269 lines
29 KiB
XML
269 lines
29 KiB
XML
<document id="05839C161911EB186F1CDA0EEBD2F86A" ID-CLB-Dataset="198845" ID-DOI="10.11646/phytotaxa.574.3.1" ID-GBIF-Dataset="350315c7-bca0-4eac-a4cb-379a6481a6b8" ID-ISSN="1179-3163" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7380966" IM.illustrations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1669806870762" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Marcano, Vicente" docDate="2022" docId="6E2A87A9F420FFDEC1FCFDEBFAE2EC57" docLanguage="en" docName="phytotaxa.574.3.1.pdf" docOrigin="Phytotaxa 574 (3)" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.574.3.1" docStyle="DocumentStyle:96748F8F1B6C902996E134952A3A36B9.7:Phytotaxa.2014-.journal_article" docStyleId="96748F8F1B6C902996E134952A3A36B9" docStyleName="Phytotaxa.2014-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="7" docTitle="Dictyonema subinvolutum V. Marcano 2022, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docVersion="5" lastPageNumber="215" masterDocId="9213FFD1F430FFCEC174FFC1FF85E47B" masterDocTitle="Eight new species of lichenized Basidiomycota in the genera Acantholichen, Cyphellostereum and Dictyonema s. str. (Agaricales, Hygrophoraceae) from northern South America" masterLastPageNumber="225" masterPageNumber="199" pageNumber="215" updateTime="1699412310097" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-figures="UNSPECIFIED" zenodo-license-treatments="UNSPECIFIED">
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<mods:mods id="2191EB7909EAC8611B76DEFAAB4B323C" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo id="613DA5FD6320E1E130EF89D8E4FA4250">
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<mods:title id="775C4BA0A5C918DFDA44E3520A4E5001">Eight new species of lichenized Basidiomycota in the genera Acantholichen, Cyphellostereum and Dictyonema s. str. (Agaricales, Hygrophoraceae) from northern South America</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name id="D866914675EF21F7463CE860D8C7CB3B" type="personal">
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<mods:role id="79BBBA19EE742DA4DC3A72F8BE10A470">
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<mods:roleTerm id="90F98F63C5D68AB907C0A48E49ECA686">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart id="752F48D1903A0448C29C9DE8EED7270E">Marcano, Vicente</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="58CD6142F136272F18A882342EEE2604" type="ORCID">0000-0002-0068-6642</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:affiliation id="5537A1E9285540225D63A1835CF9B263">Laboratorio de Biología Evolutiva y de Organismos Extremos, Grupo de Ciencias Atmosféricas y el Espacio, Facultad de Ciencias & Biological Station “ Vicente Marcano ”, Kailasha Organization, Sierra Nevada National Park, Raiz de Agua Road, Mérida, Venezuela. vicente. marcano @ gmail. com, https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0002 - 0068 - 6642</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="9845031EC3386D525247C2D4D6B9EAC8">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:titleInfo id="82FB521D5EF72473460C7E40E8ED86C0">
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<mods:title id="A22BCA201B8163F08918C275461D2A41">Phytotaxa</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part id="BBD6ADE592D6BE8F226A69DADC13902A">
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<mods:date id="755A2C088A0ADF45CA4CBBEE636D4545">2022</mods:date>
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<mods:detail id="E96B78C5E36FA99D46B2315CA89AEA53" type="pubDate">
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<mods:number id="18E3B52944F6A5C2999B15ADBC8203A6">2022-11-30</mods:number>
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<mods:detail id="7C88B183219D128B802CE18586E0B316" type="volume">
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<mods:number id="B5C4BEC6D6B2961F1414A46AFE5E75D3">574</mods:number>
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<mods:detail id="784E3286F1FD89A39F324C357D15B39D" type="issue">
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<mods:number id="67D1AFA2B9A745A9992A27271A600D4E">3</mods:number>
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<mods:location id="84ABE5EE1AE7A8A7A35DA13F743274FD">
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<mods:url id="D7C8A2B75950A1CEF7B76B257F93467D">http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.574.3.1</mods:url>
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</mods:location>
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<mods:classification id="9AD9D5BF5456EF8CE26C0896F003F832">journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="63003E75672C911407B31BF2FC82DA92" type="CLB-Dataset">198845</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="E33F368FA54B574BB8C50498EA739AE3" type="DOI">10.11646/phytotaxa.574.3.1</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="2C7FE8B11C1E945E92FAFF521B17F04B" type="GBIF-Dataset">350315c7-bca0-4eac-a4cb-379a6481a6b8</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="AA340C6BE859224C67EFC58F2417D0B9" type="ISSN">1179-3163</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="484A3B95865568793A1376C2B3A81D72" type="Zenodo-Dep">7380966</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment id="6E2A87A9F420FFDEC1FCFDEBFAE2EC57" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7386644" ID-GBIF-Taxon="205351368" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7386644" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:6E2A87A9F420FFDEC1FCFDEBFAE2EC57" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/6E2A87A9F420FFDEC1FCFDEBFAE2EC57" lastPageNumber="215" pageId="16" pageNumber="215">
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<subSubSection id="AE996534F420FFDEC1FCFDEBFCB4E63F" box="[136,817,554,581]" pageId="16" pageNumber="215" type="nomenclature">
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||
<paragraph id="E63C36BFF420FFDEC1FCFDEBFCB4E63F" blockId="16.[136,817,554,616]" box="[136,817,554,581]" pageId="16" pageNumber="215">
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6)
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<taxonomicName id="21834D3CF420FFDEC1D2FDEBFDEDE63F" ID-CoL="B2X6G" authority="V. Marcano" authorityName="V. Marcano" authorityYear="2022" box="[166,616,554,581]" class="Agaricomycetes" family="Hygrophoraceae" genus="Dictyonema" kingdom="Fungi" order="Agaricales" pageId="16" pageNumber="215" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="species" species="subinvolutum" status="sp. nov.">
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<emphasis id="D4F7EAADF420FFDEC1D2FDEBFDEDE63F" bold="true" box="[166,616,554,581]" pageId="16" pageNumber="215">
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<emphasis id="D4F7EAADF420FFDEC1D2FDEBFE52E63E" bold="true" box="[166,471,554,581]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="215">Dictyonema subinvolutum</emphasis>
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V. Marcano
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</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="CFC457D6F420FFDEC302FDEAFD4BE63E" box="[630,718,555,581]" pageId="16" pageNumber="215" rank="species">
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<emphasis id="D4F7EAADF420FFDEC302FDEAFD42E63E" bold="true" box="[630,711,555,581]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="215">sp. nov</emphasis>
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.
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</taxonomicNameLabel>
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; (
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<figureCitation id="7EB82A3AF420FFDEC391FDEBFCACE63F" box="[741,809,554,580]" captionStart="FIGURE 9" captionStartId="17.[136,229,1110,1132]" captionTargetBox="[169,1423,203,1066]" captionTargetId="figure-15@17.[151,1436,190,1086]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="FIGURE 9. Dictyonema subinvolutum. A. Habit of the species, scale = 1 cm. B. Mature thallus with basidiocarp, scale = 0.5 cm. C. Close up showing hymenophore, scale = 0.3 cm. Photos by V. Marcano." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7380984" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7380984/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="215">Fig. 9</figureCitation>
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)
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</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="AE996534F420FFDEC1FCFD93FEEAE61C" box="[136,367,594,616]" pageId="16" pageNumber="215" type="multiple">
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<paragraph id="E63C36BFF420FFDEC1FCFD93FEEAE61C" blockId="16.[136,817,554,616]" box="[136,367,594,616]" pageId="16" pageNumber="215">Mycobank MB#838447</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="AE996534F420FFDEC1FCFD57FD47E767" pageId="16" pageNumber="215" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph id="E63C36BFF420FFDEC1FCFD57FD47E767" blockId="16.[136,1452,662,2093]" pageId="16" pageNumber="215">
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Diagnosis:—
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<emphasis id="D4F7EAADF420FFDEC068FD56FD47E767" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="215">
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Sicut
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<taxonomicName id="21834D3CF420FFDEC02EFD56FDEBE6CB" box="[346,622,662,688]" class="Agaricomycetes" family="Hygrophoraceae" genus="Dictyonema" kingdom="Fungi" order="Agaricales" pageId="16" pageNumber="215" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="species" species="obscuratum">Dictyonema obscuratum</taxonomicName>
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, sed hyphis fibulatis differt.
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<taxonomicName id="21834D3CF420FFDEC2D2FD57FBF7E6CB" box="[934,1138,662,688]" class="Agaricomycetes" family="Hygrophoraceae" genus="Thallus" kingdom="Fungi" order="Agaricales" pageId="16" pageNumber="215" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="species" species="muscicola">Thallus muscicola</taxonomicName>
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vel terricola, crassiusculus. Prothallus nullus. Hyphis tegentibus fibrillas quadrato-rhombicis. Haustoria praesentia. Filamenta 12–15 μm lata. Hymenocarpus resupinatus, pruinosus, margine subinvoluto. Hymenium N reagens (roseus). Sporis guttiformis, hyalinis, non septatis, 6–7 μm longis, 4–5 μm latis.
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</emphasis>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="AE996534F420FFDEC1C9FCE7FB5EE71F" pageId="16" pageNumber="215" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="E63C36BFF420FFDEC1C9FCE7FB5EE71F" blockId="16.[136,1452,662,2093]" pageId="16" pageNumber="215">
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<materialsCitation id="56EB3CE2F420FFDEC1C9FCE7FB5DE71F" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3979525306" collectingDate="2020-06-05" collectionCode="MER" collectorName="V. Marcano & L. Castillo" country="Venezuela" elevation="2650" location="Raiz de Agua" municipality="Merida" pageId="16" pageNumber="215" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="holotype">
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Type:—
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<collectingCountry id="9E94762FF420FFDEC063FCE7FE46E73B" box="[279,451,806,832]" name="Venezuela" pageId="16" pageNumber="215">VENEZUELA</collectingCountry>
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.
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<collectingMunicipality id="0658ACC5F420FFDEC0BBFCE7FDA1E73B" box="[463,548,806,832]" pageId="16" pageNumber="215">Mérida</collectingMunicipality>
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:
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<collectingMunicipality id="0658ACC5F420FFDEC344FCE6FCACE73B" box="[560,809,806,833]" pageId="16" pageNumber="215">Parque Sierra Nevada</collectingMunicipality>
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de Mérida,
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<location id="E35C6064F420FFDEC2C1FCE7FBD5E73B" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:6E2A87A9F420FFDEC1FCFDEBFAE2EC57:E35C6064F420FFDEC2C1FCE7FBD5E73B" box="[949,1104,806,832]" country="Venezuela" municipality="Merida" name="Raiz de Agua" pageId="16" pageNumber="215">Raiz de Agua</location>
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cloud forests, elev.
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<quantity id="217B9B5AF420FFDEC442FCE7FA15E73A" box="[1334,1424,806,833]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.65" pageId="16" pageNumber="215" unit="m" value="2650.0">
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<elevation id="6DAED18CF420FFDEC442FCE7FA15E73A" box="[1334,1424,806,833]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.65" pageId="16" pageNumber="215" unit="m" value="2650.0">2650 m</elevation>
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</quantity>
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;
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<date id="923D107FF420FFDEC4E9FCE7FF78E71F" pageId="16" pageNumber="215" value="2020-06-05">
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<collectingDate id="8279E997F420FFDEC4E9FCE7FF78E71F" pageId="16" pageNumber="215" value="2020-06-05">5 June 2020</collectingDate>
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</date>
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,
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<emphasis id="D4F7EAADF420FFDEC07CFC8AFDF2E71F" box="[264,631,842,869]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="215">
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<collectorName id="4B765369F420FFDEC07CFC8AFDA1E71F" box="[264,548,842,869]" pageId="16" pageNumber="215">V. Marcano & L. Castillo</collectorName>
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20-411
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</emphasis>
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(
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<typeStatus id="3938881DF420FFDEC3F2FC8BFD6FE71F" box="[646,746,842,868]" pageId="16" pageNumber="215" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
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<collectionCode id="8092AE7AF420FFDEC385FC8AFCB4E71E" box="[753,817,843,869]" pageId="16" pageNumber="215">MER</collectionCode>
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, isotype B, private herb.
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<collectorName id="4B765369F420FFDEC53CFC8AFB55E71F" box="[1096,1232,842,869]" pageId="16" pageNumber="215">V. Marcano</collectorName>
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)
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</materialsCitation>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="AE996534F420FFDEC1C9FCAFFBB5E7F3" box="[189,1072,878,905]" pageId="16" pageNumber="215" type="etymology">
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<paragraph id="E63C36BFF420FFDEC1C9FCAFFBB5E7F3" blockId="16.[136,1452,662,2093]" box="[189,1072,878,905]" pageId="16" pageNumber="215">Etymology:—The epithet refers to the slightly involute hymenophore margins.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="AE996534F420FFDEC1C9FC53FAE5E1FA" pageId="16" pageNumber="215" type="description">
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<paragraph id="E63C36BFF420FFDEC1C9FC53FCA6E08A" blockId="16.[136,1452,662,2093]" pageId="16" pageNumber="215">
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Description:—
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<emphasis id="D4F7EAADF420FFDEC010FC53FE3DE7D7" box="[356,440,914,940]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="215">Thallus</emphasis>
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growing on soil and among bryophytes, filamentous, dark blue-green, moderately thick, developing a mat of interwoven fungal-cyanobacterial fibrils, leaving interspaces connected by a defined hypothallus; prothallus absent.
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<emphasis id="D4F7EAADF420FFDEC021FC1BFE24E78F" box="[341,417,986,1012]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="215">Fibrils</emphasis>
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markedly ascendent, with yellow or pale brown apices, forming an irregular, rough surface.
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<emphasis id="D4F7EAADF420FFDEC1FCFC3FFE7CE063" box="[136,505,1022,1048]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="215">Thallus (when fresh) in section</emphasis>
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<quantity id="217B9B5AF420FFDEC373FC3FFD27E062" box="[519,674,1022,1049]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.025" metricValueMax="2.3" metricValueMin="1.75" pageId="16" pageNumber="215" unit="mm" value="2.025" valueMax="2.3" valueMin="1.75">1.75–2.3 mm</quantity>
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thick, composed of a thick, loose, photobiont (
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<taxonomicName id="21834D3CF420FFDEC595FC3FFAD8E063" box="[1249,1373,1022,1048]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Corymorphidae" genus="Rhizonema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="16" pageNumber="215" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="D4F7EAADF420FFDEC595FC3FFAD8E063" box="[1249,1373,1022,1048]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="215">Rhizonema</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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) layer (
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<quantity id="217B9B5AF420FFDEC1E5FBE3FE82E047" box="[145,263,1058,1084]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.15" metricValueMax="1.3" metricValueMin="1.0" pageId="16" pageNumber="215" unit="mm" value="1.15" valueMax="1.3" valueMin="1.0">1–1.3 mm</quantity>
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) and a thick, pale brown medulla (
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<quantity id="217B9B5AF420FFDEC3EBFBE3FCA1E047" box="[671,804,1058,1085]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.75" metricValueMax="10.0" metricValueMin="7.5" pageId="16" pageNumber="215" unit="mm" value="0.875" valueMax="1.0" valueMin="0.75">0.75–1 mm</quantity>
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) (hypothallus); photobiont layer composed of numerous cyanobacterial filaments wrapped in a closed hyphal sheath formed by jigsaw-puzzle-shaped cells;
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<emphasis id="D4F7EAADF420FFDEC477FB87FF6AE0FF" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="215">cyanobacterial filaments</emphasis>
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occasionally branched, composed of 12–15(–17) μm wide and 5–7 μm high, bluish green cells penetrated by tubular fungal hyphae (haustoria);
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<emphasis id="D4F7EAADF420FFDEC37BFB4FFD08E0D3" box="[527,653,1166,1192]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="215">heterocytes</emphasis>
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frequent, pale to slightly bright yellow, 8.5–11 μm wide and 2–5.5 μm high; cells of hyphal sheath variably wavy in lateral outline, 4–5 μm thick; hyphae of hypothallus straight, branched, hyaline, smooth, 7–8 μm thick.
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<emphasis id="D4F7EAADF420FFDEC098FB17FD46E08B" box="[492,707,1238,1264]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="215">Clamp connections</emphasis>
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present.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="E63C36BFF420FFDEC1C9FB3BFAE5E1FA" blockId="16.[136,1452,662,2093]" pageId="16" pageNumber="215">
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<emphasis id="D4F7EAADF420FFDEC1C9FB3BFEDEE16F" box="[189,347,1274,1300]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="215">Hymenophore</emphasis>
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(when fresh) developed as effuse patches,
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<quantity id="217B9B5AF420FFDEC214FB3BFC47E16E" box="[864,962,1274,1301]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" metricValueMax="7.0" metricValueMin="3.0" pageId="16" pageNumber="215" unit="mm" value="5.0" valueMax="7.0" valueMin="3.0">3–7 mm</quantity>
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diameter, white, resupinate, with slightly involute margins and a smooth, pruinose surface; hymenophore in section 120–130 μm thick, composed of a paraplectenchymatous layer connected to loose medullary hyphae, 5–6 μm wide;
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<emphasis id="D4F7EAADF420FFDEC556FA83FB10E127" box="[1058,1173,1346,1372]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="215">hymenium</emphasis>
|
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composed of numerous, palisade-like
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<emphasis id="D4F7EAADF420FFDEC06AFAA7FE15E1FB" box="[286,400,1382,1408]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="215">basidioles</emphasis>
|
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and scattered
|
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<emphasis id="D4F7EAADF420FFDEC345FAA7FD06E1FB" box="[561,643,1382,1408]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="215">basidia</emphasis>
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;
|
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<emphasis id="D4F7EAADF420FFDEC3E6FAA7FCA8E1FB" box="[658,813,1382,1408]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="215">basidiospores</emphasis>
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drop-shaped, non-septate, hyaline, 6–7 × 4–5 μm.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="AE996534F420FFDEC1C9FA4BFA8FE1B3" pageId="16" pageNumber="215" type="biology_ecology">
|
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<paragraph id="E63C36BFF420FFDEC1C9FA4BFA8FE1B3" blockId="16.[136,1452,662,2093]" pageId="16" pageNumber="215">Chemistry:—Thallus K–, C–, KC–, P–; medulla K–, C–, KC–, P–, N+ (pink), ER+ (pale bluish purple); basidiocarp K–, C–, KC–, P–, N+ (pink), ER+ (pale bluish purple) (n = 6). No lichen compounds detected by TLC.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="AE996534F420FFDEC1C9FA13FA22E26B" pageId="16" pageNumber="215" type="distribution">
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<paragraph id="E63C36BFF420FFDEC1C9FA13FA22E26B" blockId="16.[136,1452,662,2093]" pageId="16" pageNumber="215">
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Distribution and Ecology:—
|
||
<taxonomicName id="21834D3CF420FFDEC088FA12FCA4E197" box="[508,801,1490,1516]" class="Agaricomycetes" family="Hygrophoraceae" genus="Dictyonema" kingdom="Fungi" order="Agaricales" pageId="16" pageNumber="215" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="species" species="subinvolutum">
|
||
<emphasis id="D4F7EAADF420FFDEC088FA12FCA4E197" box="[508,801,1490,1516]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="215">Dictyonema subinvolutum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
was found growing on mosses and acid soils in shady and very humid rainforest at elev.
|
||
<quantity id="217B9B5AF420FFDEC0ACFA37FDA8E26A" box="[472,557,1526,1553]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.25" pageId="16" pageNumber="215" unit="m" value="2250.0">2250 m</quantity>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="7EB82A3AF420FFDEC348FA37FD13E26B" box="[572,662,1526,1552]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="13.[136,229,1683,1705]" captionTargetBox="[410,1172,552,1642]" captionTargetId="figure-113@13.[398,1189,533,1657]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="FIGURE 7. Dictyonema duidense. A. Habit of the species growing on bark. Photos by V. Marcano." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7380980" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7380980/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="215">Fig. 7A</figureCitation>
|
||
). This species is only known from the well-developed
|
||
<typeStatus id="3938881DF420FFDEC58EFA36FAAFE26A" box="[1274,1322,1527,1553]" pageId="16" pageNumber="215">type</typeStatus>
|
||
collection.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="AE996534F420FFDEC1C9F9DBFAE2EC57" pageId="16" pageNumber="215" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="E63C36BFF420FFDEC1C9F9DBFF54E39E" blockId="16.[136,1452,662,2093]" pageId="16" pageNumber="215">
|
||
Remarks:—
|
||
<taxonomicName id="21834D3CF420FFDEC031F9DAFDEDE24F" box="[325,616,1562,1588]" class="Agaricomycetes" family="Hygrophoraceae" genus="Dictyonema" kingdom="Fungi" order="Agaricales" pageId="16" pageNumber="215" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="species" species="subinvolutum">
|
||
<emphasis id="D4F7EAADF420FFDEC031F9DAFDEDE24F" box="[325,616,1562,1588]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="215">Dictyonema subinvolutum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is readily distinguished by its moderately thick thallus, markedly ascendent fibrils, a thick hypothallus, the presence of clamp connections, resupinate, pruinose, N+ pink basidiocarps, and the lack of a prothallus. The medulla turning pink by the N spot test appears to be a diagnostic feature due to its occurrence only in this taxon among the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="21834D3CF420FFDEC0BFF946FDD7E2DB" box="[459,594,1671,1696]" class="Agaricomycetes" family="Hygrophoraceae" genus="Dictyonema" kingdom="Fungi" order="Agaricales" pageId="16" pageNumber="215" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="D4F7EAADF420FFDEC0BFF946FDD7E2DB" box="[459,594,1671,1696]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="215">Dictyonema</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
specimens examined.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="21834D3CF420FFDEC23AF946FBF7E2DB" box="[846,1138,1670,1696]" class="Agaricomycetes" family="Hygrophoraceae" genus="Dictyonema" kingdom="Fungi" order="Agaricales" pageId="16" pageNumber="215" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="species" species="subinvolutum">
|
||
<emphasis id="D4F7EAADF420FFDEC23AF946FBF7E2DB" box="[846,1138,1670,1696]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="215">Dictyonema subinvolutum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is like
|
||
<taxonomicName id="21834D3CF420FFDEC5B6F946FAE2E2DB" box="[1218,1383,1670,1696]" class="Agaricomycetes" family="Hygrophoraceae" genus="Dictyonema" kingdom="Fungi" order="Agaricales" pageId="16" pageNumber="215" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="species" species="obscuratum">
|
||
<emphasis id="D4F7EAADF420FFDEC5B6F946FAE2E2DB" box="[1218,1383,1670,1696]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="215">D. obscuratum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Both species are characterized by numerous cyanobacterial filaments covered by fungal hyphae, forming jigsaw-puzzleshaped cells. However,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="21834D3CF420FFDEC0FAF90EFDB6E293" box="[398,563,1742,1768]" class="Agaricomycetes" family="Hygrophoraceae" genus="Dictyonema" kingdom="Fungi" order="Agaricales" pageId="16" pageNumber="215" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="species" species="obscuratum">
|
||
<emphasis id="D4F7EAADF420FFDEC0FAF90EFDB6E293" box="[398,563,1742,1768]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="215">D. obscuratum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has strongly compressed mats of irregular, densely interwoven, very dark olivegreen fibrils, an indistinct hypothallus, absence of clamp connections and the hyphae are often sparsely and finely papillose towards the tips. Furthermore,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="21834D3CF420FFDEC324F8D6FD73E34B" box="[592,758,1814,1840]" class="Agaricomycetes" family="Hygrophoraceae" genus="Dictyonema" kingdom="Fungi" order="Agaricales" pageId="16" pageNumber="215" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="species" species="obscuratum">
|
||
<emphasis id="D4F7EAADF420FFDEC324F8D6FD73E34B" box="[592,758,1814,1840]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="215">D. obscuratum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has slightly longer spores (7–9 μm) than
|
||
<taxonomicName id="21834D3CF420FFDEC5B8F8D6FA03E34B" box="[1228,1414,1814,1840]" class="Agaricomycetes" family="Hygrophoraceae" genus="Dictyonema" kingdom="Fungi" order="Agaricales" pageId="16" pageNumber="215" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="species" species="subinvolutum">
|
||
<emphasis id="D4F7EAADF420FFDEC5B8F8D6FA03E34B" box="[1228,1414,1814,1840]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="215">D. subinvolutum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. In addition,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="21834D3CF420FFDEC186F8FAFE1CE32F" box="[242,409,1850,1876]" class="Agaricomycetes" family="Hygrophoraceae" genus="Dictyonema" kingdom="Fungi" order="Agaricales" pageId="16" pageNumber="215" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="species" species="obscuratum">
|
||
<emphasis id="D4F7EAADF420FFDEC186F8FAFE1CE32F" box="[242,409,1850,1876]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="215">D. obscuratum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
inhabits the Cerrado vegetation of
|
||
<collectingCountry id="9E94762FF420FFDEC252F8FBFCE8E32F" box="[806,877,1850,1876]" name="Brazil" pageId="16" pageNumber="215">Brazil</collectingCountry>
|
||
, where it is found growing on tree trunks (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="82124B4EF420FFDEC438F8FBFE8AE303" author="Lucking, R. & Dal Forno, M. & Wilk, K. & Lawrey, J. D." pageId="16" pageNumber="215" pagination="4 - 16" refId="ref17535" refString="Lucking, R., Dal Forno, M., Wilk, K. & Lawrey, J. D. (2013 b) Three new species of Dictyonema (lichenized Basidiomycota: Hygrophoraceae) from Bolivia. Acta Nova 6: 4 - 16." type="journal article" year="2013">
|
||
Lücking
|
||
<emphasis id="D4F7EAADF420FFDEC1FCF89EFF44E303" box="[136,193,1886,1912]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="215">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2013b
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) (Table 1).
|
||
<taxonomicName id="21834D3CF420FFDEC0E7F89EFD3DE303" box="[403,696,1886,1912]" class="Agaricomycetes" family="Hygrophoraceae" genus="Dictyonema" kingdom="Fungi" order="Agaricales" pageId="16" pageNumber="215" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="species" species="subinvolutum">
|
||
<emphasis id="D4F7EAADF420FFDEC0E7F89EFD3DE303" box="[403,696,1886,1912]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="215">Dictyonema subinvolutum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
could also be confused with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="21834D3CF420FFDEC575F89EFDB6E3E7" authority="(Muller Argoviensis 1891: 234) Zahlbruckner (1931: 748)" authorityName="Zahlbruckner" authorityPageNumber="748" authorityYear="1931" baseAuthorityName="Muller Argoviensis" baseAuthorityPageNumber="234" baseAuthorityYear="1891" class="Agaricomycetes" family="Hygrophoraceae" genus="Dictyonema" kingdom="Fungi" order="Agaricales" pageId="16" pageNumber="215" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="species" species="schenckianum">
|
||
<emphasis id="D4F7EAADF420FFDEC575F89EFB47E303" box="[1025,1218,1886,1912]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="215">D. schenckianum</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="82124B4EF420FFDEC5A5F89FFF79E3E7" author="Muller Argoviensis, J." pageId="16" pageNumber="215" pagination="216 - 234" refId="ref19322" refString="Muller Argoviensis, J. (1891) Lichenes Schenckiani. Hedwigia 30: 216 - 234." type="journal article" year="1891">Müller Argoviensis 1891: 234</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="82124B4EF420FFDEC078F843FDB6E3E7" author="Zahlbruckner, A." box="[268,563,1922,1948]" pageId="16" pageNumber="215" pagination="1 - 784" refId="ref20503" refString="Zahlbruckner, A. (1931) Catalogus Lichenum Universalis 7. Borntraeger, Leipzig, pp. 1 - 784." type="book chapter" year="1931">Zahlbruckner (1931: 748)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. However, the
|
||
<typeStatus id="3938881DF420FFDEC3ABF842FC8AE3E6" box="[735,783,1923,1949]" pageId="16" pageNumber="215">type</typeStatus>
|
||
material of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="21834D3CF420FFDEC2EFF842FBDBE3E7" authorityName="Zahlbruckner" authorityYear="1931" baseAuthorityName="Muller Argoviensis" baseAuthorityYear="1891" box="[923,1118,1922,1948]" class="Agaricomycetes" family="Hygrophoraceae" genus="Dictyonema" kingdom="Fungi" order="Agaricales" pageId="16" pageNumber="215" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="species" species="schenckianum">
|
||
<emphasis id="D4F7EAADF420FFDEC2EFF842FBDBE3E7" box="[923,1118,1922,1948]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="215">D. schenckianum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
lacks clamp connections and presents a combed appearance (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="82124B4EF420FFDEC084F867FD66E3BB" author="Lucking, R. & Dal Forno, M. & Lawrey, J. D. & Bungartz, F. & Rojas, M. E. H. & Hernandez M. & J. E & Marcelli, M. P. & Moncada, B. & Morales, E. A. & Nelsen, M. P. & Paz, E. & Salcedo, L. & Spielmann, A. A. & Will-Wolf, S. & Yanez-Ayabaca, A." box="[496,739,1958,1984]" pageId="16" pageNumber="215" pagination="1 - 38" refId="ref17382" refString="Lucking, R., Dal Forno, M., Lawrey, J. D., Bungartz, F., Rojas, M. E. H., Hernandez M., J. E., Marcelli, M. P., Moncada, B., Morales, E. A., Nelsen, M. P., Paz, E., Salcedo, L., Spielmann, A. A., WilK, K., Will-Wolf, S. & Yanez-Ayabaca, A. (2013 a) Ten new species of lichenized Basidiomycota in the genera Dictyonema and Cora (Agaricales: Hygrophoraceae), with a key to all accepted genera and species in the Dictyonema clade. Phytotaxa 139: 1 - 38. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / phytotaxa. 139.1.1" type="journal article" year="2013">
|
||
Lücking
|
||
<emphasis id="D4F7EAADF420FFDEC32CF866FD17E3BB" box="[600,658,1958,1984]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="215">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2013a
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). This species is known from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="9E94762FF420FFDEC54DF867FBF8E3BB" box="[1081,1149,1958,1984]" name="Brazil" pageId="16" pageNumber="215">Brazil</collectingCountry>
|
||
and
|
||
<collectingCountry id="9E94762FF420FFDEC5C3F867FAA0E3BB" box="[1207,1317,1958,1984]" name="Colombia" pageId="16" pageNumber="215">Colombia</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="82124B4EF420FFDEC442F867FF40E39E" author="Dal Forno, M." pageId="16" pageNumber="215" pagination="1 - 294" refId="ref15364" refString="Dal Forno, M. (2015) Evolution and Diversity of the basidiolichen clade Dictyonema (Agaricales: Hygrophoraceae). PhD Dissertation, pp. 1 - 294." type="book chapter" year="2015">Dal Forno 2015</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="E63C36BFF420FFDEC1C9F82FFAE2EC57" blockId="16.[136,1452,662,2093]" pageId="16" pageNumber="215">
|
||
Additional specimens examined (
|
||
<typeStatus id="3938881DF420FFDEC34FF82FFD2EEC73" box="[571,683,2030,2056]" pageId="16" pageNumber="215" type="paratype">paratypes</typeStatus>
|
||
):—
|
||
<collectingRegion id="2447F85DF420FFDEC3A1F82FFCAEEC73" box="[725,811,2030,2056]" country="Venezuela" name="Merida" pageId="16" pageNumber="215">Mérida</collectingRegion>
|
||
: Parque Sierra
|
||
<collectingRegion id="2447F85DF420FFDEC2A8F82FFBB7EC73" box="[988,1074,2030,2056]" country="United States of America" name="Nevada" pageId="16" pageNumber="215">Nevada</collectingRegion>
|
||
de
|
||
<collectingRegion id="2447F85DF420FFDEC52BF82FFB36EC73" box="[1119,1203,2030,2056]" country="Venezuela" name="Merida" pageId="16" pageNumber="215">Mérida</collectingRegion>
|
||
, Raiz de Agua, cloud forests, elev.
|
||
<quantity id="217B9B5AF420FFDEC068F7D3FEF1EC56" box="[284,372,2066,2093]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.65" pageId="16" pageNumber="215" unit="m" value="2650.0">2650 m</quantity>
|
||
;
|
||
<date id="923D107FF420FFDEC00BF7D3FDBBEC57" box="[383,574,2066,2092]" pageId="16" pageNumber="215" value="2020-10-12">12 October 2020</date>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="D4F7EAADF420FFDEC33DF7D2FC60EC57" box="[585,997,2066,2093]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="215">V. Marcano & L. Castillo no. 20-562</emphasis>
|
||
(MER, private herb. V. Marcano).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |