, Lester, Barbara, Richards, Stephen J., Trainor, Colin R., Sanchez, Caitlin & O'Shea, Mark" docDate="2011" docId="39EC5C98F092118D891F5064071E5D95" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 109: 19-86" docOrigin="ZooKeys 109" docPubDate="2011-06-20" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.109.1439" docTitle="Cryptoblepharus leschenault" docType="treatment" docVersion="5" id="FFDE6B4A96644D30FFD8FFEA7F28FFF8" lastPageNumber="38" masterDocId="FFDE6B4A96644D30FFD8FFEA7F28FFF8" masterDocTitle="The herpetofauna of Timor-Leste: a first report" masterLastPageNumber="86" masterPageNumber="19" pageNumber="38" updateTime="1668151585581" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>The herpetofauna of Timor-Leste: a first report</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Kaiser, Hinrich</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>Department of Biology, Victor Valley College, 18422 Bear Valley Road, Victorville, California 92395, USA; and The Foundation for Post-Conflict Development, 245 Park Avenue, 24 th Floor, New York, New York 10167, USA</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier type="email">chalcopis@yahoo.com</mods:nameIdentifier>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Carvalho, Venancio Lopes</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>Universidade National Timor-Lorosa'e, Faculdade de Ciencias da Educacao, Departamentu da Biologia, Avenida Cidade de Lisboa, Liceu Dr. Francisco Machado, Dili, Timor-Leste</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Ceballos, Jester</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>Department of Biology, Victor Valley College, 18422 Bear Valley Road, Victorville, California 92395, USA; and The Foundation for Post-Conflict Development, 245 Park Avenue, 24 th Floor, New York, New York 10167, USA</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Freed, Paul</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>14149 S. Butte Creek Road, Scotts Mills, Oregon 97375, USA</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Heacox, Scott</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>Department of Biology, Victor Valley College, 18422 Bear Valley Road, Victorville, California 92395, USA; and The Foundation for Post-Conflict Development, 245 Park Avenue, 24 th Floor, New York, New York 10167, USA</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Lester, Barbara</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>14149 S. Butte Creek Road, Scotts Mills, Oregon 97375, USA</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Richards, Stephen J.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>Conservation International, PO Box 1024, Atherton, Queensland 4883, Australia; and Herpetology Department, South Australian Museum, North Terrace, Adelaide, South Australia 5000, Australia</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Trainor, Colin R.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>School of Environmental and Life Sciences, Charles Darwin University, Darwin, Northern Territory 0909, Australia</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Sanchez, Caitlin</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>Department of Biology, Victor Valley College, 18422 Bear Valley Road, Victorville, California 92395, USA; and The Foundation for Post-Conflict Development, 245 Park Avenue, 24 th Floor, New York, New York 10167, USA</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>O'Shea, Mark</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>West Midland Safari Park, Bewdley, Worcestershire DY 12 1 LF, United Kingdom; and Australian Venom Research Unit, Department of Pharmacology, University of Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:relatedItem type="host">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>ZooKeys</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part>
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<mods:date>2011</mods:date>
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<mods:detail type="pubDate">
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<mods:number>2011-06-20</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:detail type="volume">
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<mods:number>109</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:extent unit="page">
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<mods:start>19</mods:start>
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<mods:end>86</mods:end>
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</mods:extent>
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</mods:part>
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</mods:relatedItem>
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<mods:location>
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<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.109.1439</mods:url>
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</mods:location>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.109.1439</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1313-2970-109-19</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-UUID">FFDE6B4A96644D30FFD8FFEA7F28FFF8</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Zenodo-Dep">577024</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="152029861" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:39EC5C98F092118D891F5064071E5D95" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/39EC5C98F092118D891F5064071E5D95" lastPageNumber="38" pageId="19" pageNumber="38">
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<subSubSection pageId="19" pageNumber="38" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph pageId="19" pageNumber="38">
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<taxonomicName LSID="39EC5C98-F092-118D-891F-5064071E5D95" authority="(Cocteau, 1832)" baseAuthorityName="Cocteau" baseAuthorityYear="1832" class="Reptilia" family="Scincidae" genus="Cryptoblepharus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cryptoblepharus leschenault" order="Squamata" pageId="19" pageNumber="38" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="leschenault">Cryptoblepharus leschenault (Cocteau, 1832)</taxonomicName>
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 15" captionStartId="F15" captionText="Figure 15. Cryptoblepharus leschenault. Male (USNM 573654, SVL 37 mm, TL 84 mm) from near Lore, Lautem District. Photo by Mark O'Shea." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/15862" pageId="19" pageNumber="38">Fig. 15</figureCitation>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="19" pageNumber="38" type="common name">
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<paragraph pageId="19" pageNumber="38">Common name.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="19" pageNumber="38">
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(E)
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Leschenault’s">Leschenault's</normalizedToken>
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snake-eyed skink. *(T)
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Mamór">Mamor</normalizedToken>
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matan samea (
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<normalizedToken originalValue="mamór">mamor</normalizedToken>
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= skink, matan = eye, samea = snake).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="19" pageNumber="38" type="identification">
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<paragraph pageId="19" pageNumber="38">Identification.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="19" pageNumber="38">
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The defining characteristic of this genus, which occurs widely across the tropical world, is the lack of moveable eyelids, which are replaced by transparent snake-like brilles. Their slender body, long tail, and distinctive dorsal pattern, consisting of two light dorsolateral stripes and a characteristic light mid-dorsal line that forks posterior to the neck, easily identifies individuals of this species. Our identification of this species was confirmed by reviewing the figures in
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<bibRefCitation author="Horner, P" journalOrPublisher="The Beagle, Records of the Museums and Art Galleries of the Northern Territory, Supplement" pageId="34" pageNumber="53" pagination="21 - 198" refId="B48" refString="Horner, P, 2007. Systematics of the snake-eyed skinks, Cryptoblepharus Wiegmann (Reptilia: Squamata: Scincidae)-an Australian-based review. The Beagle, Records of the Museums and Art Galleries of the Northern Territory, Supplement 3: 21 - 198" title="Systematics of the snake-eyed skinks, Cryptoblepharus Wiegmann (Reptilia: Squamata: Scincidae) - an Australian-based review." volume="3" year="2007">Horner (2007</bibRefCitation>
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: Figs. 170, 171).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="19" pageNumber="38" type="collection and natural history">
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<paragraph pageId="19" pageNumber="38">Collection and natural history.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="19" pageNumber="38">
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We collected four individuals of
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<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Cocteau" baseAuthorityYear="1832" class="Reptilia" family="Scincidae" genus="Cryptoblepharus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Squamata" pageId="19" pageNumber="38" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="leschenault">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="38">Cryptoblepharus leschenault</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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and observed many others. These skinks were invariably seen on the trunks of hardwoods above root level. Two species of
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Wiegmann" authorityYear="1834" class="Reptilia" family="Scincidae" genus="Cryptoblepharus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Squamata" pageId="19" pageNumber="38" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="38">Cryptoblepharus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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have been reported from Timor, but we did not encounter
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Mertens" authorityYear="1928" class="Reptilia" family="Scincidae" genus="Cryptoblepharus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Squamata" pageId="19" pageNumber="38" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="schlegelianus">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="38">Cryptoblepharus schlegelianus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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, which can be distinguished from
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<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Cocteau" baseAuthorityYear="1832" class="Reptilia" family="Scincidae" genus="Cryptoblepharus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Squamata" pageId="19" pageNumber="38" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="leschenault">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="38">Cryptoblepharus leschenault</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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by a greatly reduced degree of dorsolateral striping, particularly the lack of a vertebral stripe that extends along the dorsum and onto the tail (
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<bibRefCitation author="Horner, P" journalOrPublisher="The Beagle, Records of the Museums and Art Galleries of the Northern Territory, Supplement" pageId="34" pageNumber="53" pagination="21 - 198" refId="B48" refString="Horner, P, 2007. Systematics of the snake-eyed skinks, Cryptoblepharus Wiegmann (Reptilia: Squamata: Scincidae)-an Australian-based review. The Beagle, Records of the Museums and Art Galleries of the Northern Territory, Supplement 3: 21 - 198" title="Systematics of the snake-eyed skinks, Cryptoblepharus Wiegmann (Reptilia: Squamata: Scincidae) - an Australian-based review." volume="3" year="2007">Horner 2007</bibRefCitation>
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: Fig. 188).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="19" pageNumber="38" type="taxonomic comment">
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<paragraph pageId="19" pageNumber="38">Taxonomic comment.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="19" pageNumber="38">
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Salomon
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Müller">Mueller</normalizedToken>
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first mentioned the occurrence of this species on Timor in letters written in 1829 (
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<bibRefCitation author="Brongersma, LD" journalOrPublisher="Zoologische Mededelingen, Leiden" pageId="34" pageNumber="53" pagination="125 - 152" refId="B17" refString="Brongersma, LD, 1942. Notes on scincid lizards. Zoologische Mededelingen, Leiden 24 (1-2): 125 - 152" title="Notes on scincid lizards." volume="24" year="1942">Brongersma 1942</bibRefCitation>
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).
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Müller">Mueller</normalizedToken>
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reported on collections he made on Semau, a small island off the northwest coast of West Timor, as well as on Timor.
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Müller’s">Mueller's</normalizedToken>
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descriptions include
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Mertens" authorityYear="1928" class="Reptilia" family="Scincidae" genus="Cryptoblepharus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Squamata" pageId="19" pageNumber="38" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="schlegelianus">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="38">Cryptoblepharus schlegelianus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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and
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<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Cocteau" baseAuthorityYear="1832" class="Reptilia" family="Scincidae" genus="Cryptoblepharus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Squamata" pageId="19" pageNumber="38" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="leschenault">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="38">Cryptoblepharus leschenault</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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and it appears that both of these species were collected within a short time span during his visits. Based on the specimens available to Brongersma in the 1940s in the collections at the RMNH (see
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<bibRefCitation author="Brongersma, LD" journalOrPublisher="Zoologische Mededelingen, Leiden" pageId="34" pageNumber="53" pagination="125 - 152" refId="B17" refString="Brongersma, LD, 1942. Notes on scincid lizards. Zoologische Mededelingen, Leiden 24 (1-2): 125 - 152" title="Notes on scincid lizards." volume="24" year="1942">Brongersma 1942</bibRefCitation>
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) and our own search of herpetological collections, there exists a single voucher specimen of
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<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Cocteau" baseAuthorityYear="1832" class="Reptilia" family="Scincidae" genus="Cryptoblepharus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Squamata" pageId="19" pageNumber="38" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="leschenault">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="38">Cryptoblepharus leschenault</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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from Timor in the collection of the Naturhistorisches Museum Basel (NHMB 12885, as
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Mertens" authorityYear="1930" class="Reptilia" family="Scincidae" genus="Ablepharus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Squamata" pageId="19" pageNumber="38" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="boutonii" subSpecies="leschenault">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="38">Ablepharus boutonii leschenault</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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), which was first reported by
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<bibRefCitation author="Forcart, L" journalOrPublisher="Verhandlungen der Naturforschenden Gesellschaft Basel" pageId="34" pageNumber="53" pagination="356 - 388" refId="B37" refString="Forcart, L, 1953. Die Amphibien und Reptilien von Sumba, ihre zoogeographischen Beziehungen und Revision der Unterarten von Typhlops polygrammicus. Verhandlungen der Naturforschenden Gesellschaft Basel 64: 356 - 388" title="Die Amphibien und Reptilien von Sumba, ihre zoogeographischen Beziehungen und Revision der Unterarten von Typhlops polygrammicus." volume="64" year="1953">Forcart (1953)</bibRefCitation>
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. Our specimens therefore comprise the first series of
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<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Cocteau" baseAuthorityYear="1832" class="Reptilia" family="Scincidae" genus="Cryptoblepharus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Squamata" pageId="19" pageNumber="38" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="leschenault">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="38">Cryptoblepharus leschenault</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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from Timor and Timor-Leste. Specimens collected of this species by Max Weber (see
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<bibRefCitation author="Weber, M" journalOrPublisher="EJ Brill, Leiden" pageId="34" pageNumber="53" pagination="159 - 177" refId="B93" refString="Weber, M, 1890. Reptilia from the Malay Archipelago. I. Sauria, Crocodilidae, Chelonia. In: Weber M (Ed) Zoologische Ergebnisse einer Reise in Niederlaendisch Ost-Indien. EJ Brill, Leiden: 159 - 177" title="Reptilia from the Malay Archipelago. I. Sauria, Crocodilidae, Chelonia. In: Weber M (Ed) Zoologische Ergebnisse einer Reise in Niederlaendisch Ost-Indien." year="1890">Weber 1890</bibRefCitation>
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) were from Flores (described as
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Weber" authorityYear="1890" class="Reptilia" family="Scincidae" genus="Ablepharus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Squamata" pageId="19" pageNumber="38" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="boutonii" subSpecies="furcata">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="38">Ablepharus boutonii furcata</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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).
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</paragraph>
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<caption httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/15862" pageId="19" pageNumber="38" start="Figure 15" startId="F15">
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<paragraph pageId="19" pageNumber="38">
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="38">Figure 15.</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Cocteau" baseAuthorityYear="1832" class="Reptilia" family="Scincidae" genus="Cryptoblepharus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Squamata" pageId="19" pageNumber="38" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="leschenault">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="38">Cryptoblepharus leschenault</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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.Male (USNM 573654, SVL 37 mm, TL 84 mm) from near
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Loré">Lore</normalizedToken>
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,
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Lautém">Lautem</normalizedToken>
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District. Photo by Mark
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<normalizedToken originalValue="O’Shea">O'Shea</normalizedToken>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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</subSubSection>
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</treatment>
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</document> |