treatments-xml/data/12/72/C8/1272C8CB5D805AF3AC698F6EB9195EAD.xml

<document id="5376AE11E1F821751CAAF168D8C48027" ID-CLB-Dataset="298043" ID-DOI="10.3897/phytokeys.242.122869" ID-GBIF-Dataset="0ef9b193-75d5-4a92-9fe1-37167739e9c2" ID-publisher-id="122869" URI-arpha="DECAA95C-B8D4-5FDA-9FA3-4B5210214743" XM.bibliography_approvedBy="admin" XM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="admin" article-type="research-article" checkinTime="1717420730993" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Rafidah, Abdul Rahman, Ummul Nazrah, Abdul Rahman &amp; Ong, Poh Teck" docDate="2024" docId="1272C8CB5D805AF3AC698F6EB9195EAD" docLanguage="en" docName="PhytoKeys 242: 273-280" docOrigin="PhytoKeys 242" docSource="https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/article/122869/download/xml/" docStyle="DocumentStyle:PensoftTaxPub.0000.journal_article.phytokeys" docStyleName="PensoftTaxPub.0000.journal_article.phytokeys" docTitle="Gymnostachyum calcicola Rafidah A 2024, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docVersion="7" dtd-version="3.0" lastPageNumber="280" masterDocId="DECAA95CB8D45FDA9FA34B5210214743" masterDocTitle="Gymnostachyum calcicola (Acanthaceae), a new species from limestone karst of Peninsular Malaysia" masterLastPageNumber="280" masterPageNumber="273" pageNumber="273" updateTime="1717569890638" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:title id="FE34B4966747C36C35691BA03E670A08">Gymnostachyum calcicola (Acanthaceae), a new species from limestone karst of Peninsular Malaysia</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="7B041A2D36B0534FB6EC50333D2044E1">Rafidah, Abdul Rahman</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="045FA277BACF2D9463C390BD3DD440D8">Forest Research Institute Malaysia, 52109 Kepong, Selangor, Malaysia</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="BC4204E3AD5809EB1494F272FB67ED88">Ummul Nazrah, Abdul Rahman</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="CD60F4D489C1AA9B2D9531357CCDBC90">Forest Research Institute Malaysia, 52109 Kepong, Selangor, Malaysia</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="BDB26D53C0F851DD8684CD146D761784">Ong, Poh Teck</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="383D78D9919B0CE13A6778CFEFD8819E">Forest Research Institute Malaysia, 52109 Kepong, Selangor, Malaysia</mods:affiliation>
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<treatment id="1272C8CB5D805AF3AC698F6EB9195EAD" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11448177" ID-GBIF-Taxon="232126578" ID-Zenodo-Dep="11448177" ID-arpha="1272C8CB-5D80-5AF3-AC69-8F6EB9195EAD" ID-ipni="urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:77342878-1" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:1272C8CB5D805AF3AC698F6EB9195EAD" LSID-IPNI="urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:77342878-1" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/1272C8CB5D805AF3AC698F6EB9195EAD">
<subSubSection id="92D256F1452307B36676EAA4A13B1353" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="1B09E2BB535914AEA92EC24CE735527D">
<taxonomicName id="A0A1844B5CC7BE5FD3DCF504E64546A2" authority="Rafidah" authorityName="Rafidah A" authorityYear="2024" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Acanthaceae" genus="Gymnostachyum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Lamiales" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="calcicola" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="4F16C4A80D6594942050CB0470E7B293" italics="true">Gymnostachyum calcicola</emphasis>
Rafidah
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="163D102B5D99D8EB7C76CEAF07D2EA3D" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="EFFFFF4752382F3FB942878A9C47FFD5" type="description">
<paragraph id="22CFB4B286A1D188083B1CE6B695532C">
<figureCitation id="BDAB830B39D04CAADE2D4B0665635118" captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 1. Gymnostachyum calcicola Rafidah A habit B flower (side view) C flower (front view) D portion of inflorescence showing dichasial cymose branches E portion of infructescence." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.242.122869.figure1" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1061262">Figs 1</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="2DB0C1B7F3C49BB9CF70A394C324C655" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figure 2. Gymnostachyum calcicola Rafidah A flowering plant B portion of inflorescence with flowers C flower D flower with opened corolla E bract, calyx and carpel with corolla and stamens removed F indumentum of anther along longitudinal line of dehiscence G anthers (dorsal and ventral views) H seeds I fruit J-K attachment of seeds (all drawn by Mohd Aidil Nordin)." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.242.122869.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1061263">2</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="C3AAA2A2722FA30965F1CD5493B74BF7" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figure 3. Home of Gymnostachyum calcicola." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.242.122869.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1061264">3</figureCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="SECID0EQFAC" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="C4A72D024F3E732286EE244E8CDB16A5">
<heading id="C9B657A90E9B14A06A6F418FF9BCC13D" reason="title">Diagnosis.</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="B5102DE5561AE1D4C25017A7CE29CAEF">
Unique among Peninsular Malaysian species of 
<taxonomicName id="60A1858C7219D6F3991515A2DB88F417" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Acanthaceae" genus="Gymnostachyum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Lamiales" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="6A1A42CC7925D6E9074A64BC2D2462E7" italics="true">Gymnostachyum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by having a racemose inflorescences occasionally lower axils with pairs of flowers and dichasium inflorescence with opposite branches. 
<taxonomicName id="048AC2A3A055E23B21C9AD9D57DA4BF2" authorityName="Rafidah A" authorityYear="2024" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Acanthaceae" genus="Gymnostachyum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Lamiales" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="calcicola">
<emphasis id="665E18D1F162FF1B208CC911F08A39AC" italics="true">Gymnostachyum calcicola</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
shows affinity with 
<taxonomicName id="EDBE1E6DE480CD91451509B4981F1555" authority="var. decurrens" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Acanthaceae" genus="Gymnostachyum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Lamiales" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="variety" species="decurrens" variety="decurrens">
<emphasis id="7F78905FE1497EFF64220810AFB1D020" italics="true">Gymnostachyum decurrens var. decurrens</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName id="43E08C6A2FFCC3865593CDE7A02A72BA" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Acanthaceae" genus="Gymnostachyum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Lamiales" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="variety" species="decurrens" variety="robinsonii">
var. 
<emphasis id="2D67778349FD211F146C275777E20C6B" italics="true">robinsonii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by its crowded rosette leaves at the base, however it is different in the inflorescences type.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="SECID0EFHAC" type="material">
<paragraph id="48B5A74FAD30FA568BF90DF0595029FC">
<heading id="815169161E59511BB1DA8F2098A96C59" reason="title">Type.</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="1A0D33E5CEFB14F982E87FC129096F96">
<materialsCitation id="E9055967D300CA857A584219F03785D7" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="4873277303" collectingDate="2017-10-11" collectionCode="KEP, SING" collectorName="Aliaa-Athirah" country="Malaysia" location="Chiku" specimenCode="FRI 90707" specimenCount="2" stateProvince="Kelantan" typeStatus="holotype">
Peninsular 
<collectingCountry id="AECCCE740CA74D0CAD20D1801BEEF59A" name="Malaysia">Malaysia</collectingCountry>
. 
<collectingRegion id="4365CB74A7BF9EA108BC87A3E8944AF3" country="Malaysia" name="Kelantan">Kelantan</collectingRegion>
: 
<location id="6FAF8C4CD1314BC711472A1310D67EDF" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:1272C8CB5D805AF3AC698F6EB9195EAD:6FAF8C4CD1314BC711472A1310D67EDF" country="Malaysia" name="Chiku" stateProvince="Kelantan">Chiku</location>
, 
<abbrev id="ABBRID0ELHAC" xlink_title="Federal Land and Development Authority">FELDA</abbrev>
Chiku, 
<date id="D0EF913389AFBAEBF659C48EA3669FDD" value="2017-10-11">
<collectingDate id="35D9E1FE2BF6ABF661E12E2E8DB1790D" value="2017-10-11">11 October 2017</collectingDate>
</date>
, 
<emphasis id="2767B63B1FDB6AC9DAA579425EE36349" italics="true">
<collectorName id="402488F12D5A42EB4E3E90F98CADF98C">Aliaa-Athirah</collectorName>
et al. 
<specimenCode id="BB466E6A1DE06C9418391C43F3AAE0A9">FRI 90707</specimenCode>
</emphasis>
(
<typeStatus id="1377CE94DE92F9115BE819C004B29F0A" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
<collectionCode id="6517ED464264D478374E23D08C73E202">KEP</collectionCode>
, 
<typeStatus id="AEAC8F907683A989FCE0F4D4EDAFDA08" type="isotype">isotype</typeStatus>
<collectionCode id="E6F65EB1B94F4BAB83FF719EE415981E" country="Singapore" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15640" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15640" name="Singapore Botanic Gardens" type="Herbarium">SING</collectionCode>
)
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<caption id="ECD5D1AE9162100ED23821C532C93179" ID-DOI="10.3897/phytokeys.242.122869.map1" ID-arpha="FCCF7F85-5B78-5CCA-8708-4F168619D8CA" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1061261" startId="F1">
<paragraph id="2EB9C931819B1E3E3506D5CD478D33F3">
<label id="4DF990BDDA10CFE78A82DCD82C726F76">Map 1.</label>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="9C5B4C6A763EE056AB25000E557221F4">
Map of the Peninsular Malaysia indicating the location of 
<taxonomicName id="7C625C5290468D4EA0D7CD5B7AC0D11C" authorityName="Rafidah A" authorityYear="2024" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Acanthaceae" genus="Gymnostachyum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Lamiales" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="calcicola">
<emphasis id="3F8602E36973199F07BB98BD05347563" italics="true">Gymnostachyum calcicola</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in Peninsular Malaysia.
</paragraph>
</caption>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="SECID0EJIAC" type="description">
<paragraph id="92874E30BA54BC6AD2242DD9B3A23D83">
<heading id="5BD7011B9FF4DE016574CD4665145C04" reason="title">Description.</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="69A654B3CC1FFAF6836617A1439592B2">
Rosette herbs. Leaves opposite; petiole pale green, to 
<quantity id="F217A7CD70C529FEC8A6C8CC644C6133" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.0" unit="cm" value="7.0">7 cm</quantity>
long, not winged; lamina membranous to subcoriaceous, dark green above, sometimes with grey blotches, white-green beneath, narrowly oblong to elliptic, ca. 11 × 
<quantity id="B43D8415EBF09E396B084B7B48F58435" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.5" metricValueMax="5.0" metricValueMin="4.0" unit="cm" value="4.5" valueMax="5.0" valueMin="4.0">4–5 cm</quantity>
, base abruptly truncate, decurrent for 
<quantity id="007ABCE26DB3B31077E56A7A5EBFFE51" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" unit="cm" value="2.0">2 cm</quantity>
, margin entire, slightly wavy, apex unequal, slightly acute to blunt; midrib and veins slightly sunken above, glabrous beneath; lateral veins ca. 9–10 pairs. Inflorescences green, erect, terminal, racemose occasionally lower axils with pairs of flowers, dichasium with opposite branches, rachis up to 
<quantity id="B4F7CB049DC8A734BAD5FE6DB935CCDE" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" unit="cm" value="30.0">30 cm</quantity>
long or more, minutely hairy, branches ca. 
<quantity id="7B92A1EB562CA6CB2478A218BCEE3488" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.4" unit="cm" value="14.0">14 cm</quantity>
long with up to 5 flowers; bracts green, ca. 
<quantity id="5D304DF8093F4190CBC21BE638AD83DC" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" unit="mm" value="1.0">1 mm</quantity>
long; pedicels very short, ca. 
<quantity id="989E89A31221870E9A530F3CD113304D" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" unit="mm" value="0.5">0.5 mm</quantity>
long; bracteoles minute, 
<quantity id="CE3ADD8BDEA2267B13955EE5258E42DC" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" unit="mm" value="0.5">0.5 mm</quantity>
long. Flowers suberect. Calyx divided near the base, lobes 5, equal, narrowly linear, 2–3 × 
<quantity id="162C3DD34B55544E6A5883AF4892B6C7" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.5" metricValueMax="10.0" metricValueMin="5.0" unit="mm" value="0.75" valueMax="1.0" valueMin="0.5">0.5–1 mm</quantity>
long, green, hairy outside, clasping the corolla tube. Corolla white outside, inside white with scattered minute purple spots except for the deep purple lower lip, deep purple at the median lobe, minutely glandular hairy outside, ca. 
<quantity id="DBAB4CAA37BED386479998B76C121295" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.3" metricValueMax="1.4" metricValueMin="1.2" unit="mm" value="13.0" valueMax="14.0" valueMin="12.0">12–14 mm</quantity>
long, narrowly cylindric at base, tube 10 × 
<quantity id="DD167840188AB41D773E6CFFCCD53D93" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" unit="mm" value="1.0">1 mm</quantity>
, expanding distally to funnel-shaped throat, upper lip erect, ca. 
<quantity id="A1E3FD3585ADF2CE1863131018C83608" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" unit="mm" value="3.0">3 mm</quantity>
long, apex slightly bilobed, flat, lower lip unequal, the middle lobe much shorter. Stamens 2, filaments white, 
<quantity id="B4CB663A1F68821A8E4D008A98DDDA32" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.5" metricValueMax="7.0" metricValueMin="6.0" unit="mm" value="6.5" valueMax="7.0" valueMin="6.0">6–7 mm</quantity>
long, inserted at the base of the throat, glabrous, anthers purple-white, inserted, positioned below the apex of upper lip, narrowly oblong, ca. 
<quantity id="306A4E634171DD67B70DF1D75F1B049C" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" unit="mm" value="2.0">2 mm</quantity>
long, thecae 2, equal, both with minute mucronate appendages at base, densely covered with short stalked glandular hairs with dense white hairs along longitudinal line of dehiscence; staminodes absent. Nectary annular, cream-coloured, ca. 
<quantity id="2F4C0568AF4A7E6E35D319EE10A0D5CB" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" unit="mm" value="1.0">1 mm</quantity>
high, upper margin entire. Ovary green, cylindric, 
<quantity id="7304565131159C4D3269E5F1B1EF5803" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.25" metricValueMax="1.5" metricValueMin="1.0" unit="mm" value="1.25" valueMax="1.5" valueMin="1.0">1–1.5 mm</quantity>
long, densely covered in short glandular hairs, ovules many per locule; style white, up to 
<quantity id="601D6D845B0980A663C84DC58D3D2668" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.0" unit="mm" value="8.0">8 mm</quantity>
long, sparsely hairy, stigma hooked, less than 
<quantity id="A8DFB5D1B93906133C62061CEF78889C" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" unit="mm" value="1.0">1 mm</quantity>
long, positioned between the anthers. Capsule narrowly cylindric, 10–12 × 
<quantity id="58B8165A84FB13017309BE4F4535D2CC" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" metricValueMax="2.0" metricValueMin="1.0" unit="mm" value="1.5" valueMax="2.0" valueMin="1.0">1–2 mm</quantity>
, retinacula 6–7 per locule, calyx persisting after the fruit has fallen. Seeds up to 12 (probably more), obliquely ovoid, strongly compressed, ca. 
<quantity id="B2690F04E503C12E2EFE1D3F51F5B09B" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" unit="mm" value="1.0">1 mm</quantity>
longitudinal, surface minutely pitted, hairy.
</paragraph>
<caption id="782C99048E6D3E2E87D158EF0C4A4E28" ID-DOI="10.3897/phytokeys.242.122869.figure1" ID-arpha="B2D39DEA-DC53-558D-A4D6-7A19C334496E" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1061262" startId="F2">
<paragraph id="E933ECE7D06B9F7E9D99201CA86EE6B3">
<label id="AC8A97B5F9AE12BE1D56720BBAD927C0">Figure 1.</label>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="2F566B079EE31928A864BED00B44E65E">
<taxonomicName id="B1295F86A2B0AC04806412DD104DA2F1" authority="Rafidah A" authorityName="Rafidah A" authorityYear="2024" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Acanthaceae" genus="Gymnostachyum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Lamiales" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="calcicola">
<emphasis id="9542A8C2BD6EAEE981EAF544EA99A98F" italics="true">Gymnostachyum calcicola</emphasis>
Rafidah 
<emphasis id="5C8F7D1DD4C9D5CE69942A6887111FA4" bold="true">A</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
habit 
<emphasis id="FB37342F69F64F761F3345D70CA5BE0F" bold="true">B</emphasis>
flower (side view) 
<emphasis id="56EE3C611CCF3311730B50498F20278B" bold="true">C</emphasis>
flower (front view) 
<emphasis id="EB57387EA05A509B8E7B7E3C065ED603" bold="true">D</emphasis>
portion of inflorescence showing dichasial cymose branches 
<emphasis id="E4A8A1907B4B64230BD1174329CE2061" bold="true">E</emphasis>
portion of infructescence.
</paragraph>
</caption>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="SECID0EQJAC" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="AAE653DB151B48758CA00774F23CD1E2">
<heading id="35B9B7FB3830F7A325EC0E2BA4924420" reason="title">Distribution and habitat.</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="6084993862171CB4340588E85333E6A7">
Endemic to 
<collectingRegion id="19E36124B1FFF07D9F9DCB215E6B1EF2" country="Malaysia" name="Kelantan">Kelantan</collectingRegion>
, Peninsular 
<collectingCountry id="6A72DD23BCB80FC17EAD89A287072E75" name="Malaysia">Malaysia</collectingCountry>
; known only from limestone hills. Species grows in small populations, always observed in shaded areas, rooting in cracks on thin soil on limestone rocks, almost to the summit of the hill.
</paragraph>
<caption id="F38E34BE5DCDDED96BB7A01CF9C9D428" ID-DOI="10.3897/phytokeys.242.122869.figure2" ID-arpha="55B57FBA-B99A-53C8-8BBF-F337BDAFD05B" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1061263" startId="F3">
<paragraph id="CCFE116A5401CA92039069959B11FD77">
<label id="8888908DEFD418CCC4C082771FE72ABB">Figure 2.</label>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="59E74D158CB4573A8A916429753B6909">
<taxonomicName id="9733F14284E6134501AC039223FC4897" authority="Rafidah A" authorityName="Rafidah A" authorityYear="2024" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Acanthaceae" genus="Gymnostachyum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Lamiales" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="calcicola">
<emphasis id="00BDCE44E8FDD6190E59CD6D86FB7CD6" italics="true">Gymnostachyum calcicola</emphasis>
Rafidah 
<emphasis id="7D5C4BB20BE9EA4F827136B8B30AA4A3" bold="true">A</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
flowering plant 
<emphasis id="9A2A69AEF7C9F269B256F3B77711EB83" bold="true">B</emphasis>
portion of inflorescence with flowers 
<emphasis id="C487893F7C605ACD5DDDD532B001D5C7" bold="true">C</emphasis>
flower 
<emphasis id="622AC36C42DBC348485E39438320F515" bold="true">D</emphasis>
flower with opened corolla 
<emphasis id="36673908D225E2427EFA047AFB5DD30B" bold="true">E</emphasis>
bract, calyx and carpel with corolla and stamens removed 
<emphasis id="F27DE4C2BB2C7B018E8E5245EB5D4C26" bold="true">F</emphasis>
indumentum of anther along longitudinal line of dehiscence 
<emphasis id="710DC966C191A93DE721EAE0BB326C12" bold="true">G</emphasis>
anthers (dorsal and ventral views) 
<emphasis id="B5ECB0C4C4C6A26C037A277938EC997C" bold="true">H</emphasis>
seeds 
<emphasis id="848E94A69C20BDB7C3A7A0D454AFFC1D" bold="true">I</emphasis>
fruit 
<emphasis id="338DD0C85F401382E4B6C4AB119E8A9F" bold="true">J-K</emphasis>
attachment of seeds (all drawn by Mohd Aidil Nordin).
</paragraph>
</caption>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="SECID0EBLAC" type="etymology">
<paragraph id="9A78E839249A3EBD7F4479DCE98BC3BE">
<heading id="86F12C2677D9A891F51807766D5C528E" reason="title">Etymology.</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="79749D47009DEC1CDEFD4B8E5CA5E405">The specific epithet refers to the limestone habitat of this species.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="SECID0EGLAC" type="Provisional IUCN regional conservation status">
<paragraph id="2CF46EEB3B796156B6F3DF457B33A1C8">
<heading id="C9CC59945FBB6DD6C63BEDC8378122DB" reason="title">Provisional IUCN regional conservation status.</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8FA9CE3CA4C747689A2CC0D3531CD647">
Endangered B 2 ab (i, ii, iii). Most Chiku limestone hills were visited, but only two to three hills were home to this new species. A part of Chiku limestone hills is scheduled for quarries. The survival of the species remains uncertain. The species also has been recorded in Perasu limestone hills, about 
<quantity id="3D1C014F6E31FCE2D3853A2A30F3578E" metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" unit="km" value="40.0">40 km</quantity>
away from Chiku hills. Parts of 
<abbrev id="ABBRID0EMLAC" xlink_title="Federal Land and Development Authority">FELDA</abbrev>
Perasu limestone have been quarried, and surrounding areas are currently disturbed by the road constructions. All hills lie outside the network of Protected Areas.
</paragraph>
<caption id="72CB6360858942DFBD5ACFE5050F749F" ID-DOI="10.3897/phytokeys.242.122869.figure3" ID-arpha="5D359390-DFCC-50CB-BBE2-5F8B2CF33D1A" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1061264" startId="F4">
<paragraph id="AAAEE572CF9DA82045E9329658347B6F">
<label id="4B69CADF44F3BAC3A92DFFF437772FC5">Figure 3.</label>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="F3FC5FE19F9F9FB4DC773A4272236B61">
Home of 
<taxonomicName id="0DFB75C88383A42A3D01EC0E1BBFE9D0" authorityName="Rafidah A" authorityYear="2024" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Acanthaceae" genus="Gymnostachyum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Lamiales" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="calcicola">
<emphasis id="EB2119B3F1F3994EA93DD73807589EB1" italics="true">Gymnostachyum calcicola</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</caption>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="SECID0EIMAC" type="material">
<paragraph id="A65E4315B0142882E8380FB29996DB3B">
<heading id="90BD4604EAA36B27C2FFCA6B9E301164" reason="title">Additional specimens examined.</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BB9D11A14568833DE1E4B4C97E90AAB6">
<materialsCitation id="85946821052AEDB4D6F2418956FF34A0" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="4873277301" collectingDate="2017-10-11" collectingDateMax="2019-04-24" collectingDateMin="2017-10-10" collectionCode="KEP" collectorName="Aliaa-Athirah" country="Malaysia" location="Chiku" specimenCode="90712" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Kelantan">
Peninsular 
<collectingCountry id="365BB56DD29630EF474403A394AC80E7" name="Malaysia">Malaysia</collectingCountry>
, 
<collectingRegion id="3B612D9DAF65D8EE24AD9E40F2C6460B" country="Malaysia" name="Kelantan">Kelantan</collectingRegion>
: 
<abbrev id="ABBRID0EOMAC" xlink_title="Federal Land and Development Authority">FELDA</abbrev>
<location id="D64E5B502D65E052F4739CCC5645D68F" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:1272C8CB5D805AF3AC698F6EB9195EAD:D64E5B502D65E052F4739CCC5645D68F" country="Malaysia" name="Chiku" stateProvince="Kelantan">Chiku</location>
, 
<date id="A954109A2AA4D5DF07CFE93F34B341E3" value="2017-10-11">
<collectingDate id="0023B832603FFF619AB566E8BC4ECAF7" value="2017-10-11">11 October 2017</collectingDate>
</date>
, 
<collectorName id="A34FF88332733F74252D2EE2100B414D">Aliaa-Athirah</collectorName>
<emphasis id="AA1079F8CDDF9B791EE1E32007B1F15C" italics="true">et al</emphasis>
. 
<specimenCode id="B3E0F39E7FFB660136DF22D2A45A2D6E">90712</specimenCode>
(
<collectionCode id="51AA99D3AB60F33153B55E88ED181DBB">KEP</collectionCode>
)
</materialsCitation>
, 
<materialsCitation id="B5EFD0DB054224AB700BF9A5B5BB1014" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="4873277304" collectingDate="2017-10-10" collectingDateMax="2019-04-24" collectingDateMin="2017-10-10" collectionCode="KEP" collectorName="Wan Syafiq" country="Malaysia" location="Chiku" specimenCode="FRI 90123" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Kelantan">
<date id="66CF7045653D5FB58DFFDC5468927231" value="2017-10-10">
<collectingDate id="63B5A91FB7465D849AC6CAEF1D78DD69" value="2017-10-10">10 October 2017</collectingDate>
</date>
, 
<collectorName id="1B6B4A03CA9FB227593A150DC9782B28">Wan Syafiq</collectorName>
<emphasis id="426AF33E96C5B4FE82F4FB81E8DEDDAF" italics="true">et al</emphasis>
. 
<specimenCode id="5240204B57EBAC27264CAF2DA3283A7E">FRI 90123</specimenCode>
(
<collectionCode id="4823FEC05DF2FF05E7E4DC9CFA4077CF">KEP</collectionCode>
)
</materialsCitation>
; 
<materialsCitation id="5CC2E2557AB4CA925BC6D32FD371174A" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="4873277302" collectingDate="2019-04-24" collectingDateMax="2019-04-24" collectingDateMin="2017-10-10" collectionCode="KEP" collectorName="Rafidah" country="Malaysia" location="Perasu" specimenCode="FRI 93064" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Kelantan">
<abbrev id="ABBRID0EWMAC" xlink_title="Federal Land and Development Authority">FELDA</abbrev>
<location id="787CD7CEDB1846FC8D0F793F73D97615" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:1272C8CB5D805AF3AC698F6EB9195EAD:787CD7CEDB1846FC8D0F793F73D97615" country="Malaysia" name="Perasu" stateProvince="Kelantan">Perasu</location>
, 
<date id="E117EF0299EC3331399F3C2418FE0CA8" value="2019-04-24">
<collectingDate id="EC3FF7EDF331BC6E3C685D8A18E4AFB2" value="2019-04-24">24 April 2019</collectingDate>
</date>
, 
<collectorName id="731A2D7BB30F241FCEF4BE9F6345C3A1">Rafidah</collectorName>
<specimenCode id="27B1D2FC386BBC8CFAA32FAB33429DCA">FRI 93064</specimenCode>
(
<collectionCode id="AF75CDDAAD99BA2683B3620D27326F48">KEP</collectionCode>
)
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="SECID0E1MAC" type="notes">
<paragraph id="694BC71BDCE45AEA4CCBB3321E285E06">
<heading id="74D33B400E01627026D13F1D1CD0AD15" reason="title">Notes.</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="C67277EEDF97FC4FD0670B37B9B99789">
<bibRefCitation id="DF61973C071B8EA467A0548EEE5913D7" DOI="10.2307/4115416" author="Ridley HN" firstAuthor="Ridley" journalOrPublisher=") The flora of the Malay Peninsula" pagination="554-610" refId="B12" refString="Ridley HN (1923) Acanthaceae In: Ridley HN (Ed.) The flora of the Malay Peninsula 2: 554–610. https://doi.org/10.2307/4115416" title="Acanthaceae In: Ridley HN (Ed." volume="2" year="1923">Ridley (1923)</bibRefCitation>
divided the Peninsular Malaysian species into two groups: (i) dwarf plants with single flower of long inflorescences and; (ii) shrubby plants with elongate stem. This new species falls into the first group (Table 
<tableCitation id="6893EFF71763D2869CBC32DEDE64A9BE" captionStart="Table 1" captionStartId="T1" captionText="Table 1. Comparison of Peninsular Malaysia species in Gymnostachyum in Group 1." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/74741F240343A4349B7D4A09430E6B4D" tableUuid="74741F240343A4349B7D4A09430E6B4D">1</tableCitation>
) together with 
<taxonomicName id="630567B0EEB6E00E0ACDC008613E4939" authority="Stapf var. decurrens" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Acanthaceae" genus="Gymnostachyum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Lamiales" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="variety" species="decurrens" variety="decurrens">
<emphasis id="D79DA89CF3FA29F6CFB1EFBAF52734F9" italics="true">Gymnostachyum decurrens</emphasis>
Stapf 
<emphasis id="FF6CA1CBA3C2C5A3EE639CCA93FC7E6E" italics="true">var. decurrens</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName id="37E151BD6BCF2939C57226D94C13A61F" authority="(Ridl.) J. B. Imlay" authorityName="J. B. Imlay" baseAuthorityName="Ridl." class="Magnoliopsida" family="Acanthaceae" genus="Gymnostachyum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Lamiales" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="variety" species="decurrens" variety="robinsonii">
var. 
<emphasis id="66E1E2BA9B29BD58A8A9C40F456B6D7F" italics="true">robinsonii</emphasis>
(Ridl.) J. B. Imlay
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="DE8D0FABE8DBE827AB1523118D08993B" authority="C. B. Clarke" authorityName="C. B. Clarke" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Acanthaceae" genus="Gymnostachyum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Lamiales" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="diversifolium">
<emphasis id="A9922C17B8342B1517FCB9DB80AE32CA" italics="true">G. diversifolium</emphasis>
C. B. Clarke
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="771D158457C2F965705E3488FDCD0685" authority="C. B. Clarke" authorityName="C. B. Clarke" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Acanthaceae" genus="Gymnostachyum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Lamiales" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="pallens">
<emphasis id="D1F032A7B1E17C8508A8150B014E456A" italics="true">G. pallens</emphasis>
C. B. Clarke
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="DD51017EE1EDAA6FB3099D8F6C5E636A" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Acanthaceae" genus="Gymnostachyum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Lamiales" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="kanthanense">
<emphasis id="16E100A46C36AADB7132FBD3D11D32CE" italics="true">G. kanthanense</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, and doubtful species recorded for Peninsular 
<collectingCountry id="EEE2A87730FB120B2AF8F04EFDF046E0" name="Malaysia">Malaysia</collectingCountry>
, 
<taxonomicName id="BBA31E95DAB44E82DF452E6F48F71203" authority="Arn. &amp; Nees." authorityName="Arn. &amp; Nees." class="Magnoliopsida" family="Acanthaceae" genus="Gymnostachyum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Lamiales" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="ceylanicum">
<emphasis id="5DD6B8A9955A2E6811745CC182B72186" italics="true">G. ceylanicum</emphasis>
Arn. &amp; Nees.
</taxonomicName>
The new species shows affinity with 
<taxonomicName id="DC9BDFDE6F52C0B68A8A8EC63E869FA3" authority="var. decurrens" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Acanthaceae" genus="Gymnostachyum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Lamiales" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="variety" species="decurrens" variety="decurrens">
<emphasis id="AE618A648B3281F38DBF806E673AFBC2" italics="true">Gymnostachyum decurrens var. decurrens</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName id="245F8624F8221EBC8060B18EB7E564E7" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Acanthaceae" genus="Gymnostachyum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Lamiales" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="variety" species="decurrens" variety="robinsonii">
var. 
<emphasis id="1755D7B9A617E0234A2E3932B1DC4DFB" italics="true">robinsonii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by its crowded rosette leaves at the base and its racemose and spicate inflorescences and 
<taxonomicName id="C4B2C07E5F1E63BEACE8FC4EA23E1C01" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Acanthaceae" genus="Gymnostachyum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Lamiales" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="pallens">
<emphasis id="B6DF85FD8BFB0796E02E8BE4B349C068" italics="true">G. pallens</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from its branched peduncle. It differs from the other species by not having a winged petiole and in having racemose inflorescences, occasionally lower axils with pairs of flowers and dichasium inflorescence with opposite branches.
</paragraph>
<caption id="74741F240343A4349B7D4A09430E6B4D" ID-Table-UUID="74741F240343A4349B7D4A09430E6B4D" httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/74741F240343A4349B7D4A09430E6B4D" startId="T1">
<paragraph id="CBABA0C4B48CADF1C945421695352D66">
<label id="EA0E7537FDF8207259AAB65B560F0822">Table 1.</label>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="C37CD58062D75AE913A6C6193B5EA94E">
Comparison of Peninsular Malaysia species in 
<taxonomicName id="2C874700E1772376A4814AE0CFD71A07" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Acanthaceae" genus="Gymnostachyum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Lamiales" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B8D00DE06B75C63564BF41ED8C7DCF38" italics="true">Gymnostachyum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in Group 1.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="61110D4A9909DD2B1D8A3666CD761994">
<table id="TID0EXPAE" rules="all">
<tbody id="8B3ADD1ABD52ECE4B5908DCC7EF1E58A">
<tr id="0E75283B6A60192E286D183DD9C3C921">
<th id="1A7C7827BB9A09F675AF965056D42C91" colspan="1" rowspan="1">Characters / Species</th>
<th id="FA04CE59CB9CAC285196E97669BD9915" colspan="1" rowspan="1">
<taxonomicName id="C28CCC5A6B3C38B694AA6BEDF20696EB" authorityName="Rafidah A" authorityYear="2024" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Acanthaceae" genus="Gymnostachyum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Lamiales" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="calcicola">
<emphasis id="7004654B611D6F6EBD9F041CD967573F" italics="true">G. calcicola</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</th>
<th id="72270BE3B715817A7C323AA72A495521" colspan="1" rowspan="1">
<taxonomicName id="61EC09DCEA28F41B93597572E9C43F13" authority="var. decurrens" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Acanthaceae" genus="Gymnostachyum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Lamiales" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="variety" species="decurrens" variety="decurrens">
<emphasis id="94FAC9F829C0001BDEEBA398549CA17F" italics="true">G. decurrens var. decurrens</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</th>
<th id="3A6C9927671D93BEF3A1771961C44122" colspan="1" rowspan="1">
<taxonomicName id="341261F47B5A1D21B00ACF93FB0DB6CF" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Acanthaceae" genus="Gymnostachyum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Lamiales" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="variety" species="decurrens" variety="robinsonii">
<emphasis id="0DF84D424C8B436D4961B98476A7D5E2" italics="true">G. decurrens var. robinsonii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</th>
<emphasis id="24C3064A1810A111EE45E873EDFD26D4" italics="true">
<th id="CE8FD3EBD7E3237575C1B9CCFD6E7F76" colspan="1" rowspan="1">
<taxonomicName id="06E8B9FA1ACDCE04463763225D1F7850" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Acanthaceae" genus="Gymnostachyum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Lamiales" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="diversifolium">G. diversifolium</taxonomicName>
</th>
<th id="84D33F29A9CED8C78C0590305B15A880" colspan="1" rowspan="1">
<taxonomicName id="09CF0FDF4E74F6326FB5FCB0F206EF67" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Acanthaceae" genus="Gymnostachyum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Lamiales" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="ceylanicum">G. ceylanicum</taxonomicName>
*
</th>
</emphasis>
<emphasis id="55E6B53FB5F2AA2D906A41CF859AFADD" italics="true">
<th id="14FA3A957B62ACDA85DFD65DDCCAEC28" colspan="1" rowspan="1">
<taxonomicName id="37167E365876CA8BA2508304842C58BA" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Acanthaceae" genus="Gymnostachyum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Lamiales" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="kanthanense">G. kanthanense</taxonomicName>
</th>
<taxonomicName id="47E55EE6A2E73D380CA47AD5EF253E1B" authority="Petiole" authorityName="Petiole" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Acanthaceae" genus="Gymnostachyum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Lamiales" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="pallens">
<th id="A58C9FD79DAF798AD23F2C3C7F587B4C" colspan="1" rowspan="1">G. pallens</th>
<tr id="C587118EEE7EF4D3122EEC57D4708DDE">
<td id="289F0E393E85BD7847FB93A8A9A61E0A" colspan="1" rowspan="1">Petiole</td>
<td id="0C5CE03A63ED64D7B0ADD5CEA9353485" colspan="1" rowspan="1">not winged</td>
<td id="B9910A5F00809F16A685049E9B3794D2" colspan="1" rowspan="1">broadly-winged</td>
<td id="4B5140ACC2F5B7E661E5CD62D51AF40B" colspan="1" rowspan="1">winged</td>
<td id="0307706CA41D5F4D5D14A7A45CB2579B" colspan="1" rowspan="1">winged</td>
<td id="58EACB9D63D369E904B6F2F5CF8302EC" colspan="1" rowspan="1">winged</td>
<td id="5996642356264C48673C6F4DEDA46DCF" colspan="1" rowspan="1">not winged</td>
<td id="BB17CC9D5584C7F1F0C9650215B3F69E" colspan="1" rowspan="1">winged</td>
</tr>
</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
</tr>
<tr id="6482CB86DB7E0A170732FA1F97DA2D7D">
<td id="B2F362836F2EA898BF1D0579147D709D" colspan="8" rowspan="1">Lamina</td>
</tr>
<tr id="3A93D0258AC3B6EB68070A8090C49C5B">
<td id="D91FB21F1AB0B80B2A1AFD276E8AC798" colspan="1" rowspan="2">Base</td>
<td id="7F73BBE5C5E1BA61BD03A36A484C8F2D" colspan="1" rowspan="1">abruptly truncate</td>
<td id="814B77FBF47E75799F1D3BB12625D118" colspan="1" rowspan="1">broad</td>
<td id="41631514223B8532D714E7B6EF976E8A" colspan="1" rowspan="1">abruptly truncate</td>
<td id="D25508C4BF382F186A098773158AD336" colspan="1" rowspan="1">broad</td>
<td id="704234767AF5C00334780041CB69695C" colspan="1" rowspan="1">unknown</td>
<td id="E6CE2A6300B26CE9FADF8D7D4C43916F" colspan="1" rowspan="1">abruptly rounded or truncate</td>
<td id="AAFA5690516B37AC81FBDB58057BEBDE" colspan="1" rowspan="1">abruptly truncate</td>
</tr>
<tr id="70E0503AED700689DF34CC40C111DE59">
<td id="527DB3FE9617241DF82561567159F17F" colspan="1" rowspan="1">decurrent for 2 cm</td>
<td id="523BB17E85047E510C177915DE770DBD" colspan="1" rowspan="1">undulate margin, decurrent</td>
<td id="0F0A674F540FC13200CC2E9C40A811C2" colspan="1" rowspan="1">decurrent</td>
<td id="769116F137EE70CC4B1A3427498241E7" colspan="1" rowspan="1">decurrent</td>
<td id="15ACB1BBD5C0F1F6513F11887D03D0C4" colspan="1" rowspan="1">undulate margin, decurrent</td>
<td id="F41DB4238B73981F0795BC4992B9466C" colspan="1" rowspan="1">decurrent for 2–8 mm</td>
<td id="9D3FE84FE6EA69CBDEEDACEC3E7B5566" colspan="1" rowspan="1">shortly decurrent</td>
</tr>
<tr id="B9E1366E86EF3A8115588A99A4AB1830">
<td id="EF6F3BC4B4CA191B62728B2F0DA4A702" colspan="1" rowspan="1">Indumentum surface (both)</td>
<td id="68F889584CC80997BCA6201BA080D705" colspan="1" rowspan="1">Glabrous</td>
<td id="71A4979B7A5ECCAC63E60C67EE7B0A77" colspan="1" rowspan="1">pubescent</td>
<td id="3C67270E50688EDD075C0D05DF497412" colspan="1" rowspan="1">scabrid</td>
<td id="1EF3698F3403F3E213253B9B74CF1BE6" colspan="1" rowspan="1">pubescent</td>
<td id="7BB51F2CD87A88F4A71560F3682A4248" colspan="1" rowspan="1">pubescent</td>
<td id="3FB206AC6F8DA819E51413902CDDC3B5" colspan="1" rowspan="1">pubescent</td>
<td id="312BB6420AD218B62837299075518A60" colspan="1" rowspan="1">densely punctate</td>
</tr>
<tr id="8E378E423A5D9CF5B92D58C6999A24A1">
<td id="39C3701C5520D3185C387D23F8693961" colspan="8" rowspan="1">Inflorescence</td>
</tr>
<tr id="9B8DE0841DE41480CDF5EC3EBB6E014F">
<td id="C5472CA01A7BC09B467A871FD5DF89E5" colspan="1" rowspan="2">Type</td>
<td id="9BBE2E4AEF9E6854112F4F646C75F80B" colspan="1" rowspan="1">racemose</td>
<td id="39204F900002A8966F3267C408638C70" colspan="1" rowspan="1">spikes</td>
<td id="7C1B149533177795EB3D84FD773854DF" colspan="1" rowspan="1">racemes</td>
<td id="DC428CAA8E123DA57E869FB5542D4EF5" colspan="1" rowspan="1">spikes</td>
<td id="60C3696DAFA2532B5948A508BEEEA3D7" colspan="1" rowspan="1">spikes</td>
<td id="4FFB6AE4E393583D261EEFB6ADA54255" colspan="1" rowspan="1">spikes</td>
<td id="CD2A6F9DB23EEB1578706F67BFA2DC4D" colspan="1" rowspan="1">spike</td>
</tr>
<tr id="D79D526F842E39450DAEF7057AE434B2">
<td id="3F4D3F12A1099A9E426E48A70EBBD0D6" colspan="1" rowspan="1">dichasium inflorescence with opposite branches</td>
<td id="DB77CBB82A56FAA95D567988A540C33D" colspan="1" rowspan="1">several</td>
<td id="12B2C9725568A97765ADFD62C0FA4FEC" colspan="1" rowspan="1">branched</td>
<td id="8EA508BD637843A592E3F85935B4BA6C" colspan="1" rowspan="1">1 to 3</td>
<td id="5C11CD7339638FE895B0A1428F39ED6D" colspan="1" rowspan="1">several</td>
<td id="BA23A865D6C02E590DCAC95A13B7F43B" colspan="1" rowspan="1">3</td>
<td id="8C5BC96B25D1FBF1E969B971577CB9AE" colspan="1" rowspan="1">slightly branched</td>
</tr>
<tr id="AA555614668CEEB9CFD6EB9B2E0B2B77">
<td id="419581B88DE71877CE53BB0E03AA6C1E" colspan="1" rowspan="1">Flower</td>
<td id="F0123B473694437EE683FD89C1367C63" colspan="1" rowspan="1">occasionally lower axils with pairs of flowers</td>
<td id="376D828ABF0E2F167808972786C0BE3B" colspan="1" rowspan="1">single</td>
<td id="C9DCA943C605D4AFF8D8E03957F8F3F1" colspan="1" rowspan="1">single</td>
<td id="29FB4B09E38B5554016634D0D8D27C61" colspan="1" rowspan="1">single</td>
<td id="C0B27AC28AFC6D6BDC3EF1CA5C7F0557" colspan="1" rowspan="1">single opposite or in long spikes in short cymes</td>
<td id="45E86A90FB43474B99B6F3AFA611204E" colspan="1" rowspan="1">on one side of the rachis</td>
<td id="7DD360020573D22808884EC6165AD56C" colspan="1" rowspan="1">single</td>
</tr>
<tr id="B9A8F29FB8F06C7EDA5221072D1AE175">
<td id="91A58249F9ACC473B6CA195AD9DE79E0" colspan="8" rowspan="1">Calyx</td>
</tr>
<tr id="D62EA65C17C8546D3FF6276074F87937">
<td id="7101291756B5743A37C018A3675AF88C" colspan="1" rowspan="1">Colour</td>
<td id="4881830285BB5D7CACC549E10DD4C27A" colspan="1" rowspan="1">green</td>
<td id="A79430DD16651307EAE70DCEAD5C097B" colspan="1" rowspan="1">purple</td>
<td id="03D1976E28CBB8B6455C9711DEC27EC1" colspan="1" rowspan="1">green</td>
<td id="3CFA4B05A4E7BEF54279A14EBD0C4D99" colspan="1" rowspan="1">pale green</td>
<td id="673597C42811364D5AACA95E2AF1CD3A" colspan="1" rowspan="1">dark green</td>
<td id="D553C28BB816D5E3C47DB684F61B7DE5" colspan="1" rowspan="1">purplish green</td>
<td id="E151D82DB092E12189285EA6E83896C6" colspan="1" rowspan="1">green</td>
</tr>
<tr id="63FCEF9D3B6E6FC46C51EEE3C02E3C50">
<td id="A2210E402665818D019DF4A02F8B5BD2" colspan="1" rowspan="1">Corolla</td>
<td id="16FC1F9590B56D15928BB4FEC999087C" colspan="7" isEmpty="true" rowspan="1">-</td>
</tr>
<tr id="3386FB3A37B57006E8FB22ACA8E575B6">
<td id="9616CC53A567AE92A7E2E4BE67538821" colspan="1" rowspan="1">colour</td>
<td id="2AF13A384A599805AACB21969E17CE58" colspan="1" rowspan="1">white</td>
<td id="B862342B808B1CF5664F07ED7097FD93" colspan="1" rowspan="1">white</td>
<td id="14FAFAEF78AEFE2875AAE34C22A68CC5" colspan="1" rowspan="1">unknown</td>
<td id="4203561AA28B8BEF6FC07734D3D153F7" colspan="1" rowspan="1">pale blue</td>
<td id="3FDC357D3F6A91CBC44115B700E5B599" colspan="1" rowspan="1">pinkish / pale purple</td>
<td id="BBDAA3560B0053653A9E56F2D35BD25D" colspan="1" rowspan="1">white tinged purple</td>
<td id="FC7DA17B1F09EB49C092FF2A8B5530C9" colspan="1" rowspan="1">white</td>
</tr>
<tr id="0D5FD14D5ABDD43EF11BC377F7929EC5">
<td id="174423D7023682F628BC409CF547D48C" colspan="1" rowspan="1">length (mm)</td>
<td id="42C00E5F96885F1B804EF60CF6888A74" colspan="1" rowspan="1">12–14</td>
<td id="1D09F5333701F31D1EC92EB1B182157A" colspan="1" rowspan="1">12–15</td>
<td id="77AA225486463A5FD01EF131EE3FFFD3" colspan="1" rowspan="1">10</td>
<td id="E9BFCBF033426415001433A32F28185D" colspan="1" rowspan="1">25</td>
<td id="06AA93A5A9D73698FCCCE8F645260B7D" colspan="1" rowspan="1">12</td>
<td id="9C0AD1CE519BF554FA752A671056B105" colspan="1" rowspan="1">18</td>
<td id="7701463624BDB293F003601B535BD373" colspan="1" rowspan="1">12</td>
</tr>
<tr id="D07E10BC5B544242770CCA1A0FC89AB5">
<td id="8FBDBA6CDAEF8EC90D0DA022549CD82B" colspan="1" rowspan="1">lower lip (median)</td>
<td id="D954247286CBDAEBB4EEF41FC508312B" colspan="1" rowspan="1">deep purple</td>
<td id="28F7432A8AEC97CCD41BA3D57A3C3AA5" colspan="1" rowspan="1">violet</td>
<td id="16F4CCDF495F494FAC48E892FB1A1DE9" colspan="1" rowspan="1">unknown</td>
<td id="A4362F24DB5BE42ED0CB9216F37A4CD5" colspan="1" rowspan="1">purplish (all)</td>
<td id="CF42D73A5D57236A82BB96A80DBC13E8" colspan="1" rowspan="1">yellow</td>
<td id="86C62BE88A5B719A380D7636B86B3605" colspan="1" rowspan="1">deep purple</td>
<td id="758CE1724C44A4690BCB893E5E3BE9A9" colspan="1" rowspan="1">white</td>
</tr>
<tr id="D809C933C91EE3700F2106A07153A6EB">
<td id="9917CAF45DC25BC33851FF63AE00FC17" colspan="1" rowspan="1">indumentum</td>
<td id="C9FFED3F45622462C09CFCCB06ACE22B" colspan="1" rowspan="1">minutely glandular hairy</td>
<td id="D3B5B93FBF25BC5E4C831657EBAED343" colspan="1" rowspan="1">glandular pubescent</td>
<td id="A66E4B600BBBE8B247F7DCBECD92879C" colspan="1" rowspan="1">glandular pubescent</td>
<td id="C0A7726D1A51E8B33D3233ACA66E5CC3" colspan="1" rowspan="1">glandular and e-glandular hairs</td>
<td id="F15D3037270CB06BCF6F101D5CAA756D" colspan="1" rowspan="1">unknown</td>
<td id="D9D58E3FCA10290A9EE59A094A3E6E65" colspan="1" rowspan="1">stalked glandular hairs</td>
<td id="2F121F180411BD41705A2A41170902FE" colspan="1" rowspan="1">unknown</td>
</tr>
<tr id="3D26B0766A836C12C784391853BBC5DB">
<td id="B286EDB49CEDF38DBC7945866AE1354F" colspan="8" rowspan="1">Capsule</td>
</tr>
<tr id="9042C44EFCF7B1CF57D26A32DAFF3442">
<td id="7B1A20B6EF11FA7F97B79789D4E96B44" colspan="1" rowspan="1">length (mm)</td>
<td id="64103E190E0D2E239CE40736EAD658AF" colspan="1" rowspan="1">10–12</td>
<td id="1A3B4DF46CA3DBE341D096003FF126F6" colspan="1" rowspan="1">18</td>
<td id="902FF71B247C378B63CD75F4ACD31946" colspan="1" rowspan="1">12</td>
<td id="670A7D9B7BFAB972F98FD44354DF5D0D" colspan="1" rowspan="1">unknown</td>
<td id="BC18A75568E0F112F38A861C465AAC0F" colspan="1" rowspan="1">unknown</td>
<td id="5EF434ACDEF6F67FF2FD0FEA39A333A5" colspan="1" rowspan="1">12</td>
<td id="B24E74AB121A9448A08320A617731864" colspan="1" rowspan="1">&gt; 12</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="4F8BE5EA141645B1EFA137D6D7E87B4F">
<tableNote id="60B5AB24093B5AA93A2D9B9C101B474B">
* 
<taxonomicName id="3B920B043CA737AF5585F3DD6F0B2E70" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Acanthaceae" genus="Gymnostachyum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Lamiales" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="ceylanicum">
<emphasis id="9635ED7E79C36E694F346D2E02A06E1F" italics="true">Gymnostachyum ceylanicum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
absolutely indistinguishable from 
<collectingCountry id="1438D53186C5F27004D24EE8D2CF80AB" name="Sri Lanka">Sri Lanka</collectingCountry>
specimen from the corolla colour.
</tableNote>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>