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<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.109.1439" ID-PMC="PMC3118819" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1313-2970-109-19" ID-Pensoft-UUID="FFDE6B4A96644D30FFD8FFEA7F28FFF8" ID-PubMed="21852932" ID-Zenodo-Dep="577024" ModsDocID="1313-2970-109-19" checkinTime="1451250264676" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Kaiser, Hinrich, Carvalho, Venancio Lopes, Ceballos, Jester, Freed, Paul, Heacox, Scott, Lester, Barbara, Richards, Stephen J., Trainor, Colin R., Sanchez, Caitlin &amp; O'Shea, Mark" docDate="2011" docId="39EC5C98F092118D891F5064071E5D95" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 109: 19-86" docOrigin="ZooKeys 109" docPubDate="2011-06-20" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.109.1439" docTitle="Cryptoblepharus leschenault" docType="treatment" docVersion="5" id="FFDE6B4A96644D30FFD8FFEA7F28FFF8" lastPageNumber="38" masterDocId="FFDE6B4A96644D30FFD8FFEA7F28FFF8" masterDocTitle="The herpetofauna of Timor-Leste: a first report" masterLastPageNumber="86" masterPageNumber="19" pageNumber="38" updateTime="1668151585581" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
<mods:titleInfo>
<mods:title>The herpetofauna of Timor-Leste: a first report</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Kaiser, Hinrich</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation>Department of Biology, Victor Valley College, 18422 Bear Valley Road, Victorville, California 92395, USA; and The Foundation for Post-Conflict Development, 245 Park Avenue, 24 th Floor, New York, New York 10167, USA</mods:affiliation>
<mods:nameIdentifier type="email">chalcopis@yahoo.com</mods:nameIdentifier>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Carvalho, Venancio Lopes</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation>Universidade National Timor-Lorosa'e, Faculdade de Ciencias da Educacao, Departamentu da Biologia, Avenida Cidade de Lisboa, Liceu Dr. Francisco Machado, Dili, Timor-Leste</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Ceballos, Jester</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation>Department of Biology, Victor Valley College, 18422 Bear Valley Road, Victorville, California 92395, USA; and The Foundation for Post-Conflict Development, 245 Park Avenue, 24 th Floor, New York, New York 10167, USA</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Freed, Paul</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation>14149 S. Butte Creek Road, Scotts Mills, Oregon 97375, USA</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Heacox, Scott</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation>Department of Biology, Victor Valley College, 18422 Bear Valley Road, Victorville, California 92395, USA; and The Foundation for Post-Conflict Development, 245 Park Avenue, 24 th Floor, New York, New York 10167, USA</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Lester, Barbara</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation>14149 S. Butte Creek Road, Scotts Mills, Oregon 97375, USA</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Richards, Stephen J.</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation>Conservation International, PO Box 1024, Atherton, Queensland 4883, Australia; and Herpetology Department, South Australian Museum, North Terrace, Adelaide, South Australia 5000, Australia</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Trainor, Colin R.</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation>School of Environmental and Life Sciences, Charles Darwin University, Darwin, Northern Territory 0909, Australia</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Sanchez, Caitlin</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation>Department of Biology, Victor Valley College, 18422 Bear Valley Road, Victorville, California 92395, USA; and The Foundation for Post-Conflict Development, 245 Park Avenue, 24 th Floor, New York, New York 10167, USA</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>O'Shea, Mark</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation>West Midland Safari Park, Bewdley, Worcestershire DY 12 1 LF, United Kingdom; and Australian Venom Research Unit, Department of Pharmacology, University of Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
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<mods:title>ZooKeys</mods:title>
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<mods:part>
<mods:date>2011</mods:date>
<mods:detail type="pubDate">
<mods:number>2011-06-20</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:detail type="volume">
<mods:number>109</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:extent unit="page">
<mods:start>19</mods:start>
<mods:end>86</mods:end>
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<mods:location>
<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.109.1439</mods:url>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.109.1439</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1313-2970-109-19</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-UUID">FFDE6B4A96644D30FFD8FFEA7F28FFF8</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="Zenodo-Dep">577024</mods:identifier>
</mods:mods>
<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="152029861" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:39EC5C98F092118D891F5064071E5D95" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/39EC5C98F092118D891F5064071E5D95" lastPageNumber="38" pageId="19" pageNumber="38">
<subSubSection pageId="19" pageNumber="38" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph pageId="19" pageNumber="38">
<taxonomicName LSID="39EC5C98-F092-118D-891F-5064071E5D95" authority="(Cocteau, 1832)" baseAuthorityName="Cocteau" baseAuthorityYear="1832" class="Reptilia" family="Scincidae" genus="Cryptoblepharus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cryptoblepharus leschenault" order="Squamata" pageId="19" pageNumber="38" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="leschenault">Cryptoblepharus leschenault (Cocteau, 1832)</taxonomicName>
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 15" captionStartId="F15" captionText="Figure 15. Cryptoblepharus leschenault. Male (USNM 573654, SVL 37 mm, TL 84 mm) from near Lore, Lautem District. Photo by Mark O'Shea." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/15862" pageId="19" pageNumber="38">Fig. 15</figureCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="19" pageNumber="38" type="common name">
<paragraph pageId="19" pageNumber="38">Common name.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="19" pageNumber="38">
(E)
<normalizedToken originalValue="Leschenaults">Leschenault's</normalizedToken>
snake-eyed skink. *(T)
<normalizedToken originalValue="Mamór">Mamor</normalizedToken>
matan samea (
<normalizedToken originalValue="mamór">mamor</normalizedToken>
= skink, matan = eye, samea = snake).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="19" pageNumber="38" type="identification">
<paragraph pageId="19" pageNumber="38">Identification.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="19" pageNumber="38">
The defining characteristic of this genus, which occurs widely across the tropical world, is the lack of moveable eyelids, which are replaced by transparent snake-like brilles. Their slender body, long tail, and distinctive dorsal pattern, consisting of two light dorsolateral stripes and a characteristic light mid-dorsal line that forks posterior to the neck, easily identifies individuals of this species. Our identification of this species was confirmed by reviewing the figures in
<bibRefCitation author="Horner, P" journalOrPublisher="The Beagle, Records of the Museums and Art Galleries of the Northern Territory, Supplement" pageId="34" pageNumber="53" pagination="21 - 198" refId="B48" refString="Horner, P, 2007. Systematics of the snake-eyed skinks, Cryptoblepharus Wiegmann (Reptilia: Squamata: Scincidae)-an Australian-based review. The Beagle, Records of the Museums and Art Galleries of the Northern Territory, Supplement 3: 21 - 198" title="Systematics of the snake-eyed skinks, Cryptoblepharus Wiegmann (Reptilia: Squamata: Scincidae) - an Australian-based review." volume="3" year="2007">Horner (2007</bibRefCitation>
: Figs. 170, 171).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="19" pageNumber="38" type="collection and natural history">
<paragraph pageId="19" pageNumber="38">Collection and natural history.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="19" pageNumber="38">
We collected four individuals of
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Cocteau" baseAuthorityYear="1832" class="Reptilia" family="Scincidae" genus="Cryptoblepharus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Squamata" pageId="19" pageNumber="38" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="leschenault">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="38">Cryptoblepharus leschenault</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and observed many others. These skinks were invariably seen on the trunks of hardwoods above root level. Two species of
<taxonomicName authorityName="Wiegmann" authorityYear="1834" class="Reptilia" family="Scincidae" genus="Cryptoblepharus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Squamata" pageId="19" pageNumber="38" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="38">Cryptoblepharus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
have been reported from Timor, but we did not encounter
<taxonomicName authorityName="Mertens" authorityYear="1928" class="Reptilia" family="Scincidae" genus="Cryptoblepharus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Squamata" pageId="19" pageNumber="38" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="schlegelianus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="38">Cryptoblepharus schlegelianus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, which can be distinguished from
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Cocteau" baseAuthorityYear="1832" class="Reptilia" family="Scincidae" genus="Cryptoblepharus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Squamata" pageId="19" pageNumber="38" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="leschenault">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="38">Cryptoblepharus leschenault</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by a greatly reduced degree of dorsolateral striping, particularly the lack of a vertebral stripe that extends along the dorsum and onto the tail (
<bibRefCitation author="Horner, P" journalOrPublisher="The Beagle, Records of the Museums and Art Galleries of the Northern Territory, Supplement" pageId="34" pageNumber="53" pagination="21 - 198" refId="B48" refString="Horner, P, 2007. Systematics of the snake-eyed skinks, Cryptoblepharus Wiegmann (Reptilia: Squamata: Scincidae)-an Australian-based review. The Beagle, Records of the Museums and Art Galleries of the Northern Territory, Supplement 3: 21 - 198" title="Systematics of the snake-eyed skinks, Cryptoblepharus Wiegmann (Reptilia: Squamata: Scincidae) - an Australian-based review." volume="3" year="2007">Horner 2007</bibRefCitation>
: Fig. 188).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="19" pageNumber="38" type="taxonomic comment">
<paragraph pageId="19" pageNumber="38">Taxonomic comment.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="19" pageNumber="38">
Salomon
<normalizedToken originalValue="Müller">Mueller</normalizedToken>
first mentioned the occurrence of this species on Timor in letters written in 1829 (
<bibRefCitation author="Brongersma, LD" journalOrPublisher="Zoologische Mededelingen, Leiden" pageId="34" pageNumber="53" pagination="125 - 152" refId="B17" refString="Brongersma, LD, 1942. Notes on scincid lizards. Zoologische Mededelingen, Leiden 24 (1-2): 125 - 152" title="Notes on scincid lizards." volume="24" year="1942">Brongersma 1942</bibRefCitation>
).
<normalizedToken originalValue="Müller">Mueller</normalizedToken>
reported on collections he made on Semau, a small island off the northwest coast of West Timor, as well as on Timor.
<normalizedToken originalValue="Müllers">Mueller's</normalizedToken>
descriptions include
<taxonomicName authorityName="Mertens" authorityYear="1928" class="Reptilia" family="Scincidae" genus="Cryptoblepharus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Squamata" pageId="19" pageNumber="38" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="schlegelianus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="38">Cryptoblepharus schlegelianus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Cocteau" baseAuthorityYear="1832" class="Reptilia" family="Scincidae" genus="Cryptoblepharus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Squamata" pageId="19" pageNumber="38" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="leschenault">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="38">Cryptoblepharus leschenault</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and it appears that both of these species were collected within a short time span during his visits. Based on the specimens available to Brongersma in the 1940s in the collections at the RMNH (see
<bibRefCitation author="Brongersma, LD" journalOrPublisher="Zoologische Mededelingen, Leiden" pageId="34" pageNumber="53" pagination="125 - 152" refId="B17" refString="Brongersma, LD, 1942. Notes on scincid lizards. Zoologische Mededelingen, Leiden 24 (1-2): 125 - 152" title="Notes on scincid lizards." volume="24" year="1942">Brongersma 1942</bibRefCitation>
) and our own search of herpetological collections, there exists a single voucher specimen of
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Cocteau" baseAuthorityYear="1832" class="Reptilia" family="Scincidae" genus="Cryptoblepharus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Squamata" pageId="19" pageNumber="38" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="leschenault">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="38">Cryptoblepharus leschenault</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from Timor in the collection of the Naturhistorisches Museum Basel (NHMB 12885, as
<taxonomicName authorityName="Mertens" authorityYear="1930" class="Reptilia" family="Scincidae" genus="Ablepharus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Squamata" pageId="19" pageNumber="38" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="boutonii" subSpecies="leschenault">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="38">Ablepharus boutonii leschenault</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
), which was first reported by
<bibRefCitation author="Forcart, L" journalOrPublisher="Verhandlungen der Naturforschenden Gesellschaft Basel" pageId="34" pageNumber="53" pagination="356 - 388" refId="B37" refString="Forcart, L, 1953. Die Amphibien und Reptilien von Sumba, ihre zoogeographischen Beziehungen und Revision der Unterarten von Typhlops polygrammicus. Verhandlungen der Naturforschenden Gesellschaft Basel 64: 356 - 388" title="Die Amphibien und Reptilien von Sumba, ihre zoogeographischen Beziehungen und Revision der Unterarten von Typhlops polygrammicus." volume="64" year="1953">Forcart (1953)</bibRefCitation>
. Our specimens therefore comprise the first series of
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Cocteau" baseAuthorityYear="1832" class="Reptilia" family="Scincidae" genus="Cryptoblepharus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Squamata" pageId="19" pageNumber="38" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="leschenault">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="38">Cryptoblepharus leschenault</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from Timor and Timor-Leste. Specimens collected of this species by Max Weber (see
<bibRefCitation author="Weber, M" journalOrPublisher="EJ Brill, Leiden" pageId="34" pageNumber="53" pagination="159 - 177" refId="B93" refString="Weber, M, 1890. Reptilia from the Malay Archipelago. I. Sauria, Crocodilidae, Chelonia. In: Weber M (Ed) Zoologische Ergebnisse einer Reise in Niederlaendisch Ost-Indien. EJ Brill, Leiden: 159 - 177" title="Reptilia from the Malay Archipelago. I. Sauria, Crocodilidae, Chelonia. In: Weber M (Ed) Zoologische Ergebnisse einer Reise in Niederlaendisch Ost-Indien." year="1890">Weber 1890</bibRefCitation>
) were from Flores (described as
<taxonomicName authorityName="Weber" authorityYear="1890" class="Reptilia" family="Scincidae" genus="Ablepharus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Squamata" pageId="19" pageNumber="38" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="boutonii" subSpecies="furcata">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="38">Ablepharus boutonii furcata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
).
</paragraph>
<caption httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/15862" pageId="19" pageNumber="38" start="Figure 15" startId="F15">
<paragraph pageId="19" pageNumber="38">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="38">Figure 15.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Cocteau" baseAuthorityYear="1832" class="Reptilia" family="Scincidae" genus="Cryptoblepharus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Squamata" pageId="19" pageNumber="38" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="leschenault">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="38">Cryptoblepharus leschenault</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.Male (USNM 573654, SVL 37 mm, TL 84 mm) from near
<normalizedToken originalValue="Loré">Lore</normalizedToken>
,
<normalizedToken originalValue="Lautém">Lautem</normalizedToken>
District. Photo by Mark
<normalizedToken originalValue="OShea">O'Shea</normalizedToken>
.
</paragraph>
</caption>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>