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<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.939.50612" ID-GBIF-Dataset="ce2a2763-3c4d-4be7-b56d-7a8c7e27608b" ID-PMC="PMC7297811" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1313-2970-939-87" ID-Pensoft-UUID="DB6D50A55057576896F6AFDAE5BC9922" ID-PubMed="32577083" ID-ZooBank="B239701148884712880E1069C943AD33" ModsDocID="1313-2970-939-87" checkinTime="1591794867056" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Gosik, Rafal, Skuhrovec, Jiri, Caldara, Roberto &amp; Tosevski, Ivo" docDate="2020" docId="12F52FCBDC6B522B8D5A41CBCF080F6E" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 939: 87-165" docOrigin="ZooKeys 939" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.939.50612" docTitle="Mecinus collaris Germar 1821" docType="treatment" docVersion="5" id="DB6D50A55057576896F6AFDAE5BC9922" lastPageNumber="87" masterDocId="DB6D50A55057576896F6AFDAE5BC9922" masterDocTitle="Immature stages of Palearctic Mecinus species (Coleoptera, Curculionidae, Curculioninae): morphological characters diagnostic at genus and species levels" masterLastPageNumber="165" masterPageNumber="87" pageNumber="87" updateTime="1732487594982" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
<mods:mods id="3C10A014533ED9919BCBDEAC6B8E32BF" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
<mods:titleInfo id="29904230460F45543F1BC00896246C8F">
<mods:title id="C1990D1187B8AF2B1A046AD14D6EA4B9">Immature stages of Palearctic Mecinus species (Coleoptera, Curculionidae, Curculioninae): morphological characters diagnostic at genus and species levels</mods:title>
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<mods:name id="EBD8A645DC3C2CBEC272E99D3BDB921C" type="personal">
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</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="DCFDDB4F23F47FB7612D3F89193FEDEF">Gosik, Rafal</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="0C17767932340F09DAF3A2E3A59053C5">Department of Zoology and Nature Protection, Maria Curie-Sklodowska University, Akademicka 19, 20 - 033 Lublin, Poland</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:roleTerm id="846A8D82F297761A20C41D13B2C4CA2F">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="BD10F3D72A314F68B575705511A4BE0F">Skuhrovec, Jiri</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="A9E93F98B99E6B0B9729344585AA2AF9">Group Function of Invertebrate and Plant Biodiversity in Agro-Ecosystems, Crop Research Institute, Prague 6 - Ruzyne, Czech Republic</mods:affiliation>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="483B2AE24D0D4CB40BF6EE08A1031D49" type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7691-5990</mods:nameIdentifier>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="ADB52E67F4C252FB7D0EBDED4441B5A8" type="email">jirislavskuhrovec@gmail.com</mods:nameIdentifier>
</mods:name>
<mods:name id="86FA7DBD06D19E0A96D4739E47D343C0" type="personal">
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<mods:namePart id="F65F024052EF5184BE7BB88A08C94BE5">Caldara, Roberto</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="763669127E1D5BA7BFDB14094D4076E8">Center of Alpine Entomology, University of Milan, Via Celoria 2, 20133 Milan, Italy</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:name id="AE6A5F1AE6AC5F3C2AC67A46E9579171" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="EFEFB1C8DE96E55FD11B2ED405FFAB68">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="DFE6DE780D695CBBA8FA5543D47885BC">Tosevski, Ivo</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="2E2D11407E03D352267E4E4942B3B07B">CABI, Rue des Grillons 1, 2800 Delemont, Switzerland &amp; Institute for Plant Protection and Environment, Banatska 33, 11080, Zemun, Serbia</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:typeOfResource id="ACA59C5DCF1019B4DD559F8A63B8B338">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title id="95EBDAFF60B5C47E6AC936DEB90645A9">ZooKeys</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="C684F101DDCDE5984056F7C481471E1C">
<mods:date id="40CCE97EE9DE4CEF2FF347C4CF7577AE">2020</mods:date>
<mods:detail id="D5476C7CF41DD464E08F9A92D4A39C11" type="volume">
<mods:number id="01A5CB3FC2E23A97BDE3A6EF5F225F75">939</mods:number>
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<mods:start id="1C10919A8608162ECF63C982A1A9D6AD">87</mods:start>
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<mods:url id="CFECB599C91F87A88418147E060D97AF">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.939.50612</mods:url>
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<mods:classification id="BFCB56115B01FEC5CC5A3F32EAFBFD9C">journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier id="FBB1543ED21049C2352E0DE8A05CFE9F" type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.939.50612</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="4EEB6775362DED43812F34748A3E35A3" type="Pensoft-Pub">1313-2970-939-87</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="CF775991E2A0B27E12E13740131BA46A" type="ZooBank">B239701148884712880E1069C943AD33</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="12F52FCBDC6B522B8D5A41CBCF080F6E" ID-GBIF-Taxon="164500628" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:12F52FCBDC6B522B8D5A41CBCF080F6E" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/12F52FCBDC6B522B8D5A41CBCF080F6E" lastPageNumber="87" pageId="0" pageNumber="87" scope_family="Curculionidae" scope_order="Coleoptera">
<subSubSection id="0D99E54D8AB64C1F813C8BB565B52037" pageId="0" pageNumber="87" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="A9D6612BA518BCD1639D530A1665F5A9" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">
<taxonomicName id="C37BCF406675E00C443040A69D977897" ID-CoL="3YK82" LSID="12F52FCB-DC6B-522B-8D5A-41CBCF080F6E" authority="Germar, 1821" authorityName="Germar" authorityYear="1821" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Mecinus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Mecinus collaris" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="87" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="collaris">Mecinus collaris Germar, 1821</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="E993995F5A5A384DC4FBD7D466BF7C44" pageId="0" pageNumber="87" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="C6044FD6FC33DAB0D13EA84F9A5AB649" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">Material examined.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="1A32817A6F1F6B9389F9F9481BCEAC02" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">
26 L3 larvae and 21 pupae, Serbia, Zavojskojezero, Pirot, 15.07.2017, GPS
<geoCoordinate id="F685D58EAC2F3550E60B74D9F8093260" degrees="43" direction="north" minutes="12.508" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="43.208466">43°12.508'N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="3F41481858F06CC431143B410A22F783" degrees="22" direction="east" minutes="35.590" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="22.593166">22°35.590'E</geoCoordinate>
, 675 m., ex
<taxonomicName id="B9AA78191B297383CAA07EABF5EBE9D0" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Plantaginaceae" genus="Plantago" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Plantago media" order="Lamiales" pageId="0" pageNumber="87" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="media">
<emphasis id="D07A34E67FEFED3897C907DA8E9BF93E" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">Plantago media</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, lgt. I.
<normalizedToken id="931149C447678B7A61406C7E448331FB" originalValue="Toševski">Tosevski</normalizedToken>
. Accession numbers of sequenced specimen MN992001.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C2D1BC40B750912CA248E29ABF14CEDA" pageId="0" pageNumber="87" type="description">
<paragraph id="97AC44552903FCDAC75EC9B3685C4143" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">Description of mature larva</paragraph>
<paragraph id="2D325BEA11CD0312B5A22B13564C783D" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">
(Figures
<figureCitation id="77149F4C6131784CB2DCEB2F67392D81" captionStart="Figure 16" captionStartId="F16" captionText="Figure 16. Mecinus collaris mature larva, habitus and chaetotaxy A habitus of the body and frontal view of the head B lateral view of thoracic segments C lateral view of abdominal segment I D lateral view of abdominal segments VII-X. Abbreviations: Th. I-III - number of thoracic segments, Abd. I-X - number of abominal segments, setae: as - alar, ds - dorsal, eps - epipleural, eus - eusternal, lsts - laterosternal, pda - pedal, pds - postdorsal, prns - pronotal, prs - prodorsal, ps - pleural, ss - spiracular, sts - sternal, ts - terminal." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.939.50612.figure16" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/419870" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">16A-D</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="0E3C017C2E6886C30B086AB694E46C45" captionStart="Figure 17" captionStartId="F17" captionText="Figure 17. Mecinus collaris mature larva, head and mouth parts A head, frontal view B antenna C clypeus and labrum, dorsal view D epipharynx E left mandible F maxillolabial complex, ventral aspect. Abbreviations: at - antenna, clss - clypeal sensorium, des - dorsal epicranial, lr - labral rods, sa - sensillum ampullaceum, sb - sensillum basiconicum, Se - sensorium, st - stemmata, setae: als - anterolateral, ams - anteromedial, cls - clypeal, dms - dorsal malar, fs - frontal, ligs - ligular, lrs - labral, ls - lateral epicranial, mbs - malar basiventral, mds - mandibular, mes - median, mxps - maxillary palp, pes - postepicranial, ves - ventral, pfs - palpiferal, pms - postlabial, prms - prelabial, stps - stipal, vms - ventral malar." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.939.50612.figure17" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/419871" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">17A-F</figureCitation>
).
<emphasis id="B8367E9A52936EEBCAB6CA1F17186A19" bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">Measurements</emphasis>
(in mm). Body length: 2.00-3.66. Body width (metathorax): 0.80-1.16. Head width: 0.56-0.66.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="38FD69F3655DDA01ABAA5ABF485DD746" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">
<emphasis id="9CC5226E9C6A749B8516258C8DABCD6B" bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">Body</emphasis>
(Figure
<figureCitation id="CCA843021476DA173A12A4E63CB67CCC" captionStart="Figure 16" captionStartId="F16" captionText="Figure 16. Mecinus collaris mature larva, habitus and chaetotaxy A habitus of the body and frontal view of the head B lateral view of thoracic segments C lateral view of abdominal segment I D lateral view of abdominal segments VII-X. Abbreviations: Th. I-III - number of thoracic segments, Abd. I-X - number of abominal segments, setae: as - alar, ds - dorsal, eps - epipleural, eus - eusternal, lsts - laterosternal, pda - pedal, pds - postdorsal, prns - pronotal, prs - prodorsal, ps - pleural, ss - spiracular, sts - sternal, ts - terminal." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.939.50612.figure16" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/419870" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">16A-D</figureCitation>
) light yellow, slender, curved, slightly pressed dorso-ventrally. Premental sclerite, pedal lobes and spiracular area of meso- and metathorax dark pigmented. Chaetotaxy of thoracic segments relatively well developed, setae capilliform, variable in length, light yellow, on thoracic segments medium or relatively long, on abdominal segments I-IX short or medium. Prothorax (Figure
<figureCitation id="65F187AD65F1E00B58FD95C4F1068BC7" captionStart="Figure 16" captionStartId="F16" captionText="Figure 16. Mecinus collaris mature larva, habitus and chaetotaxy A habitus of the body and frontal view of the head B lateral view of thoracic segments C lateral view of abdominal segment I D lateral view of abdominal segments VII-X. Abbreviations: Th. I-III - number of thoracic segments, Abd. I-X - number of abominal segments, setae: as - alar, ds - dorsal, eps - epipleural, eus - eusternal, lsts - laterosternal, pda - pedal, pds - postdorsal, prns - pronotal, prs - prodorsal, ps - pleural, ss - spiracular, sts - sternal, ts - terminal." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.939.50612.figure16" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/419870" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">16B</figureCitation>
) with eleven
<emphasis id="C3790FA7564065E026BBD7D3B182DA1F" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">prns</emphasis>
(six long and one short placed on premental sclerite), next three close to spiracle; two medium
<emphasis id="20FE59EAF03D2B7DF4C3E4767D763649" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">ps</emphasis>
and one short
<emphasis id="82F00B75606DC4A8E0B0B8D3AB31D137" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">eus.</emphasis>
Meso- and metathorax (Figure
<figureCitation id="51D51C23D417FD1AFD14B5CC2F991B1B" captionStart="Figure 16" captionStartId="F16" captionText="Figure 16. Mecinus collaris mature larva, habitus and chaetotaxy A habitus of the body and frontal view of the head B lateral view of thoracic segments C lateral view of abdominal segment I D lateral view of abdominal segments VII-X. Abbreviations: Th. I-III - number of thoracic segments, Abd. I-X - number of abominal segments, setae: as - alar, ds - dorsal, eps - epipleural, eus - eusternal, lsts - laterosternal, pda - pedal, pds - postdorsal, prns - pronotal, prs - prodorsal, ps - pleural, ss - spiracular, sts - sternal, ts - terminal." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.939.50612.figure16" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/419870" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">16B</figureCitation>
) with one medium
<emphasis id="0A0E187483FEF7D4C93C97346D8EA246" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">prs</emphasis>
, three medium
<emphasis id="F4A12D339536083454944CD82CB7114B" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">pds</emphasis>
of equal length, one medium
<emphasis id="0FEC974296C1CA9A80CF7946F78A24CA" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">as</emphasis>
, three medium
<emphasis id="895B5EF8C6E031A773E53B56889D5492" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">ss</emphasis>
, equal in length, one long
<emphasis id="6B84FBD1F756145A719FB0E21F8DF702" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">eps</emphasis>
, one long
<emphasis id="6E5D9A73DC0848A4023E523D8E26D8D5" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">ps</emphasis>
and one short
<emphasis id="294D442FCBAB7D26826DDF448E769EC5" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">eus.</emphasis>
Pedal area with three
<emphasis id="415B14867E76D43AF69F18257B07C9A2" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">pda</emphasis>
, long or medium. Abdominal segments I-VIII (Figure
<figureCitation id="8FC7FE6B2306B981426DE539D270E0DB" captionStart="Figure 16" captionStartId="F16" captionText="Figure 16. Mecinus collaris mature larva, habitus and chaetotaxy A habitus of the body and frontal view of the head B lateral view of thoracic segments C lateral view of abdominal segment I D lateral view of abdominal segments VII-X. Abbreviations: Th. I-III - number of thoracic segments, Abd. I-X - number of abominal segments, setae: as - alar, ds - dorsal, eps - epipleural, eus - eusternal, lsts - laterosternal, pda - pedal, pds - postdorsal, prns - pronotal, prs - prodorsal, ps - pleural, ss - spiracular, sts - sternal, ts - terminal." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.939.50612.figure16" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/419870" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">16C, D</figureCitation>
) with one short
<emphasis id="A7B8603735EB8A8AB2ADE27F07E21A97" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">prs</emphasis>
, four short
<emphasis id="93E1CA8AE48C72521F4E7CA50281D3C2" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">pds</emphasis>
arranged along the posterior margin, two minute
<emphasis id="1F41EB97685046B6C82CEEA255954DCC" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">ss</emphasis>
, one short
<emphasis id="7E4F8592B34E4E0B76707854ABE472EA" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">eps</emphasis>
, one short
<emphasis id="B854B435FBE092815A2817A818D7D520" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">ps</emphasis>
, one short
<emphasis id="C2B48AA630DED0019236E72D0222B763" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">lsts</emphasis>
and two short
<emphasis id="DA614022246318A24AB5062C1D16B38A" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">eus.</emphasis>
Abdominal segment IX (Figure
<figureCitation id="49C4B73A476002FBE47B97A88AED7B01" captionStart="Figure 16" captionStartId="F16" captionText="Figure 16. Mecinus collaris mature larva, habitus and chaetotaxy A habitus of the body and frontal view of the head B lateral view of thoracic segments C lateral view of abdominal segment I D lateral view of abdominal segments VII-X. Abbreviations: Th. I-III - number of thoracic segments, Abd. I-X - number of abominal segments, setae: as - alar, ds - dorsal, eps - epipleural, eus - eusternal, lsts - laterosternal, pda - pedal, pds - postdorsal, prns - pronotal, prs - prodorsal, ps - pleural, ss - spiracular, sts - sternal, ts - terminal." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.939.50612.figure16" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/419870" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">16D</figureCitation>
) with three short
<emphasis id="73D5288F245D94CFA659F6CA7791434F" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">ds</emphasis>
, all located close to posterior margin, one short
<emphasis id="AF341F55642723F60F33B8A8BEC9AAF5" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">ps</emphasis>
and two rather short
<emphasis id="3666C2FF0B521675FE20747D03C54638" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">sts.</emphasis>
Anal lobes without setae.
</paragraph>
<caption id="C0C2B606BA00AB2DA147A3D7020CA4B7" doi="10.3897/zookeys.939.50612.figure16" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/419870" pageId="0" pageNumber="87" start="Figure 16" startId="F16">
<paragraph id="34A19EEFCBD1C21B8C27949E576F8ED6" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">
<emphasis id="6A4FB55E70E908E704DBA40444F72921" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">Figure 16.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="CED357D4F60D298AAB97742D82C8F62E" authorityName="Germar" authorityYear="1821" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Mecinus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Mecinus collaris" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="87" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="collaris">
<emphasis id="D6AA86A5B5A4C5DDE796FBFCF19480FD" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">Mecinus collaris</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
mature larva, habitus and chaetotaxy
<emphasis id="6A9FF0E503F2CF0AE2041F189D8482B7" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">A</emphasis>
habitus of the body and frontal view of the head
<emphasis id="8C5FBB9A60CA1443DE3B5374395DF206" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">B</emphasis>
lateral view of thoracic segments
<emphasis id="3FAD40CFCB2BF3F98A65FC102D56F491" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">C</emphasis>
lateral view of abdominal segment I
<emphasis id="7B73E2546484AA66BFBF2350CE937FA4" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">D</emphasis>
lateral view of abdominal segments VII-X. Abbreviations: Th. I-III - number of thoracic segments, Abd. I-X - number of abominal segments, setae:
<emphasis id="B32D11A0281CD2F9579BE8A7B7F1BEE1" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">as</emphasis>
- alar,
<emphasis id="54FF167BC9752FA6C4902154C52EE0BD" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">ds</emphasis>
- dorsal,
<emphasis id="091392D57B006F345399C23A2BB45B78" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">eps</emphasis>
- epipleural,
<emphasis id="A11985F56BD7E05BD0267EAA78E46B04" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">eus</emphasis>
- eusternal,
<emphasis id="E114DE862F792EBFE454E93BA5EA6B83" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">lsts</emphasis>
- laterosternal,
<emphasis id="8CC76034EEAA1E08B4E22D0CA167BF3F" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">pda</emphasis>
- pedal,
<emphasis id="6F79BED134F5B6ACE6952703A7952254" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">pds</emphasis>
- postdorsal,
<emphasis id="65DD56486A7B7F2B71113FE981A9A964" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">prns</emphasis>
- pronotal,
<emphasis id="CC51D3CB8E0A2BCF6171E97C4D7D2C16" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">prs</emphasis>
- prodorsal,
<emphasis id="15C879FD8FA2A636F51109CEBEF2872E" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">ps</emphasis>
- pleural,
<emphasis id="BA0E6711BFE46D324360F192E47AF580" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">ss</emphasis>
- spiracular,
<emphasis id="1C396914251414C503A2B32858B0BA21" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">sts</emphasis>
- sternal,
<emphasis id="847E79E42AAC1D48D9FFD186730E7973" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">ts</emphasis>
- terminal.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="CAB1F1880CA77003FD50475E7A0CEA0A" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">
<emphasis id="D92EDAE093FA8EC6F56FD80C113DF98D" bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">Head capsule</emphasis>
(Figures
<figureCitation id="BA3250426C49EA3CE85B454027A746B8" captionStart="Figure 16" captionStartId="F16" captionText="Figure 16. Mecinus collaris mature larva, habitus and chaetotaxy A habitus of the body and frontal view of the head B lateral view of thoracic segments C lateral view of abdominal segment I D lateral view of abdominal segments VII-X. Abbreviations: Th. I-III - number of thoracic segments, Abd. I-X - number of abominal segments, setae: as - alar, ds - dorsal, eps - epipleural, eus - eusternal, lsts - laterosternal, pda - pedal, pds - postdorsal, prns - pronotal, prs - prodorsal, ps - pleural, ss - spiracular, sts - sternal, ts - terminal." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.939.50612.figure16" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/419870" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">16A</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="F26EC8F62884CDD043E87FA9C0D1E961" captionStart="Figure 17" captionStartId="F17" captionText="Figure 17. Mecinus collaris mature larva, head and mouth parts A head, frontal view B antenna C clypeus and labrum, dorsal view D epipharynx E left mandible F maxillolabial complex, ventral aspect. Abbreviations: at - antenna, clss - clypeal sensorium, des - dorsal epicranial, lr - labral rods, sa - sensillum ampullaceum, sb - sensillum basiconicum, Se - sensorium, st - stemmata, setae: als - anterolateral, ams - anteromedial, cls - clypeal, dms - dorsal malar, fs - frontal, ligs - ligular, lrs - labral, ls - lateral epicranial, mbs - malar basiventral, mds - mandibular, mes - median, mxps - maxillary palp, pes - postepicranial, ves - ventral, pfs - palpiferal, pms - postlabial, prms - prelabial, stps - stipal, vms - ventral malar." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.939.50612.figure17" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/419871" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">17A-C</figureCitation>
) dark brown, slightly narrowed bilaterally.
<emphasis id="EC4723C1986B215FD5A4E66FEEEA7EA3" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">Des1-3,5</emphasis>
long,
<emphasis id="A0514ECA0EEF48F07DE21BCC923D4876" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">des4</emphasis>
short;
<emphasis id="81689D06C80B84FEFCAE75B6C8496337" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">des4</emphasis>
located in the central part of epicranium.
<emphasis id="2CCFC3D26AF9131811F83962EAD4CBF2" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">Fs1</emphasis>
long,
<emphasis id="60B837A8A22512BBF5525A6D488EB0F6" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">fs3</emphasis>
very short,
<emphasis id="A514E34ADC8F7D582D42F27DF40C3E19" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">fs4,5</emphasis>
equal in length, almost as long as
<emphasis id="ECDCA1C5508FCF680C74A7730E3F195D" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">des1</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="5828B90DA42CF7F8E13C1F97C1AFEFDC" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">Les1</emphasis>
and
<emphasis id="29B3D033337EC324323E7442BC08C628" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">les2</emphasis>
slightly shorter than
<emphasis id="F4C18165C9C13B4D39304CF353D43A83" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">des1</emphasis>
; two
<emphasis id="0271B538C6146C252AFDEDDDB0728A9C" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">ves</emphasis>
, and four
<emphasis id="EFEF69F7111D89BCC2CA0E513A92F9C5" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">pes</emphasis>
very short (Figure
<figureCitation id="912266E7FCECBD3AF3A2BC9353DC27B6" captionStart="Figure 17" captionStartId="F17" captionText="Figure 17. Mecinus collaris mature larva, head and mouth parts A head, frontal view B antenna C clypeus and labrum, dorsal view D epipharynx E left mandible F maxillolabial complex, ventral aspect. Abbreviations: at - antenna, clss - clypeal sensorium, des - dorsal epicranial, lr - labral rods, sa - sensillum ampullaceum, sb - sensillum basiconicum, Se - sensorium, st - stemmata, setae: als - anterolateral, ams - anteromedial, cls - clypeal, dms - dorsal malar, fs - frontal, ligs - ligular, lrs - labral, ls - lateral epicranial, mbs - malar basiventral, mds - mandibular, mes - median, mxps - maxillary palp, pes - postepicranial, ves - ventral, pfs - palpiferal, pms - postlabial, prms - prelabial, stps - stipal, vms - ventral malar." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.939.50612.figure17" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/419871" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">17A</figureCitation>
). Antennae (Figure
<figureCitation id="35B0A0C524E9BFF59AC8EDFDD47B035D" captionStart="Figure 17" captionStartId="F17" captionText="Figure 17. Mecinus collaris mature larva, head and mouth parts A head, frontal view B antenna C clypeus and labrum, dorsal view D epipharynx E left mandible F maxillolabial complex, ventral aspect. Abbreviations: at - antenna, clss - clypeal sensorium, des - dorsal epicranial, lr - labral rods, sa - sensillum ampullaceum, sb - sensillum basiconicum, Se - sensorium, st - stemmata, setae: als - anterolateral, ams - anteromedial, cls - clypeal, dms - dorsal malar, fs - frontal, ligs - ligular, lrs - labral, ls - lateral epicranial, mbs - malar basiventral, mds - mandibular, mes - median, mxps - maxillary palp, pes - postepicranial, ves - ventral, pfs - palpiferal, pms - postlabial, prms - prelabial, stps - stipal, vms - ventral malar." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.939.50612.figure17" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/419871" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">17B</figureCitation>
) with conical, elongated sensorium (Se), three times as long as wide, and two sensilla basiconica and two sensilla ampullacea. Clypeus (Figure
<figureCitation id="888FC1FDA7B0FCFE8AEC9B8E15B64858" captionStart="Figure 17" captionStartId="F17" captionText="Figure 17. Mecinus collaris mature larva, head and mouth parts A head, frontal view B antenna C clypeus and labrum, dorsal view D epipharynx E left mandible F maxillolabial complex, ventral aspect. Abbreviations: at - antenna, clss - clypeal sensorium, des - dorsal epicranial, lr - labral rods, sa - sensillum ampullaceum, sb - sensillum basiconicum, Se - sensorium, st - stemmata, setae: als - anterolateral, ams - anteromedial, cls - clypeal, dms - dorsal malar, fs - frontal, ligs - ligular, lrs - labral, ls - lateral epicranial, mbs - malar basiventral, mds - mandibular, mes - median, mxps - maxillary palp, pes - postepicranial, ves - ventral, pfs - palpiferal, pms - postlabial, prms - prelabial, stps - stipal, vms - ventral malar." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.939.50612.figure17" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/419871" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">17C</figureCitation>
) trapezium-shaped, anterior margin almost straight;
<emphasis id="64665E39A11428644ED6742A60DAE107" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">cls1-2</emphasis>
medium, equal in length;
<emphasis id="2186D6679EB11AC1902E3F4372051A62" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">clss</emphasis>
well visible. Labrum (Figure
<figureCitation id="1433D74FE5D246D1258603A85EB751FA" captionStart="Figure 17" captionStartId="F17" captionText="Figure 17. Mecinus collaris mature larva, head and mouth parts A head, frontal view B antenna C clypeus and labrum, dorsal view D epipharynx E left mandible F maxillolabial complex, ventral aspect. Abbreviations: at - antenna, clss - clypeal sensorium, des - dorsal epicranial, lr - labral rods, sa - sensillum ampullaceum, sb - sensillum basiconicum, Se - sensorium, st - stemmata, setae: als - anterolateral, ams - anteromedial, cls - clypeal, dms - dorsal malar, fs - frontal, ligs - ligular, lrs - labral, ls - lateral epicranial, mbs - malar basiventral, mds - mandibular, mes - median, mxps - maxillary palp, pes - postepicranial, ves - ventral, pfs - palpiferal, pms - postlabial, prms - prelabial, stps - stipal, vms - ventral malar." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.939.50612.figure17" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/419871" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">17C</figureCitation>
) narrow, trapezium-shaped, anterior margin distinctly sinuate;
<emphasis id="2C88AA4CC5814E2368BFE7AB9822A9CB" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">lrs1</emphasis>
long,
<emphasis id="EB3744CEDC1611349D7488E8F19E58D5" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">lrs2</emphasis>
and
<emphasis id="28DB20B22B921667DD0B3B538BC8629D" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">lrs3</emphasis>
medium. Epipharynx (Figure
<figureCitation id="7FB56C9514984AC6348738594526DAFC" captionStart="Figure 17" captionStartId="F17" captionText="Figure 17. Mecinus collaris mature larva, head and mouth parts A head, frontal view B antenna C clypeus and labrum, dorsal view D epipharynx E left mandible F maxillolabial complex, ventral aspect. Abbreviations: at - antenna, clss - clypeal sensorium, des - dorsal epicranial, lr - labral rods, sa - sensillum ampullaceum, sb - sensillum basiconicum, Se - sensorium, st - stemmata, setae: als - anterolateral, ams - anteromedial, cls - clypeal, dms - dorsal malar, fs - frontal, ligs - ligular, lrs - labral, ls - lateral epicranial, mbs - malar basiventral, mds - mandibular, mes - median, mxps - maxillary palp, pes - postepicranial, ves - ventral, pfs - palpiferal, pms - postlabial, prms - prelabial, stps - stipal, vms - ventral malar." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.939.50612.figure17" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/419871" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">17D</figureCitation>
) with three elongated, finger-like
<emphasis id="81FB10B5D3DDEE745E4B4842D95D5EF6" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">als</emphasis>
of equal length; two medium, straight
<emphasis id="491759FEEA56F638C85BD9172846166C" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">ams</emphasis>
; two short finger-like
<emphasis id="5478DA56EC854A9065DBC7B5368465F0" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">mes</emphasis>
; surface smooth; labral rods very short, close to kidney-shaped. Mandibles (Figure
<figureCitation id="20DD325391A1142B20CB58EA595E7302" captionStart="Figure 17" captionStartId="F17" captionText="Figure 17. Mecinus collaris mature larva, head and mouth parts A head, frontal view B antenna C clypeus and labrum, dorsal view D epipharynx E left mandible F maxillolabial complex, ventral aspect. Abbreviations: at - antenna, clss - clypeal sensorium, des - dorsal epicranial, lr - labral rods, sa - sensillum ampullaceum, sb - sensillum basiconicum, Se - sensorium, st - stemmata, setae: als - anterolateral, ams - anteromedial, cls - clypeal, dms - dorsal malar, fs - frontal, ligs - ligular, lrs - labral, ls - lateral epicranial, mbs - malar basiventral, mds - mandibular, mes - median, mxps - maxillary palp, pes - postepicranial, ves - ventral, pfs - palpiferal, pms - postlabial, prms - prelabial, stps - stipal, vms - ventral malar." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.939.50612.figure17" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/419871" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">17E</figureCitation>
) conical, rather wide; both
<emphasis id="5B3105D87F87B4CA9F3F01A4A7F2C086" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">mds</emphasis>
capilliform, medium, equal in length, placed transversely. Maxilla (Figure
<figureCitation id="146952583CA822D375A4A6A23C187437" captionStart="Figure 17" captionStartId="F17" captionText="Figure 17. Mecinus collaris mature larva, head and mouth parts A head, frontal view B antenna C clypeus and labrum, dorsal view D epipharynx E left mandible F maxillolabial complex, ventral aspect. Abbreviations: at - antenna, clss - clypeal sensorium, des - dorsal epicranial, lr - labral rods, sa - sensillum ampullaceum, sb - sensillum basiconicum, Se - sensorium, st - stemmata, setae: als - anterolateral, ams - anteromedial, cls - clypeal, dms - dorsal malar, fs - frontal, ligs - ligular, lrs - labral, ls - lateral epicranial, mbs - malar basiventral, mds - mandibular, mes - median, mxps - maxillary palp, pes - postepicranial, ves - ventral, pfs - palpiferal, pms - postlabial, prms - prelabial, stps - stipal, vms - ventral malar." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.939.50612.figure17" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/419871" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">17F</figureCitation>
) with one
<emphasis id="E5F4BAB3E5661D1ECDBEED2C05864967" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">stps</emphasis>
and two
<emphasis id="88B321E9BE8C13D100760FBFF1FCD04F" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">pfs</emphasis>
of equal length;
<emphasis id="FA851B1E82E0B2459EAB6ABCF5A35CC0" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">mbs</emphasis>
short; mala with six long rod-like
<emphasis id="F0E04AAB55F3AD46EB8F9E710ED0F1FC" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">dms</emphasis>
of almost equal size, five
<emphasis id="0104D12C9AA7D83FD951B523B8D88CFA" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">vms</emphasis>
various in length. Maxillary palpi: basal palpomere distinctly wider and slightly shorter than distal. Prelabium (Figure
<figureCitation id="98BD3ED588238B0E2F1534E761BB6975" captionStart="Figure 17" captionStartId="F17" captionText="Figure 17. Mecinus collaris mature larva, head and mouth parts A head, frontal view B antenna C clypeus and labrum, dorsal view D epipharynx E left mandible F maxillolabial complex, ventral aspect. Abbreviations: at - antenna, clss - clypeal sensorium, des - dorsal epicranial, lr - labral rods, sa - sensillum ampullaceum, sb - sensillum basiconicum, Se - sensorium, st - stemmata, setae: als - anterolateral, ams - anteromedial, cls - clypeal, dms - dorsal malar, fs - frontal, ligs - ligular, lrs - labral, ls - lateral epicranial, mbs - malar basiventral, mds - mandibular, mes - median, mxps - maxillary palp, pes - postepicranial, ves - ventral, pfs - palpiferal, pms - postlabial, prms - prelabial, stps - stipal, vms - ventral malar." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.939.50612.figure17" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/419871" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">17F</figureCitation>
) cup-like with one long
<emphasis id="9CC05A783C1911919D7D666A5EBB416B" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">prms</emphasis>
; ligula with two minute
<emphasis id="44203D03359F353B2D4562FD8C2B1203" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">ligs</emphasis>
, premental sclerite well developed, with elongated median part. Labial palpi two-segmented; basal palpomere wider and shorter than distal. Postlabium (Figure
<figureCitation id="9261DF699803F032A1B2AD873D18A3FA" captionStart="Figure 17" captionStartId="F17" captionText="Figure 17. Mecinus collaris mature larva, head and mouth parts A head, frontal view B antenna C clypeus and labrum, dorsal view D epipharynx E left mandible F maxillolabial complex, ventral aspect. Abbreviations: at - antenna, clss - clypeal sensorium, des - dorsal epicranial, lr - labral rods, sa - sensillum ampullaceum, sb - sensillum basiconicum, Se - sensorium, st - stemmata, setae: als - anterolateral, ams - anteromedial, cls - clypeal, dms - dorsal malar, fs - frontal, ligs - ligular, lrs - labral, ls - lateral epicranial, mbs - malar basiventral, mds - mandibular, mes - median, mxps - maxillary palp, pes - postepicranial, ves - ventral, pfs - palpiferal, pms - postlabial, prms - prelabial, stps - stipal, vms - ventral malar." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.939.50612.figure17" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/419871" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">17F</figureCitation>
) with short
<emphasis id="A4263E2D514B00C21EDB332F5F82F100" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">pms1</emphasis>
, long
<emphasis id="DC82A31044636334A20291DFC25B82BA" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">pms2</emphasis>
, and short
<emphasis id="E3617A9FE30EAF51A0966BEF3A7F1347" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">pms3</emphasis>
.
</paragraph>
<caption id="C9DC73183EFD0368F2E70241DF78EE1F" doi="10.3897/zookeys.939.50612.figure17" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/419871" pageId="0" pageNumber="87" start="Figure 17" startId="F17">
<paragraph id="4FA6588C3830F615708261A2FC440A76" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">
<emphasis id="6E9CEB0D8824D6D5586EA7F56BD57F35" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">Figure 17.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="5037856A2D90B7AEC4E647F5FF9157AA" authorityName="Germar" authorityYear="1821" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Mecinus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Mecinus collaris" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="87" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="collaris">
<emphasis id="3A11AAED9A08BDA0BCC0BAB77C490895" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">Mecinus collaris</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
mature larva, head and mouth parts
<emphasis id="6976CF8418311549422FE42902C0CCC2" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">A</emphasis>
head, frontal view
<emphasis id="BF1D4DCB4BE50C310188A510623BCD64" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">B</emphasis>
antenna
<emphasis id="868F4E7D54CCB6AB6575A1499636EC00" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">C</emphasis>
clypeus and labrum, dorsal view
<emphasis id="B97E91FE2BD4D11E6B3FDAD8C95B59F7" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">D</emphasis>
epipharynx
<emphasis id="E14DCD1F8B7771007B3EEF12F16A53CC" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">E</emphasis>
left mandible
<emphasis id="25EE269E1301CE12439CE3709557E474" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">F</emphasis>
maxillolabial complex, ventral aspect. Abbreviations:
<emphasis id="9F71C7E98AA4B28D291D11C3B72B1649" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">at</emphasis>
- antenna,
<emphasis id="DC6825A0EC53CC5B000C65D292C52236" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">clss</emphasis>
- clypeal sensorium,
<emphasis id="F173F993A188909205F987D732AAD907" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">des</emphasis>
- dorsal epicranial, lr - labral rods, sa - sensillum ampullaceum, sb - sensillum basiconicum, Se - sensorium, st - stemmata, setae:
<emphasis id="D0AAA5377A7881C7E2E1E055F4A2560F" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">als</emphasis>
- anterolateral,
<emphasis id="19B1D8C23F5F7103CEDD9B42F7CF058A" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">ams</emphasis>
- anteromedial,
<emphasis id="0DB2E87660CFC057D793F17E16662C63" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">cls</emphasis>
- clypeal,
<emphasis id="D47F2ECF3841C56FA6E3090D7D536A49" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">dms</emphasis>
- dorsal malar,
<emphasis id="CA9F37857E5529981AA1AD9E2C5B2241" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">fs</emphasis>
- frontal,
<emphasis id="221434AD186D8C15734BFC3DA9945118" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">ligs</emphasis>
- ligular,
<emphasis id="B9F86C66239EBABDDE15DE4AFB391C69" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">lrs</emphasis>
- labral,
<emphasis id="B368E2D12F238C39A4B3D9138B3A5011" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">ls</emphasis>
- lateral epicranial,
<emphasis id="F44F8151ECC8C6645BB448A1F00C134E" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">mbs</emphasis>
- malar basiventral,
<emphasis id="7AED614039FB829FFE7095A0B69759E6" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">mds</emphasis>
- mandibular,
<emphasis id="1F55ADA74878311505C3576C3150F904" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">mes</emphasis>
- median,
<emphasis id="2229C4A3D9C2B34A2D169CAC00CCD2B2" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">mxps</emphasis>
- maxillary palp,
<emphasis id="B248DE73F4DA0570C783C60A82623E24" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">pes</emphasis>
- postepicranial,
<emphasis id="6543857739E0955C3D1177EC91B5AE32" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">ves</emphasis>
- ventral,
<emphasis id="78C99782FBA4B511863F293A12269AAC" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">pfs</emphasis>
- palpiferal,
<emphasis id="955F5E5193398E3E4276BE988598DC7E" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">pms</emphasis>
- postlabial,
<emphasis id="B5128A10F61E9B2C540B72AF8DFDFFC2" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">prms</emphasis>
- prelabial,
<emphasis id="C2F27E317397F0EDC2EA054A97988A2C" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">stps</emphasis>
- stipal,
<emphasis id="82976E07A22E95D4051ECC8111F3D77F" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">vms</emphasis>
- ventral malar.
</paragraph>
</caption>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="50ED3BEAF29AB680B2B7CC328DE8F8EF" pageId="0" pageNumber="87" type="description">
<paragraph id="5A07EAD21167CB0118DA696CCF40F79F" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">Description of pupa</paragraph>
<paragraph id="F1CEB7A73D28A4E615F9A8A860CDF5A2" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">
(Figure
<figureCitation id="D7AC9CC7FB19EE3F276C26E481FEEC2B" captionStart="Figure 18" captionStartId="F18" captionText="Figure 18. Mecinus collaris pupa habitus and chaetotaxy A ventral view B lateral view C dorsal view. Abbreviations: Th. I-III - number of thoracic segments, Abd. I-IX - number of abdominal segments, ur - urogomphi, setae: as - apical, d - dorsal, ds - discal, fes - femoral, l, ls - lateral, pls - posterolateral, rs - rostral, sls - superlateral, sos - superorbital." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.939.50612.figure18" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/419872" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">18A-C</figureCitation>
).
<emphasis id="4F9C17732062D8D196FC2704555230D1" bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">Measurements</emphasis>
(in mm). Head width: 0.30-0.36. Body width: 0.76-1.20. Body length: 1.66-2.33.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="DFBF4BE97D20E7D8A2B721D484D4FEA9" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">
<emphasis id="A7FB6A91C18EA0370C2A8033E3EAA1D7" bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">Body</emphasis>
moderately elongated, light yellowish. Rostrum moderately stout, about 2.1 times as long as wide, reaching up to mesocoxae. Antennae relatively short. Pronotum 1.6 times as wide as long. Mesonotum distinctly shorter than metanotum. Urogomphi (ur) short, conical, with sclerotised, sharp apex, slightly reaching outline of the body, directed downward (Figure
<figureCitation id="D45C0C608AA03B2A3E845CE3EF1B1DDA" captionStart="Figure 18" captionStartId="F18" captionText="Figure 18. Mecinus collaris pupa habitus and chaetotaxy A ventral view B lateral view C dorsal view. Abbreviations: Th. I-III - number of thoracic segments, Abd. I-IX - number of abdominal segments, ur - urogomphi, setae: as - apical, d - dorsal, ds - discal, fes - femoral, l, ls - lateral, pls - posterolateral, rs - rostral, sls - superlateral, sos - superorbital." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.939.50612.figure18" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/419872" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">18A-C</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="D7EEE65721832858F95FE6974E339147" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">
<emphasis id="47E512295010BCF42FD52CC64E12B10F" bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">Chaetotaxy</emphasis>
sparse, setae short, unequal length. Head with only one
<emphasis id="8A93282494A5093E6975402205B67B49" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">sos.</emphasis>
Rostrum with one
<emphasis id="88DAEC1BF7B86B0CD42F18C9DF876C1E" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">rs.</emphasis>
Setae on head and rostrum straight, much shorter than those on prothorax (Figure
<figureCitation id="1895C005C4AFDA4738E26CD460D0E1AA" captionStart="Figure 18" captionStartId="F18" captionText="Figure 18. Mecinus collaris pupa habitus and chaetotaxy A ventral view B lateral view C dorsal view. Abbreviations: Th. I-III - number of thoracic segments, Abd. I-IX - number of abdominal segments, ur - urogomphi, setae: as - apical, d - dorsal, ds - discal, fes - femoral, l, ls - lateral, pls - posterolateral, rs - rostral, sls - superlateral, sos - superorbital." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.939.50612.figure18" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/419872" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">18A</figureCitation>
). Pronotum with two
<emphasis id="9E3ABAFE389F4609D6C822CA11426858" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">as</emphasis>
, one
<emphasis id="956A4A717938D78019E29938CCA64CED" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">sls</emphasis>
, one
<emphasis id="C38669A2658375B566AA91724997B213" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">ls</emphasis>
, one
<emphasis id="4969F5042637D4E62D4800D44CD667B9" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">ds</emphasis>
and four
<emphasis id="E298851F77CB84C3D6D3F5E3B49FA220" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">pls.</emphasis>
Dorsal parts of meso- and metathorax with two setae placed medially. Dorsal parts of abdominal segments I-IV without setae; segments V-VII with five setae (
<emphasis id="4AA839F0FCC7D0042D5F4FE9DF77C1D9" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">d1</emphasis>
placed anteromedially,
<emphasis id="7394451782F2473575DA80E0126498FE" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">d2-4</emphasis>
posteromedially,
<emphasis id="F24CCE2A0A657FB690F9F2CE6A7FFD6E" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">d5</emphasis>
posterolaterally, under spiracle); segment VIII with four setae dorsally. Abdominal segments I-VIII with four long setae ventrally, distributed in regular lines. Abdominal segment IX with two micro-setae ventrally, and next two on urogomphi.
</paragraph>
<caption id="7F37BB2EDE2A8B92CE1F361D0B67EB18" doi="10.3897/zookeys.939.50612.figure18" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/419872" pageId="0" pageNumber="87" start="Figure 18" startId="F18">
<paragraph id="C8C5020F89A1E7461EB4F2EA964D02E5" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">
<emphasis id="506635DD15515C9EB99223C3AD40B54B" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">Figure 18.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="0D43B32B397342ADFDED9E37E399EAD2" authorityName="Germar" authorityYear="1821" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Mecinus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Mecinus collaris" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="87" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="collaris">
<emphasis id="071FB1593D17C012ED6B14BCE21D3A08" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">Mecinus collaris</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
pupa habitus and chaetotaxy
<emphasis id="A418DF0BE880971C4216B3E3E552A5B9" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">A</emphasis>
ventral view
<emphasis id="B4EA079ED6208A328988778DC7196889" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">B</emphasis>
lateral view
<emphasis id="2DEB7AD769019622906B956EF1F26607" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">C</emphasis>
dorsal view. Abbreviations: Th. I-III - number of thoracic segments, Abd. I-IX - number of abdominal segments, ur - urogomphi, setae:
<emphasis id="9E857ADD18E7F796C25C8624304EC9C7" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">as</emphasis>
- apical,
<emphasis id="3323690EBE5797FDDDF80128F95B0A95" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">d</emphasis>
- dorsal,
<emphasis id="BC8AB05D8F7F04B663DF53AFEB3DFD52" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">ds</emphasis>
- discal,
<emphasis id="598039CA4E717A4F9E931DAF3BDFC559" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">fes</emphasis>
- femoral,
<emphasis id="D19ACD3D976A91891E5180D2084502CC" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">l</emphasis>
,
<emphasis id="EA460E39A20D4B392218AE70D2668279" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">ls</emphasis>
- lateral,
<emphasis id="418B791F74D30F498D5D8AFDADE2BE3D" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">pls</emphasis>
- posterolateral,
<emphasis id="840EE2FF7E12B26CB83CCE6F942FB013" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">rs</emphasis>
- rostral,
<emphasis id="26478331C255BD3F9E1AA28418F8D533" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">sls</emphasis>
- superlateral,
<emphasis id="23007B2D53FAFEF1AD0340F73FE2C1F5" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">sos</emphasis>
- superorbital.
</paragraph>
</caption>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="A3932657943EECB9BE3B7D0D84E45253" pageId="0" pageNumber="87" type="notes">
<paragraph id="E06838CED2356E9A8EDA750740E05648" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">Biological notes.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="FABCD959385681466554E15574499461" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">
Larvae feed on various species of
<taxonomicName id="1F24D832BB312217C94BE94513AD4DBC" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Plantaginaceae" genus="Plantago" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Plantago" order="Lamiales" pageId="0" pageNumber="87" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="0AB170099D9484346F5498AAA9D52037" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">Plantago</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, but mainly on
<taxonomicName id="2BF64B277E9F594129322C839F27DBF6" lsidName="P. media" pageId="0" pageNumber="87" rank="species" species="media">
<emphasis id="CCB6D36A9C00D197CEF0375EAED1994D" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">P. media</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
L. and
<taxonomicName id="510B78D5DB5CC0DBD0D47BE1F4FC1D5A" lsidName="P. maritima" pageId="0" pageNumber="87" rank="species" species="maritima">
<emphasis id="F9A696A3B5C46F9CCD77EACDEEF7D930" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">P. maritima</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
L.
<taxonomicName id="3F3448112BC04688620334E1F6FE34E5" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Plantaginaceae" genus="Plantago" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Plantago lanceolata" order="Lamiales" pageId="0" pageNumber="87" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="lanceolata">
<emphasis id="37CC895176DF973F944BEB02ECFF1928" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">Plantago lanceolata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="CB15A43FABA52FE4969B8FBD28B79762" lsidName="P. coronopus" pageId="0" pageNumber="87" rank="species" species="coronopus">
<emphasis id="485EB73D5D4EF8F109EAC2A9641C3EEB" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">P. coronopus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
L., and
<taxonomicName id="C61E33E78BF65AE6080C5F1E17DB16C8" lsidName="P. major" pageId="0" pageNumber="87" rank="species" species="major">
<emphasis id="62A9FB2FB8BF80B5832C9ED174833E69" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">P. major</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
L. are also known as host plants. The adults are active from mid-spring following the growth of the flowering stems of the host plant. The female oviposits inside the upper parts of the flowering stem that are covered with floral spikes, which induces clearly visible oblong galls. Very often, several larvae develop in a single flowering shoot. The larvae pupate inside the galls and the adults emerge during summer. Overwintering takes place in the soil litter near the host plant.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="D8326D6550826A2B478AEB09767D247B" pageId="0" pageNumber="87" type="remarks">
<paragraph id="44E45C6CA4EC092C39DF557EBFA2D82A" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">Remarks.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="A3E3060B5BCCE04D98C41C36563C5E08" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">
This species, which is widely distributed in the Palearctic region except in North Africa (
<bibRefCitation id="673090C425367FD76180481C4FEB67A0" author="Alonso-Zarazaga, MA" journalOrPublisher="Monografias electronicas de la Sociedad Entomologica Aragonesa" pageId="0" pageNumber="87" pagination="1 - 729" refId="B2" refString="Alonso-Zarazaga, MA, Barrios, H, Borovec, R, Bouchard, P, Caldara, R, Colonnelli, E, Gueltekin, L, Hlavac, P, Korotyaev, B, Lyal, CHC, Machado, A, Meregalli, M, Pierotti, H, Ren, L, Sanchez-Ruiz, M, Sforzi, A, Silfverberg, H, Skuhrovec, J, Tryzna, M, Velazquez de Castro, AJ, Yunakov, NN, 2017. Cooperative Catalogue of Palaearctic Coleoptera Curculionoidea. Monografias electronicas de la Sociedad Entomologica Aragonesa 8: 1 - 729" title="Cooperative Catalogue of Palaearctic Coleoptera Curculionoidea." volume="8" year="2017">Alonso-Zarazaga et al. 2017</bibRefCitation>
), is unique in
<taxonomicName id="BE89AAC8293518440D36FF7EFD13869F" authorityName="Germar" authorityYear="1821" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Mecinus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Mecinus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="87" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="71D8970BEA7F21985E5D027ABE78BE89" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">Mecinus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, being characterised by long elytra and whitish to orange, wide scales covering the base of the pronotum, the epimera and the episterna. For the differences from the immatures of the other species, see the remarks for the group.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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