270 lines
33 KiB
XML
270 lines
33 KiB
XML
<document id="546BE5B65EE59897D5254F3D9D472606" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.5403.1.1" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="10561570" ID-ZooBank="A9E9D993-74C3-49CC-9202-DB1132EEF113" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="juliana" IM.illustrations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="juliana" IM.metadata_approvedBy="juliana" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="juliana" IM.treatmentCitations_approvedBy="juliana" IM.treatments_approvedBy="juliana" checkinTime="1706103461433" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Mah, Christopher L., Kogure, Yoichi, Fujita, Toshihiko & Higashiji, Takuo" docDate="2024" docId="123887CCFFAFFFA4FF0EF8F27DA6109E" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.5403.1.1.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 5403 (1)" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5403.1.1" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Fromia Gray 1840" docType="treatment" docVersion="2" lastPageNumber="9" masterDocId="EE01FFB4FFA8FFACFF99FFA57C731474" masterDocTitle="New Taxa and Occurrences of Mesophotic and Deep-sea Goniasteridae (Valvatida, Asteroidea) from Okinawa and adjacent regions" masterLastPageNumber="41" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="8" updateTime="1706269166562" updateUser="juliana" zenodo-license-document="CLOSED">
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<mods:title id="396BC26F6BC631EAC012665B5D99E76A">New Taxa and Occurrences of Mesophotic and Deep-sea Goniasteridae (Valvatida, Asteroidea) from Okinawa and adjacent regions</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="19F73C23F7823A0027F60CC8E6CADC1C">Mah, Christopher L.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="9788FC98272E3D0E5722C2929F303912">Department of Invertebrate Zoology, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, D. C. USA</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="300707B1103352E9BCE4DBA4DFC5F733">Kogure, Yoichi</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="402D698EC22C3F00A140367B9EFED72A">Fisheries Resources Institute, Japan Fisheries Research and Education Agency, 1 - 5939 - 22 Suido-cho, Chuo, Niigata, Niigata 951 - 8121, Japan</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:affiliation id="FDD589A8ABBE69660E5D8D01F8544DBD">Department of Zoology, National Museum of Nature and Science, 4 - 1 - 1 Amakubo, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305 - 0005, Japan</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="C774EE50D97C7FCDA324BA23B0028410" type="email">fujita@kahaku.go.jp</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:affiliation id="4B2275AA86A81C527092DB6F25656714">Okinawa Churaumi Aquarium, 424 Ishikawa, Motobu, Okinawa 905 - 0206, Japan</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="C8016350CBC0041AC6BBD0128CC002A5" type="email">t-higashiji@okichura.jp</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<taxonomicName id="5D914D59FFAFFFABFF0EF8F27D0E1304" ID-CoL="7P2TP" authority="Gray 1840" authorityName="Gray" authorityYear="1840" box="[151,381,1878,1905]" class="Asteroidea" family="Goniasteridae" genus="Fromia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
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<taxonomicName id="5D914D59FFAFFFABFF0EF8397DF813C7" ID-CoL="7P2TP" authority="Gray 1840: 286" authorityName="Gray" authorityPageNumber="286" authorityYear="1840" box="[151,395,1947,1971]" class="Asteroidea" family="Goniasteridae" genus="Fromia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="A8E5EAC8FFAFFFABFF0EF8397C9113C7" box="[151,226,1948,1971]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Fromia</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="FE004B2BFFAFFFABFF70F83E7DF813C7" author="Gray, J. E." box="[233,395,1947,1971]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" pagination="275 - 290" refId="ref18074" refString="Gray, J. E. (1840) XXXII. A synopsis of the genera and species of the class Hypostoma (Asterias, Linnaeus). Annals of the Magazine of Natural History, 6, 275 - 290. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 03745484009443296" type="journal article" year="1840">Gray 1840: 286</bibRefCitation>
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;
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<treatmentCitation id="1B3010CBFFAFFFABFE0CF83E7E3713C7" author="Fisher, W. K." box="[405,580,1947,1971]" page="373" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" year="1919">
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<bibRefCitation id="FE004B2BFFAFFFABFE0CF83E7E3713C7" author="Fisher, W. K." box="[405,580,1947,1971]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" pagination="1 - 547" refId="ref17900" refString="Fisher, W. K. (1919) Starfishes of the Philippine seas and adjacent waters. Bulletin of the United States National Museum, 3 (100), 1 - 547, 156 pls." type="journal article" year="1919">Fisher 1919: 373</bibRefCitation>
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; H.L.
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<treatmentCitation id="1B3010CBFFAFFFABFD1AF83E7F6E13C7" author="Clark, H. L." box="[643,797,1947,1971]" page="38" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" year="1921">
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<bibRefCitation id="FE004B2BFFAFFFABFD1AF83E7F6E13C7" author="Clark, H. L." box="[643,797,1947,1971]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" refId="ref17756" refString="Clark, H. L. (1921) The echinoderm fauna of Torres Strait: its composition and its origin. Carnegie Institution of Washington Publication No. 214. Department of Marine Biology of the Carnegie Institute. Vol. 10. Carnegie Institution of Washington, Washington, D. C., vi + 223 pp., 38 pls." type="book" year="1921">Clark 1921: 38</bibRefCitation>
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</treatmentCitation>
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;
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<treatmentCitation id="1B3010CBFFAFFFABFCB1F839785313C7" author="Rowe, F. W. E. & Gates, J." box="[808,1056,1947,1971]" page="81" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" year="1995">
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<bibRefCitation id="FE004B2BFFAFFFABFCB1F839785313C7" author="Rowe, F. W. E. & Gates, J." box="[808,1056,1947,1971]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" pagination="1 - 510" refId="ref20673" refString="Rowe, F. W. E. & Gates, J. (1995) Echinodermata. In: Wells, A. (Ed.), Zoological Catalogue of Australia 33. CSIRO, Melbourne, pp. 1 - 510." type="book chapter" year="1995">Rowe & Gates 1995: 81</bibRefCitation>
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</treatmentCitation>
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;
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<treatmentCitation id="1B3010CBFFAFFFABFBB3F83E796813C7" author="Mah, C. L. & Foltz, D. W." box="[1066,1307,1947,1971]" page="771" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" year="2011">
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<bibRefCitation id="FE004B2BFFAFFFABFBB3F83E796813C7" author="Mah, C. L. & Foltz, D. W." box="[1066,1307,1947,1971]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" pagination="769 - 788" refId="ref19821" refString="Mah, C. L. & Foltz, D. W. (2011) Molecular Phylogeny of the Valvatacea (Asteroidea, Echinodermata). Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society, 161, 769 - 788. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1096 - 3642.2010.00659. x" type="journal article" year="2011">Mah & Foltz 2011: 771</bibRefCitation>
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, 779, 782
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="BA8111F4FFAFFFABFF0EF81F7EA413A6" box="[151,727,1978,2002]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
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<treatmentCitation id="1B3010CBFFAFFFABFF0EF81F7DAB13A6" author="Clark, A. M." box="[151,472,1978,2002]" page="193" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" year="1967">
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<taxonomicName id="5D914D59FFAFFFABFF0EF81F7DAB13A6" ID-CoL="BF2WR" authority="A. M. Clark 1967: 193" authorityName="A. M. Clark" authorityPageNumber="193" authorityYear="1967" box="[151,472,1978,2002]" class="Asteroidea" family="Goniasteridae" genus="Celerina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="A8E5EAC8FFAFFFABFF0EF81F7C8313A6" box="[151,240,1978,2002]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Celerina</emphasis>
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A.M.
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<bibRefCitation id="FE004B2BFFAFFFABFEA8F81F7DAB13A6" author="Clark, A. M." box="[305,472,1978,2002]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" pagination="169 - 198" refId="ref17471" refString="Clark, A. M. (1967) Notes on asteroids in the British Museum (Natural History) V. Nardoa and some other ophidiasterids. Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History), Zoology, 15 (4), 169 - 198. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. part. 27517" type="journal article" year="1967">Clark 1967: 193</bibRefCitation>
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;
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<treatmentCitation id="1B3010CBFFAFFFABFE7AF81F7EA413A6" author="Rowe, F. W. E. & Gates, J." box="[483,727,1978,2002]" page="80" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" year="1995">
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<bibRefCitation id="FE004B2BFFAFFFABFE7AF81F7EA413A6" author="Rowe, F. W. E. & Gates, J." box="[483,727,1978,2002]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" pagination="1 - 510" refId="ref20673" refString="Rowe, F. W. E. & Gates, J. (1995) Echinodermata. In: Wells, A. (Ed.), Zoological Catalogue of Australia 33. CSIRO, Melbourne, pp. 1 - 510." type="book chapter" year="1995">Rowe & Gates 1995: 80</bibRefCitation>
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<paragraph id="9A2E36DAFFAFFFABFF0EF87C7FDE1385" blockId="7.[151,1406,1947,2033]" box="[151,941,2008,2033]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="BA8111F4FFAFFFABFF0EF87C7FDE1385" box="[151,941,2008,2033]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
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<treatmentCitation id="1B3010CBFFAFFFABFF0EF87C7D811385" author="Clark, H. L." box="[151,498,2008,2033]" page="48" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" year="1921">
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<taxonomicName id="5D914D59FFAFFFABFF0EF87C7D811385" ID-CoL="BFDS7" authority="H. L. Clark 1921: 48" authorityName="H. L. Clark" authorityPageNumber="48" authorityYear="1921" box="[151,498,2008,2033]" class="Asteroidea" family="Goniasteridae" genus="Austrofromia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="A8E5EAC8FFAFFFABFF0EF87C7D6F1385" box="[151,284,2009,2033]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Austrofromia</emphasis>
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H.L.
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<bibRefCitation id="FE004B2BFFAFFFABFEC1F87D7D811385" author="Clark, H. L." box="[344,498,2008,2033]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" refId="ref17756" refString="Clark, H. L. (1921) The echinoderm fauna of Torres Strait: its composition and its origin. Carnegie Institution of Washington Publication No. 214. Department of Marine Biology of the Carnegie Institute. Vol. 10. Carnegie Institution of Washington, Washington, D. C., vi + 223 pp., 38 pls." type="book" year="1921">Clark 1921: 48</bibRefCitation>
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; Rowe 1989: 291;
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<treatmentCitation id="1B3010CBFFAFFFABFD2BF87C7FDA1385" author="Rowe, F. W. E. & Gates, J." box="[690,937,2008,2033]" page="81" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" year="1995">
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<bibRefCitation id="FE004B2BFFAFFFABFD2BF87C7FDA1385" author="Rowe, F. W. E. & Gates, J." box="[690,937,2008,2033]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" pagination="1 - 510" refId="ref20673" refString="Rowe, F. W. E. & Gates, J. (1995) Echinodermata. In: Wells, A. (Ed.), Zoological Catalogue of Australia 33. CSIRO, Melbourne, pp. 1 - 510." type="book chapter" year="1995">Rowe & Gates 1995: 81</bibRefCitation>
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</treatmentCitation>
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.
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<subSubSection id="D28B6551FFA0FFA4FF0EFF327F3015D9" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" type="diagnosis">
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<emphasis id="A8E5EAC8FFA0FFA4FF0EFF327D6314C5" bold="true" box="[151,272,151,177]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Diagnosis</emphasis>
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<paragraph id="9A2E36DAFFA0FFA4FF0EFF7A7F3015D9" blockId="8.[151,1436,223,430]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
|
||
Body strongly stellate (R/r=3.5–5.0), arms elongate, strap-like to triangular in shape. Interradial arcs acute. Arm rectangular in cross-section. Abactinal plates abutted, ranging ranging from flat to convex, covered with a distinct continuous granular cover. Marginal plates broadly quadrate in outline forming discrete frame around abactinallateral outline of body. Marginal plate surface covered by continuous granular cover. Actinal region small, with granule-covered surface. Papulae present at marginal and actinal plate contact. Furrow spines blunt, relatively few, with variable subambulacral armature. (based on
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="FE004B2BFFA0FFA4FD59FE367F4415D9" author="Mah, C. L." box="[704,823,403,429]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" pagination="1 - 116" refId="ref19491" refString="Mah, C. L. (2018) New genera, species and occurrence records of Goniasteridae (Asteroidea; Echinodermata) from the Indian Ocean. Zootaxa, 4539 (1), 1 - 116. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4539.1.1" type="journal article" year="2018">Mah 2018</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="D28B6551FFA0FFA4FF0EFE5A7DA6109E" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="9A2E36DAFFA0FFA4FF0EFE5A7D6D166D" blockId="8.[151,286,511,537]" box="[151,286,511,537]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
|
||
<heading id="C16681B6FFA0FFA4FF0EFE5A7D6D166D" bold="true" box="[151,286,511,537]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" reason="1">
|
||
<emphasis id="A8E5EAC8FFA0FFA4FF0EFE5A7D6D166D" bold="true" box="[151,286,511,537]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Comments</emphasis>
|
||
</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="9A2E36DAFFA0FFA4FF0EFDED7E2716DD" blockId="8.[151,1437,583,1258]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="5D914D59FFA0FFA4FF0EFDED7C991615" authorityName="Gray" authorityYear="1840" box="[151,234,584,609]" class="Asteroidea" family="Goniasteridae" genus="Fromia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="A8E5EAC8FFA0FFA4FF0EFDED7C991615" box="[151,234,584,609]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Fromia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
includes 16 species which distributed primarily throughout the Indo-Pacific with some species present across a broad range. Some species, such as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="5D914D59FFA0FFA4FDE7FDC97F5B16F1" baseAuthorityName="Perrier" baseAuthorityYear="1869" box="[638,808,619,645]" class="Asteroidea" family="Goniasteridae" genus="Fromia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="monilis">
|
||
<emphasis id="A8E5EAC8FFA0FFA4FDE7FDC97F5B16F1" box="[638,808,619,645]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Fromia monilis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, show widespread occurrence from the central and south Pacific to the far western Indian Ocean.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="9A2E36DAFFA0FFA4FF5EFD117E8D1761" blockId="8.[151,1437,583,1258]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
|
||
No Atlantic species are known.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="5D914D59FFA0FFA4FDADFD167EF616B9" authorityName="Gray" authorityYear="1840" box="[564,645,691,717]" class="Asteroidea" family="Goniasteridae" genus="Fromia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">Fromia</taxonomicName>
|
||
has been recorded from historically shallow, reef habitats (e.g.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="FE004B2BFFA0FFA4FAC7FD167D3C1685" author="Clark, A. M. & Rowe, F. W. E." pageId="8" pageNumber="9" refId="ref17578" refString="Clark, A. M. & Rowe, F. W. E. (1971) Monograph of Shallow-water Indo-West Pacific Echinoderms. British Museum (Natural History) Publications 690. British Museum (Natural History), London, ix + 238 pp., 31 pls." type="book" year="1971">Clark and Rowe, 1971</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, A.M.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="FE004B2BFFA0FFA4FE03FD727E681685" author="Clark, A. M." box="[410,539,727,753]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" pagination="187 - 366" refId="ref17534" refString="Clark, A. M. (1993) An index of names of recent Asteroidea. Part 2: Valvatida. E chinoderm Studies, 4, 187 - 366. https: // doi. org / 10.1201 / 9781003072553 - 4" type="journal article" year="1993">Clark 1993</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). However, more recent accounts have indicated mesophotic occurrence in some species, such as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="5D914D59FFA0FFA4FED6FD597D811761" baseAuthorityName="Lamarck" baseAuthorityYear="1816" box="[335,498,763,789]" class="Asteroidea" family="Goniasteridae" genus="Fromia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="milleporella">
|
||
<emphasis id="A8E5EAC8FFA0FFA4FED6FD597D811761" box="[335,498,763,789]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">F. milleporella</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in
|
||
<quantity id="5D699B3FFFA0FFA4FD8FFD5E7E181762" box="[534,619,763,790]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.3" metricValueMax="8.6" metricValueMin="0.0" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" unit="m" value="43.0" valueMax="86.0" valueMin="0.0">0–86 m</quantity>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="FE004B2BFFA0FFA4FDE0FD5E7E811761" author="Mah, C. L." box="[633,754,763,789]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" pagination="1 - 116" refId="ref19491" refString="Mah, C. L. (2018) New genera, species and occurrence records of Goniasteridae (Asteroidea; Echinodermata) from the Indian Ocean. Zootaxa, 4539 (1), 1 - 116. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4539.1.1" type="journal article" year="2018">Mah 2018</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="9A2E36DAFFA0FFA4FF5EFC857920172A" blockId="8.[151,1437,583,1258]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="5D914D59FFA0FFA4FF5EFC857D69174D" authorityName="Gray" authorityYear="1840" box="[199,282,800,825]" class="Asteroidea" family="Goniasteridae" genus="Fromia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="A8E5EAC8FFA0FFA4FF5EFC857D69174D" box="[199,282,800,825]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Fromia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
were historically placed within the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="5D914D59FFA0FFA4FD30FCBA7F29174D" authorityName="Verrill" authorityYear="1870" box="[681,858,799,825]" class="Asteroidea" family="Ophidiasteridae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="family">Ophidiasteridae</taxonomicName>
|
||
until molecular data clarified its position within the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="5D914D59FFA0FFA4FF0EFCE67E6D1729" authority="(Mah & Foltz 2011)" baseAuthorityName="Mah & Foltz" baseAuthorityYear="2011" box="[151,542,835,861]" class="Asteroidea" family="Goniasteridae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="family">
|
||
Goniasteridae (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="FE004B2BFFA0FFA4FED8FCE67E641729" author="Mah, C. L. & Foltz, D. W." box="[321,535,835,861]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" pagination="769 - 788" refId="ref19821" refString="Mah, C. L. & Foltz, D. W. (2011) Molecular Phylogeny of the Valvatacea (Asteroidea, Echinodermata). Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society, 161, 769 - 788. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1096 - 3642.2010.00659. x" type="journal article" year="2011">Mah & Foltz 2011</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. This revision also synonymized
|
||
<taxonomicName id="5D914D59FFA0FFA4FC0AFCE678C91729" authority="A. M. Clark 1967" authorityName="A. M. Clark" authorityYear="1967" box="[915,1210,835,861]" class="Asteroidea" family="Goniasteridae" genus="Celerina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="A8E5EAC8FFA0FFA4FC0AFCE67F861729" box="[915,1013,835,861]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Celerina</emphasis>
|
||
A.M.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="FE004B2BFFA0FFA4FBA5FCE678C91729" author="Clark, A. M." box="[1084,1210,835,861]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" pagination="169 - 198" refId="ref17471" refString="Clark, A. M. (1967) Notes on asteroids in the British Museum (Natural History) V. Nardoa and some other ophidiasterids. Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History), Zoology, 15 (4), 169 - 198. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. part. 27517" type="journal article" year="1967">Clark 1967</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="5D914D59FFA0FFA4FB60FCE1793F1729" authorityName="Gray" authorityYear="1840" box="[1273,1356,836,861]" class="Asteroidea" family="Goniasteridae" genus="Fromia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="A8E5EAC8FFA0FFA4FB60FCE1793F1729" box="[1273,1356,836,861]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Fromia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="9A2E36DAFFA0FFA4FF5EFCCD7ECC1799" blockId="8.[151,1437,583,1258]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
|
||
Many of the species terms for
|
||
<taxonomicName id="5D914D59FFA0FFA4FD87FCCD7E0217F5" authorityName="Gray" authorityYear="1840" box="[542,625,872,897]" class="Asteroidea" family="Goniasteridae" genus="Fromia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="A8E5EAC8FFA0FFA4FD87FCCD7E0217F5" box="[542,625,872,897]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Fromia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
either represent clusters of similar species or highly variable complexes within single highly variable species (e.g.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="5D914D59FFA0FFA4FD1FFC297F4617D1" baseAuthorityName="Perrier" baseAuthorityYear="1869" box="[646,821,907,933]" class="Asteroidea" family="Goniasteridae" genus="Fromia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="monilis">
|
||
<emphasis id="A8E5EAC8FFA0FFA4FD1FFC297F4617D1" box="[646,821,907,933]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Fromia monilis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
). Molecular data has done much to illustrate cryptic species complexes within described species (e.g.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="5D914D59FFA0FFA4FD23FC0A781517BD" authority=", Zulliger & Lessios, 2010" authorityName="Zulliger & Lessios" authorityYear="2010" box="[698,1126,943,970]" class="Asteroidea" family="Astropectinidae" genus="Astropecten" kingdom="Animalia" order="Paxillosida" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="A8E5EAC8FFA0FFA4FD23FC0A7F4C17BD" box="[698,831,943,969]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Astropecten</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="FE004B2BFFA0FFA4FCD5FC0A781517BD" author="Zulliger, D. & Lessios, H." box="[844,1126,943,969]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" pagination="1 - 19" refId="ref21412" refString="Zulliger, D. & Lessios, H. (2010) Phylogenetic relationships in the genus Astropecten Gray (Paxillosida: Astropectinidae) on a global scale: Molecular evidence for morphological convergence, species-complexes and possible cryptic speciation. Zootaxa, 2504 (1), 1 - 19. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 2504.1.1" type="journal article" year="2010">Zulliger & Lessios, 2010</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
). Broadly based revisionary work is needed for
|
||
<taxonomicName id="5D914D59FFA0FFA4FEF6FC717DB11799" authorityName="Gray" authorityYear="1840" box="[367,450,980,1005]" class="Asteroidea" family="Goniasteridae" genus="Fromia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="A8E5EAC8FFA0FFA4FEF6FC717DB11799" box="[367,450,980,1005]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Fromia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, see comments below.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="9A2E36DAFFA0FFA4FF5EFC527EC9102E" blockId="8.[151,1437,583,1258]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
|
||
Eight species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="5D914D59FFA0FFA4FE13FC5D7DAE1065" authorityName="Gray" authorityYear="1840" box="[394,477,1016,1041]" class="Asteroidea" family="Goniasteridae" genus="Fromia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="A8E5EAC8FFA0FFA4FE13FC5D7DAE1065" box="[394,477,1016,1041]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Fromia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are known from Japanese waters, six are recorded from mesophotic depths.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="FE004B2BFFA0FFA4FAC2FC5D7D2A1042" author="Rowe, F. W. E. & Gates, J." pageId="8" pageNumber="9" pagination="1 - 510" refId="ref20673" refString="Rowe, F. W. E. & Gates, J. (1995) Echinodermata. In: Wells, A. (Ed.), Zoological Catalogue of Australia 33. CSIRO, Melbourne, pp. 1 - 510." type="book chapter" year="1995">Rowe and Gates (1995)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
record the depth range of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="5D914D59FFA0FFA4FD1BFBB97F661041" baseAuthorityName="Perrier" baseAuthorityYear="1869" box="[642,789,1051,1077]" class="Asteroidea" family="Goniasteridae" genus="Fromia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="indic">
|
||
<emphasis id="A8E5EAC8FFA0FFA4FD1BFBB97F661041" box="[642,789,1051,1077]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Fromia indic</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
a
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="FE004B2BFFA0FFA4FCB1FBBE7FC71041" author="Perrier, E." box="[808,948,1051,1077]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" pagination="5 - 188" refId="ref20569" refString="Perrier, E. (1869) n. k. In: Recherche sur les pedicellaires et les ambulacres des asterides et des oursins. Theses presentees a la Faculte des Sciences de Paris pour obtenir le Grade de Docteur es Sciences Naturelles Victor Masson et fils, Paris, pp. 5 - 188, pls. 1 - 7. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 14144" type="book chapter" year="1869">Perrier 1869</bibRefCitation>
|
||
as
|
||
<quantity id="5D699B3FFFA0FFA4FC43FBBE78421042" box="[986,1073,1051,1078]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.2" metricValueMax="4.4" metricValueMin="0.0" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" unit="m" value="22.0" valueMax="44.0" valueMin="0.0">0–44 m</quantity>
|
||
, suggesting that it also might be present at mesophotic depths in Japanese waters.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="9A2E36DAFFA0FFA4FF5EFBC17DA6109E" blockId="8.[151,1437,583,1258]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="5D914D59FFA0FFA4FF5EFBC17D691009" authorityName="Gray" authorityYear="1840" box="[199,282,1124,1149]" class="Asteroidea" family="Goniasteridae" genus="Fromia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="A8E5EAC8FFA0FFA4FF5EFBC17D691009" box="[199,282,1124,1149]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Fromia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
’s recent placement in the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="5D914D59FFA0FFA4FDC6FBC67E881009" baseAuthorityName="Mah & Foltz" baseAuthorityYear="2011" box="[607,763,1123,1149]" class="Asteroidea" family="Goniasteridae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="family">Goniasteridae</taxonomicName>
|
||
precludes any clear historical affinities with established goniasterid genera.However
|
||
<taxonomicName id="5D914D59FFA0FFA4FE4FFB2D7E5A10D5" authorityName="Gray" authorityYear="1840" box="[470,553,1160,1185]" class="Asteroidea" family="Goniasteridae" genus="Fromia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="A8E5EAC8FFA0FFA4FE4FFB2D7E5A10D5" box="[470,553,1160,1185]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Fromia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
does demonstrate morphological affinities with goniasterid-like
|
||
<taxonomicName id="5D914D59FFA0FFA4FB7DFB2279EB10D5" authorityName="Verrill" authorityYear="1870" box="[1252,1432,1159,1185]" class="Asteroidea" family="Ophidiasteridae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="family">Ophidiasteridae</taxonomicName>
|
||
, such as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="5D914D59FFA0FFA4FF76FB097D2A10B1" authorityName="Gray" authorityYear="1840" box="[239,345,1196,1221]" class="Asteroidea" family="Ophidiasteridae" genus="Narcissia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="A8E5EAC8FFA0FFA4FF76FB097D2A10B1" box="[239,345,1196,1221]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Narcissia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, which at small sizes shows a distinct peripheral marginal series and abutted abactinal plates with a continuous granular cover.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |