475 lines
52 KiB
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475 lines
52 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zse.99.99285" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1860-0743-1-209" ID-Pensoft-UUID="7DA1DD5663B55967B79AE06236C8470F" ID-ZooBank="E4E1732509284FF983FD67EAEB964128" ModsDocID="1860-0743-99-1-209" checkinTime="1678428855914" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Caleb, John T. D., Parag, Ayush & Datta-Roy, Aniruddha" docDate="2023" docId="0F313982CA0C5DC597413B329A80AEBC" docLanguage="en" docName="ZoosystEvol 99(1): 209-216" docOrigin="Zoosystematics and Evolution 99 (1)" docPubDate="2023-03-09" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zse.99.99285" docTitle="Siler niser Caleb & Parag & Datta-Roy 2023, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docUuid="08C8AFAD-A46F-4330-99E3-28336877D588" docUuidSource="ZooBank" docVersion="1" id="7DA1DD5663B55967B79AE06236C8470F" lastPageNumber="209" masterDocId="7DA1DD5663B55967B79AE06236C8470F" masterDocTitle="A new species of the genus Siler Simon, 1889 (Araneae, Salticidae, Chrysillini) from India" masterLastPageNumber="216" masterPageNumber="209" pageNumber="209" updateTime="1678428855914" updateUser="pensoft">
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<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>A new species of the genus Siler Simon, 1889 (Araneae, Salticidae, Chrysillini) from India</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Caleb, John T. D.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9471-9467</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:affiliation>Department of Anatomy, Saveetha Medical College & Hospital, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Chennai 602503, Tamil Nadu, India.</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier type="email">caleb87woodgate@gmail.com</mods:nameIdentifier>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Parag, Ayush</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0368-7701</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:affiliation>School of Biological Sciences, National Institute of Science Education and Research, An OCC of Homi Bhabha National Institute, Khordha, Jatni 752050, Odisha, India</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Datta-Roy, Aniruddha</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5365-3318</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:affiliation>School of Biological Sciences, National Institute of Science Education and Research, An OCC of Homi Bhabha National Institute, Khordha, Jatni 752050, Odisha, India</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:relatedItem type="host">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>Zoosystematics and Evolution</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part>
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<mods:date>2023</mods:date>
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<mods:detail type="pubDate">
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<mods:number>2023-03-09</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:detail type="volume">
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<mods:number>99</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:detail type="issue">
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<mods:number>1</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:extent unit="page">
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<mods:start>209</mods:start>
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<mods:end>216</mods:end>
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</mods:extent>
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</mods:part>
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</mods:relatedItem>
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<mods:location>
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<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zse.99.99285</mods:url>
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</mods:location>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zse.99.99285</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1860-0743-1-209</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="ZooBank">E4E1732509284FF983FD67EAEB964128</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-UUID">7DA1DD5663B55967B79AE06236C8470F</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<subSection pageId="0" pageNumber="209" type="species description">
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<treatment LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:08C8AFAD-A46F-4330-99E3-28336877D588" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/0F313982CA0C5DC597413B329A80AEBC" lastPageNumber="209" pageId="0" pageNumber="209">
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="209" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="209">
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<taxonomicName LSID="https://zoobank.org/08C8AFAD-A46F-4330-99E3-28336877D588" authority="Caleb & Parag & Datta-Roy, 2023" authorityName="Caleb & Parag & Datta-Roy" authorityYear="2023" class="Arachnida" family="Salticidae" genus="Siler" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Siler niser" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="209" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="niser" status="sp. nov.">Siler niser</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel pageId="0" pageNumber="209">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="209" type="description">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="209">
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figure 1. General habitus of Siler niser sp. nov. A. Male habitus, dorsal view; B. Same, lateral view; C. Same, front view; D. Female habitus, dorsal view; E. Same, lateral view; F. Same, front view." figureDoi="10.3897/zse.99.99285.figure1" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/821824" pageId="0" pageNumber="209">Figs 1A-F</figureCitation>
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. Somatic and genital morphology of Siler niser sp. nov. A-F. Holotype male (ZSI-I / SP 40) A. Dorsal view; B. Ventral view; C. Lateral view; D. Front view; E. Left male palp, ventral view; F. Same, retrolateral view. G-L. Female paratype (ZSI-I / SP 41); G. Dorsal view; H. Ventral view; I. Lateral view; J. Front view; K. Epigyne, ventral view; L. Vulva, dorsal view. Scale bars: 2 mm (C, I); 1 mm (A, B, G, H, J); 0.5 mm (D); 0.2 mm (E, F, L); 0.1 mm (K)." figureDoi="10.3897/zse.99.99285.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/821825" pageId="0" pageNumber="209">, 2A-L</figureCitation>
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figure 3. Genital morphology of Siler niser sp. nov. A. Left male palp of holotype (ZSI-I / SP 40), ventral view; B. Same, retrolateral view; C. Epigyne of paratype (ZSI-I / SP 41), ventral view; D. Vulva, dorsal view. Scale bars: 0.2 mm (A, B, D); 0.1 mm (C)." figureDoi="10.3897/zse.99.99285.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/821826" pageId="0" pageNumber="209">, 3A-D</figureCitation>
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figure 4. Habitat photographs and type locality of Siler niser sp. nov. in NISER campus, Khordha, Odisha." figureDoi="10.3897/zse.99.99285.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/821827" pageId="0" pageNumber="209">, 4A, B</figureCitation>
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Figure 5. Map showing the current distribution of the genus Siler in India." figureDoi="10.3897/zse.99.99285.figure5" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/821828" pageId="0" pageNumber="209">, 5</figureCitation>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="209" type="type material">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="209">Type material.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="209">
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<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="209">Holotype</emphasis>
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♂ (ZSIC-I/SP 40) from India: Odisha, Bhubaneswar, Khordha, Jatani, NISER campus (
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<geoCoordinate degrees="20.16861" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="20.16861">20.16861°N</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate degrees="85.68493" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="85.68493">85.68493°E</geoCoordinate>
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), 46 m a.s.l., 06.v.2021, leg. A. Parag.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="209">
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<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="209">Paratypes</emphasis>
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: 4 ♀♀ (ZSIC-I/SP 41 to 44), data same as holotype, 05.v.2021.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="209" type="etymology">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="209">Etymology.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="209">The specific epithet is an acronym derived after the type locality, National Institute of Science Education and Research (NISER) campus from where the specimens were collected. The name is treated as a noun in apposition.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="209" type="suggested common name">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="209">Suggested common name.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="209">Glossy jumping spider.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="209" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="209">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="209">
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Caleb & Parag & Datta-Roy" authorityYear="2023" class="Arachnida" family="Salticidae" genus="Siler" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Siler niser" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="209" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="niser">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="209">Siler niser</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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sp. nov. resembles
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<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Simon" baseAuthorityYear="1901" class="Arachnida" family="Salticidae" genus="Siler" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Siler semiglaucus" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="209" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="semiglaucus">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="209">Siler semiglaucus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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(Simon, 1901) in general morphology and colour pattern (cf. Fig.
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figure 1. General habitus of Siler niser sp. nov. A. Male habitus, dorsal view; B. Same, lateral view; C. Same, front view; D. Female habitus, dorsal view; E. Same, lateral view; F. Same, front view." figureDoi="10.3897/zse.99.99285.figure1" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/821824" pageId="0" pageNumber="209">1A, B, D, E</figureCitation>
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with images 1a, b in
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<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.11609/JoTT.o4266.7701-3" author="Kulkarni, S" journalOrPublisher="Journal of Threatened Taxa" pageId="0" pageNumber="209" pagination="7701 - 7703" refId="B13" refString="Kulkarni, S, Joseph, S, 2015. First record of genus Siler Simon, 1889 (Araneae: Salticidae) from India. Journal of Threatened Taxa 7 (10): 7701 - 7703, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11609/JoTT.o4266.7701-3" title="First record of genus Siler Simon, 1889 (Araneae: Salticidae) from India." url="https://doi.org/10.11609/JoTT.o4266.7701-3" volume="7" year="2015">Kulkarni and Joseph (2015)</bibRefCitation>
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), but can be easily distinguished by the morphology of the copulatory organs which are rather most similar to
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<taxonomicName lsidName="S. cupreus" pageId="0" pageNumber="209" rank="species" species="cupreus">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="209">S. cupreus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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Simon, 1889 and
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<taxonomicName lsidName="S. severus" pageId="0" pageNumber="209" rank="species" species="severus">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="209">S. severus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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(Simon, 1901): male palp with short beak-like embolus (slender and needle-like in
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<taxonomicName lsidName="S. cupreus" pageId="0" pageNumber="209" rank="species" species="cupreus">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="209">S. cupreus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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and
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<taxonomicName lsidName="S. severus" pageId="0" pageNumber="209" rank="species" species="severus">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="209">S. severus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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); relatively smaller RTA (smallest of all congeners, remaining below the small retrolateral tegular lobe); RTA directed anteriad in ventral view, with pointed tip and broad base in retrolateral view, ventral margin vertical, dorsal margin gradually sloping, gently curved (RTA directed retrolaterally in ventral view, thick, relatively long reaching beyond the retrolateral tegular lobe and curved in
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<taxonomicName lsidName="S. cupreus" pageId="0" pageNumber="209" rank="species" species="cupreus">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="209">S. cupreus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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and
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<taxonomicName lsidName="S. severus" pageId="0" pageNumber="209" rank="species" species="severus">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="209">S. severus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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) (cf. Figs
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. Somatic and genital morphology of Siler niser sp. nov. A-F. Holotype male (ZSI-I / SP 40) A. Dorsal view; B. Ventral view; C. Lateral view; D. Front view; E. Left male palp, ventral view; F. Same, retrolateral view. G-L. Female paratype (ZSI-I / SP 41); G. Dorsal view; H. Ventral view; I. Lateral view; J. Front view; K. Epigyne, ventral view; L. Vulva, dorsal view. Scale bars: 2 mm (C, I); 1 mm (A, B, G, H, J); 0.5 mm (D); 0.2 mm (E, F, L); 0.1 mm (K)." figureDoi="10.3897/zse.99.99285.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/821825" pageId="0" pageNumber="209">2E, F</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figure 3. Genital morphology of Siler niser sp. nov. A. Left male palp of holotype (ZSI-I / SP 40), ventral view; B. Same, retrolateral view; C. Epigyne of paratype (ZSI-I / SP 41), ventral view; D. Vulva, dorsal view. Scale bars: 0.2 mm (A, B, D); 0.1 mm (C)." figureDoi="10.3897/zse.99.99285.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/821826" pageId="0" pageNumber="209">3A, B</figureCitation>
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with illustrations on pg. 133, 135 in
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<bibRefCitation author="Proszynski, J" journalOrPublisher="Zeszyty Naukowe Wyzszej Szkoly Rolniczo-Pedagogicznej w Siedlcach" pageId="0" pageNumber="209" pagination="1 - 177" refId="B17" refString="Proszynski, J, 1984. Atlas rysunkow diagnostycznych mniej znanych Salticidae (Araneae). Zeszyty Naukowe Wyzszej Szkoly Rolniczo-Pedagogicznej w Siedlcach 2: 1 - 177" title="Atlas rysunkow diagnostycznych mniej znanych Salticidae (Araneae)." volume="2" year="1984">
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Prószyński">Proszynski</normalizedToken>
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(1984)
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</bibRefCitation>
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, figs 246, 247 in
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<bibRefCitation author="Bohdanowicz, A" journalOrPublisher="Annales Zoologici, Warszawa" pageId="0" pageNumber="209" pagination="43 - 151" refId="B2" refString="Bohdanowicz, A, Proszynski, J, 1987. Systematic studies on East Palaearctic Salticidae (Araneae), IV. Salticidae of Japan. Annales Zoologici, Warszawa 41 (2): 43 - 151" title="Systematic studies on East Palaearctic Salticidae (Araneae), IV. Salticidae of Japan." volume="41" year="1987">
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Bohdanowicz and
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Prószyński">Proszynski</normalizedToken>
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(1987)
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</bibRefCitation>
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and figs 12, 13 in
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<bibRefCitation author="Proszynski, J" journalOrPublisher="Annales Zoologici, Warszawa" pageId="0" pageNumber="209" pagination="69 - 85" refId="B18" refString="Proszynski, J, 1985. On Siler, Silerella, Cyllobelus and Natta (Araneae, Salticidae). Annales Zoologici, Warszawa 39: 69 - 85" title="On Siler, Silerella, Cyllobelus and Natta (Araneae, Salticidae)." volume="39" year="1985">
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Prószyński">Proszynski</normalizedToken>
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(1985)
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</bibRefCitation>
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); females can be recognised by the short and bent copulatory ducts and globular spermathecae separated by more than their radius (copulatory ducts relatively longer, almost straight and copulatory openings closely placed along the median in
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<taxonomicName lsidName="S. cupreus" pageId="0" pageNumber="209" rank="species" species="cupreus">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="209">S. cupreus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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) (cf. Figs
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. Somatic and genital morphology of Siler niser sp. nov. A-F. Holotype male (ZSI-I / SP 40) A. Dorsal view; B. Ventral view; C. Lateral view; D. Front view; E. Left male palp, ventral view; F. Same, retrolateral view. G-L. Female paratype (ZSI-I / SP 41); G. Dorsal view; H. Ventral view; I. Lateral view; J. Front view; K. Epigyne, ventral view; L. Vulva, dorsal view. Scale bars: 2 mm (C, I); 1 mm (A, B, G, H, J); 0.5 mm (D); 0.2 mm (E, F, L); 0.1 mm (K)." figureDoi="10.3897/zse.99.99285.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/821825" pageId="0" pageNumber="209">2K, L</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figure 3. Genital morphology of Siler niser sp. nov. A. Left male palp of holotype (ZSI-I / SP 40), ventral view; B. Same, retrolateral view; C. Epigyne of paratype (ZSI-I / SP 41), ventral view; D. Vulva, dorsal view. Scale bars: 0.2 mm (A, B, D); 0.1 mm (C)." figureDoi="10.3897/zse.99.99285.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/821826" pageId="0" pageNumber="209">3C, D</figureCitation>
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with illustrations on pg. 134, 135 in
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Proszynski, J" journalOrPublisher="Zeszyty Naukowe Wyzszej Szkoly Rolniczo-Pedagogicznej w Siedlcach" pageId="0" pageNumber="209" pagination="1 - 177" refId="B17" refString="Proszynski, J, 1984. Atlas rysunkow diagnostycznych mniej znanych Salticidae (Araneae). Zeszyty Naukowe Wyzszej Szkoly Rolniczo-Pedagogicznej w Siedlcach 2: 1 - 177" title="Atlas rysunkow diagnostycznych mniej znanych Salticidae (Araneae)." volume="2" year="1984">
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Prószyński">Proszynski</normalizedToken>
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||
(1984)
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</bibRefCitation>
|
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and figs 249, 251 in
|
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<bibRefCitation author="Bohdanowicz, A" journalOrPublisher="Annales Zoologici, Warszawa" pageId="0" pageNumber="209" pagination="43 - 151" refId="B2" refString="Bohdanowicz, A, Proszynski, J, 1987. Systematic studies on East Palaearctic Salticidae (Araneae), IV. Salticidae of Japan. Annales Zoologici, Warszawa 41 (2): 43 - 151" title="Systematic studies on East Palaearctic Salticidae (Araneae), IV. Salticidae of Japan." volume="41" year="1987">
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Bohdanowicz and
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Prószyński">Proszynski</normalizedToken>
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(1987)
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</bibRefCitation>
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).
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</paragraph>
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<caption doi="10.3897/zse.99.99285.figure1" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/821824" pageId="0" pageNumber="209" start="Figure 1" startId="F1">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="209">
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="209">Figure 1.</emphasis>
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General habitus of
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Caleb & Parag & Datta-Roy" authorityYear="2023" class="Arachnida" family="Salticidae" genus="Siler" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Siler niser" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="209" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="niser">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="209">Siler niser</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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sp. nov.
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="209">A.</emphasis>
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Male habitus, dorsal view;
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="209">B.</emphasis>
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Same, lateral view;
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="209">C.</emphasis>
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Same, front view;
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="209">D.</emphasis>
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Female habitus, dorsal view;
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="209">E.</emphasis>
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Same, lateral view;
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="209">F.</emphasis>
|
||
Same, front view.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="209" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="209">Description.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="209">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="209">Male</emphasis>
|
||
(based on holotype ZSI-I/SP-40, colouration in alcohol) (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. Somatic and genital morphology of Siler niser sp. nov. A-F. Holotype male (ZSI-I / SP 40) A. Dorsal view; B. Ventral view; C. Lateral view; D. Front view; E. Left male palp, ventral view; F. Same, retrolateral view. G-L. Female paratype (ZSI-I / SP 41); G. Dorsal view; H. Ventral view; I. Lateral view; J. Front view; K. Epigyne, ventral view; L. Vulva, dorsal view. Scale bars: 2 mm (C, I); 1 mm (A, B, G, H, J); 0.5 mm (D); 0.2 mm (E, F, L); 0.1 mm (K)." figureDoi="10.3897/zse.99.99285.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/821825" pageId="0" pageNumber="209">2A-F</figureCitation>
|
||
): total length 4.10; carapace 1.97 long, 1.50 wide; abdomen 2.13 long, 1.19 wide. Carapace greenish-brown; lateral sides with broad red patch; outer rim of carapace lined by blue scales (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. Somatic and genital morphology of Siler niser sp. nov. A-F. Holotype male (ZSI-I / SP 40) A. Dorsal view; B. Ventral view; C. Lateral view; D. Front view; E. Left male palp, ventral view; F. Same, retrolateral view. G-L. Female paratype (ZSI-I / SP 41); G. Dorsal view; H. Ventral view; I. Lateral view; J. Front view; K. Epigyne, ventral view; L. Vulva, dorsal view. Scale bars: 2 mm (C, I); 1 mm (A, B, G, H, J); 0.5 mm (D); 0.2 mm (E, F, L); 0.1 mm (K)." figureDoi="10.3897/zse.99.99285.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/821825" pageId="0" pageNumber="209">2A</figureCitation>
|
||
). Anterior eyes surrounded by greyish-white orbital setae. Clypeus brown,
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="‘cheeks’">'cheeks'</normalizedToken>
|
||
covered with bluish hairs (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. Somatic and genital morphology of Siler niser sp. nov. A-F. Holotype male (ZSI-I / SP 40) A. Dorsal view; B. Ventral view; C. Lateral view; D. Front view; E. Left male palp, ventral view; F. Same, retrolateral view. G-L. Female paratype (ZSI-I / SP 41); G. Dorsal view; H. Ventral view; I. Lateral view; J. Front view; K. Epigyne, ventral view; L. Vulva, dorsal view. Scale bars: 2 mm (C, I); 1 mm (A, B, G, H, J); 0.5 mm (D); 0.2 mm (E, F, L); 0.1 mm (K)." figureDoi="10.3897/zse.99.99285.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/821825" pageId="0" pageNumber="209">2D</figureCitation>
|
||
). Eye measurements: AME 0.38, ALE 0.21, PME 0.07, PLE 0.19; AER 1.21; PER 1.34; EFL 0.95. Clypeus height 0.05. Sternum oval, yellowish-brown, covered with hairs; labium and maxillae brown (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. Somatic and genital morphology of Siler niser sp. nov. A-F. Holotype male (ZSI-I / SP 40) A. Dorsal view; B. Ventral view; C. Lateral view; D. Front view; E. Left male palp, ventral view; F. Same, retrolateral view. G-L. Female paratype (ZSI-I / SP 41); G. Dorsal view; H. Ventral view; I. Lateral view; J. Front view; K. Epigyne, ventral view; L. Vulva, dorsal view. Scale bars: 2 mm (C, I); 1 mm (A, B, G, H, J); 0.5 mm (D); 0.2 mm (E, F, L); 0.1 mm (K)." figureDoi="10.3897/zse.99.99285.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/821825" pageId="0" pageNumber="209">2B</figureCitation>
|
||
). Chelicerae brown with two promarginal teeth and one fissident retromarginal tooth. Abdomen with an anchor-shaped red marking in the anterior three quarters; four grey spots composed of metallic scales present in the anterior portion; lateral and posterior half dark grey, composed of iridescent scales; venter brown, covered with iridescent scales; light brown below the epigastric region (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. Somatic and genital morphology of Siler niser sp. nov. A-F. Holotype male (ZSI-I / SP 40) A. Dorsal view; B. Ventral view; C. Lateral view; D. Front view; E. Left male palp, ventral view; F. Same, retrolateral view. G-L. Female paratype (ZSI-I / SP 41); G. Dorsal view; H. Ventral view; I. Lateral view; J. Front view; K. Epigyne, ventral view; L. Vulva, dorsal view. Scale bars: 2 mm (C, I); 1 mm (A, B, G, H, J); 0.5 mm (D); 0.2 mm (E, F, L); 0.1 mm (K)." figureDoi="10.3897/zse.99.99285.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/821825" pageId="0" pageNumber="209">2A, B</figureCitation>
|
||
). Spinnerets yellowish-brown. Legs yellow with longitudinal brown streaks; leg I robust, brown, femur and patella with ventral fringe of dense black hairs, tibia with both ventral and dorsal fringe (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. Somatic and genital morphology of Siler niser sp. nov. A-F. Holotype male (ZSI-I / SP 40) A. Dorsal view; B. Ventral view; C. Lateral view; D. Front view; E. Left male palp, ventral view; F. Same, retrolateral view. G-L. Female paratype (ZSI-I / SP 41); G. Dorsal view; H. Ventral view; I. Lateral view; J. Front view; K. Epigyne, ventral view; L. Vulva, dorsal view. Scale bars: 2 mm (C, I); 1 mm (A, B, G, H, J); 0.5 mm (D); 0.2 mm (E, F, L); 0.1 mm (K)." figureDoi="10.3897/zse.99.99285.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/821825" pageId="0" pageNumber="209">2A-C</figureCitation>
|
||
). Leg measurements: I 4.87 (1.64, 0.73, 1.08, 0.87, 0.55); II 3.45 (1.08, 0.54, 0.72, 0.68, 0.43); III 3.97 (1.20, 0.52, 0.80, 0.93, 0.52); IV 5.36 (1.63, 0.62, 1.18, 1.36, 0.57). Leg formula 4132. Palp as shown in Figs
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. Somatic and genital morphology of Siler niser sp. nov. A-F. Holotype male (ZSI-I / SP 40) A. Dorsal view; B. Ventral view; C. Lateral view; D. Front view; E. Left male palp, ventral view; F. Same, retrolateral view. G-L. Female paratype (ZSI-I / SP 41); G. Dorsal view; H. Ventral view; I. Lateral view; J. Front view; K. Epigyne, ventral view; L. Vulva, dorsal view. Scale bars: 2 mm (C, I); 1 mm (A, B, G, H, J); 0.5 mm (D); 0.2 mm (E, F, L); 0.1 mm (K)." figureDoi="10.3897/zse.99.99285.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/821825" pageId="0" pageNumber="209">2E, F</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figure 3. Genital morphology of Siler niser sp. nov. A. Left male palp of holotype (ZSI-I / SP 40), ventral view; B. Same, retrolateral view; C. Epigyne of paratype (ZSI-I / SP 41), ventral view; D. Vulva, dorsal view. Scale bars: 0.2 mm (A, B, D); 0.1 mm (C)." figureDoi="10.3897/zse.99.99285.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/821826" pageId="0" pageNumber="209">3A, B</figureCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption doi="10.3897/zse.99.99285.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/821825" pageId="0" pageNumber="209" start="Figure 2" startId="F2">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="209">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="209">Figure 2.</emphasis>
|
||
Somatic and genital morphology of
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Caleb & Parag & Datta-Roy" authorityYear="2023" class="Arachnida" family="Salticidae" genus="Siler" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Siler niser" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="209" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="niser">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="209">Siler niser</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. nov.
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="209">A-F.</emphasis>
|
||
Holotype male (ZSI-I/SP 40)
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="209">A.</emphasis>
|
||
Dorsal view;
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="209">B.</emphasis>
|
||
Ventral view;
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="209">C.</emphasis>
|
||
Lateral view;
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="209">D.</emphasis>
|
||
Front view;
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="209">E.</emphasis>
|
||
Left male palp, ventral view;
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="209">F.</emphasis>
|
||
Same, retrolateral view.
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="209">G-L.</emphasis>
|
||
Female paratype (ZSI-I/SP 41);
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="209">G.</emphasis>
|
||
Dorsal view;
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="209">H.</emphasis>
|
||
Ventral view;
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="209">I.</emphasis>
|
||
Lateral view;
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="209">J.</emphasis>
|
||
Front view;
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="209">K.</emphasis>
|
||
Epigyne, ventral view;
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="209">L.</emphasis>
|
||
Vulva, dorsal view. Scale bars: 2 mm (
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="209">C, I</emphasis>
|
||
); 1 mm (
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="209">A, B, G, H, J</emphasis>
|
||
); 0.5 mm (
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="209">D</emphasis>
|
||
); 0.2 mm (
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="209">E, F, L</emphasis>
|
||
); 0.1 mm (
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="209">K</emphasis>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="209">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="209">Female</emphasis>
|
||
(ZSI-I/SP-41, colouration in alcohol) (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. Somatic and genital morphology of Siler niser sp. nov. A-F. Holotype male (ZSI-I / SP 40) A. Dorsal view; B. Ventral view; C. Lateral view; D. Front view; E. Left male palp, ventral view; F. Same, retrolateral view. G-L. Female paratype (ZSI-I / SP 41); G. Dorsal view; H. Ventral view; I. Lateral view; J. Front view; K. Epigyne, ventral view; L. Vulva, dorsal view. Scale bars: 2 mm (C, I); 1 mm (A, B, G, H, J); 0.5 mm (D); 0.2 mm (E, F, L); 0.1 mm (K)." figureDoi="10.3897/zse.99.99285.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/821825" pageId="0" pageNumber="209">2G-L</figureCitation>
|
||
). Total length 5.31; carapace 2.24 long, 1.69 wide; abdomen 3.07 long, 2.05 wide. Carapace brown; covered with black hairs; lateral margins covered with reddish hairs, outer rim lined by bluish-white hairs (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. Somatic and genital morphology of Siler niser sp. nov. A-F. Holotype male (ZSI-I / SP 40) A. Dorsal view; B. Ventral view; C. Lateral view; D. Front view; E. Left male palp, ventral view; F. Same, retrolateral view. G-L. Female paratype (ZSI-I / SP 41); G. Dorsal view; H. Ventral view; I. Lateral view; J. Front view; K. Epigyne, ventral view; L. Vulva, dorsal view. Scale bars: 2 mm (C, I); 1 mm (A, B, G, H, J); 0.5 mm (D); 0.2 mm (E, F, L); 0.1 mm (K)." figureDoi="10.3897/zse.99.99285.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/821825" pageId="0" pageNumber="209">2G</figureCitation>
|
||
). Anterior eyes surrounded by greyish-white orbital setae. Clypeus brown,
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="‘cheeks’">'cheeks'</normalizedToken>
|
||
covered with bluish hairs below ALEs (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. Somatic and genital morphology of Siler niser sp. nov. A-F. Holotype male (ZSI-I / SP 40) A. Dorsal view; B. Ventral view; C. Lateral view; D. Front view; E. Left male palp, ventral view; F. Same, retrolateral view. G-L. Female paratype (ZSI-I / SP 41); G. Dorsal view; H. Ventral view; I. Lateral view; J. Front view; K. Epigyne, ventral view; L. Vulva, dorsal view. Scale bars: 2 mm (C, I); 1 mm (A, B, G, H, J); 0.5 mm (D); 0.2 mm (E, F, L); 0.1 mm (K)." figureDoi="10.3897/zse.99.99285.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/821825" pageId="0" pageNumber="209">2J</figureCitation>
|
||
). Eye measurements: AME 0.40, ALE 0.24, PME 0.09, PLE 0.23; AER 1.33; PER 1.50; EFL 1.04. Clypeus height 0.02. Sternum oval, yellow; labium and maxillae brown, maxillae apically paler (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. Somatic and genital morphology of Siler niser sp. nov. A-F. Holotype male (ZSI-I / SP 40) A. Dorsal view; B. Ventral view; C. Lateral view; D. Front view; E. Left male palp, ventral view; F. Same, retrolateral view. G-L. Female paratype (ZSI-I / SP 41); G. Dorsal view; H. Ventral view; I. Lateral view; J. Front view; K. Epigyne, ventral view; L. Vulva, dorsal view. Scale bars: 2 mm (C, I); 1 mm (A, B, G, H, J); 0.5 mm (D); 0.2 mm (E, F, L); 0.1 mm (K)." figureDoi="10.3897/zse.99.99285.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/821825" pageId="0" pageNumber="209">2H</figureCitation>
|
||
). Chelicerae brown with two promarginal teeth and one fissident retromarginal tooth. Abdomen greyish-black with a median transverse black patch; venter yellow, lateral and posterior region brown (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. Somatic and genital morphology of Siler niser sp. nov. A-F. Holotype male (ZSI-I / SP 40) A. Dorsal view; B. Ventral view; C. Lateral view; D. Front view; E. Left male palp, ventral view; F. Same, retrolateral view. G-L. Female paratype (ZSI-I / SP 41); G. Dorsal view; H. Ventral view; I. Lateral view; J. Front view; K. Epigyne, ventral view; L. Vulva, dorsal view. Scale bars: 2 mm (C, I); 1 mm (A, B, G, H, J); 0.5 mm (D); 0.2 mm (E, F, L); 0.1 mm (K)." figureDoi="10.3897/zse.99.99285.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/821825" pageId="0" pageNumber="209">2G-I</figureCitation>
|
||
). Spinnerets brown. Legs brownish-yellow with longitudinal black stripes (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. Somatic and genital morphology of Siler niser sp. nov. A-F. Holotype male (ZSI-I / SP 40) A. Dorsal view; B. Ventral view; C. Lateral view; D. Front view; E. Left male palp, ventral view; F. Same, retrolateral view. G-L. Female paratype (ZSI-I / SP 41); G. Dorsal view; H. Ventral view; I. Lateral view; J. Front view; K. Epigyne, ventral view; L. Vulva, dorsal view. Scale bars: 2 mm (C, I); 1 mm (A, B, G, H, J); 0.5 mm (D); 0.2 mm (E, F, L); 0.1 mm (K)." figureDoi="10.3897/zse.99.99285.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/821825" pageId="0" pageNumber="209">2G, I</figureCitation>
|
||
). Leg measurements: I 4.30 (1.45, 0.77, 0.85, 0.76, 0.47); II 3.62 (1.18, 0.61, 0.69, 0.69, 0.45); III 4.13 (1.25, 0.62, 0.79, 0.99, 0.48); IV 5.59 (1.71, 0.72, 1.21, 1.40, 0.55). Leg formula 4132. Epigyne and vulva as shown in Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. Somatic and genital morphology of Siler niser sp. nov. A-F. Holotype male (ZSI-I / SP 40) A. Dorsal view; B. Ventral view; C. Lateral view; D. Front view; E. Left male palp, ventral view; F. Same, retrolateral view. G-L. Female paratype (ZSI-I / SP 41); G. Dorsal view; H. Ventral view; I. Lateral view; J. Front view; K. Epigyne, ventral view; L. Vulva, dorsal view. Scale bars: 2 mm (C, I); 1 mm (A, B, G, H, J); 0.5 mm (D); 0.2 mm (E, F, L); 0.1 mm (K)." figureDoi="10.3897/zse.99.99285.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/821825" pageId="0" pageNumber="209">2K, L</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figure 3. Genital morphology of Siler niser sp. nov. A. Left male palp of holotype (ZSI-I / SP 40), ventral view; B. Same, retrolateral view; C. Epigyne of paratype (ZSI-I / SP 41), ventral view; D. Vulva, dorsal view. Scale bars: 0.2 mm (A, B, D); 0.1 mm (C)." figureDoi="10.3897/zse.99.99285.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/821826" pageId="0" pageNumber="209">3C, D</figureCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption doi="10.3897/zse.99.99285.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/821826" pageId="0" pageNumber="209" start="Figure 3" startId="F3">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="209">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="209">Figure 3.</emphasis>
|
||
Genital morphology of
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Caleb & Parag & Datta-Roy" authorityYear="2023" class="Arachnida" family="Salticidae" genus="Siler" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Siler niser" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="209" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="niser">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="209">Siler niser</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. nov.
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="209">A.</emphasis>
|
||
Left male palp of holotype (ZSI-I/SP 40), ventral view;
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="209">B.</emphasis>
|
||
Same, retrolateral view;
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="209">C.</emphasis>
|
||
Epigyne of paratype (ZSI-I/SP 41), ventral view;
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="209">D.</emphasis>
|
||
Vulva, dorsal view. Scale bars: 0.2 mm (
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="209">A, B, D</emphasis>
|
||
); 0.1 mm (
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="209">C</emphasis>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="209" type="variation">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="209">Variation.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="209">Total length of females ranges from 5.31 to 6.88 (n = 4).</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="209" type="colour in life">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="209">Colour in life.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="209">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="209">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="209">Male</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
Carapace covered with a mixture of bluish and greenish scales; blue scales extending below the ALEs and running along the rim; lateral sides covered with a thick band of red scales (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figure 1. General habitus of Siler niser sp. nov. A. Male habitus, dorsal view; B. Same, lateral view; C. Same, front view; D. Female habitus, dorsal view; E. Same, lateral view; F. Same, front view." figureDoi="10.3897/zse.99.99285.figure1" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/821824" pageId="0" pageNumber="209">1A-C</figureCitation>
|
||
). Legs yellow brown with a few interspersed iridescent scales and dark brown longitudinal stripes; leg I dark brown with white proximal half of metatarsi and white tarsi. Palps brown, cymbium, tibia and patella covered with white hairs. Abdomen covered with iridescent scales along anterior, lateral and posterior regions; anterior half with a distinct pattern composed of a reddish anchor-shaped mark and four bright blue spots (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figure 1. General habitus of Siler niser sp. nov. A. Male habitus, dorsal view; B. Same, lateral view; C. Same, front view; D. Female habitus, dorsal view; E. Same, lateral view; F. Same, front view." figureDoi="10.3897/zse.99.99285.figure1" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/821824" pageId="0" pageNumber="209">1A-C</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="209">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="209">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="209">Female</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
Carapace covered with white and grey scales; lateral margins covered with reddish scales; outer rim covered with bluish-white scales. Legs yellow-brown with longitudinal dark brown and white stripes. Abdomen greyish with a similar, but incomplete pattern as seen in male; a median transverse red band sandwiched between two blue bands; anterior blue band discontinuous medially, posterior band broad and continuous (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figure 1. General habitus of Siler niser sp. nov. A. Male habitus, dorsal view; B. Same, lateral view; C. Same, front view; D. Female habitus, dorsal view; E. Same, lateral view; F. Same, front view." figureDoi="10.3897/zse.99.99285.figure1" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/821824" pageId="0" pageNumber="209">1D, E</figureCitation>
|
||
). In darker females, the red band is completely black, this perhaps occurring in older females when the scales are lost (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figure 1. General habitus of Siler niser sp. nov. A. Male habitus, dorsal view; B. Same, lateral view; C. Same, front view; D. Female habitus, dorsal view; E. Same, lateral view; F. Same, front view." figureDoi="10.3897/zse.99.99285.figure1" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/821824" pageId="0" pageNumber="209">1F</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="209" type="natural history">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="209">Natural history.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="209">
|
||
Specimens were found in acute vicinity of the ant
|
||
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Fabricius" baseAuthorityYear="1787" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Camponotus" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Camponotus compressus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="209" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="compressus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="209">Camponotus compressus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Individuals were myrmecophagic like
|
||
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Simon" baseAuthorityYear="1901" class="Arachnida" family="Salticidae" genus="Siler" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Siler semiglaucus" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="209" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="semiglaucus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="209">Siler semiglaucus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(confirmed through visual observations). Both sexes waved the first pair of legs in the air, perhaps mimicking the antennae of the ants (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figure 1. General habitus of Siler niser sp. nov. A. Male habitus, dorsal view; B. Same, lateral view; C. Same, front view; D. Female habitus, dorsal view; E. Same, lateral view; F. Same, front view." figureDoi="10.3897/zse.99.99285.figure1" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/821824" pageId="0" pageNumber="209">1B, F</figureCitation>
|
||
). This behaviour was observed both in the presence as well as in the absence of ants. Individuals were extremely agile and moved to the underside of leaves as soon as they detected any external movement. Specimens were collected from
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Lamiaceae" genus="Hyptis" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Hyptis suaveolens" order="Lamiales" pageId="0" pageNumber="209" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="suaveolens">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="209">Hyptis suaveolens</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Anacardiaceae" genus="Lannea" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Lannea coromandelica" order="Sapindales" pageId="0" pageNumber="209" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="coromandelica">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="209">Lannea coromandelica</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
seedling foliage, both about 2 feet (ca. 60 cm) above the ground, during the month of May. The average humidity during the collection period was 63% (range: 62% to 64%).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="209" type="threat status">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="209">Threat status.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="209">
|
||
The individuals of
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Caleb & Parag & Datta-Roy" authorityYear="2023" class="Arachnida" family="Salticidae" genus="Siler" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Siler niser" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="209" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="niser">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="209">Siler niser</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. nov. were collected from a grassland-shrubland type habitat (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figure 4. Habitat photographs and type locality of Siler niser sp. nov. in NISER campus, Khordha, Odisha." figureDoi="10.3897/zse.99.99285.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/821827" pageId="0" pageNumber="209">4A, B</figureCitation>
|
||
). These biomes are under threat as they are often labelled as unproductive and the biodiversity they harbour remains poorly documented (
|
||
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1111/btp.13062" author="Nerlekar, AN" journalOrPublisher="Biotropica" pageId="0" pageNumber="209" pagination="405 - 417" refId="B16" refString="Nerlekar, AN, Chorghe, AR, Dalavi, JV, Kusom, RK, Karuppusamy, S, Kamath, V, Pokar, R, Rengaian, G, Sardesai, MM, Kambale, SS, 2022. Exponential rise in the discovery of endemic plants underscores the need to conserve the Indian savannas. Biotropica 54 (2): 405 - 417, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/btp.13062" title="Exponential rise in the discovery of endemic plants underscores the need to conserve the Indian savannas." url="https://doi.org/10.1111/btp.13062" volume="54" year="2022">Nerlekar et al. 2022</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Since
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Caleb & Parag & Datta-Roy" authorityYear="2023" class="Arachnida" family="Salticidae" genus="Siler" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Siler niser" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="209" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="niser">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="209">Siler niser</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. nov. is known only from its type locality (Odisha, India), other possible locations of its occurrence are yet unknown. Due to lack of distributional data especially in grasslands where surveys are most often ignored, we categorise
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Caleb & Parag & Datta-Roy" authorityYear="2023" class="Arachnida" family="Salticidae" genus="Siler" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Siler niser" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="209" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="niser">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="209">Siler niser</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. nov. as data deficient.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption doi="10.3897/zse.99.99285.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/821827" pageId="0" pageNumber="209" start="Figure 4" startId="F4">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="209">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="209">Figure 4.</emphasis>
|
||
Habitat photographs and type locality of
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Caleb & Parag & Datta-Roy" authorityYear="2023" class="Arachnida" family="Salticidae" genus="Siler" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Siler niser" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="209" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="niser">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="209">Siler niser</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. nov. in NISER campus, Khordha, Odisha.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="209" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="209">Distribution.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="209">
|
||
Known only from the type locality (Odisha, India) (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Figure 5. Map showing the current distribution of the genus Siler in India." figureDoi="10.3897/zse.99.99285.figure5" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/821828" pageId="0" pageNumber="209">5</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption doi="10.3897/zse.99.99285.figure5" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/821828" pageId="0" pageNumber="209" start="Figure 5" startId="F5">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="209">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="209">Figure 5.</emphasis>
|
||
Map showing the current distribution of the genus
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Simon" authorityYear="1889" class="Arachnida" family="Salticidae" genus="Siler" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Siler" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="209" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="209">Siler</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in India.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="209" type="phylogeny">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="209">Phylogeny.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="209">
|
||
The best model of sequence evolution according to BIC was TRN+I+G. The obtained ML tree (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="F6" captionText="Figure 6. Maximum Likelihood tree of the genus Siler using an unpartitioned partial CO- 1 gene. The numbers near the nodes represent branch support values." figureDoi="10.3897/zse.99.99285.figure6" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/821829" pageId="0" pageNumber="209">6</figureCitation>
|
||
) was rooted using the branch leading to the two outgroup taxa. The new species was sister to a clade consisting of
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="S. collingwoodi" pageId="0" pageNumber="209" rank="species" species="collingwoodi">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="209">S. collingwoodi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="S. cupreus" pageId="0" pageNumber="209" rank="species" species="cupreus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="209">S. cupreus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="S. ruber" pageId="0" pageNumber="209" rank="species" species="ruber">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="209">S. ruber</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, albeit with low bootstrap support. The uncorrected p-distance within
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Simon" authorityYear="1889" class="Arachnida" family="Salticidae" genus="Siler" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Siler" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="209" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="209">Siler</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
species ranged from 1.3% to 7.4%.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption doi="10.3897/zse.99.99285.figure6" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/821829" pageId="0" pageNumber="209" start="Figure 6" startId="F6">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="209">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="209">Figure 6.</emphasis>
|
||
Maximum Likelihood tree of the genus
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Simon" authorityYear="1889" class="Arachnida" family="Salticidae" genus="Siler" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Siler" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="209" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="209">Siler</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
using an unpartitioned partial CO-1 gene. The numbers near the nodes represent branch support values.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="209">
|
||
The new species was also morphologically different from all other congeners with a suite of morphological characters as described above. The members of the population we collected from Odisha State, India share characters like the body covered with iridescent scales, abdomen with transverse banding pattern and spots, tibia I in males with typical dense bottle brush-like setae, male palp with elongated bulbus and flattened, spatulate RTA, female with simple rounded epigyne and short copulatory ducts (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Proszynski, J" journalOrPublisher="Annales Zoologici, Warszawa" pageId="0" pageNumber="209" pagination="69 - 85" refId="B18" refString="Proszynski, J, 1985. On Siler, Silerella, Cyllobelus and Natta (Araneae, Salticidae). Annales Zoologici, Warszawa 39: 69 - 85" title="On Siler, Silerella, Cyllobelus and Natta (Araneae, Salticidae)." volume="39" year="1985">
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Prószyński">Proszynski</normalizedToken>
|
||
1985
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Zabka, M" journalOrPublisher="Annales Zoologici, Warszawa" pageId="0" pageNumber="209" pagination="197 - 485" refId="B29" refString="Zabka, M, 1985. Systematic and zoogeographic study on the family Salticidae (Araneae) from Viet-Nam. Annales Zoologici, Warszawa 39: 197 - 485" title="Systematic and zoogeographic study on the family Salticidae (Araneae) from Viet-Nam." volume="39" year="1985">
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Żabka">Zabka</normalizedToken>
|
||
1985
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) with congeners, but are distinct both morphologically and phylogenetically. Therefore, we use the general lineage concept in order to delineate this population as a new species (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="de Quiroz, K" journalOrPublisher="The Journal of Arachnology" pageId="0" pageNumber="209" refId="B6" refString="de Quiroz, K, 1998. The general lineage concept of species, species criteria and the process of speciation: a conceptual unification and terminological recommendations. In: Howard DJ, Berlocher SH (Eds) Endless forms: Species and speciation, Oxford University Press, New York, 57-75." title="The general lineage concept of species, species criteria and the process of speciation: a conceptual unification and terminological recommendations. In: Howard DJ, Berlocher SH (Eds) Endless forms: Species and speciation, Oxford University Press, New York, 57 - 75." year="1998">de Quiroz 1998</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</subSection>
|
||
</document> |