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<document ID-DOI="10.11646/palaeoentomology.5.4.2" ID-ISSN="2624-2834" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7333418" ID-ZooBank="CABBCB06-AECC-4431-B776-AC60AF2433F2" approvalRequired="1" approvalRequired_for_treatments="1" checkinTime="1668764741503" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="LI, GANG" docDate="2022" docId="38415B13FFBE352916BCFF2933F8FEBB" docLanguage="en" docName="palaeoentomology.5.4.2.pdf" docOrigin="Palaeoentomology 5 (4)" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/palaeoentomology.5.4.2" docStyle="DocumentStyle:4EE6FD780FF4521D541D0D0600705D0E.2:Palaeontomology.2018-.journal_article" docStyleId="4EE6FD780FF4521D541D0D0600705D0E" docStyleName="Palaeontomology.2018-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="2" docTitle="Shipingia hebaozhaiensis Shen" docType="treatment" docVersion="2" lastPageNumber="302" masterDocId="C478236BFFBA352D1634FF8F3062FF96" masterDocTitle="SEM morphological study of the Late Triassic clam shrimp Shipingia hebaozhaiensis (Spinicaudata, Crustacea) from Yunnan, southwestern China" masterLastPageNumber="304" masterPageNumber="298" pageNumber="302" updateTime="1668765164851" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:titleInfo>
<mods:title>SEM morphological study of the Late Triassic clam shrimp Shipingia hebaozhaiensis (Spinicaudata, Crustacea) from Yunnan, southwestern China</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart>LI, GANG</mods:namePart>
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:titleInfo>
<mods:title>Palaeoentomology</mods:title>
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<mods:part>
<mods:date>2022</mods:date>
<mods:detail type="pubDate">
<mods:number>2022-08-15</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:detail type="volume">
<mods:number>5</mods:number>
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<mods:detail type="issue">
<mods:number>4</mods:number>
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<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/palaeoentomology.5.4.2</mods:url>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier type="DOI">10.11646/palaeoentomology.5.4.2</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="ISSN">2624-2834</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="Zenodo-Dep">7333418</mods:identifier>
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<treatment ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7333434" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7333434" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:38415B13FFBE352916BCFF2933F8FEBB" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/38415B13FFBE352916BCFF2933F8FEBB" lastPageNumber="302" pageId="4" pageNumber="302">
<subSubSection box="[136,745,166,193]" pageId="4" pageNumber="302" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph blockId="4.[136,745,166,230]" box="[136,745,166,193]" pageId="4" pageNumber="302">
<heading bold="true" box="[136,745,166,193]" fontSize="10" level="2" pageId="4" pageNumber="302" reason="3">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[136,745,166,193]" pageId="4" pageNumber="302">
<taxonomicName authority="Shen" authorityName="Shen" box="[136,497,166,193]" class="Branchiopoda" family="Shipingiidae" genus="Shipingia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diplostraca" pageId="4" pageNumber="302" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hebaozhaiensis">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[136,431,166,193]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="302">Shipingia hebaozhaiensis</emphasis>
Shen
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis bold="true" box="[504,527,167,193]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="302">in</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation author="Zhang, W. T. &amp; Chen, P. J. &amp; Shen, Y. B." box="[534,745,166,193]" pageId="4" pageNumber="302" refId="ref4987" refString="Zhang, W. T., Chen, P. J. &amp; Shen, Y. B. (1976) Fossil Conchostraca of China. Science Press, Beijing, 325 pp. 138 pls. [In Chinese]" type="book" year="1976">
Zhang
<emphasis bold="true" box="[619,668,166,193]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="302">et al</emphasis>
., 1976
</bibRefCitation>
</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="4" pageNumber="302" type="description">
<paragraph blockId="4.[136,745,166,230]" box="[136,252,203,230]" pageId="4" pageNumber="302">
(
<figureCitation box="[144,217,203,230]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="2.[136,235,1735,1759]" captionTargetBox="[227,1360,189,1711]" captionTargetId="figure-15@2.[227,1360,189,1711]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 2. Shipingia hebaozhaiensis Shen in Zhang et al., 1976. A is a light micrograph, the others are SEM images. A, External mould of a left valve, holotype, NIGP 29859. B, Large sized reticulate platform on a growth band near the umbo. C, A reverse image of B, showing the large sized reticulations on a growth band near the umbo. D, External mould on growth bands in the posterior dorsal part of the carapace, showing the transition from small to moderate nodules. E, A reverse image showing the fine reticulations on growth bands in the antero-ventral part of the carapace. F, A reversal image of D, showing the transition from fine to large-sized reticulations on growth bands in the posterior dorsal part of the carapace. G, A reverse image showing the fine reticulations on a growth band in the ventral part of the carapace. H, A reverse image, showing the transition from large-sized reticulation to fine reticulations on growth bands in the middle part of the carapace. Scale bars = 1 mm in A; 20 µm in B, C, G; 40 µm in H; 50 µm in E; 100 µm in D, F." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7333426" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7333426/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="302">Figs 2</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation box="[229,243,204,230]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="3.[136,235,1817,1841]" captionTargetBox="[194,1389,189,1794]" captionTargetId="figure-30@3.[194,1389,189,1794]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 3. Shipingia hebaozhaiensis Shen in Zhang et al., 1976. A is a light micrograph, the others are SEM images. A, external mould of a right valve, NIGP 29860. B, small to large sized reticulate platform on a growth band in the antero-dorsal part of the carapace. C, D, medium to large sized reticulate platform on growth bands in the dorsal part of the carapace. E, small and large sized reticulate platform on growth bands in the anterior middle part of the carapace. F, small and large sized platform on growth bands in the posterior dorsal part of the carapace. G, small sized nodules on growth bands in the antero-ventral part of the carapace. H, small sized nodules on growth bands in the postero-ventral part of the carapace. Scale bars = 1 mm in A; 20 µm in B; 40 µm in C, G; 60 µm in E, F; 100 µm in D, H." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7333432" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7333432/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="302">3</figureCitation>
)
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="4.[136,778,280,485]" pageId="4" pageNumber="302">
1976
<taxonomicName authority="LI, 2022" authorityName="LI" authorityYear="2022" box="[193,442,280,301]" class="Branchiopoda" family="Shipingiidae" genus="Shipingia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diplostraca" pageId="4" pageNumber="302" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hebaozhaiensis" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis box="[193,442,280,301]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="302">Shipingia hebaozhaiensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel box="[451,529,281,302]" pageId="4" pageNumber="302" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
Shen
<emphasis box="[594,613,281,302]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="302">in</emphasis>
Zhang
<emphasis box="[693,739,280,302]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="302">et al</emphasis>
., p. 145, pl. 32, figs 15.
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="4.[136,778,280,485]" pageId="4" pageNumber="302">
1985
<taxonomicName authority="Shen" authorityName="Shen" box="[191,497,353,375]" class="Branchiopoda" family="Shipingiidae" genus="Shipingia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diplostraca" pageId="4" pageNumber="302" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hebaozhaiensis">
<emphasis box="[191,438,353,374]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="302">Shipingia hebaozhaiensis</emphasis>
Shen
</taxonomicName>
: Chen &amp; Shen, p. 107, pl. 7, figs 7, 8; text-fig. 66.
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="4.[136,778,280,485]" pageId="4" pageNumber="302">
2007
<taxonomicName authority="Shen" authorityName="Shen" box="[191,495,426,448]" class="Branchiopoda" family="Shipingiidae" genus="Shipingia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diplostraca" pageId="4" pageNumber="302" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hebaozhaiensis">
<emphasis box="[191,437,426,447]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="302">Shipingia hebaozhaiensis</emphasis>
Shen
</taxonomicName>
: Kozur &amp; Weems, p. 146, pl. 6, figs 17.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="4" pageNumber="302" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph blockId="4.[136,778,532,2093]" pageId="4" pageNumber="302">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[136,375,532,558]" pageId="4" pageNumber="302">Emended diagnosis.</emphasis>
Carapace medium in size, elliptical in outline. Growth bands wide in the dorsal part, and narrow near the ventral margin. Growth bands near the umbo ornamented with irregularly arranged small and large sized reticulations. Growth bands in the middle part of the carapace, large sized reticulations located in the upper part of each growth band, and small sized reticulations located in the lower part of each growth band. Growth bands near the venter ornamented with small sized reticulations.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="4" pageNumber="302" type="description">
<paragraph blockId="4.[136,778,532,2093]" pageId="4" pageNumber="302">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[189,659,897,924]" pageId="4" pageNumber="302">
Dimensions of the figured specimen
<emphasis bold="true" box="[642,659,898,924]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="302">s.</emphasis>
</emphasis>
In order: specimen No., number of growth bands, length (mm), height (mm), height/length ratio: NIGP29859, 18, 7.4, 4.5, 0.61; NIGP29860, 7.3, 12, 4.5, 0.62.
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="4.[136,778,532,2093]" pageId="4" pageNumber="302">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[189,454,1043,1070]" pageId="4" pageNumber="302">Locality and horizon.</emphasis>
Shiping County of Yunnan Province, Upper Triassic Ganhaizi Formation;
<collectingCountry box="[668,773,1080,1106]" name="Germany" pageId="4" pageNumber="302">Germany</collectingCountry>
, the middle Norian Arnstadt and Stubensandstein 2 formations; The
<collectingCountry box="[331,489,1153,1179]" name="United States of America" pageId="4" pageNumber="302">United States</collectingCountry>
, the middle Norian Bull Run and Gettysburg Shale formations.
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="4.[136,778,532,2093]" pageId="4" pageNumber="302">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[189,335,1226,1252]" pageId="4" pageNumber="302">Description.</emphasis>
Carapace moderate in size, elliptical in outline. Dorsal margin long and straight, small umbo located in its anterior part. Anterior and posterior margins rounded, ventral margin widely arched downward. Growth bands wide in the dorsal part, and become narrow near the ventral margin,
<quantity box="[404,520,1409,1435]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.81" metricValueMax="4.572" metricValueMin="3.048" pageId="4" pageNumber="302" unit="in" value="15.0" valueMax="18.0" valueMin="12.0">12 to 18 in</quantity>
number. Growth bands in the dorsal part ornamented with small and large sized, polygonal reticulations (
<figureCitation box="[408,533,1482,1508]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="2.[136,235,1735,1759]" captionTargetBox="[227,1360,189,1711]" captionTargetId="figure-15@2.[227,1360,189,1711]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 2. Shipingia hebaozhaiensis Shen in Zhang et al., 1976. A is a light micrograph, the others are SEM images. A, External mould of a left valve, holotype, NIGP 29859. B, Large sized reticulate platform on a growth band near the umbo. C, A reverse image of B, showing the large sized reticulations on a growth band near the umbo. D, External mould on growth bands in the posterior dorsal part of the carapace, showing the transition from small to moderate nodules. E, A reverse image showing the fine reticulations on growth bands in the antero-ventral part of the carapace. F, A reversal image of D, showing the transition from fine to large-sized reticulations on growth bands in the posterior dorsal part of the carapace. G, A reverse image showing the fine reticulations on a growth band in the ventral part of the carapace. H, A reverse image, showing the transition from large-sized reticulation to fine reticulations on growth bands in the middle part of the carapace. Scale bars = 1 mm in A; 20 µm in B, C, G; 40 µm in H; 50 µm in E; 100 µm in D, F." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7333426" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7333426/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="302">Figs 2B, C</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation box="[545,642,1482,1508]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="3.[136,235,1817,1841]" captionTargetBox="[194,1389,189,1794]" captionTargetId="figure-30@3.[194,1389,189,1794]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 3. Shipingia hebaozhaiensis Shen in Zhang et al., 1976. A is a light micrograph, the others are SEM images. A, external mould of a right valve, NIGP 29860. B, small to large sized reticulate platform on a growth band in the antero-dorsal part of the carapace. C, D, medium to large sized reticulate platform on growth bands in the dorsal part of the carapace. E, small and large sized reticulate platform on growth bands in the anterior middle part of the carapace. F, small and large sized platform on growth bands in the posterior dorsal part of the carapace. G, small sized nodules on growth bands in the antero-ventral part of the carapace. H, small sized nodules on growth bands in the postero-ventral part of the carapace. Scale bars = 1 mm in A; 20 µm in B; 40 µm in C, G; 60 µm in E, F; 100 µm in D, H." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7333432" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7333432/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="302">3B, C, F</figureCitation>
), mesh wall thin, mesh diameter 20 to 100 µm. Each growth band in the middle part of the carapace is ornamented with largesized reticulations in its upper part, and transform to small-sized reticulations in its lower part (
<figureCitation box="[621,716,1628,1654]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="2.[136,235,1735,1759]" captionTargetBox="[227,1360,189,1711]" captionTargetId="figure-15@2.[227,1360,189,1711]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 2. Shipingia hebaozhaiensis Shen in Zhang et al., 1976. A is a light micrograph, the others are SEM images. A, External mould of a left valve, holotype, NIGP 29859. B, Large sized reticulate platform on a growth band near the umbo. C, A reverse image of B, showing the large sized reticulations on a growth band near the umbo. D, External mould on growth bands in the posterior dorsal part of the carapace, showing the transition from small to moderate nodules. E, A reverse image showing the fine reticulations on growth bands in the antero-ventral part of the carapace. F, A reversal image of D, showing the transition from fine to large-sized reticulations on growth bands in the posterior dorsal part of the carapace. G, A reverse image showing the fine reticulations on a growth band in the ventral part of the carapace. H, A reverse image, showing the transition from large-sized reticulation to fine reticulations on growth bands in the middle part of the carapace. Scale bars = 1 mm in A; 20 µm in B, C, G; 40 µm in H; 50 µm in E; 100 µm in D, F." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7333426" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7333426/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="302">Figs 2H</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation box="[730,765,1628,1654]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="3.[136,235,1817,1841]" captionTargetBox="[194,1389,189,1794]" captionTargetId="figure-30@3.[194,1389,189,1794]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 3. Shipingia hebaozhaiensis Shen in Zhang et al., 1976. A is a light micrograph, the others are SEM images. A, external mould of a right valve, NIGP 29860. B, small to large sized reticulate platform on a growth band in the antero-dorsal part of the carapace. C, D, medium to large sized reticulate platform on growth bands in the dorsal part of the carapace. E, small and large sized reticulate platform on growth bands in the anterior middle part of the carapace. F, small and large sized platform on growth bands in the posterior dorsal part of the carapace. G, small sized nodules on growth bands in the antero-ventral part of the carapace. H, small sized nodules on growth bands in the postero-ventral part of the carapace. Scale bars = 1 mm in A; 20 µm in B; 40 µm in C, G; 60 µm in E, F; 100 µm in D, H." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7333432" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7333432/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="302">3E</figureCitation>
). Growth bands near the ventral margin are ornamented with small-sized reticulations, mesh diameter 10 to 30 µm (
<figureCitation box="[144,269,1738,1764]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="2.[136,235,1735,1759]" captionTargetBox="[227,1360,189,1711]" captionTargetId="figure-15@2.[227,1360,189,1711]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 2. Shipingia hebaozhaiensis Shen in Zhang et al., 1976. A is a light micrograph, the others are SEM images. A, External mould of a left valve, holotype, NIGP 29859. B, Large sized reticulate platform on a growth band near the umbo. C, A reverse image of B, showing the large sized reticulations on a growth band near the umbo. D, External mould on growth bands in the posterior dorsal part of the carapace, showing the transition from small to moderate nodules. E, A reverse image showing the fine reticulations on growth bands in the antero-ventral part of the carapace. F, A reversal image of D, showing the transition from fine to large-sized reticulations on growth bands in the posterior dorsal part of the carapace. G, A reverse image showing the fine reticulations on a growth band in the ventral part of the carapace. H, A reverse image, showing the transition from large-sized reticulation to fine reticulations on growth bands in the middle part of the carapace. Scale bars = 1 mm in A; 20 µm in B, C, G; 40 µm in H; 50 µm in E; 100 µm in D, F." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7333426" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7333426/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="302">Figs 2E, G</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation box="[280,352,1738,1764]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="3.[136,235,1817,1841]" captionTargetBox="[194,1389,189,1794]" captionTargetId="figure-30@3.[194,1389,189,1794]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 3. Shipingia hebaozhaiensis Shen in Zhang et al., 1976. A is a light micrograph, the others are SEM images. A, external mould of a right valve, NIGP 29860. B, small to large sized reticulate platform on a growth band in the antero-dorsal part of the carapace. C, D, medium to large sized reticulate platform on growth bands in the dorsal part of the carapace. E, small and large sized reticulate platform on growth bands in the anterior middle part of the carapace. F, small and large sized platform on growth bands in the posterior dorsal part of the carapace. G, small sized nodules on growth bands in the antero-ventral part of the carapace. H, small sized nodules on growth bands in the postero-ventral part of the carapace. Scale bars = 1 mm in A; 20 µm in B; 40 µm in C, G; 60 µm in E, F; 100 µm in D, H." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7333432" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7333432/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="302">3G, H</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="4" pageNumber="302" type="discussion">
<paragraph blockId="4.[136,778,532,2093]" lastBlockId="4.[810,1452,166,301]" pageId="4" pageNumber="302">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[189,305,1774,1800]" pageId="4" pageNumber="302">Remarks.</emphasis>
Three species of
<taxonomicName authorityName="Shen" authorityYear="1976" box="[500,604,1774,1800]" class="Branchiopoda" family="Shipingiidae" genus="Shipingia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diplostraca" pageId="4" pageNumber="302" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis box="[500,604,1774,1800]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="302">Shipingia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
were originally described from the Upper Triassic Ganhaizi Formation:
<taxonomicName authority="Shen" authorityName="Shen" box="[136,489,1847,1873]" class="Branchiopoda" family="Shipingiidae" genus="Shipingia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diplostraca" pageId="4" pageNumber="302" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hebaozhaiensis">
<emphasis box="[136,424,1847,1873]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="302">Shipingia hebaozhaiensis</emphasis>
Shen
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis box="[498,520,1848,1873]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="302">in</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation author="Zhang, W. T. &amp; Chen, P. J. &amp; Shen, Y. B." box="[529,743,1847,1874]" pageId="4" pageNumber="302" refId="ref4987" refString="Zhang, W. T., Chen, P. J. &amp; Shen, Y. B. (1976) Fossil Conchostraca of China. Science Press, Beijing, 325 pp. 138 pls. [In Chinese]" type="book" year="1976">
Zhang
<emphasis box="[610,661,1847,1873]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="302">et al</emphasis>
., 1976
</bibRefCitation>
,
<taxonomicName authority="Shen" authorityName="Shen" class="Branchiopoda" family="Shipingiidae" genus="Shipingia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diplostraca" pageId="4" pageNumber="302" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="baxinensis">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="302">S. baxinensis</emphasis>
Shen
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis box="[324,346,1885,1910]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="302">in</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation author="Zhang, W. T. &amp; Chen, P. J. &amp; Shen, Y. B." box="[352,559,1884,1910]" pageId="4" pageNumber="302" refId="ref4987" refString="Zhang, W. T., Chen, P. J. &amp; Shen, Y. B. (1976) Fossil Conchostraca of China. Science Press, Beijing, 325 pp. 138 pls. [In Chinese]" type="book" year="1976">
Zhang
<emphasis box="[430,479,1884,1910]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="302">et al</emphasis>
., 1976
</bibRefCitation>
,
<taxonomicName authority="Shen" authorityName="Shen" box="[569,778,1884,1910]" class="Branchiopoda" family="Shipingiidae" genus="Shipingia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diplostraca" pageId="4" pageNumber="302" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="xinjieensis">
<emphasis box="[569,715,1884,1910]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="302">S. xinjieensis</emphasis>
Shen
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis box="[136,158,1921,1946]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="302">in</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation author="Zhang, W. T. &amp; Chen, P. J. &amp; Shen, Y. B." box="[164,369,1920,1947]" pageId="4" pageNumber="302" refId="ref4987" refString="Zhang, W. T., Chen, P. J. &amp; Shen, Y. B. (1976) Fossil Conchostraca of China. Science Press, Beijing, 325 pp. 138 pls. [In Chinese]" type="book" year="1976">
Zhang
<emphasis box="[242,290,1920,1946]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="302">et al</emphasis>
., 1976
</bibRefCitation>
. They differ from each other by their carapace outline.
<taxonomicName box="[331,615,1957,1983]" class="Branchiopoda" family="Shipingiidae" genus="Shipingia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diplostraca" pageId="4" pageNumber="302" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hebaozhaiensis">
<emphasis box="[331,615,1957,1983]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="302">Shipingia hebaozhaiensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is elliptical,
<taxonomicName class="Branchiopoda" family="Shipingiidae" genus="Shipingia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diplostraca" pageId="4" pageNumber="302" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="baxinensis">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="302">S. baxinensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is oval, and the small
<taxonomicName box="[507,653,1994,2020]" class="Branchiopoda" family="Shipingiidae" genus="Shipingia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diplostraca" pageId="4" pageNumber="302" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="xinjieensis">
<emphasis box="[507,521,1994,2020]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="302">S</emphasis>
.
<emphasis box="[535,653,1994,2019]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="302">xinjieensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is rounded in outline. Considering that the three species are associated together in the same horizon, they may be the same species, and the outline difference may indicate sexual dimorphism or the effects of preservational distortion. Further taxonomic SEM restudy on the latter two species is needed.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>