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<document id="A749496078992F337A0C86386302CCC4" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.3609.6.1" ID-GBIF-Dataset="0764bd23-6190-4145-97b6-aae7db169c8a" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="219312" ID-ZooBank="046410E8-079F-4FBF-B0EF-361DFCE92E2C" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1460573078236" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Anderson, Owen F." docDate="2013" docId="275FE5736D60FFE48C99FE77FB433FA8" docLanguage="en" docName="zt03609p567.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 3609 (6)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Araeosoma tertii Anderson, 2013, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docUuid="F2ACE0B3-2E44-41D2-9943-26FA3637003B" docUuidSource="ZooBank" docVersion="12" lastPageNumber="543" masterDocId="DB669D0B6D73FFF28C0EFFC0FFC53D72" masterDocTitle="A review of New Zealand and southeast Australian echinothuriinids (Echinodermata: Echinothuriidae) with descriptions of seven new species" masterLastPageNumber="567" masterPageNumber="521" pageNumber="540" updateTime="1698322607592" updateUser="plazi">
<mods:mods id="54F11ABC9EC61854AEF9900583C826A2" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
<mods:titleInfo id="78D1177F7B442F2F59A4B92309219013">
<mods:title id="88F3D3EE30DE077D7090486C0D7C2273">A review of New Zealand and southeast Australian echinothuriinids (Echinodermata: Echinothuriidae) with descriptions of seven new species</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:name id="D1094380C2079E88DCE3F2070FA9D233" type="personal">
<mods:role id="FD49ED27F97E37BD622D2EC77D656F27">
<mods:roleTerm id="61FC1EABCE7796B216F556B2E174BDC9">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="C3192861E8259D36CCF58B3B6DCD383C">Anderson, Owen F.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="30822C62C903EC39FF1A22326ADD3539">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="61BAC5991289F16E0D90DAAA2641CF8E">
<mods:date id="010E428C5FDE41B2F225E8C246459EDB">2013</mods:date>
<mods:detail id="4C04A844BD2EC3CF7D3E50ED09B26D7F" type="volume">
<mods:number id="2DA09B75C3DB52B06B6115F12409E381">3609</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="320406728D95A44A484148E84FB508F6">6</mods:number>
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<mods:classification id="3A493E38A9EA8B52674C8589C4DCC9B0">journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier id="45A15E954216ADD5FCA8E8471D0C626E" type="DOI">10.11646/zootaxa.3609.6.1</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="455EB62915E5A730418A7707D578F46E" type="GBIF-Dataset">0764bd23-6190-4145-97b6-aae7db169c8a</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="CA9FF848D5C8761D4521BC52B006B74D" type="ISSN">1175-5326</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="27A0C31F5DBAA9E2D9FD7F8A5CA3C384" type="Zenodo-Dep">219312</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="BBC92A4FDFB0F29D34C0E190A1EADAE1" type="ZooBank">046410E8-079F-4FBF-B0EF-361DFCE92E2C</mods:identifier>
</mods:mods>
<treatment id="275FE5736D60FFE48C99FE77FB433FA8" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5622880" ID-GBIF-Taxon="119559585" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5622880" LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:F2ACE0B3-2E44-41D2-9943-26FA3637003B" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/275FE5736D60FFE48C99FE77FB433FA8" lastPageId="22" lastPageNumber="543" pageId="19" pageNumber="540">
<subSubSection id="E7EC07EE6D60FFE18C99FE77FE503C80" pageId="19" pageNumber="540" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="AF4954656D60FFE18C99FE77FE003CA3" blockId="19.[151,453,439,498]" box="[151,453,439,465]" pageId="19" pageNumber="540">
<heading id="F401E3096D60FFE18C99FE77FE003CA3" bold="true" box="[151,453,439,465]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="19" pageNumber="540" reason="1">
<emphasis id="9D8288776D60FFE18C99FE77FE003CA3" bold="true" box="[151,453,439,465]" pageId="19" pageNumber="540">
<taxonomicName id="68F62FE66D60FFE18C99FE77FEA53CA3" ID-CoL="G4H6" box="[151,352,439,465]" class="Echinoidea" family="Echinothuriidae" genus="Araeosoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Echinothurioida" pageId="19" pageNumber="540" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="tertii" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="9D8288776D60FFE18C99FE77FEA53CA3" bold="true" box="[151,352,439,465]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="540">Araeosoma tertii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="86B1350C6D60FFE18D69FE77FE003CA3" box="[359,453,439,465]" pageId="19" pageNumber="540" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="AF4954656D60FFE18C99FE1AFE503C80" blockId="19.[151,453,439,498]" box="[151,405,474,498]" pageId="19" pageNumber="540">
<figureCitation id="37CD48E06D60FFE18C99FE1AFF3A3C80" box="[151,255,474,498]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="5.[151,250,912,935]" captionTargetBox="[505,1085,207,846]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[476,1119,187,888]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 3. Primary spine sections (left, oral; right, aboral). A, Araeosoma migratum (NIWA 45089); B, A. bakeri (NIWA 6564); C, Hapalosoma amynina (NIWA 6621); D, A. tertii (NIWA 29453); E, A. alternatum (NIWA 53579); F, A. anatirostrum (NIWA 29442); G, A. thetidis (NIWA 29419); H, A. bidentatum (NIWA 23720); I, A. leppienae (NIWA 23724)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/219315/files/figure.png" pageId="19" pageNumber="540">Figures 3</figureCitation>
D, 4E, 16–19
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="E7EC07EE6D60FFE18C99FDE3FB133EB4" pageId="19" pageNumber="540" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="AF4954656D60FFE18C99FDE3FC213FF0" blockId="19.[151,1437,546,2011]" pageId="19" pageNumber="540">
<emphasis id="9D8288776D60FFE18C99FDE3FF3B3F49" box="[151,254,547,571]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="540">
<typeStatus id="704DEAC76D60FFE18C99FDE3FF3B3F49" box="[151,254,547,571]" pageId="19" pageNumber="540" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
</emphasis>
—From Tuatoru Knoll in the Bay of Plenty, northeast
<collectingCountry id="D7E114F56D60FFE18F54FDE3FC313F48" box="[858,1012,546,570]" name="New Zealand" pageId="19" pageNumber="540">New Zealand</collectingCountry>
:
<geoCoordinate id="CAC232A26D60FFE18FF0FDE2FBBF3F48" box="[1022,1146,546,570]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="19" pageNumber="540" precision="92" value="-37.47">37° 28.2' S</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="CAC232A26D60FFE18888FDE2FAD73F48" box="[1158,1298,546,570]" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="19" pageNumber="540" precision="92" value="177.22">177° 13.2' E</geoCoordinate>
, 200–
<quantity id="680EF9806D60FFE18956FDE2FA593F48" box="[1368,1436,546,570]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.75" pageId="19" pageNumber="540" unit="m" value="175.0">175 m</quantity>
(
<quantity id="680EF9806D60FFE18C91FD86FEC53F2C" box="[159,256,582,606]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.65" pageId="19" pageNumber="540" unit="mm" value="165.0">165 mm</quantity>
TD), NIWA6615. Deposited in the NIC, Wellington. Caught on
<date id="DB4872A56D60FFE18FFDFD86FB173F2C" box="[1011,1234,582,606]" pageId="19" pageNumber="540" value="2004-11-12">12 November 2004</date>
by RV
<taxonomicName id="68F62FE66D60FFE1893FFD88FA593F2D" box="[1329,1436,584,607]" class="Arachnida" family="Uloboridae" genus="Tangaroa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="19" pageNumber="540" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="9D8288776D60FFE1893FFD88FA593F2D" box="[1329,1436,584,607]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="540">Tangaroa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
during research into the ecology of seamount fauna. Stored in 80% ethanol.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="AF4954656D60FFE18CC9FD50FEEE3E44" blockId="19.[151,1437,546,2011]" pageId="19" pageNumber="540">
<emphasis id="9D8288776D60FFE18CC9FD50FEFC3FD5" box="[199,313,656,679]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="540">
<typeStatus id="704DEAC76D60FFE18CC9FD50FEFC3FD5" box="[199,313,656,679]" pageId="19" pageNumber="540" type="paratype">Paratypes</typeStatus>
</emphasis>
—All from Mahina Knoll in the Bay of Plenty, collected on the same research survey as the
<typeStatus id="704DEAC76D60FFE18C99FD72FF383FB8" box="[151,253,690,714]" pageId="19" pageNumber="540" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
: One specimen (
<quantity id="680EF9806D60FFE18DB7FD72FDD23FB8" box="[441,535,690,714]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5699999999999998" pageId="19" pageNumber="540" unit="mm" value="157.0">157 mm</quantity>
TD),
<geoCoordinate id="CAC232A26D60FFE18E52FD72FD1F3FB8" box="[604,730,690,714]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="19" pageNumber="540" precision="92" value="-37.355">37° 21.3' S</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="CAC232A26D60FFE18EE6FD72FCAD3FB8" box="[744,872,690,714]" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="19" pageNumber="540" precision="92" value="177.1">177° 6.0' E</geoCoordinate>
,
<quantity id="680EF9806D60FFE18F7BFD72FC333FB8" box="[885,1014,690,714]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.7" metricValueMax="2.8" metricValueMin="2.6" pageId="19" pageNumber="540" unit="m" value="270.0" valueMax="280.0" valueMin="260.0">260–280 m</quantity>
, NIWA6600; one specimen (
<quantity id="680EF9806D60FFE18930FD72FA593FB8" box="[1342,1436,690,714]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.41" pageId="19" pageNumber="540" unit="mm" value="141.0">141 mm</quantity>
TD),
<geoCoordinate id="CAC232A26D60FFE18CDAFD16FE923F9C" box="[212,343,726,750]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="19" pageNumber="540" precision="92" value="-37.47167">37° 28.3´S</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="CAC232A26D60FFE18D6BFD16FE3C3F9C" box="[357,505,726,750]" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="19" pageNumber="540" precision="92" value="177.225">177° 13.5´E</geoCoordinate>
, 218–
<quantity id="680EF9806D60FFE18E32FD16FD423F9C" box="[572,647,726,750]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="19" pageNumber="540" unit="m" value="200.0">200 m</quantity>
, NIWA6618; one specimen (
<quantity id="680EF9806D60FFE18FC1FD16FBEB3F9C" box="[975,1070,726,750]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.7" pageId="19" pageNumber="540" unit="mm" value="170.0">170 mm</quantity>
TD),
<geoCoordinate id="CAC232A26D60FFE1887AFD16FB333F9C" box="[1140,1270,726,750]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="19" pageNumber="540" precision="92" value="-37.47167">37° 28.3´S</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="CAC232A26D60FFE1890AFD16FA523F9C" box="[1284,1431,726,750]" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="19" pageNumber="540" precision="92" value="177.205">177° 12.3´E</geoCoordinate>
, 295–
<quantity id="680EF9806D60FFE18CC0FD3AFED23E60" box="[206,279,762,786]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="19" pageNumber="540" unit="m" value="200.0">200 m</quantity>
, NIWA6614; one specimen (
<quantity id="680EF9806D60FFE18E57FD3AFD733E60" box="[601,694,762,786]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.35" pageId="19" pageNumber="540" unit="mm" value="135.0">135 mm</quantity>
TD),
<geoCoordinate id="CAC232A26D60FFE18EF6FD3AFCB23E60" box="[760,887,762,786]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="19" pageNumber="540" precision="92" value="-37.47167">37° 28.3´S</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="CAC232A26D60FFE18F8DFD3AFBD73E60" box="[899,1042,762,786]" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="19" pageNumber="540" precision="92" value="177.215">177° 12.9´E</geoCoordinate>
, 180–
<quantity id="680EF9806D60FFE18859FD3AFB5B3E60" box="[1111,1182,762,786]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.77" pageId="19" pageNumber="540" unit="m" value="177.0">177 m</quantity>
, NIWA6616. Stored in 80% ethanol.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="AF4954656D60FFE18CC9FC83FB133EB4" blockId="19.[151,1437,546,2011]" pageId="19" pageNumber="540">
<emphasis id="9D8288776D60FFE18CC9FC83FEB43E29" box="[199,369,835,859]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="540">Other material</emphasis>
—One specimen (
<quantity id="680EF9806D60FFE18E4CFC82FD663E28" box="[578,675,834,858]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.7" pageId="19" pageNumber="540" unit="mm" value="170.0">170 mm</quantity>
TD), from the West
<collectingCountry id="D7E114F56D60FFE18F95FC82FC313E28" box="[923,1012,834,858]" name="Norfolk Island" pageId="19" pageNumber="540">Norfolk</collectingCountry>
Ridge, northwest
<collectingCountry id="D7E114F56D60FFE188C4FC83FAA33E28" box="[1226,1382,834,858]" name="New Zealand" pageId="19" pageNumber="540">New Zealand</collectingCountry>
,
<geoCoordinate id="CAC232A26D60FFE1897BFC82FF2C3E0C" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="19" pageNumber="540" precision="92" value="-33.766666">33° 46.0' S</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="CAC232A26D60FFE18CF7FCA6FE483E0C" box="[249,397,870,894]" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="19" pageNumber="540" precision="92" value="167.21666">167° 13.0' E</geoCoordinate>
,
<quantity id="680EF9806D60FFE18D93FCA6FE2F3E0C" box="[413,490,870,894]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.13" pageId="19" pageNumber="540" unit="m" value="313.0">313 m</quantity>
, NIWA45138, stored in 80% ethanol; one specimen (
<quantity id="680EF9806D60FFE18851FCA6FB773E0C" box="[1119,1202,870,894]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.1" pageId="19" pageNumber="540" unit="mm" value="91.0">91 mm</quantity>
TD), from north of
<collectingCountry id="D7E114F56D60FFE18C99FC4AFEF83ED0" box="[151,317,906,930]" name="Norfolk Island" pageId="19" pageNumber="540">Norfolk Island</collectingCountry>
,
<geoCoordinate id="CAC232A26D60FFE18D46FC4AFE023ED0" box="[328,455,906,930]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="19" pageNumber="540" precision="92" value="-28.705">28° 42.3´S</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="CAC232A26D60FFE18DDDFC4AFDA63ED0" box="[467,611,906,930]" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="19" pageNumber="540" precision="92" value="167.945">167° 56.7´E</geoCoordinate>
,
<quantity id="680EF9806D60FFE18E63FC4AFD703ED0" box="[621,693,906,930]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.75" pageId="19" pageNumber="540" unit="m" value="475.0">475 m</quantity>
, NIWA29453, stored dry; two specimens (
<quantity id="680EF9806D60FFE18881FC4AFAE63ED0" box="[1167,1315,906,930]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.4015" pageId="19" pageNumber="540" unit="mm" value="140150.0">140, 150 mm</quantity>
TD), from the east coast of northern North Island,
<geoCoordinate id="CAC232A26D60FFE18E5CFC6EFD163EB4" box="[594,723,942,966]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="19" pageNumber="540" precision="92" value="-35.42">35° 25.2´S</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="CAC232A26D60FFE18ED1FC6EFCA73EB4" box="[735,866,942,966]" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="19" pageNumber="540" precision="92" value="175.00667">175° 0.4´E</geoCoordinate>
,
<quantity id="680EF9806D60FFE18F60FC6EFC723EB4" box="[878,951,942,966]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.7" pageId="19" pageNumber="540" unit="m" value="270.0">270 m</quantity>
, NIWA23718, stored dry.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="E7EC07EE6D60FFE18CC9FC13FCAC397C" pageId="19" pageNumber="540" type="etymology">
<paragraph id="AF4954656D60FFE18CC9FC13FCAC397C" blockId="19.[151,1437,546,2011]" pageId="19" pageNumber="540">
<emphasis id="9D8288776D60FFE18CC9FC13FEFA3E99" box="[199,319,979,1003]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="540">Etymology</emphasis>
—Named
<taxonomicName id="68F62FE66D60FFE18DBBFC14FE2E3E99" box="[437,491,980,1003]" class="Echinoidea" family="Echinothuriidae" genus="Araeosoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Echinothurioida" pageId="19" pageNumber="540" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="tertii">
<emphasis id="9D8288776D60FFE18DBBFC14FE2E3E99" box="[437,491,980,1003]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="540">tertii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, the Latin translation of the Māori word Tuatoru (meaning “third”) after the
<typeStatus id="704DEAC76D60FFE18962FC13FA593E99" box="[1388,1436,979,1003]" pageId="19" pageNumber="540">type</typeStatus>
locality Tuatoru Knoll. Used as an adjective in the genitive case.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="E7EC07EE6D60FFE18CC9FBDCFAD839EC" pageId="19" pageNumber="540" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="AF4954656D60FFE18CC9FBDCFAD839EC" blockId="19.[151,1437,546,2011]" pageId="19" pageNumber="540">
<emphasis id="9D8288776D60FFE18CC9FBDCFEFC3941" box="[199,313,1052,1075]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="540">Diagnosis</emphasis>
—Adults large, up to
<quantity id="680EF9806D60FFE18E4EFBDAFD663940" box="[576,675,1050,1074]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.7" pageId="19" pageNumber="540" unit="mm" value="170.0">170 mm</quantity>
TD; test and appendages deep red; few large primary tubercles aborally; prominent membranous spaces between interambulacral plates; primary tubercles on every plate in the oral adradial interambulacral series; large tridentate pedicellariae with broad, coarsely serrated valves; small tridentate pedicellariae narrow but broadening gradually towards tip; dactylous pedicellariae not found.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="E7EC07EE6D60FFE78CC9FB6CFAFD3A33" lastPageId="21" lastPageNumber="542" pageId="19" pageNumber="540" type="description">
<paragraph id="AF4954656D60FFE18CC9FB6CFB6C3820" blockId="19.[151,1437,546,2011]" pageId="19" pageNumber="540">
<emphasis id="9D8288776D60FFE18CC9FB6CFE8E39B1" box="[199,331,1196,1219]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="540">Description</emphasis>
—Test of
<typeStatus id="704DEAC76D60FFE18DB2FB6AFDDB39B0" box="[444,542,1194,1218]" pageId="19" pageNumber="540" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
(
<figureCitation id="37CD48E06D60FFE18E20FB6AFD5839B0" box="[558,669,1194,1218]" captionStart="FIGURE 16" captionStartId="20.[151,250,925,948]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,195,907]" captionTargetId="figure@20.[151,1436,195,909]" captionTargetPageId="20" captionText="FIGURE 16. Araeosoma tertii sp. nov., holotype, NIWA 6615 (165 mm TD). Left, aboral view; right, oral view." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/219328/files/figure.png" pageId="19" pageNumber="540">Figure 16</figureCitation>
) large (test diameter
<quantity id="680EF9806D60FFE18F81FB6AFC3439B0" box="[911,1009,1194,1218]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.65" pageId="19" pageNumber="540" unit="mm" value="165.0">165 mm</quantity>
), circular, flattened, ambitus rounded. Colour of test a deep, dark red, owing to the pigment in the skin and plates; pale pink membranous connective tissue between the plates. The white hoofs and sucking discs of the oral tube-feet contrast strongly with the red, producing a striking appearance. Primary tubercles perforate and non-crenulate. Ratio of interambulacrum to ambulacrum width at the ambitus, 5:3.
<typeStatus id="704DEAC76D60FFE18E43FAFBFD7F3821" box="[589,698,1339,1363]" pageId="19" pageNumber="540" type="paratype">Paratypes</typeStatus>
similar size to
<typeStatus id="704DEAC76D60FFE18F6BFAFAFC023820" box="[869,967,1338,1362]" pageId="19" pageNumber="540" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
(
<quantity id="680EF9806D60FFE18FD8FAFAFBA93820" box="[982,1132,1338,1362]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5699999999999998" metricValueMax="1.7399999999999998" metricValueMin="1.4" pageId="19" pageNumber="540" unit="mm" value="157.0" valueMax="174.0" valueMin="140.0">140–174 mm</quantity>
TD).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="AF4954656D60FFE18CC9FA9EFE693B3C" blockId="19.[151,1437,546,2011]" pageId="19" pageNumber="540">Interambulacral columns have 45–46 plates; 19 on the oral side and 26–27 aborally. Ambulacral columns have 67–68 plates; 29–30 on the oral side and 38 aborally. As usual in this genus exact plate boundaries obscured by thick membranous connective tissue. This tissue tends to exaggerate gaps between adjacent interambulacral plates, especially aborally, but such gaps clearly evident on both surfaces (dried specimens not available to accurately examine this feature). This membranous tissue also produces broad naked areas between columns of plates, especially interradially. Areoles of primary spines large, those in adjacent plates within the same series mostly touching or overlapping.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="AF4954656D60FFE18CC9F99AFB423AA9" blockId="19.[151,1437,546,2011]" pageId="19" pageNumber="540">
Aboral test plating (
<figureCitation id="37CD48E06D60FFE18DA7F99AFDDE3B00" box="[425,539,1626,1650]" captionStart="FIGURE 17" captionStartId="20.[151,250,1866,1889]" captionTargetBox="[505,1111,1010,1845]" captionTargetId="figure@20.[475,1119,998,1851]" captionTargetPageId="20" captionText="FIGURE 17. Araeosoma tertii sp. nov., holotype, NIWA 6615. Details of coronal plates. Top, aboral; bottom, oral; left, ambulacra; right, interambulacra." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/219329/files/figure.png" pageId="19" pageNumber="540">Figure 17</figureCitation>
): On the outermost 1–4 interambulacral plates only, there is a primary tubercle on the adradial margin, often skipping a plate—a continuation of the oral series in this position. In addition, a much smaller primary tubercle is found on most plates—in no repeated regular pattern but mostly on the adradial half of the plates—from the ambitus to the apical system. These plates otherwise scattered with a few secondary and miliary tubercles, and granules bearing pedicellariae. In the ambulacra, primary tubercles form an irregular series close to the perradial end, occurring on every second or third plate throughout the column. No other large tubercles elsewhere on these plates, but a few secondary and miliary spines, and granules, scattered about. Tube-feet of primary plates located at adapical, adambulacral corner adapically, but noticeably further away from adambulacral plate margin in outer third of aboral surface. Tube-feet of accessory plates lie adjacent in an adoral position near plate centres. Aboral plates short and wide compared with oral plates, in accordance with their greater number; interambulacral plates not much angled to each other, except those near the apical system.
</paragraph>
<caption id="FB8904ED6D67FFE68C99FC5DFAC23EC6" box="[151,1287,925,948]" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/219328/files/figure.png" pageId="20" pageNumber="541" targetBox="[151,1435,195,907]" targetPageId="20">
<paragraph id="AF4954656D67FFE68C99FC5DFAC23EC6" blockId="20.[151,1287,925,948]" box="[151,1287,925,948]" pageId="20" pageNumber="541">
<emphasis id="9D8288776D67FFE68C99FC5DFEDA3EC1" bold="true" box="[151,287,925,948]" pageId="20" pageNumber="541">FIGURE 16.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="68F62FE66D67FFE68D2BFC5FFE143EC6" box="[293,465,927,948]" class="Echinoidea" family="Echinothuriidae" genus="Araeosoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Echinothurioida" pageId="20" pageNumber="541" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="tertii" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="9D8288776D67FFE68D2BFC5FFE143EC6" box="[293,465,927,948]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="541">Araeosoma tertii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="86B1350C6D67FFE68DD9FC5FFDED3EC6" box="[471,552,927,948]" pageId="20" pageNumber="541" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
, holotype, NIWA6615 (165 mm TD). Left, aboral view; right, oral view.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="FB8904ED6D67FFE68C99F88AFE2C3A0D" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/219329/files/figure.png" pageId="20" pageNumber="541" targetBox="[505,1111,1010,1845]" targetPageId="20">
<paragraph id="AF4954656D67FFE68C99F88AFE2C3A0D" blockId="20.[151,1436,1866,1919]" pageId="20" pageNumber="541">
<emphasis id="9D8288776D67FFE68C99F88AFEE13A12" bold="true" box="[151,292,1866,1889]" pageId="20" pageNumber="541">FIGURE 17.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="68F62FE66D67FFE68D21F88BFE253A12" box="[303,480,1867,1888]" class="Echinoidea" family="Echinothuriidae" genus="Araeosoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Echinothurioida" pageId="20" pageNumber="541" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="tertii" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="9D8288776D67FFE68D21F88BFE253A12" box="[303,480,1867,1888]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="541">Araeosoma tertii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="86B1350C6D67FFE68DE4F88BFD853A12" box="[490,576,1867,1888]" pageId="20" pageNumber="541" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
, holotype, NIWA6615. Details of coronal plates. Top, aboral; bottom, oral; left, ambulacra; right, interambulacra.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="AF4954656D67FFE78CC9F869FB8D3C16" blockId="20.[151,1436,1961,2021]" lastBlockId="21.[151,1437,151,2025]" lastPageId="21" lastPageNumber="542" pageId="20" pageNumber="541">
Apical system monocyclic, about
<quantity id="680EF9806D67FFE68E48F869FD533AB3" box="[582,662,1961,1985]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.3" pageId="20" pageNumber="541" unit="mm" value="23.0">23 mm</quantity>
across; plate boundaries obscured by thick covering of skin. Genital pores small, opening in membranous space within the disaggregated genital plates. Genital plates not extending much into interradii, requiring only the adapical-most interambulacral plates to be angled around them. Ocular plates with 2–3 small tubercles; ocular pore located at outer edge of plate. Madreporite distinct, slightly raised, quite circular (about
<quantity id="680EF9806D66FFE78D84FF1FFE213D85" box="[394,484,223,247]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.5" pageId="21" pageNumber="542" unit="mm" value="7.5">7.5 mm</quantity>
in diameter) and split clearly into 2 large and 3–4 very small sections. Anal tube prominent—much expanded distally to form a broad cone shape. Remainder of apical system covered with numerous small plates, each with 1–4 small tubercles of varying size—this more obvious in the dried specimen, in which it can also be seen that these plates form a rough ring around the central anus.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="AF4954656D66FFE78CC9FEAFFB393E66" blockId="21.[151,1437,151,2025]" pageId="21" pageNumber="542">
Oral test plating (
<figureCitation id="37CD48E06D66FFE78DA7FEAFFDE13CF5" box="[425,548,367,391]" captionStart="FIGURE 17" captionStartId="20.[151,250,1866,1889]" captionTargetBox="[505,1111,1010,1845]" captionTargetId="figure@20.[475,1119,998,1851]" captionTargetPageId="20" captionText="FIGURE 17. Araeosoma tertii sp. nov., holotype, NIWA 6615. Details of coronal plates. Top, aboral; bottom, oral; left, ambulacra; right, interambulacra." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/219329/files/figure.png" pageId="21" pageNumber="542">Figure 17</figureCitation>
): A regular series of adradial primary tubercles on every plate in the interambulacra—the usual arrangement for
<taxonomicName id="68F62FE66D66FFE78E92FE54FCD93CDE" box="[668,796,404,428]" class="Echinoidea" family="Echinothuriidae" genus="Araeosoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Echinothurioida" pageId="21" pageNumber="542" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="9D8288776D66FFE78E92FE54FCD93CDE" box="[668,796,404,428]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="542">Araeosoma</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
—increasing only gradually in size outward from the peristome and not continuing past the ambitus. An inner series of similar sized tubercles occurs on adjacent or every second plate, located near the perradius adambitally, but becoming mid-plate adorally. In other specimens, e.g., NIWA45138, this series differs in that the tubercles occur on more of the plates, sometimes nearly all. An additional primary tubercle lies adjacent to the perradial margin on one or two plates in each column (more frequently in a few other specimens, e.g., on every second or third plate in NIWA6600) and also on one or two plates adjacent to the primary adradial series. Several smaller secondary and miliary spines also scattered over the plates. A series of primary tubercles in the ambulacra, quite regularly on every second or third plate, lies near the perradius. A series of secondary tubercles discernable near outer end of plates, within the pore zone, on adjacent plates or every second plate. As on the aboral surface, outer tube-feet adjacent to plate edge on central plates but distinctly further away adambitally. Small spines cover remainder of plates, as elsewhere on the test.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="AF4954656D66FFE78CC9FCDFFD2F3ED6" blockId="21.[151,1437,151,2025]" pageId="21" pageNumber="542">
Peristome about
<quantity id="680EF9806D66FFE78D9FFCDFFE233E45" box="[401,486,799,823]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.8" pageId="21" pageNumber="542" unit="mm" value="38.0">38 mm</quantity>
in diameter and bearing only ambulacral plates, each with a central tube-foot surrounded by a row of 2–6 large tubercles and several small tubercles which span the width of the plate. Two overlapping columns of 14–15 slightly angled plates in each zone, several of which are paired in the distal part. Buccal notches distinct; gills moderate size, palmate.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="AF4954656D66FFE78CC9FC6FFCD239E9" blockId="21.[151,1437,151,2025]" pageId="21" pageNumber="542">
Spines cylindrical, hollow, milled ring distinct but not prominent, usually slightly oblique. Primary spines smooth, the largest with about 40 fine, longitudinal striations. These striations simple club-shaped wedges in crosssection in the aboral spines examined, but wedges with lateral extensions in the oral spines. Oral spine wall with a relatively thick layer of meshwork; aboral spine wall thin, enclosing a single row of perforations (
<figureCitation id="37CD48E06D66FFE7891AFBD9FAB23943" box="[1300,1399,1049,1073]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="5.[151,250,912,935]" captionTargetBox="[505,1085,207,846]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[476,1119,187,888]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 3. Primary spine sections (left, oral; right, aboral). A, Araeosoma migratum (NIWA 45089); B, A. bakeri (NIWA 6564); C, Hapalosoma amynina (NIWA 6621); D, A. tertii (NIWA 29453); E, A. alternatum (NIWA 53579); F, A. anatirostrum (NIWA 29442); G, A. thetidis (NIWA 29419); H, A. bidentatum (NIWA 23720); I, A. leppienae (NIWA 23724)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/219315/files/figure.png" pageId="21" pageNumber="542">Figure 3</figureCitation>
D). Colour of all spines a uniform red, the colour being in the skin and readily bleached out. Oral spines curved, the longest about
<quantity id="680EF9806D66FFE78D32FB9FFE4A390A" box="[316,399,1119,1144]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.8" pageId="21" pageNumber="542" unit="mm" value="28.0">28 mm</quantity>
with a diameter of about 1.0 mm. Hoofs white, moderately long (up to about
<quantity id="680EF9806D66FFE7893CFB9FFA553905" box="[1330,1424,1119,1143]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.5" pageId="21" pageNumber="542" unit="mm" value="2.5">2.5 mm</quantity>
), slightly flared, and slightly flattened distally (
<figureCitation id="37CD48E06D66FFE78E98FB43FD3339E9" box="[662,758,1155,1179]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1672,1695]" captionTargetBox="[508,1073,1074,1614]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[474,1117,1040,1656]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 4. Oral spine hoofs. A, Araeosoma thetidis (NIWA 6595); B, Hapalosoma amynina (NIWA 6621); C, A. alternatum (NIWA 53579); D, A. migratum (NIWA 45089); E, A. tertii (NIWA 29453); F, A. bakeri (NIWA 6564); G, A. anatirostrum (NIWA 29442); H, A. bidentatum (NIWA 23720)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/219316/files/figure.png" pageId="21" pageNumber="542">Figure 4</figureCitation>
E).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="AF4954656D66FFE78CC9FB66FD6E38A5" blockId="21.[151,1437,151,2025]" pageId="21" pageNumber="542">
Pedicellariae of two
<typeStatus id="704DEAC76D66FFE78DB6FB67FE3639CD" box="[440,499,1191,1215]" pageId="21" pageNumber="542">types</typeStatus>
(
<figureCitation id="37CD48E06D66FFE78E0BFB66FDBF39CC" box="[517,634,1190,1214]" captionStart="FIGURE 18" captionStartId="22.[151,250,1945,1968]" captionTargetBox="[370,1226,783,1921]" captionTargetId="figure@22.[370,1227,783,1921]" captionTargetPageId="22" captionText="FIGURE 18. Araeosoma tertii sp. nov., holotype, NIWA 6615. SEM images of pedicellariae. A – E, large tridentate pedicellariae (A, C, E, valves; B &amp; D, heads); F – I, valves of triphyllous pedicellariae; J – M, small tridentate pedicellariae (J, L, M, valves; K, head)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/219330/files/figure.png" pageId="21" pageNumber="542">Figure 18</figureCitation>
): tridentate (a rich variety of large and small) and triphyllous. Large tridentates (
<quantity id="680EF9806D66FFE78D15FB09FE603993" box="[283,421,1225,1249]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.7999999999999998" metricValueMax="2.4" metricValueMin="1.2" pageId="21" pageNumber="542" unit="mm" value="1.7999999999999998" valueMax="2.4" valueMin="1.2">1.2–2.4 mm</quantity>
) usually quite common, ranging from short, wide involute forms with wide gaps between blades in the closed head to longer, rostrate forms of variable width and with only narrow gaps between blades, and intermediate forms. Blades coarsely serrated, some only at the tip and others over the entire outer part, and usually partly filled with strengthening meshwork. Small tridentates with narrow, un-serrated and finely pointed valves, outer side of blade with a distinct longitudinal ridge. Triphyllous pedicellariae the typical echinothurioid form, about
<quantity id="680EF9806D66FFE78CD0FAB9FEF338E3" box="[222,310,1401,1425]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.0" pageId="21" pageNumber="542" unit="mm" value="0.7">0.7 mm</quantity>
long on a long neck and stalk. Extent to which basal part of the valve completely enclosed highly variable. One or two smaller specimens (about
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) with a short blade also found, but these may be semi- or mal-formed. Dactylous pedicellariae not found.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="AF4954656D66FFE78CC9FA23FB753B6D" blockId="21.[151,1437,151,2025]" pageId="21" pageNumber="542">
Sphaeridia elongate spherical (about
<quantity id="680EF9806D66FFE78E6BFA23FD7E3889" box="[613,699,1507,1531]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="21" pageNumber="542" unit="mm" value="0.5">0.5 mm</quantity>
long by
<quantity id="680EF9806D66FFE78F12FA23FC663889" box="[796,931,1507,1531]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.5" metricValueMax="3.0" metricValueMin="2.0" pageId="21" pageNumber="542" unit="mm" value="0.25" valueMax="0.3" valueMin="0.2">0.2–0.3 mm</quantity>
wide), located adjacent to the inner tube foot in each ambulacral plate, slightly perradial and adoral to it. None found on the aboral surface.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="AF4954656D66FFE78CC9F9ECFAB93B31" blockId="21.[151,1437,151,2025]" box="[199,1404,1579,1603]" pageId="21" pageNumber="542">
<emphasis id="9D8288776D66FFE78CC9F9ECFEF93B31" box="[199,316,1580,1603]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="542">Size range</emphasis>
—Median test diameter of the
<specimenCount id="B9F09FEC6D66FFE78E9DF9EBFCD83B31" box="[659,797,1579,1603]" pageId="21" pageNumber="542" type="generic">9 specimens</specimenCount>
measured
<quantity id="680EF9806D66FFE78F98F9EBFC303B31" box="[918,1013,1579,1603]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.46" pageId="21" pageNumber="542" unit="mm" value="146.0">146 mm</quantity>
, the largest specimen
<quantity id="680EF9806D66FFE788E2F9EBFA8C3B31" box="[1260,1353,1579,1603]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.7" pageId="21" pageNumber="542" unit="mm" value="170.0">170 mm</quantity>
TD.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="AF4954656D66FFE78CC9F990FC783A69" blockId="21.[151,1437,151,2025]" pageId="21" pageNumber="542">
<emphasis id="9D8288776D66FFE78CC9F990FE8F3B15" box="[199,330,1616,1639]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="542">Occurrence</emphasis>
—There are just eight records of
<taxonomicName id="68F62FE66D66FFE78EC2F98FFCE63B15" box="[716,803,1615,1639]" class="Echinoidea" family="Echinothuriidae" genus="Araeosoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Echinothurioida" pageId="21" pageNumber="542" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="tertii">
<emphasis id="9D8288776D66FFE78EC2F98FFCE63B15" box="[716,803,1615,1639]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="542">A. tertii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(representing nine individuals), all from northern
<collectingCountry id="D7E114F56D66FFE78969F990FF343BF9" name="New Zealand" pageId="21" pageNumber="542">New Zealand</collectingCountry>
(mainly the Bay of Plenty) and
<collectingCountry id="D7E114F56D66FFE78E6EF9B3FCC33BF9" box="[608,774,1651,1675]" name="Norfolk Island" pageId="21" pageNumber="542">Norfolk Island</collectingCountry>
(
<figureCitation id="37CD48E06D66FFE78F1BF9B3FC423BF9" box="[789,903,1651,1675]" captionStart="FIGURE 19" captionStartId="23.[151,250,1407,1430]" captionTargetBox="[290,1303,188,1376]" captionTargetId="figure@23.[268,1320,176,1403]" captionTargetPageId="23" captionText="FIGURE 19. Araeosoma tertii sp. nov. Distribution of confirmed records within the New Zealand region, from material examined. Number of records = 8. The dashed line is the 1000 m depth contour." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/219331/files/figure.png" pageId="21" pageNumber="542">Figure 19</figureCitation>
). The species is strongly associated with rocky substrates, with five of the records from seamounts surveyed on a single research voyage by RV
<taxonomicName id="68F62FE66D66FFE78924F958FA503BDD" box="[1322,1429,1688,1711]" class="Arachnida" family="Uloboridae" genus="Tangaroa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="21" pageNumber="542" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="9D8288776D66FFE78924F958FA503BDD" box="[1322,1429,1688,1711]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="542">Tangaroa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. Whether
<taxonomicName id="68F62FE66D66FFE78D0CF97BFE9E3BA1" box="[258,347,1723,1747]" class="Echinoidea" family="Echinothuriidae" genus="Araeosoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Echinothurioida" pageId="21" pageNumber="542" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="tertii">
<emphasis id="9D8288776D66FFE78D0CF97BFE9E3BA1" box="[258,347,1723,1747]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="542">A. tertii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is restricted to this region or whether the known records define the southern part of a more tropical distribution can only be answered by further sampling north of
<collectingCountry id="D7E114F56D66FFE78FC9F920FB9B3B85" box="[967,1118,1759,1783]" name="New Zealand" pageId="21" pageNumber="542">New Zealand</collectingCountry>
in appropriate depths along the major ridge features and among the islands of the southwest Pacific.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="AF4954656D66FFE78CC9F8E7FAFD3A33" blockId="21.[151,1437,151,2025]" box="[199,1336,1831,1857]" pageId="21" pageNumber="542">
The conservative depth range for the species is
<quantity id="680EF9806D66FFE78EFDF8E7FCBE3A33" box="[755,891,1831,1857]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.2" metricValueMax="2.6" metricValueMin="1.8" pageId="21" pageNumber="542" unit="m" value="220.0" valueMax="260.0" valueMin="180.0">180–260 m</quantity>
, with a potential range of
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175–
<specimenCount id="B9F09FEC6D66FFE788E8F8E7FAF13A33" box="[1254,1332,1831,1857]" pageId="21" pageNumber="542" type="generic">475 m</specimenCount>
</quantity>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="E7EC07EE6D66FFE48CC9F88DFB433FA8" lastPageId="22" lastPageNumber="543" pageId="21" pageNumber="542" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="AF4954656D66FFE48CC9F88DFEC93CEB" blockId="21.[151,1437,151,2025]" lastBlockId="22.[151,1436,151,730]" lastPageId="22" lastPageNumber="543" pageId="21" pageNumber="542">
<emphasis id="9D8288776D66FFE78CC9F88DFEEC3A17" box="[199,297,1869,1893]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="542">Remarks</emphasis>
—There are several other red echinothuriinids which are superficially quite similar to
<taxonomicName id="68F62FE66D66FFE7890FF88DFA923A17" box="[1281,1367,1869,1893]" class="Echinoidea" family="Echinothuriidae" genus="Araeosoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Echinothurioida" pageId="21" pageNumber="542" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="tertii">
<emphasis id="9D8288776D66FFE7890FF88DFA923A17" box="[1281,1367,1869,1893]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="542">A. tertii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. The species most similar is perhaps
<taxonomicName id="68F62FE66D66FFE78E07F8AEFD5C3AF4" box="[521,665,1902,1926]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Berycidae" genus="Beryx" kingdom="Animalia" order="Beryciformes" pageId="21" pageNumber="542" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="splendens">
<emphasis id="9D8288776D66FFE78E07F8AEFD5C3AF4" box="[521,665,1902,1926]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="542">A. splendens</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, an Indonesian species known from a single specimen taken from depth of
<specimenCount id="B9F09FEC6D66FFE78CF5F84FFE8C3AD5" box="[251,329,1935,1959]" pageId="21" pageNumber="542" type="generic">
<quantity id="680EF9806D66FFE78CF5F84FFE803AD5" box="[251,325,1935,1959]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" pageId="21" pageNumber="542" unit="m" value="300.0">300 m</quantity>
.
</specimenCount>
This similarity is most apparent in the colour of the test and spines and in the general forms of the pedicellariae present. The two species otherwise differ in aspects of the test plating and tuberculation, and in the finer details of the pedicellariae. Although the tridentate pedicellariae are broadly similar between the two species the distinct longitudinal keels on the blades in
<taxonomicName id="68F62FE66D65FFE48EABFF58FCF13DC2" box="[677,820,152,176]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Berycidae" genus="Beryx" kingdom="Animalia" order="Beryciformes" pageId="22" pageNumber="543" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="splendens">
<emphasis id="9D8288776D65FFE48EABFF58FCF13DC2" box="[677,820,152,176]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="543">A. splendens</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
are not present in
<taxonomicName id="68F62FE66D65FFE48808FF58FB993DC2" box="[1030,1116,152,176]" class="Echinoidea" family="Echinothuriidae" genus="Araeosoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Echinothurioida" pageId="22" pageNumber="543" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="tertii">
<emphasis id="9D8288776D65FFE48808FF58FB993DC2" box="[1030,1116,152,176]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="543">A. tertii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. Also, in
<taxonomicName id="68F62FE66D65FFE488C2FF58FAE73DC2" box="[1228,1314,152,176]" class="Echinoidea" family="Echinothuriidae" genus="Araeosoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Echinothurioida" pageId="22" pageNumber="543" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="tertii">
<emphasis id="9D8288776D65FFE488C2FF58FAE73DC2" box="[1228,1314,152,176]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="543">A. tertii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, the larger tridentate pedicellariae have a more expanded blade and the smaller tridentate pedicellariae usually have a distinct waist—the blade gradually broadening towards the tip rather than being straight sided. The ambulacral tuberculation is fairly similar in the two species, with irregular series on both surfaces, but in
<taxonomicName id="68F62FE66D65FFE488B2FF3CFAD73C66" box="[1212,1298,252,276]" class="Echinoidea" family="Echinothuriidae" genus="Araeosoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Echinothurioida" pageId="22" pageNumber="543" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="tertii">
<emphasis id="9D8288776D65FFE488B2FF3CFAD73C66" box="[1212,1298,252,276]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="543">A. tertii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
these series continue further towards the apical system. Further differences are seen in the adradial series in the aboral interambulacra, which is not restricted to the distal part in
<taxonomicName id="68F62FE66D65FFE48F26FEFEFCB83C24" box="[808,893,318,342]" class="Echinoidea" family="Echinothuriidae" genus="Araeosoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Echinothurioida" pageId="22" pageNumber="543" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="tertii">
<emphasis id="9D8288776D65FFE48F26FEFEFCB83C24" box="[808,893,318,342]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="543">A. tertii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
as it is in
<taxonomicName id="68F62FE66D65FFE48FFFFEFEFBBA3C24" box="[1009,1151,318,342]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Berycidae" genus="Beryx" kingdom="Animalia" order="Beryciformes" pageId="22" pageNumber="543" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="splendens">
<emphasis id="9D8288776D65FFE48FFFFEFEFBBA3C24" box="[1009,1151,318,342]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="543">A. splendens</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, and in the much smaller contrast in the number of ambulacral and interambulacral plates between the oral and aboral surfaces in
<taxonomicName id="68F62FE66D65FFE4898AFEA0FEC03CEB" class="Actinopterygii" family="Berycidae" genus="Beryx" kingdom="Animalia" order="Beryciformes" pageId="22" pageNumber="543" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="splendens">
<emphasis id="9D8288776D65FFE4898AFEA0FEC03CEB" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="543">A. splendens</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="AF4954656D65FFE48CC9FE62FE203F54" blockId="22.[151,1436,151,730]" pageId="22" pageNumber="543">
The pedicellariae of
<taxonomicName id="68F62FE66D65FFE48DA2FE63FDC53CC9" box="[428,512,419,443]" class="Echinoidea" family="Echinothuriidae" genus="Araeosoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Echinothurioida" pageId="22" pageNumber="543" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="tertii">
<emphasis id="9D8288776D65FFE48DA2FE63FDC53CC9" box="[428,512,419,443]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="543">A. tertii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, particularly the involute tridentate forms, are also quite similar to those of another Indonesian species,
<taxonomicName id="68F62FE66D65FFE48D78FE06FDD63CAC" box="[374,531,454,478]" class="Echinoidea" family="Echinothuriidae" genus="Araeosoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Echinothurioida" pageId="22" pageNumber="543" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="tessellatum">
<emphasis id="9D8288776D65FFE48D78FE06FDD63CAC" box="[374,531,454,478]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="543">A. tessellatum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. In that species too there is a great variation in size and shape in the pedicellariae (as figured by Mortensen 1935, Plate LXXXI). Details of the test plating and colouration are otherwise quite different in these two species.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="AF4954656D65FFE48CC9FDF3FB433FA8" blockId="22.[151,1436,151,730]" pageId="22" pageNumber="543">
In colouration
<taxonomicName id="68F62FE66D65FFE48D65FDF3FE053F39" box="[363,448,563,587]" class="Echinoidea" family="Echinothuriidae" genus="Araeosoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Echinothurioida" pageId="22" pageNumber="543" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="tertii">
<emphasis id="9D8288776D65FFE48D65FDF3FE053F39" box="[363,448,563,587]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="543">A. tertii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is also similar to
<taxonomicName id="68F62FE66D65FFE48E8AFDF3FCB23F39" box="[644,887,563,587]" class="Echinoidea" family="Echinothuriidae" genus="Calveriosoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Echinothurioida" pageId="22" pageNumber="543" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="gracile">
<emphasis id="9D8288776D65FFE48E8AFDF3FCB23F39" box="[644,887,563,587]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="543">Calveriosoma gracile</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, but the pattern of tuberculation in that species is much more regular, particularly orally, and its distinctive involute tridentate pedicellariae have a much finer blade tip than any of those found on
<taxonomicName id="68F62FE66D65FFE48E02FDBBFDA33FE1" box="[524,614,635,659]" class="Echinoidea" family="Echinothuriidae" genus="Araeosoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Echinothurioida" pageId="22" pageNumber="543" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="tertii">
<emphasis id="9D8288776D65FFE48E02FDBBFDA33FE1" box="[524,614,635,659]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="543">A. tertii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. There is also a striking similarity between
<taxonomicName id="68F62FE66D65FFE4887AFDBBFB083FE1" box="[1140,1229,635,659]" class="Echinoidea" family="Echinothuriidae" genus="Araeosoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Echinothurioida" pageId="22" pageNumber="543" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="tertii">
<emphasis id="9D8288776D65FFE4887AFDBBFB083FE1" box="[1140,1229,635,659]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="543">A. tertii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="68F62FE66D65FFE48903FDBBFF3D3FC4" class="Echinoidea" family="Echinothuriidae" genus="Hapalosoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Echinothurioida" pageId="22" pageNumber="543" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="amynina" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="9D8288776D65FFE48903FDBBFF3D3FC4" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="543">Hapalosoma amynina</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="86B1350C6D65FFE48D0CFD5FFE9B3FC4" box="[258,350,671,694]" pageId="22" pageNumber="543" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
, but this is limited mainly to colour and to macroscopic features of the oral surface, and the species are readily separated by examining the tuberculation of the aboral interambulacra.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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