163 lines
13 KiB
XML
163 lines
13 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/jhr.29.3233" ID-GBIF-Taxon="182248820" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1314-2607-29-119" ID-Pensoft-UUID="8A1E6B141E16FFE08975FF947D4D2C48" ID-Zenodo-Dep="574791" ID-ZooBank="6DFF2FB88D22453D9EA66A5083057891" ModsDocID="1314-2607-29-119" checkinTime="1621552717034" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Smith, David R., Janzen, Daniel H., Hallwachs, Winnie & Smith, M. Alexander" docDate="2012" docId="0FA4945D5AD63D3EA59D318ABD77337C" docLanguage="en" docOrigin="Journal of Hymenoptera Research 29" docPubDate="2012-10-15" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/jhr.29.3233" docTitle="Trigonalys maculifrons Sharp" docType="treatment" docVersion="2" id="8A1E6B141E16FFE08975FF947D4D2C48" lastPageId="15" lastPageNumber="134" masterDocId="8A1E6B141E16FFE08975FF947D4D2C48" masterDocTitle="Hyperparasitoid wasps (Hymenoptera, Trigonalidae) reared from dry forest and rain forest caterpillars of Area de Conservacion Guanacaste, Costa Rica" masterLastPageNumber="144" masterPageNumber="119" pageId="14" pageNumber="133" updateTime="1643543006707" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>Hyperparasitoid wasps (Hymenoptera, Trigonalidae) reared from dry forest and rain forest caterpillars of Area de Conservacion Guanacaste, Costa Rica</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Smith, David R.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>Systematic Entomology Laboratory, PSI, Agricultural Research Service, U. S. Department of Agriculture, c / o National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, P. O. Box 37012, MRC 168, Washington, DC, 20013 - 7012, USA</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier type="email">sawfly2@aol.com</mods:nameIdentifier>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Janzen, Daniel H.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>Department of Biology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Hallwachs, Winnie</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>Department of Biology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Smith, M. Alexander</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>Department of Integrative Biology & The Biodiversity Institute of Ontario, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada N 1 G 2 W 1</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:relatedItem type="host">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>Journal of Hymenoptera Research</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part>
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<mods:date>2012</mods:date>
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<mods:detail type="pubDate">
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<mods:number>2012-10-15</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:detail type="volume">
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<mods:number>29</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:extent unit="page">
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<mods:start>119</mods:start>
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<mods:end>144</mods:end>
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</mods:extent>
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</mods:part>
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</mods:relatedItem>
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<mods:location>
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<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/jhr.29.3233</mods:url>
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</mods:location>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/jhr.29.3233</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1314-2607-29-119</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="ZooBank">6DFF2FB88D22453D9EA66A5083057891</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-UUID">8A1E6B141E16FFE08975FF947D4D2C48</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Zenodo-Dep">574791</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="182248820" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:0FA4945D5AD63D3EA59D318ABD77337C" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/0FA4945D5AD63D3EA59D318ABD77337C" lastPageId="15" lastPageNumber="134" pageId="14" pageNumber="133">
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<subSubSection pageId="14" pageNumber="133" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph pageId="14" pageNumber="133">
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<taxonomicName LSID="http://species-id.net/wiki/Trigonalys_maculifrons" authority="Sharp" authorityName="Sharp" class="Insecta" family="Trigonalidae" genus="Trigonalys" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Trigonalys maculifrons" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="133" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="maculifrons">Trigonalys maculifrons Sharp</taxonomicName>
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 23" captionStartId="F9" captionText="Figure 23. Trigonalys maculifrons, female, dorsal view." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/11568" pageId="14" pageNumber="133">Figure 23</figureCitation>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="14" pageNumber="133" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph pageId="14" pageNumber="133">
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Trigonalidae" genus="Trigonalys" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="133" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="maculifrons">Trigonalys maculifrons</taxonomicName>
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<bibRefCitation author="Sharp, D" editor="Harmer, SF" journalOrPublisher="MacMillan & Co., London" pageId="17" pageNumber="136" pagination="83 - 584" refId="B25" refString="Sharp, D, 1895. Insects. In: Harmer, SF, Shipley, AE, Eds., Cambridge Natural History, Vol. 5. MacMillan & Co., London: 83 - 584" title="Insects." volumeTitle="Cambridge Natural History, Vol. 5." year="1895">Sharp 1895</bibRefCitation>
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: 564, fig. 371.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="14" pageNumber="133" type="discussion">
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<paragraph pageId="14" pageNumber="133">Discussion.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="14" pageNumber="133">
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This species is mostly yellow with various black maculations on the head and body (
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 23" captionStartId="F9" captionText="Figure 23. Trigonalys maculifrons, female, dorsal view." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/11568" pageId="14" pageNumber="133">Fig. 23</figureCitation>
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). The specimens reared from Costa Rica resemble this species with very similar black markings on the head and mesosoma. The black on the metasoma, however, differs. It is possible this is species-level variation, but we do not have enough specimens to evaluate this, and it does not seem to justify the description of a new species.
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Trigonalidae" genus="Trigonalys" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="133" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="flavescens">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="133">Trigonalys flavescens</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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Bischoff 1951, described from Mexico, is similar, but it differs by the more weakly striped metasoma and lack of a triangular mark at the top of the gena.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="14" pageNumber="133">
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As explained by
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<bibRefCitation author="Carmean, D" journalOrPublisher="Systematic Entomology" pageId="16" pageNumber="135" pagination="35 - 76" publicationUrl="10.1046/j.1365-3113.1998.00042.x" refId="B7" refString="Carmean, D, Kimsey, L, 1998. Phylogenetic revision of the parasitoid wasp family Trigonalidae (Hymenoptera). Systematic Entomology 23: 35 - 76, 10.1046/j.1365-3113.1998.00042.x" title="Phylogenetic revision of the parasitoid wasp family Trigonalidae (Hymenoptera)." url="10.1046/j.1365-3113.1998.00042.x" volume="23" year="1998">Carmean and Kimsey (1998)</bibRefCitation>
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,
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<bibRefCitation author="Sharp, D" editor="Harmer, SF" journalOrPublisher="MacMillan & Co., London" pageId="17" pageNumber="136" pagination="83 - 584" refId="B25" refString="Sharp, D, 1895. Insects. In: Harmer, SF, Shipley, AE, Eds., Cambridge Natural History, Vol. 5. MacMillan & Co., London: 83 - 584" title="Insects." volumeTitle="Cambridge Natural History, Vol. 5." year="1895">Sharp (1895)</bibRefCitation>
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illustrated
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Trigonalidae" genus="Trigonalys" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="133" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="maculifrons">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="133">Trigonalys maculifrons</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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with the caption "
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Trigonalidae" genus="Trigonalys" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="133" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="maculifrons">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="133">Trigonalys maculifrons</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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Cam., i.l. Mexico" prior to
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Cameron’s">Cameron's</normalizedToken>
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(1897) description of the species. The illustration clearly depicts the holotype specimen described in Cameron, and Sharp is therefore the author of the species.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="14" pageNumber="133">
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The
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Trigonalidae" genus="Trigonalys" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="133" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="maculifrons">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="133">Trigonalys maculifrons</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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DNA barcode is 13-17% different from other ACG
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Cresson" authorityYear="1887" class="Hexapoda" family="Trigonalidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="133" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Trigonalidae</taxonomicName>
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.
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</paragraph>
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<caption httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/11568" pageId="14" pageNumber="133" start="Figure 23" startId="F9">
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<paragraph pageId="14" pageNumber="133">
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="133">Figure 23.</emphasis>
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="133">Trigonalys maculifrons</emphasis>
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, female, dorsal view.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="14" pageNumber="133" type="distribution">
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<paragraph pageId="14" pageNumber="133">Distribution.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="14" pageNumber="133">
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Costa Rica, Guatemala, Honduras, Mexico (
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<bibRefCitation author="Carmean, D" journalOrPublisher="Systematic Entomology" pageId="16" pageNumber="135" pagination="35 - 76" publicationUrl="10.1046/j.1365-3113.1998.00042.x" refId="B7" refString="Carmean, D, Kimsey, L, 1998. Phylogenetic revision of the parasitoid wasp family Trigonalidae (Hymenoptera). Systematic Entomology 23: 35 - 76, 10.1046/j.1365-3113.1998.00042.x" title="Phylogenetic revision of the parasitoid wasp family Trigonalidae (Hymenoptera)." url="10.1046/j.1365-3113.1998.00042.x" volume="23" year="1998">Carmean and Kimsey 1998</bibRefCitation>
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).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="15" pageNumber="134" type="specimens examined">
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<paragraph pageId="15" pageNumber="134">
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<pageBreakToken pageId="15" pageNumber="134" start="start">Specimens</pageBreakToken>
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examined.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="15" pageNumber="134">4; 4 DNA barcoded. Deposited in USNM, INBio.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="15" pageNumber="134" type="hosts and biology">
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<paragraph pageId="15" pageNumber="134">Hosts and biology.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="15" pageNumber="134">
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This striking species has been reared just three times, all in 2001 and in ACG dry forest (Sector Santa Rosa), from caterpillars of
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Grote" authorityYear="1866" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Euscirrhopterus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="134" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="poeyi">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="134">Euscirrhopterus poeyi</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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Grote (
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="134" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Noctuidae</taxonomicName>
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) feeding on
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<taxonomicName class="Dicotyledoneae" family="Nyctaginaceae" genus="Pisonia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Centrospermae" pageId="15" pageNumber="134" phylum="Angiospermae" rank="species" species="aculeata">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="134">Pisonia aculeata</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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L. (
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<taxonomicName genus="Nyctaginaceae" lsidName="" pageId="15" pageNumber="134" rank="genus">Nyctaginaceae</taxonomicName>
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) and primary parasitized by
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Robineau-Desvoidy" authorityYear="1863" class="Insecta" family="Tachinidae" genus="Lespesia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Diptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="134" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="134">Lespesia</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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posticaDHJ01 (
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Tachinidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Diptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="134" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Tachinidae</taxonomicName>
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).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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</treatment>
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</document> |