187 lines
20 KiB
XML
187 lines
20 KiB
XML
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<mods:title id="0AF1DFF9F8567E95399CADD58C5CB1DE">New Taxa and Occurrences of Mesophotic and Deep-sea Goniasteridae (Valvatida, Asteroidea) from Okinawa and adjacent regions</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="42F030617037FF869564D8FBB9A4287D">Mah, Christopher L.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="FDFE454B4068F6C379B6068727C7CD8E">Department of Invertebrate Zoology, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, D. C. USA</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="5E514D4052FC7DADE35E5436F31B314E">Kogure, Yoichi</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="8666A8D5B7E024F12AB41965D098ECE8" type="ORCID">0009-0009-9935-8208</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:affiliation id="67D22BDC74520B54638CCACEC9EAAD4B">Fisheries Resources Institute, Japan Fisheries Research and Education Agency, 1 - 5939 - 22 Suido-cho, Chuo, Niigata, Niigata 951 - 8121, Japan</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="2AC9308B78003377719A793493B65F46" type="email">kogure_yoichi52@fra.go.jp</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:namePart id="78380F2AC03D57484812255084DD2291">Fujita, Toshihiko</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="8CC1755E297A3FC93F2FB427C57043CA">Department of Zoology, National Museum of Nature and Science, 4 - 1 - 1 Amakubo, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305 - 0005, Japan</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="98199648012FBA35BEB79F7062BD06F1" type="email">fujita@kahaku.go.jp</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:namePart id="2D2B8B90F00C2DF3009C6034B159594B">Higashiji, Takuo</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="8AE711FA5528CB8169EADB7CA3611387">Okinawa Churaumi Aquarium, 424 Ishikawa, Motobu, Okinawa 905 - 0206, Japan</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="1383DAA28B6323A0D034A6A59D101C6C" type="email">t-higashiji@okichura.jp</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:title id="0615F5D9BDAE1DB2B81C554DFB8F089D">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="D5709D7BC93BC8D28CA18A1CFEF654C3">2024</mods:date>
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<treatment id="123887CCFFB7FF8CFF0EF8AA786B16B9" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10571990" ID-GBIF-Taxon="220923562" ID-Zenodo-Dep="10571990" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:123887CCFFB7FF8CFF0EF8AA786B16B9" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/123887CCFFB7FF8CFF0EF8AA786B16B9" lastPageId="32" lastPageNumber="33" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" scope_class="Asteroidea" scope_family="Goniasteridae" scope_genus="Neoferdina" scope_order="Valvatida">
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<subSubSection id="D28B6551FFB7FFB3FF0EF8AA7F0D135D" box="[151,894,1807,1833]" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="9A2E36DAFFB7FFB3FF0EF8AA7F0D135D" blockId="31.[151,894,1807,1833]" box="[151,894,1807,1833]" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">
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<heading id="C16681B6FFB7FFB3FF0EF8AA7F0D135D" bold="true" box="[151,894,1807,1833]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" reason="1">
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<emphasis id="A8E5EAC8FFB7FFB3FF0EF8AA7F0D135D" bold="true" box="[151,894,1807,1833]" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">
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<taxonomicName id="5D914D59FFB7FFB3FF0EF8AA7E3A135D" ID-CoL="7NM5J" authority="Perrier" box="[151,585,1807,1833]" class="Asteroidea" family="Goniasteridae" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Pentagonasterinae">PENTAGONASTERINAE Perrier</taxonomicName>
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(emended by
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<bibRefCitation id="FE004B2BFFB7FFB3FD61F8AA7F05135D" author="Mah, C. L." box="[760,886,1807,1833]" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" pagination="311 - 339" refId="ref19387" refString="Mah, C. L. (2007) Systematics, Phylogeny, and Historical Biogeography of the Pentagonaster clade (Asteroidea, Valvatida, Goniasteridae) Invertebrate Systematics, 21, 311 - 339. https: // doi. org / 10.1071 / IS 06049" type="journal article" year="2007">Mah 2007</bibRefCitation>
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)
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</emphasis>
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</heading>
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||
</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="D28B6551FFB7FF8CFF0EF8F279EE15A5" lastPageId="32" lastPageNumber="33" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph id="9A2E36DAFFB7FFB3FF0EF8F27D631305" blockId="31.[151,272,1879,1905]" box="[151,272,1879,1905]" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">
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<heading id="C16681B6FFB7FFB3FF0EF8F27D631305" bold="true" box="[151,272,1879,1905]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" reason="1">
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<emphasis id="A8E5EAC8FFB7FFB3FF0EF8F27D631305" bold="true" box="[151,272,1879,1905]" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">Diagnosis</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="9A2E36DAFFB7FF8CFF0EF83A79EE15A5" blockId="31.[151,1436,1951,2014]" lastBlockId="32.[151,1437,151,465]" lastPageId="32" lastPageNumber="33" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">
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Overall body shape pentagonal or weakly stellate, R/r low, arm tips rounded. Test robust, heavily calcified.Abactinal plates smooth or with discrete smooth surface, flattened to very convex, hexagonal to polygonal outline clearly delineated. Primary circlet plates well defined, interradial plates enlarged in most taxa. Bare (i.e. ornamentation is absent),abactinal plates smooth (i.e.flat,frictionless surface)abactinal plates in most,some genera with partial granular covering in some genera(e.g.
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<taxonomicName id="5D914D59FF88FF8CFE48FF7A7E5C148C" authorityName="A. M. Clark" authorityYear="1952" box="[465,559,223,248]" class="Asteroidea" family="Goniasteridae" genus="Toraster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="A8E5EAC8FF88FF8CFE48FF7A7E5C148C" box="[465,559,223,248]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">Toraster</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName id="5D914D59FF88FF8CFDA1FF7A7EC6148D" authorityName="Mah" authorityYear="2007" box="[568,693,223,249]" class="Asteroidea" family="Goniasteridae" genus="Ryukuaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="A8E5EAC8FF88FF8CFDA1FF7A7EC6148D" box="[568,693,223,249]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">Ryukuaster</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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).Fasciolar grooves between abactinal marginal plates shallow to well developed.Double to multiple papular pores in most taxa.Madreporite triangular.Superomarginal and inferomarginal plates swollen, blocky, length greater than width in most specimens. Marginal plates commonly smooth to bare, but few to scattered granules in
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<taxonomicName id="5D914D59FF88FF8CFE5EFEEE7E561510" authorityName="A. M. Clark" authorityYear="1952" box="[455,549,331,356]" class="Asteroidea" family="Goniasteridae" genus="Toraster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="A8E5EAC8FF88FF8CFE5EFEEE7E561510" box="[455,549,331,356]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">Toraster</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName id="5D914D59FF88FF8CFDA8FEEE7EDD1511" authorityName="Mah" authorityYear="2007" box="[561,686,331,357]" class="Asteroidea" family="Goniasteridae" genus="Ryukuaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="A8E5EAC8FF88FF8CFDA8FEEE7EDD1511" box="[561,686,331,357]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">Ryukuaster</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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. Penultimate superomarginals swollen or elongate in
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<taxonomicName id="5D914D59FF88FF8CFB60FEEE79EF1510" authorityName="Gray" authorityYear="1840" box="[1273,1436,331,356]" class="Asteroidea" family="Goniasteridae" genus="Pentagonaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="A8E5EAC8FF88FF8CFB60FEEE79EF1510" box="[1273,1436,331,356]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">Pentagonaster</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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and
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<emphasis id="A8E5EAC8FF88FF8CFF5EFECA7D7815FC" box="[199,267,367,392]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">
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<taxonomicName id="5D914D59FF88FF8CFF5EFECA7D7515FC" authorityName="Gray" authorityYear="1840" box="[199,262,367,392]" class="Asteroidea" family="Goniasteridae" genus="Tosia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">Tosia</taxonomicName>
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.
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</emphasis>
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Actinal plates relatively large, polygonal, smooth, bare, but variably with granular covering in
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<taxonomicName id="5D914D59FF88FF8CFAA7FECA79EF15FC" authorityName="A. M. Clark" authorityYear="1952" box="[1342,1436,367,392]" class="Asteroidea" family="Goniasteridae" genus="Toraster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="A8E5EAC8FF88FF8CFAA7FECA79EF15FC" box="[1342,1436,367,392]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">Toraster</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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or
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<taxonomicName id="5D914D59FF88FF8CFF2EFE367D4715D9" authorityName="Mah" authorityYear="2007" box="[183,308,403,429]" class="Asteroidea" family="Goniasteridae" genus="Ryukuaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
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||
<emphasis id="A8E5EAC8FF88FF8CFF2EFE367D4715D9" box="[183,308,403,429]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">Ryukuaster</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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. Furrow and subambulacral spines few in number, two to three, blunt and thickened. Pedicellariae bivalved or tong-like.Adambulacral plates with horizontally oriented,symmetrical ‘divider’ in most.(From
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<bibRefCitation id="FE004B2BFF88FF8CFABDFE1279E615A5" author="Mah, C. L." box="[1316,1429,439,465]" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" pagination="311 - 339" refId="ref19387" refString="Mah, C. L. (2007) Systematics, Phylogeny, and Historical Biogeography of the Pentagonaster clade (Asteroidea, Valvatida, Goniasteridae) Invertebrate Systematics, 21, 311 - 339. https: // doi. org / 10.1071 / IS 06049" type="journal article" year="2007">Mah 2007</bibRefCitation>
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||
)
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||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="D28B6551FF88FF8CFF0EFD87786B16B9" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="9A2E36DAFF88FF8CFF0EFD877D6D1648" blockId="32.[151,286,546,572]" box="[151,286,546,572]" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">
|
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<heading id="C16681B6FF88FF8CFF0EFD877D6D1648" bold="true" box="[151,286,546,572]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" reason="1">
|
||
<emphasis id="A8E5EAC8FF88FF8CFF0EFD877D6D1648" bold="true" box="[151,286,546,572]" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">Comments</emphasis>
|
||
</heading>
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||
</paragraph>
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||
<paragraph id="9A2E36DAFF88FF8CFF0EFDCE786B16B9" blockId="32.[151,1436,619,717]" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">
|
||
The Pentagonasterinae was revised and reviewed based on a phylogenetic analysis of morphological characters (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="FE004B2BFF88FF8CFF06FD2A7D6B16DD" author="Mah, C. L." box="[159,280,655,681]" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" pagination="311 - 339" refId="ref19387" refString="Mah, C. L. (2007) Systematics, Phylogeny, and Historical Biogeography of the Pentagonaster clade (Asteroidea, Valvatida, Goniasteridae) Invertebrate Systematics, 21, 311 - 339. https: // doi. org / 10.1071 / IS 06049" type="journal article" year="2007">Mah 2007</bibRefCitation>
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||
) and restricted to eight genera,
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<taxonomicName id="5D914D59FF88FF8CFD10FD2A7F5F16DC" authorityName="Gray" authorityYear="1840" box="[649,812,655,680]" class="Asteroidea" family="Goniasteridae" genus="Pentagonaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="A8E5EAC8FF88FF8CFD10FD2A7F5F16DC" box="[649,812,655,680]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">Pentagonaster</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName id="5D914D59FF88FF8CFCA4FD2A7F0A16DC" authorityName="Gray" authorityYear="1840" box="[829,889,655,680]" class="Asteroidea" family="Goniasteridae" genus="Tosia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
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||
<emphasis id="A8E5EAC8FF88FF8CFCA4FD2A7F0A16DC" box="[829,889,655,680]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">Tosia</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName id="5D914D59FF88FF8CFC10FD2A786416DD" authorityName="H. E. S. Clark in H. E. S. Clark & D. G. McKnight" authorityYear="2001" box="[905,1047,655,681]" class="Asteroidea" family="Goniasteridae" genus="Eknomiaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="A8E5EAC8FF88FF8CFC10FD2A786416DD" box="[905,1047,655,681]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">Eknomiaster</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="5D914D59FF88FF8CFBBEFD2A78EC16DD" authorityName="Mah" authorityYear="2007" box="[1063,1183,655,681]" class="Asteroidea" family="Goniasteridae" genus="Akelbaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="A8E5EAC8FF88FF8CFBBEFD2A78EC16DD" box="[1063,1183,655,681]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">Akelbaster</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="5D914D59FF88FF8CFB36FD2A797E16DC" authorityName="A. M. Clark" authorityYear="1952" box="[1199,1293,655,680]" class="Asteroidea" family="Goniasteridae" genus="Toraster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="A8E5EAC8FF88FF8CFB36FD2A797E16DC" box="[1199,1293,655,680]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">Toraster</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="5D914D59FF88FF8CFA84FD2A79E616DD" authorityName="Mah" authorityYear="2007" box="[1309,1429,655,681]" class="Asteroidea" family="Goniasteridae" genus="Anchitosia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="A8E5EAC8FF88FF8CFA84FD2A79E616DD" box="[1309,1429,655,681]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">Anchitosia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="5D914D59FF88FF8CFF0EFD167D6716B9" authorityName="Mah" authorityYear="2007" box="[151,276,691,717]" class="Asteroidea" family="Goniasteridae" genus="Ryukuaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="A8E5EAC8FF88FF8CFF0EFD167D6716B9" box="[151,276,691,717]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">Ryukuaster</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="5D914D59FF88FF8CFEBAFD167DC216B9" authorityName="H. E. S. Clark in H. E. S. Clark & D. G. McKnight" authorityYear="2001" box="[291,433,691,717]" class="Asteroidea" family="Goniasteridae" genus="Eknomiaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="A8E5EAC8FF88FF8CFEBAFD167DC216B9" box="[291,433,691,717]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">Eknomiaster</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and
|
||
<emphasis id="A8E5EAC8FF88FF8CFE77FD167EF016B8" box="[494,643,691,716]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="5D914D59FF88FF8CFE77FD167E0C16B8" authorityName="Mah" authorityYear="2007" box="[494,639,691,716]" class="Asteroidea" family="Goniasteridae" genus="Pawsonaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">Pawsonaster</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
Okinawan specimens from
|
||
<quantity id="5D699B3FFF88FF8CFC25FD16786716B9" box="[956,1044,691,717]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.5" metricValueMax="7.0" metricValueMin="0.0" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" unit="m" value="35.0" valueMax="70.0" valueMin="0.0">
|
||
0–
|
||
<specimenCount id="8C97FD53FF88FF8CFC41FD16786716B9" box="[984,1044,691,717]" count="70" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" type="generic">70 m</specimenCount>
|
||
</quantity>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |