546 lines
61 KiB
XML
546 lines
61 KiB
XML
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<mods:title id="0A883B867B2DA91E9721DE024263ED06">The insupportable validity of mosquito subspecies (Diptera: Culicidae) and their exclusion from culicid classification</mods:title>
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<mods:title id="9CD7BA8915522270C83BC003642B3F81">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<treatment id="161B87CDBA770A12FF54FE89FC745910" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8064211" ID-GBIF-Taxon="209700372" ID-Zenodo-Dep="8064211" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:161B87CDBA770A12FF54FE89FC745910" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/161B87CDBA770A12FF54FE89FC745910" lastPageId="69" lastPageNumber="70" pageId="68" pageNumber="69">
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<paragraph id="9E0D36DBBA770A13FF54FE89FDD45B44" blockId="68.[151,581,294,321]" box="[151,581,294,321]" pageId="68" pageNumber="69">
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<heading id="C54581B7BA770A13FF54FE89FDD45B44" bold="true" box="[151,581,294,321]" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="68" pageNumber="69" reason="4">
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<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA770A13FF54FE89FDD45B44" authority="Evans" authorityName="Evans" box="[151,581,294,321]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Anopheles" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="68" pageNumber="69" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="moucheti" subGenus="Cellia">
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<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA770A13FF54FE89FDD45B44" bold="true" box="[151,581,294,321]" pageId="68" pageNumber="69">
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<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA770A13FF54FE89FE875B44" bold="true" box="[151,278,294,321]" italics="true" pageId="68" pageNumber="69">Anopheles</emphasis>
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(
|
||
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA770A13FEE4FE89FEFE5B44" bold="true" box="[295,367,294,321]" italics="true" pageId="68" pageNumber="69">Cellia</emphasis>
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)
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<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA770A13FE43FE89FE615B44" bold="true" box="[384,496,294,321]" italics="true" pageId="68" pageNumber="69">moucheti</emphasis>
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Evans
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</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="D6A86550BA770A13FF54FEC4FD365818" pageId="68" pageNumber="69" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="9E0D36DBBA770A13FF54FEC4FD4B5BDA" blockId="68.[151,1437,363,541]" pageId="68" pageNumber="69">
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subspecies
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<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA770A13FEC9FEC4FE695B86" authority="Evans, 1925 b" authorityName="Evans" authorityYear="1925" box="[266,504,363,387]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Anopheles" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="68" pageNumber="69" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="moucheti">
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<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA770A13FEC9FEC4FEFA5B86" bold="true" box="[266,363,363,387]" italics="true" pageId="68" pageNumber="69">moucheti</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="FA234B2ABA770A13FEB2FEC3FE695B86" author="Evans, A. M." box="[369,504,363,387]" pageId="68" pageNumber="69" pagination="211 - 213" refId="ref154894" refString="Evans, A. M. (1925 b) A new variety of Anopheles marshalli Theobald from the Belgian Congo. Annals of Tropical Medicine and Parasitology, 19 (2), 211 - 213. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 00034983.1925.11684451" type="journal article" year="1925">Evans, 1925b</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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||
—original combination:
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<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA770A13FD36FEC4FBC55B86" authorityName="Evans" authorityYear="1925" box="[757,1108,363,387]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Anopheles" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="68" pageNumber="69" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="variety" species="marshalli" variety="moucheti">
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<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA770A13FD36FEC4FC575B86" box="[757,966,363,387]" italics="true" pageId="68" pageNumber="69">Anopheles marshalli</emphasis>
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var.
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<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA770A13FC34FEC4FBC55B86" box="[1015,1108,363,387]" italics="true" pageId="68" pageNumber="69">moucheti</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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||
(specific status by
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<bibRefCitation id="FA234B2ABA770A13FAD4FEC3FA005B86" author="Evans, A. M." box="[1303,1425,363,387]" pageId="68" pageNumber="69" pagination="129 - 143" refId="ref155079" refString="Evans, A. M. (1931) Notes on African anophelines. Annals of Tropical Medicine and Parasitology, 25 (1), 129 - 143. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 00034983.1931.11684674" type="journal article" year="1931">Evans 1931</bibRefCitation>
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). Distribution:
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<collectingCountry id="E6A5764BBA770A13FE92FE25FE365BA7" box="[337,423,394,418]" name="Burundi" pageId="68" pageNumber="69">Burundi</collectingCountry>
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,
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<collectingCountry id="E6A5764BBA770A13FE70FE25FD285BA7" box="[435,697,394,418]" name="Central African Republic" pageId="68" pageNumber="69">Central African Republic</collectingCountry>
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,
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||
<collectingCountry id="E6A5764BBA770A13FD05FE25FCC25BA7" box="[710,851,394,418]" name="Ivory Coast" pageId="68" pageNumber="69">Côte d’Ivoire</collectingCountry>
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,
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||
<collectingCountry id="E6A5764BBA770A13FC9CFE25FB5F5BA7" box="[863,1230,394,418]" name="Democratic Republic of the Congo" pageId="68" pageNumber="69">Democratic Republic of the Congo</collectingCountry>
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,
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||
<collectingCountry id="E6A5764BBA770A13FB19FE25FA085BA7" box="[1242,1433,394,418]" name="Equatorial Guinea" pageId="68" pageNumber="69">Equatorial Guinea</collectingCountry>
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||
,
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||
<collectingCountry id="E6A5764BBA770A13FF04FE07FE9C5BC5" box="[199,269,424,448]" name="Gabon" pageId="68" pageNumber="69">Gabon</collectingCountry>
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||
,
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<collectingCountry id="E6A5764BBA770A13FEDAFE07FECF5BC5" box="[281,350,424,448]" name="Ghana" pageId="68" pageNumber="69">Ghana</collectingCountry>
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||
,
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<collectingCountry id="E6A5764BBA770A13FEABFE06FE3C5BC4" box="[360,429,425,449]" name="Kenya" pageId="68" pageNumber="69">Kenya</collectingCountry>
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||
,
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||
<collectingCountry id="E6A5764BBA770A13FE7BFE07FD355BC4" box="[440,676,424,449]" name="Republic of the Congo" pageId="68" pageNumber="69">Republic of the Congo</collectingCountry>
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||
,
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<collectingCountry id="E6A5764BBA770A13FD73FE07FC975BC5" box="[688,774,424,448]" name="Rwanda" pageId="68" pageNumber="69">Rwanda</collectingCountry>
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,
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<collectingCountry id="E6A5764BBA770A13FCD2FE07FC075BC5" box="[785,918,424,448]" name="Sierra Leone" pageId="68" pageNumber="69">Sierra Leone</collectingCountry>
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,
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||
<collectingCountry id="E6A5764BBA770A13FC61FE07FBB75BC5" box="[930,1062,424,448]" name="South Sudan" pageId="68" pageNumber="69">South Sudan</collectingCountry>
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,
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<collectingCountry id="E6A5764BBA770A13FBF2FE07FB1E5BC5" box="[1073,1167,424,448]" name="Tanzania" pageId="68" pageNumber="69">Tanzania</collectingCountry>
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,
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<collectingCountry id="E6A5764BBA770A13FB59FE07FB785BC5" box="[1178,1257,424,448]" name="Uganda" pageId="68" pageNumber="69">Uganda</collectingCountry>
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(
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<bibRefCitation id="FA234B2ABA770A13FB34FE07FA0D5BC5" author="Wilkerson, R. C. & Linton, Y. - M. & Strickman, D." box="[1271,1436,424,448]" pageId="68" pageNumber="69" refId="ref184924" refString="Wilkerson, R. C., Linton, Y. - M. & Strickman, D. (2021) Mosquitoes of the world. Vols. 1 & 2. Johns Hopkins University Press, Baltimore, Maryland, 1332 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.1186 / s 13071 - 021 - 04848 - 6" type="book" year="2021">
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Wilkerson
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<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA770A13FAABFE06FA075BC5" box="[1384,1430,424,448]" italics="true" pageId="68" pageNumber="69">et al</emphasis>
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.
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</bibRefCitation>
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2021,
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<collectingCountry id="E6A5764BBA770A13FEC4FE68FEE25BDA" box="[263,371,455,479]" name="Cameroon" pageId="68" pageNumber="69">Cameroon</collectingCountry>
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,
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<collectingCountry id="E6A5764BBA770A13FEBEFE68FE575BDA" box="[381,454,455,479]" name="Guinea-Bissau" pageId="68" pageNumber="69">Guinea</collectingCountry>
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and
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<collectingCountry id="E6A5764BBA770A13FE34FE68FDD25BDA" box="[503,579,455,479]" name="Nigeria" pageId="68" pageNumber="69">Nigeria</collectingCountry>
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are excluded).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="9E0D36DBBA770A13FF54FE49FD365818" blockId="68.[151,1437,363,541]" pageId="68" pageNumber="69">
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subspecies
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<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA770A13FECCFE49FD9A5BFB" authority="Evans, 1931" authorityName="Evans" authorityYear="1931" box="[271,523,486,510]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Anopheles" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="68" pageNumber="69" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nigeriensis">
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||
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA770A13FECCFE49FE105BFB" bold="true" box="[271,385,486,510]" italics="true" pageId="68" pageNumber="69">nigeriensis</emphasis>
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||
<bibRefCitation id="FA234B2ABA770A13FE4FFE49FD9A5BFB" author="Evans, A. M." box="[396,523,486,510]" pageId="68" pageNumber="69" pagination="129 - 143" refId="ref155079" refString="Evans, A. M. (1931) Notes on African anophelines. Annals of Tropical Medicine and Parasitology, 25 (1), 129 - 143. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 00034983.1931.11684674" type="journal article" year="1931">Evans, 1931</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
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||
—original combination:
|
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<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA770A13FCD1FE49FB1F5BF8" authorityName="Evans" authorityYear="1931" box="[786,1166,486,510]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Anopheles" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="68" pageNumber="69" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="variety" species="moucheti" variety="nigeriensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA770A13FCD1FE49FC755BFB" box="[786,996,486,510]" italics="true" pageId="68" pageNumber="69">Anopheles moucheti</emphasis>
|
||
var.
|
||
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA770A13FBDCFE49FB1F5BF8" box="[1055,1166,486,509]" italics="true" pageId="68" pageNumber="69">nigeriensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Distribution:
|
||
<collectingCountry id="E6A5764BBA770A13FAEFFE49FA095BFB" box="[1324,1432,486,510]" name="Cameroon" pageId="68" pageNumber="69">Cameroon</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="E6A5764BBA770A13FF04FDABFE825819" box="[199,275,516,540]" name="Guinea-Bissau" pageId="68" pageNumber="69">Guinea</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="E6A5764BBA770A13FEDEFDABFEC95819" box="[285,344,516,540]" name="Niger" pageId="68" pageNumber="69">Niger</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA770A13FEA1FDABFD355818" ID-CoL="8F54X" authority="(Wilkerson et al. 2021)" baseAuthorityName="Wilkerson" baseAuthorityYear="2021" box="[354,676,516,541]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Stegomyia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="68" pageNumber="69" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nigeria">
|
||
Nigeria (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="FA234B2ABA770A13FE78FDABFD0D5818" author="Wilkerson, R. C. & Linton, Y. - M. & Strickman, D." box="[443,668,516,541]" pageId="68" pageNumber="69" refId="ref184924" refString="Wilkerson, R. C., Linton, Y. - M. & Strickman, D. (2021) Mosquitoes of the world. Vols. 1 & 2. Johns Hopkins University Press, Baltimore, Maryland, 1332 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.1186 / s 13071 - 021 - 04848 - 6" type="book" year="2021">
|
||
Wilkerson
|
||
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA770A13FDEFFDAAFDC85819" box="[556,601,516,540]" italics="true" pageId="68" pageNumber="69">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 2021
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="D6A86550BA770A12FF54FDE4FC745910" lastPageId="69" lastPageNumber="70" pageId="68" pageNumber="69" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="9E0D36DBBA770A13FF54FDE4FAD45964" blockId="68.[151,1437,587,2017]" pageId="68" pageNumber="69">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA770A13FF54FDE4FEE95860" box="[151,376,587,613]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Anopheles" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="68" pageNumber="69" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="moucheti">
|
||
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA770A13FF54FDE4FEE95860" box="[151,376,587,613]" italics="true" pageId="68" pageNumber="69">Anopheles moucheti</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
was originally described as a variety of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA770A13FCEFFDE4FB0D5860" authority="(Theobald, 1903a)" authorityName="Theobald" authorityYear="1903" baseAuthorityName="Theobald" baseAuthorityYear="1903" box="[812,1180,587,613]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Anopheles" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="68" pageNumber="69" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="marshallii">
|
||
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA770A13FCEFFDE4FC5B5860" box="[812,970,587,613]" italics="true" pageId="68" pageNumber="69">An. marshallii</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="FA234B2ABA770A13FC14FDE4FB055860" author="Theobald, F. V." box="[983,1172,587,613]" pageId="68" pageNumber="69" refId="ref181601" refString="Theobald, F. V. (1903 a) A monograph of the Culicidae or mosquitoes. Vol. 3. British Museum (Natural History), London, xvii + 1 (errata) + 359 pp., foldout table, 17 pls. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 58067" type="book" year="1903">Theobald, 1903a</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and elevated to species status by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="FA234B2ABA770A13FF3CFDC0FE09588C" author="Evans, A. M." box="[255,408,623,649]" pageId="68" pageNumber="69" pagination="129 - 143" refId="ref155079" refString="Evans, A. M. (1931) Notes on African anophelines. Annals of Tropical Medicine and Parasitology, 25 (1), 129 - 143. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 00034983.1931.11684674" type="journal article" year="1931">Evans (1931)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
. The taxon was described from a series of adult males and females from the
|
||
<collectingCountry id="E6A5764BBA770A13FB27FDC0FA09588C" box="[1252,1432,623,649]" name="Belgium Congo" pageId="68" pageNumber="69">Belgium Congo</collectingCountry>
|
||
, present-day
|
||
<collectingCountry id="E6A5764BBA770A13FEE3FD3CFD3B58A8" box="[288,682,659,685]" name="Democratic Republic of the Congo" pageId="68" pageNumber="69">Democratic Republic of the Congo</collectingCountry>
|
||
. The
|
||
<typeStatus id="41098879BA770A13FD25FD3CFCD958A8" box="[742,840,659,685]" pageId="68" pageNumber="69" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
male was collected at Buta, which today is a city and capital of Bas-Uiele Province located in the northern area of the country. When Evans recognized
|
||
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA770A13FAC3FD18FAF658D4" box="[1280,1383,695,721]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Anopheles" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="68" pageNumber="69" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="moucheti">
|
||
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA770A13FAC3FD18FAF658D4" box="[1280,1383,695,721]" italics="true" pageId="68" pageNumber="69">moucheti</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
as a distinct species, she also described
|
||
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA770A13FDDCFD74FD0B58F1" box="[543,666,731,756]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Anopheles" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="68" pageNumber="69" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nigeriensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA770A13FDDCFD74FD0B58F1" box="[543,666,731,756]" italics="true" pageId="68" pageNumber="69">nigeriensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
as a variety of the species based on a series of
|
||
<typeStatus id="41098879BA770A13FB61FD74FA9558F0" box="[1186,1284,731,757]" pageId="68" pageNumber="69" type="syntype">syntypes</typeStatus>
|
||
(“co-types”), including
|
||
<specimenCount id="88B4FD52BA770A13FECBFD50FEFC591C" box="[264,365,767,793]" pageId="68" pageNumber="69" type="male">one male</specimenCount>
|
||
and
|
||
<specimenCount id="88B4FD52BA770A13FE60FD50FDBB591C" box="[419,554,767,793]" pageId="68" pageNumber="69" type="female">two females</specimenCount>
|
||
with associated larval and pupal exuviae, collected at Yaba, a suburb of
|
||
<collectingRegion id="5C76F839BA770A13FA92FD50FA09591C" box="[1361,1432,767,793]" country="Nigeria" name="Lagos" pageId="68" pageNumber="69">Lagos</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="5C76F839BA770A13FF54FC8CFE8F5938" box="[151,286,803,829]" country="Nigeria" name="Lagos" pageId="68" pageNumber="69">Lagos State</collectingRegion>
|
||
in southern
|
||
<collectingCountry id="E6A5764BBA770A13FE71FC8CFD9B5938" box="[434,522,803,829]" name="Nigeria" pageId="68" pageNumber="69">Nigeria</collectingCountry>
|
||
. Townson (1990) verified the presence of
|
||
<specimenCount id="88B4FD52BA770A13FC34FC8CFB055938" box="[1015,1172,803,829]" pageId="68" pageNumber="69" type="generic" typeStatus="syntypes">nine syntypes</specimenCount>
|
||
in the Natural History Museum, London—
|
||
<specimenCount id="88B4FD52BA770A13FEBFFCE8FD935964" box="[380,514,839,865]" pageId="68" pageNumber="69" type="female">two females</specimenCount>
|
||
from Yaba, and
|
||
<specimenCount id="88B4FD52BA770A13FD78FCE8FCA15964" box="[699,816,839,865]" pageId="68" pageNumber="69" type="male">two males</specimenCount>
|
||
,
|
||
<specimenCount id="88B4FD52BA770A13FCFFFCE8FC555964" box="[828,964,839,865]" pageId="68" pageNumber="69" type="female">two females</specimenCount>
|
||
and
|
||
<specimenCount id="88B4FD52BA770A13FC39FCE8FBEC5964" box="[1018,1149,839,865]" pageId="68" pageNumber="69" type="larva">three larvae</specimenCount>
|
||
from near
|
||
<collectingRegion id="5C76F839BA770A13FB3AFCE8FAD05964" box="[1273,1345,839,865]" country="Nigeria" name="Lagos" pageId="68" pageNumber="69">Lagos</collectingRegion>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="9E0D36DBBA770A13FF04FCC4FE045ECC" blockId="68.[151,1437,587,2017]" pageId="68" pageNumber="69">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="FA234B2ABA770A13FF04FCC4FD9D5980" author="Gillies, M. T. & de Meillon, B." box="[199,524,875,901]" pageId="68" pageNumber="69" pagination="1 - 343" refId="ref156929" refString="Gillies, M. T. & de Meillon, B. (1968) The Anophelinae of Africa south of the Sahara (Ethiopian Zoogeographical Region). Publications of the South African Institute for Medical Research, 54, 1 - 343." type="journal article" year="1968">Gillies & de Meillon (1968)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
and
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="FA234B2ABA770A13FD8BFCC4FCFB5980" author="Gillies, M. T. & Coetzee, M." box="[584,874,875,901]" pageId="68" pageNumber="69" pagination="1 - 143" refId="ref156883" refString="Gillies, M. T. & Coetzee, M. (1987) A supplement to the Anophelinae of Africa south of the Sahara (Afrotropical Region). Publications of the South African Institute for Medical Research, 55, 1 - 143." type="journal article" year="1987">Gillies & Coetzee (1987)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
did not distinguish the adults of
|
||
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA770A13FB2DFCC4FF4E59AD" italics="true" pageId="68" pageNumber="69">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA770A13FB2DFCC4FAC45980" box="[1262,1365,875,901]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Anopheles" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="68" pageNumber="69" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" sensu="stricto" species="moucheti">moucheti</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="B7F557B2BA770A13FA9DFCC4FF4E59AD" pageId="68" pageNumber="69" sensu="stricto">sensu stricto</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA770A13FED8FC20FE0759AD" box="[283,406,911,936]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Anopheles" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="68" pageNumber="69" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nigeriensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA770A13FED8FC20FE0759AD" box="[283,406,911,936]" italics="true" pageId="68" pageNumber="69">nigeriensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in their keys to the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA770A13FD44FC20FD6D59AC" box="[647,764,911,937]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Anopheles" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="68" pageNumber="69" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA770A13FD44FC20FD6D59AC" box="[647,764,911,937]" italics="true" pageId="68" pageNumber="69">Anopheles</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
of the Afrotropical
|
||
<collectingRegion id="5C76F839BA770A13FC25FC20FBAB59AC" box="[998,1082,911,937]" country="Iraq" pageId="68" pageNumber="69">Region</collectingRegion>
|
||
; however, they did distinguish the larvae based on the development of head seta 3-C—with three or more branches in
|
||
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA770A13FB58FC1CFA0C59C9" box="[1179,1437,947,973]" italics="true" pageId="68" pageNumber="69">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA770A13FB58FC1CFA9359C8" box="[1179,1282,947,973]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Anopheles" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="68" pageNumber="69" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" sensu="stricto" species="moucheti">moucheti</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="B7F557B2BA770A13FACFFC1CFA0C59C9" box="[1292,1437,947,972]" pageId="68" pageNumber="69" sensu="stricto">sensu stricto</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
and single, occasionally bifid in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA770A13FDCCFC78FD1B59F5" box="[527,650,983,1008]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Anopheles" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="68" pageNumber="69" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nigeriensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA770A13FDCCFC78FD1B59F5" box="[527,650,983,1008]" italics="true" pageId="68" pageNumber="69">nigeriensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. The complete chaetotaxy of the larvae, and also the pupae, has not been 8studied comparatively.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="FA234B2ABA770A13FE2EFC54FCA35E10" author="Gillies, M. T. & de Meillon, B." box="[493,818,1019,1045]" pageId="68" pageNumber="69" pagination="1 - 343" refId="ref156929" refString="Gillies, M. T. & de Meillon, B. (1968) The Anophelinae of Africa south of the Sahara (Ethiopian Zoogeographical Region). Publications of the South African Institute for Medical Research, 54, 1 - 343." type="journal article" year="1968">Gillies & de Meillon (1968)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
specified that
|
||
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA770A13FC1DFC54FBC85E11" authority="Differs" authorityName="Differs" box="[990,1113,1019,1044]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Anopheles" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="68" pageNumber="69" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nigeriensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA770A13FC1DFC54FBC85E11" box="[990,1113,1019,1044]" italics="true" pageId="68" pageNumber="69">nigeriensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
“Differs from the nominate subspecies only in the following characters:
|
||
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA770A13FD58FBB0FD6B5E3C" box="[667,762,1055,1081]" italics="true" pageId="68" pageNumber="69">Pharynx</emphasis>
|
||
[cibarium]: Spines on pediment of cone apparently rather longer.
|
||
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA770A13FF28FBECFEBC5E59" box="[235,301,1091,1116]" italics="true" pageId="68" pageNumber="69">Wing:</emphasis>
|
||
In a series of specimens from
|
||
<collectingRegion id="5C76F839BA770A13FD41FBECFD585E58" box="[642,713,1091,1117]" country="Nigeria" name="Lagos" pageId="68" pageNumber="69">Lagos</collectingRegion>
|
||
, reared from eggs and with associated larvae from the same eggbatch (C. D. Ramsdale), a 6th pale fringe spot is present in 4 out of
|
||
<specimenCount id="88B4FD52BA770A13FC42FBC9FC615E84" box="[897,1008,1126,1153]" pageId="68" pageNumber="69" type="female">5 females</specimenCount>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA770A13FC39FBC8FB435E84" box="[1018,1234,1127,1153]" italics="true" pageId="68" pageNumber="69">Outer clypeal hairs</emphasis>
|
||
[seta 3C]: Simple or bifid apically. We have not been able to confirm Evans’s description of the mesonotal hairs as being narrower than in the
|
||
<typeStatus id="41098879BA770A13FED7FB00FED55ECC" box="[276,324,1199,1225]" pageId="68" pageNumber="69">type</typeStatus>
|
||
form.”
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="9E0D36DBBA770A13FF04FB7CFB8F5FEC" blockId="68.[151,1437,587,2017]" pageId="68" pageNumber="69">
|
||
The taxonomic history of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA770A13FE2AFB7CFDEC5EE8" box="[489,637,1235,1261]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Anopheles" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="68" pageNumber="69" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="moucheti">
|
||
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA770A13FE2AFB7CFDEC5EE8" box="[489,637,1235,1261]" italics="true" pageId="68" pageNumber="69">An. moucheti</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Moucheti Complex,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="FA234B2ABA770A13FCB0FB7CFBDF5EE8" author="Brunhes, J. & Le Goff, G. & Manga, L. & Geoffroy, B." box="[883,1102,1235,1261]" pageId="68" pageNumber="69" pagination="397 - 405" refId="ref147225" refString="Brunhes, J., Le Goff, G., Manga, L. & Geoffroy, B. (1998) Anopheles afrotropicaux. - IV. Mises au point sur le complexe Anopheles moucheti, rehabilitation d' An. garnhami basilewskyi (Diptera: Culicidae). Annales de la Societe Entomologique de France, 34 (4), 397 - 405." type="journal article" year="1998">
|
||
Brunhes
|
||
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA770A13FC14FB7CFB995EE8" box="[983,1032,1235,1261]" italics="true" pageId="68" pageNumber="69">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 1998
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
b) involves the closely related
|
||
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA770A13FF54FB58FE655F14" authority="D'Haenens, 1961" authorityName="D'Haenens" authorityYear="1961" box="[151,500,1271,1297]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Anopheles" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="68" pageNumber="69" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bervoetsi">
|
||
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA770A13FF54FB58FEBB5F14" box="[151,298,1271,1297]" italics="true" pageId="68" pageNumber="69">An. bervoetsi</emphasis>
|
||
D’Haenens, 1961
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, which was originally described as a subspecies of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA770A13FBE5FB58FB1C5F14" box="[1062,1165,1271,1297]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Anopheles" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="68" pageNumber="69" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="moucheti">
|
||
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA770A13FBE5FB58FB1C5F14" box="[1062,1165,1271,1297]" italics="true" pageId="68" pageNumber="69">moucheti</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. It was afforded specific status by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="FA234B2ABA770A13FEC0FAB4FDD05F30" author="Gillies, M. T. & de Meillon, B." box="[259,577,1307,1333]" pageId="68" pageNumber="69" pagination="1 - 343" refId="ref156929" refString="Gillies, M. T. & de Meillon, B. (1968) The Anophelinae of Africa south of the Sahara (Ethiopian Zoogeographical Region). Publications of the South African Institute for Medical Research, 54, 1 - 343." type="journal article" year="1968">Gillies & de Meillon (1968)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
based on distinctive features of the larva, and returned to subspecific status by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="FA234B2ABA770A13FF79FA90FE305F5C" author="Brunhes, J. & Le Goff, G. & Manga, L. & Geoffroy, B." box="[186,417,1343,1369]" pageId="68" pageNumber="69" pagination="397 - 405" refId="ref147225" refString="Brunhes, J., Le Goff, G., Manga, L. & Geoffroy, B. (1998) Anopheles afrotropicaux. - IV. Mises au point sur le complexe Anopheles moucheti, rehabilitation d' An. garnhami basilewskyi (Diptera: Culicidae). Annales de la Societe Entomologique de France, 34 (4), 397 - 405." type="journal article" year="1998">
|
||
Brunhes
|
||
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA770A13FEDCFA90FEC15F5C" box="[287,336,1343,1369]" italics="true" pageId="68" pageNumber="69">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. (1998
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
b), who also considered
|
||
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA770A13FD72FA90FCBD5F5D" box="[689,812,1343,1368]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Anopheles" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="68" pageNumber="69" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nigeriensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA770A13FD72FA90FCBD5F5D" box="[689,812,1343,1368]" italics="true" pageId="68" pageNumber="69">nigeriensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
to be a synonym of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA770A13FBD2FA90FBE95F5C" box="[1041,1144,1343,1369]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Anopheles" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="68" pageNumber="69" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="moucheti">
|
||
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA770A13FBD2FA90FBE95F5C" box="[1041,1144,1343,1369]" italics="true" pageId="68" pageNumber="69">moucheti</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
: “All of these [published] observations lead us, at least while awaiting new information, to consider
|
||
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA770A13FC20FACCFBE95F78" box="[995,1144,1379,1405]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Anopheles" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="68" pageNumber="69" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="moucheti">
|
||
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA770A13FC20FACCFBE95F78" box="[995,1144,1379,1405]" italics="true" pageId="68" pageNumber="69">An. moucheti</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
as a polymorphic species and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA770A13FF06FA28FE495FA5" box="[197,472,1415,1441]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Anopheles" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="68" pageNumber="69" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="moucheti" subSpecies="nigeriensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA770A13FF06FA28FE495FA5" box="[197,472,1415,1441]" italics="true" pageId="68" pageNumber="69">An. moucheti nigeriensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
as a synonym of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA770A13FD56FA28FC275FA4" authority="Evans, 1925" authorityName="Evans" authorityYear="1925" box="[661,950,1414,1441]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Anopheles" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="68" pageNumber="69" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="moucheti">
|
||
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA770A13FD56FA28FCB95FA4" box="[661,808,1415,1441]" italics="true" pageId="68" pageNumber="69">An. moucheti</emphasis>
|
||
Evans, 1925
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
[translated from the French].” In agreement with Gillies & de Meillon,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA770A13FE02FA04FDB95FC0" authorityName="D'Haenens" authorityYear="1961" box="[449,552,1451,1477]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Anopheles" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="68" pageNumber="69" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bervoetsi">
|
||
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA770A13FE02FA04FDB95FC0" box="[449,552,1451,1477]" italics="true" pageId="68" pageNumber="69">bervoetsi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
was reinstated as a separate species by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="FA234B2ABA770A13FC1AFA04FAA45FC0" author="Antonio-Nkondjio, C. & Ndo, C. & Kengne, P. & Mukwaya, L. & Awono-Ambene, P. & Fontenille, D. & Simard, F." box="[985,1333,1451,1477]" pageId="68" pageNumber="69" pagination="120" refId="ref143248" refString="Antonio-Nkondjio, C., Ndo, C., Kengne, P., Mukwaya, L., Awono-Ambene, P., Fontenille, D. & Simard, F. (2008) Population structure of the malaria vector Anopheles moucheti in the equatorial forest region of Africa. Malaria Journal, 7, 120. https: // doi. org / 10.1186 / 1475 - 2875 - 7 - 120" type="journal article" year="2008">
|
||
Antonio-Nkondjio
|
||
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA770A13FB6DFA04FB4F5FC0" box="[1198,1246,1451,1477]" italics="true" pageId="68" pageNumber="69">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. (2008)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
based on high levels of differentiation between 10 microsatellite loci of non-coding DNA.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="9E0D36DBBA770A12FF04FA5CFAAE5BA8" blockId="68.[151,1437,587,2017]" lastBlockId="69.[151,1437,150,789]" lastPageId="69" lastPageNumber="70" pageId="68" pageNumber="69">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="FA234B2ABA770A13FF04FA5CFE2B5C08" author="Kengne, P. & Antonio-Nkondjio, C. & Awono-Ambene, H. P. & Simard, F. & Awolola, T. S. & Fontenille, D." box="[199,442,1523,1549]" pageId="68" pageNumber="69" pagination="177 - 182" refId="ref161882" refString="Kengne, P., Antonio-Nkondjio, C., Awono-Ambene, H. P., Simard, F., Awolola, T. S. & Fontenille, D. (2007) Molecular differentiation of three closely related members of the mosquito species complex, Anopheles moucheti, by mitochondrial and ribosomal DNA polymorphism. Medical and Veterinary Entomology, 21 (2), 177 - 182. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1365 - 2915.2007.00681. x" type="journal article" year="2007">
|
||
Kengne
|
||
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA770A13FEEAFA5CFECF5C08" box="[297,350,1523,1549]" italics="true" pageId="68" pageNumber="69">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. (2007)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
investigated the use of the mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase b (
|
||
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA770A13FB78FA5CFB625C08" box="[1211,1267,1523,1549]" italics="true" pageId="68" pageNumber="69">CytB</emphasis>
|
||
) gene and the ribosomal internal transcribed spacers ITS1 and ITS2 to distinguish
|
||
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA770A13FC43F9B8FC765C34" authorityName="D'Haenens" authorityYear="1961" box="[896,999,1559,1585]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Anopheles" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="68" pageNumber="69" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bervoetsi">
|
||
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA770A13FC43F9B8FC765C34" box="[896,999,1559,1585]" italics="true" pageId="68" pageNumber="69">bervoetsi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA770A13FC31F9B8FB785C35" box="[1010,1257,1559,1585]" italics="true" pageId="68" pageNumber="69">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA770A13FC31F9B8FBC85C34" box="[1010,1113,1559,1585]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Anopheles" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="68" pageNumber="69" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" sensu="stricto" species="moucheti">moucheti</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="B7F557B2BA770A13FB9DF9B8FB785C35" box="[1118,1257,1559,1584]" pageId="68" pageNumber="69" sensu="stricto">sensu stricto</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA770A13FAD9F9B8FA045C35" box="[1306,1429,1559,1584]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Anopheles" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="68" pageNumber="69" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nigeriensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA770A13FAD9F9B8FA045C35" box="[1306,1429,1559,1584]" italics="true" pageId="68" pageNumber="69">nigeriensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, which were recognized as subspecies of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA770A13FDAAF994FD415C50" box="[617,720,1595,1621]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Anopheles" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="68" pageNumber="69" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="moucheti">
|
||
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA770A13FDAAF994FD415C50" box="[617,720,1595,1621]" italics="true" pageId="68" pageNumber="69">moucheti</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
at the time. The results of their study suggested that
|
||
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA770A13FAF5F994FEB55C7D" italics="true" pageId="68" pageNumber="69">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA770A13FAF5F994FA0C5C50" box="[1334,1437,1595,1621]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Anopheles" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="68" pageNumber="69" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" sensu="stricto" species="moucheti">moucheti</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="B7F557B2BA770A13FF54F9F0FEB55C7D" box="[151,292,1631,1656]" pageId="68" pageNumber="69" sensu="stricto">sensu stricto</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
occurs in the forested areas of central Africa while
|
||
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA770A13FCA1F9F0FC585C7C" authorityName="D'Haenens" authorityYear="1961" box="[866,969,1631,1657]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Anopheles" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="68" pageNumber="69" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bervoetsi">
|
||
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA770A13FCA1F9F0FC585C7C" box="[866,969,1631,1657]" italics="true" pageId="68" pageNumber="69">bervoetsi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA770A13FC3DF9F0FBE85C7D" box="[1022,1145,1631,1656]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Anopheles" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="68" pageNumber="69" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nigeriensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA770A13FC3DF9F0FBE85C7D" box="[1022,1145,1631,1656]" italics="true" pageId="68" pageNumber="69">nigeriensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are only found in areas of
|
||
<collectingCountry id="E6A5764BBA770A13FF54F92CFDDD5C98" box="[151,588,1667,1693]" name="Democratic Republic of the Congo" pageId="68" pageNumber="69">the Democratic Republic of the Congo</collectingCountry>
|
||
and
|
||
<collectingCountry id="E6A5764BBA770A13FD40F92CFD4B5C98" box="[643,730,1667,1693]" name="Nigeria" pageId="68" pageNumber="69">Nigeria</collectingCountry>
|
||
, which encompass their
|
||
<typeStatus id="41098879BA770A13FC2CF92CFB8E5C98" box="[1007,1055,1667,1693]" pageId="68" pageNumber="69">type</typeStatus>
|
||
localities, respectively. For ITS1, the mean genetic distance was found to be greater between
|
||
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA770A13FCEBF908FC325CC5" box="[808,931,1703,1728]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Anopheles" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="68" pageNumber="69" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nigeriensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA770A13FCEBF908FC325CC5" box="[808,931,1703,1728]" italics="true" pageId="68" pageNumber="69">nigeriensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA770A13FC14F908FBAF5CC4" authorityName="D'Haenens" authorityYear="1961" box="[983,1086,1703,1729]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Anopheles" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="68" pageNumber="69" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bervoetsi">
|
||
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA770A13FC14F908FBAF5CC4" box="[983,1086,1703,1729]" italics="true" pageId="68" pageNumber="69">bervoetsi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(0.166) than between
|
||
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA770A13FAF5F908FEB45CE1" italics="true" pageId="68" pageNumber="69">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA770A13FAF5F908FA0C5CC4" box="[1334,1437,1703,1729]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Anopheles" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="68" pageNumber="69" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" sensu="stricto" species="moucheti">moucheti</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="B7F557B2BA770A13FF54F964FEB45CE1" box="[151,293,1739,1764]" pageId="68" pageNumber="69" sensu="stricto">sensu stricto</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA770A13FE98F964FE535CE0" authorityName="D'Haenens" authorityYear="1961" box="[347,450,1739,1765]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Anopheles" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="68" pageNumber="69" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bervoetsi">
|
||
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA770A13FE98F964FE535CE0" box="[347,450,1739,1765]" italics="true" pageId="68" pageNumber="69">bervoetsi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(0.141), and lower between
|
||
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA770A13FCC7F964FC6E5CE1" box="[772,1023,1739,1765]" italics="true" pageId="68" pageNumber="69">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA770A13FCC7F964FCFA5CE0" box="[772,875,1739,1765]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Anopheles" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="68" pageNumber="69" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" sensu="stricto" species="moucheti">moucheti</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="B7F557B2BA770A13FCB1F964FC6E5CE1" box="[882,1023,1739,1764]" pageId="68" pageNumber="69" sensu="stricto">sensu stricto</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA770A13FBF5F964FB205CE1" box="[1078,1201,1739,1764]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Anopheles" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="68" pageNumber="69" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nigeriensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA770A13FBF5F964FB205CE1" box="[1078,1201,1739,1764]" italics="true" pageId="68" pageNumber="69">nigeriensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(0.084). The authors stated that “This degree of differentiation between morphological forms is relatively high, indicating significant genetic divergence among the three taxa, which is comparable with that among species.” In comparison, the ITS2 sequences exhibited a lower degree of divergence, ranging from 0.03 between
|
||
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA770A13FC34F898FB7F5D55" box="[1015,1262,1847,1873]" italics="true" pageId="68" pageNumber="69">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA770A13FC34F898FBCF5D54" box="[1015,1118,1847,1873]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Anopheles" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="68" pageNumber="69" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" sensu="stricto" species="moucheti">moucheti</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="B7F557B2BA770A13FBA0F898FB7F5D55" box="[1123,1262,1847,1872]" pageId="68" pageNumber="69" sensu="stricto">sensu stricto</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA770A13FAE2F898FA0D5D55" box="[1313,1436,1847,1872]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Anopheles" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="68" pageNumber="69" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nigeriensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA770A13FAE2F898FA0D5D55" box="[1313,1436,1847,1872]" italics="true" pageId="68" pageNumber="69">nigeriensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
to 0.063 between
|
||
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA770A13FE98F8F4FDC25D71" box="[347,595,1883,1909]" italics="true" pageId="68" pageNumber="69">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA770A13FE98F8F4FE535D70" box="[347,450,1883,1909]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Anopheles" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="68" pageNumber="69" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" sensu="stricto" species="moucheti">moucheti</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="B7F557B2BA770A13FE04F8F4FDC25D71" box="[455,595,1883,1908]" pageId="68" pageNumber="69" sensu="stricto">sensu stricto</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA770A13FD45F8F4FD7C5D70" authorityName="D'Haenens" authorityYear="1961" box="[646,749,1883,1909]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Anopheles" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="68" pageNumber="69" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bervoetsi">
|
||
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA770A13FD45F8F4FD7C5D70" box="[646,749,1883,1909]" italics="true" pageId="68" pageNumber="69">bervoetsi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Sequence differences included 30 fixed indel or substitutions between
|
||
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA770A13FF39F8D0FE635D9D" box="[250,498,1919,1945]" italics="true" pageId="68" pageNumber="69">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA770A13FF39F8D0FEF05D9C" box="[250,353,1919,1945]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Anopheles" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="68" pageNumber="69" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" sensu="stricto" species="moucheti">moucheti</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="B7F557B2BA770A13FEA5F8D0FE635D9D" box="[358,498,1919,1944]" pageId="68" pageNumber="69" sensu="stricto">sensu stricto</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA770A13FDE6F8D0FD1D5D9C" authorityName="D'Haenens" authorityYear="1961" box="[549,652,1919,1945]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Anopheles" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="68" pageNumber="69" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bervoetsi">
|
||
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA770A13FDE6F8D0FD1D5D9C" box="[549,652,1919,1945]" italics="true" pageId="68" pageNumber="69">bervoetsi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, 29 between
|
||
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA770A13FCDEF8D0FC095D9D" box="[797,920,1919,1944]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Anopheles" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="68" pageNumber="69" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nigeriensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA770A13FCDEF8D0FC095D9D" box="[797,920,1919,1944]" italics="true" pageId="68" pageNumber="69">nigeriensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA770A13FC0FF8D0FBA25D9C" authorityName="D'Haenens" authorityYear="1961" box="[972,1075,1919,1945]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Anopheles" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="68" pageNumber="69" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bervoetsi">
|
||
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA770A13FC0FF8D0FBA25D9C" box="[972,1075,1919,1945]" italics="true" pageId="68" pageNumber="69">bervoetsi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and 16 between
|
||
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA770A13FB31F8D0FF4E5DB9" italics="true" pageId="68" pageNumber="69">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA770A13FB31F8D0FAC85D9C" box="[1266,1369,1919,1945]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Anopheles" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="68" pageNumber="69" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" sensu="stricto" species="moucheti">moucheti</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="B7F557B2BA770A13FA9DF8D0FF4E5DB9" pageId="68" pageNumber="69" sensu="stricto">sensu stricto</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA770A13FED7F80CFE1E5DB9" box="[276,399,1955,1980]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Anopheles" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="68" pageNumber="69" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nigeriensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA770A13FED7F80CFE1E5DB9" box="[276,399,1955,1980]" italics="true" pageId="68" pageNumber="69">nigeriensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. For the
|
||
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA770A13FE31F80CFDBB5DB8" box="[498,554,1955,1981]" italics="true" pageId="68" pageNumber="69">CytB</emphasis>
|
||
gene, 26 fixed differences in the first codon position were identified among the three forms. The
|
||
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA770A13FE90F868FE1A5DE4" box="[339,395,1991,2017]" italics="true" pageId="68" pageNumber="69">CytB</emphasis>
|
||
gene sequences, in agreement with the ITS2 sequences, showed consistent but low divergence of
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="FB86501CBA760A12FF76FF39FF655AB4" box="[181,244,150,177]" degrees="0.035" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="69" pageNumber="70" precision="55" value="0.035">0.035</geoCoordinate>
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="FB86501CBA760A12FF37FF39FED05AB4" box="[244,321,150,177]" degrees="0.047" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="69" pageNumber="70" precision="55" value="-0.047">–0.047</geoCoordinate>
|
||
between the three forms. The authors concluded that “The concordance of genetic variability of the three markers and the lack of intraspecific geographical variation suggests that the three members of the group are true species.” In summary they stated that “The three genomic regions revealed sequence differences between the three morphological forms similar in degree to the differences shown previously for members of other anopheline species groups or complexes (genetic distance d = 0.047–0.05 for
|
||
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA760A12FC4FFE88FC555B44" box="[908,964,295,321]" italics="true" pageId="69" pageNumber="70">CytB</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="FB86501CBA760A12FC10FE88FB835B44" box="[979,1042,295,321]" degrees="0.084" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="69" pageNumber="70" precision="55" value="0.084">0.084</geoCoordinate>
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="FB86501CBA760A12FBD1FE88FBF15B44" box="[1042,1120,295,321]" degrees="0.166" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="69" pageNumber="70" precision="55" value="-0.166">–0.166</geoCoordinate>
|
||
for ITS1 and 0.03–0.05 for ITS2).” In view of the genetic evidence, we are suprised that Kengne
|
||
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA760A12FC6EFEE4FC4E5B60" box="[941,991,331,357]" italics="true" pageId="69" pageNumber="70">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. did not formally elevate
|
||
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA760A12FAC7FEE4FAEE5B61" box="[1284,1407,331,356]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Anopheles" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="69" pageNumber="70" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nigeriensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA760A12FAC7FEE4FAEE5B61" box="[1284,1407,331,356]" italics="true" pageId="69" pageNumber="70">nigeriensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
to specific rank. But having said that, the taxonomic status of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA760A12FC86FEC0FC515B8D" box="[837,960,367,392]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Anopheles" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="69" pageNumber="70" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nigeriensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA760A12FC86FEC0FC515B8D" box="[837,960,367,392]" italics="true" pageId="69" pageNumber="70">nigeriensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
was not relevant to the objective of their study, which was to elucidate molecular means for distinguishing and identifying the three nominal forms.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="9E0D36DBBA760A12FF04FE18FEFC5864" blockId="69.[151,1437,150,789]" pageId="69" pageNumber="70">
|
||
Despite the available morphological, molecular and distribution data,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA760A12FC12FE18FBDD5BD5" box="[977,1100,439,464]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Anopheles" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="69" pageNumber="70" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nigeriensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA760A12FC12FE18FBDD5BD5" box="[977,1100,439,464]" italics="true" pageId="69" pageNumber="70">nigeriensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
continued to be recognized as a subspecies (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="FA234B2ABA760A12FEEDFE74FE415BF0" author="Harbach, R. E." box="[302,464,475,501]" pageId="69" pageNumber="70" refId="ref158710" refString="Harbach, R. E. (2018) Culicipedia: Species-group, genus-group and family-group names in Culicidae (Diptera). CABI, Wallingford, Oxfordshire, xviii + 378 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.1079 / 9781786399052.0000" type="book" year="2018">Harbach 2018</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="FA234B2ABA760A12FE19FE74FDE75BF0" author="Coetzee, M." box="[474,630,475,501]" pageId="69" pageNumber="70" pagination="70" refId="ref148422" refString="Coetzee, M. (2020) Key to the females of Afrotropical Anopheles mosquitoes (Diptera: Culicidae). Malaria Journal, 19, 70. https: // doi. org / 10.1186 / s 12936 - 020 - 3144 - 9" type="journal article" year="2020">Coetzee 2020</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="FA234B2ABA760A12FDBCFE74FCA05BF0" author="Irish, S. R. & Kyalo, D. & Snow, R. W. & Coetzee, M." box="[639,817,475,501]" pageId="69" pageNumber="70" pagination="401 - 449" refId="ref161299" refString="Irish, S. R., Kyalo, D., Snow, R. W. & Coetzee, M. (2020) Updated list of Anopheles species (Diptera: Culicidae) by country in the Afrotropical Region and associated islands. Zootaxa, 4747 (3), 401 - 449. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4747.3.1" type="journal article" year="2020">
|
||
Irish
|
||
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA760A12FD7BFE74FD795BF0" box="[696,744,475,501]" italics="true" pageId="69" pageNumber="70">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 2020
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="FA234B2ABA760A12FCF9FE74FBBA5BF0" author="Wilkerson, R. C. & Linton, Y. - M. & Strickman, D." box="[826,1067,475,501]" pageId="69" pageNumber="70" refId="ref184924" refString="Wilkerson, R. C., Linton, Y. - M. & Strickman, D. (2021) Mosquitoes of the world. Vols. 1 & 2. Johns Hopkins University Press, Baltimore, Maryland, 1332 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.1186 / s 13071 - 021 - 04848 - 6" type="book" year="2021">
|
||
Wilkerson
|
||
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA760A12FC70FE74FC725BF0" box="[947,995,475,501]" italics="true" pageId="69" pageNumber="70">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 2021
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). In fact,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA760A12FB52FE74FA9D5BF1" box="[1169,1292,475,500]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Anopheles" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="69" pageNumber="70" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nigeriensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA760A12FB52FE74FA9D5BF1" box="[1169,1292,475,500]" italics="true" pageId="69" pageNumber="70">nigeriensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
as a separate entity has largely been ignored,
|
||
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA760A12FE3CFE50FDB6581D" box="[511,551,511,536]" italics="true" pageId="69" pageNumber="70">e.g.</emphasis>
|
||
, in the recent list of countries in which Afrotropical species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA760A12FB2FFE50FAF0581C" box="[1260,1377,511,537]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Anopheles" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="69" pageNumber="70" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA760A12FB2FFE50FAF0581C" box="[1260,1377,511,537]" italics="true" pageId="69" pageNumber="70">Anopheles</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
have been recorded (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="FA234B2ABA760A12FE87FD8CFE6A5838" author="Irish, S. R. & Kyalo, D. & Snow, R. W. & Coetzee, M." box="[324,507,547,573]" pageId="69" pageNumber="70" pagination="401 - 449" refId="ref161299" refString="Irish, S. R., Kyalo, D., Snow, R. W. & Coetzee, M. (2020) Updated list of Anopheles species (Diptera: Culicidae) by country in the Afrotropical Region and associated islands. Zootaxa, 4747 (3), 401 - 449. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4747.3.1" type="journal article" year="2020">
|
||
Irish
|
||
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA760A12FE43FD8CFE205838" box="[384,433,547,573]" italics="true" pageId="69" pageNumber="70">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 2020
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), the authors stated “As
|
||
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA760A12FCCEFD8CFC245839" box="[781,949,547,573]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Anopheles" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="69" pageNumber="70" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nigeriensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA760A12FCCEFD8CFC245839" box="[781,949,547,573]" italics="true" pageId="69" pageNumber="70">An. nigeriensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
refers to a subspecies of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA760A12FB12FD8CFAF45838" box="[1233,1381,547,573]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Anopheles" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="69" pageNumber="70" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="moucheti">
|
||
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA760A12FB12FD8CFAF45838" box="[1233,1381,547,573]" italics="true" pageId="69" pageNumber="70">An. moucheti</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, it is not included here.”
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="9E0D36DBBA760A12FF04FDC4FC745910" blockId="69.[151,1437,150,789]" pageId="69" pageNumber="70">
|
||
In view of the morphological, distributional and in particular the molecular distinctions detailed above, we are compelled to formally recognize
|
||
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA760A12FDD0FD20FD1F58AD" box="[531,654,655,680]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Anopheles" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="69" pageNumber="70" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nigeriensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA760A12FDD0FD20FD1F58AD" box="[531,654,655,680]" italics="true" pageId="69" pageNumber="70">nigeriensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
as a separate species of the Moucheti Complex:
|
||
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA760A12FB00FD21FE3F58C9" authority="Evans, 1931" authorityName="Evans" authorityYear="1931" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Anopheles" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="69" pageNumber="70" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nigeriensis" subGenus="Cellia">
|
||
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA760A12FB00FD21FE3F58C9" bold="true" pageId="69" pageNumber="70">
|
||
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA760A12FB00FD21FAAD58AC" bold="true" box="[1219,1340,654,681]" italics="true" pageId="69" pageNumber="70">Anopheles</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA760A12FA8DFD21FA0358AC" bold="true" box="[1358,1426,654,681]" italics="true" pageId="69" pageNumber="70">Cellia</emphasis>
|
||
)
|
||
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA760A12FF54FD1CFE8458C8" bold="true" box="[151,277,691,717]" italics="true" pageId="69" pageNumber="70">nigeriensis</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="FA234B2ABA760A12FEDEFD1CFE3F58C9" author="Evans, A. M." box="[285,430,690,717]" pageId="69" pageNumber="70" pagination="129 - 143" refId="ref155079" refString="Evans, A. M. (1931) Notes on African anophelines. Annals of Tropical Medicine and Parasitology, 25 (1), 129 - 143. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 00034983.1931.11684674" type="journal article" year="1931">Evans, 1931</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA760A12FE7EFD1CFD2558C9" box="[445,692,691,717]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Anopheles" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="69" pageNumber="70" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nigeriensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA760A12FE7EFD1CFD2558C9" box="[445,692,691,717]" italics="true" pageId="69" pageNumber="70">Anopheles nigeriensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is not currently included as a species in the Encyclopedia of Life and should be added to the list of species of the genus. As currently understood, the Moucheti Complex includes three species,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA760A12FEF6FD54FDB55910" authority="D'Haenens" authorityName="D'Haenens" authorityYear="1961" box="[309,548,763,789]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Anopheles" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="69" pageNumber="70" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bervoetsi">
|
||
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA760A12FEF6FD54FE0D5910" box="[309,412,763,789]" italics="true" pageId="69" pageNumber="70">bervoetsi</emphasis>
|
||
D’Haenens
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA760A12FDECFD54FD715910" authority="Evans" authorityName="Evans" box="[559,736,763,789]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Anopheles" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="69" pageNumber="70" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="moucheti">
|
||
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA760A12FDECFD54FD075910" box="[559,662,763,789]" italics="true" pageId="69" pageNumber="70">moucheti</emphasis>
|
||
Evans
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA760A12FCD4FD54FC745910" authority="Evans." authorityName="Evans." box="[791,997,763,789]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Anopheles" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="69" pageNumber="70" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nigeriensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA760A12FCD4FD54FC035911" box="[791,914,763,788]" italics="true" pageId="69" pageNumber="70">nigeriensis</emphasis>
|
||
Evans.
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |