264 lines
33 KiB
XML
264 lines
33 KiB
XML
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<mods:title id="3B6D40ABB04B506FE9BB6BA4200E167F">The insupportable validity of mosquito subspecies (Diptera: Culicidae) and their exclusion from culicid classification</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="5DC036F4ADEBEB148F5DCEB141EB2C7B">Harbach, Ralph E.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="57BE1F9926DD40D7F04C1627AA725773">Wilkerson, Richard C.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="A709C64070A2F62BB5CC98A4C1657078" type="email">wilkersonr@si.edu</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:title id="F7292E1025FAA40E23ECB3817F6B5443">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="3466BBF9111253DD16EBC52C028C2121">2023</mods:date>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment id="161B87CDBA5E0A39FF54FC25FDB85B18" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8064281" ID-GBIF-Taxon="209700363" ID-Zenodo-Dep="8064281" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:161B87CDBA5E0A39FF54FC25FDB85B18" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/161B87CDBA5E0A39FF54FC25FDB85B18" lastPageId="110" lastPageNumber="110" pageId="109" pageNumber="110">
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<subSubSection id="D6A86550BA5E0A3AFF54FC25FD2E59A1" box="[151,703,906,933]" pageId="109" pageNumber="110" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="9E0D36DBBA5E0A3AFF54FC25FD2E59A1" blockId="109.[151,703,906,933]" box="[151,703,906,933]" pageId="109" pageNumber="110">
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<heading id="C54581B7BA5E0A3AFF54FC25FD2E59A1" bold="true" box="[151,703,906,933]" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="109" pageNumber="110" reason="4">
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<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA5E0A3AFF54FC25FD2E59A1" ID-CoL="8BPQL" authority="(Theobald)" baseAuthorityName="Theobald" baseAuthorityYear="1901" box="[151,703,906,933]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Culiseta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="109" pageNumber="110" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="frenchii" subGenus="Neotheobaldia">
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<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA5E0A3AFF54FC25FD2E59A1" bold="true" box="[151,703,906,933]" pageId="109" pageNumber="110">
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<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA5E0A3AFF54FC25FF6B59A0" bold="true" box="[151,250,906,933]" italics="true" pageId="109" pageNumber="110">Culiseta</emphasis>
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(
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<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA5E0A3AFECFFC25FE2D59A0" bold="true" box="[268,444,906,933]" italics="true" pageId="109" pageNumber="110">Neotheobaldia</emphasis>
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)
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<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA5E0A3AFE0EFC25FDBC59A0" bold="true" box="[461,557,906,933]" italics="true" pageId="109" pageNumber="110">frenchii</emphasis>
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(Theobald)
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</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="D6A86550BA5E0A3AFF54FC60FE725E46" pageId="109" pageNumber="110" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="9E0D36DBBA5E0A3AFF54FC60FDDF5E03" blockId="109.[151,1437,975,1091]" pageId="109" pageNumber="110">
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subspecies
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<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA5E0A3AFED1FC60FDE659E2" authority="(Dobrotworsky, 1954)" baseAuthorityName="Dobrotworsky" baseAuthorityYear="1954" box="[274,631,975,999]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Culiseta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="109" pageNumber="110" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="atritarsalis">
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<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA5E0A3AFED1FC60FE1259E2" bold="true" box="[274,387,975,999]" italics="true" pageId="109" pageNumber="110">atritarsalis</emphasis>
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(
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<bibRefCitation id="FA234B2ABA5E0A3AFE54FC60FDE159E2" author="Dobrotworsky, N. V." box="[407,624,975,999]" pageId="109" pageNumber="110" pagination="65 - 78" refId="ref151757" refString="Dobrotworsky, N. V. (1954) The genus Theobaldia (Diptera, Culicidae) in Victoria. Proceedings of the Linnean Society of New South Wales, 79 (3 - 4), 65 - 78." type="journal article" year="1954">Dobrotworsky, 1954</bibRefCitation>
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)
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</taxonomicName>
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—original combination:
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<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA5E0A3AFC47FC60FA9659E2" baseAuthorityName="Dobrotworsky" baseAuthorityYear="1954" box="[900,1287,975,999]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Theobaldia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" isUncertain="true" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="109" pageNumber="110" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="frenchi">
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<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA5E0A3AFC47FC60FBDD59E2" box="[900,1100,975,999]" italics="true" pageId="109" pageNumber="110">Theobaldia frenchi</emphasis>
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[
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<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA5E0A3AFBA0FC7FFBEE59E2" box="[1123,1151,976,999]" italics="true" pageId="109" pageNumber="110">sic</emphasis>
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]
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<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA5E0A3AFB55FC60FA9659E2" box="[1174,1287,975,999]" italics="true" pageId="109" pageNumber="110">atritarsalis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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. Distribution:
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<collectingCountry id="E6A5764BBA5E0A3AFF04FC41FEB55E03" box="[199,292,1006,1030]" name="Australia" pageId="109" pageNumber="110">Australia</collectingCountry>
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(
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<collectingRegion id="5C76F839BA5E0A3AFEF2FC41FE175E03" box="[305,390,1006,1030]" country="Australia" name="Victoria" pageId="109" pageNumber="110">Victoria</collectingRegion>
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) (
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<bibRefCitation id="FA234B2ABA5E0A3AFE59FC41FDD25E03" author="Lee, D. J. & Hicks, M. M. & Debenham, M. L. & Griffiths, M. & Bryan, J. H. & Marks, E. N." box="[410,579,1006,1030]" pageId="109" pageNumber="110" refId="ref164133" refString="Lee, D. J., Hicks, M. M., Debenham, M. L., Griffiths, M., Bryan, J. H. & Marks, E. N. (1988 a) The Culicidae of the Australasian Region. Vol. 9. Nomenclature, synonymy, literature, distribution, biology and relation to disease. Genus Culex (Subgenera Lutzia, Neoculex, Subgenus undecided). Genera Culiseta, Ficalbia, Heizmannia, Hodgesia, Malaya, Mansonia. Monograph Series, Entomology Monograph No. 2. Australian Government Publishing Service, Canberra, ix + 162 pp." type="book" year="1988">
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Lee
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<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA5E0A3AFE0BFC40FE655E03" box="[456,500,1006,1030]" italics="true" pageId="109" pageNumber="110">et al</emphasis>
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. 1988a
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</bibRefCitation>
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).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="9E0D36DBBA5E0A3AFF54FBA3FE725E46" blockId="109.[151,1437,975,1091]" pageId="109" pageNumber="110">
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subspecies
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<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA5E0A3AFED2FBA3FDBE5E21" ID-CoL="8BPQL" authority="(Theobald, 1901 c)" baseAuthorityName="Theobald" baseAuthorityYear="1901" box="[273,559,1036,1060]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Culiseta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="109" pageNumber="110" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="frenchii">
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<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA5E0A3AFED2FBA3FEF55E21" bold="true" box="[273,356,1036,1060]" italics="true" pageId="109" pageNumber="110">frenchii</emphasis>
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(
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<bibRefCitation id="FA234B2ABA5E0A3AFEBBFBA3FDB95E21" author="Theobald, F. V." box="[376,552,1036,1060]" pageId="109" pageNumber="110" refId="ref181504" refString="Theobald, F. V. (1901 c) A monograph of the Culicidae or mosquitoes. Vol. 2. British Museum (Natural History), London, viii + 391 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 58067" type="book" year="1901">Theobald, 1901c</bibRefCitation>
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)
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</taxonomicName>
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—original combination:
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<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA5E0A3AFCFFFBA3FC435E21" ID-CoL="8BNFR" authorityName="Theobald" authorityYear="1901" box="[828,978,1036,1060]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Culex" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="109" pageNumber="110" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="frenchii">
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<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA5E0A3AFCFFFBA3FC435E21" box="[828,978,1036,1060]" italics="true" pageId="109" pageNumber="110">Culex frenchii</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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. Distribution:
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<collectingCountry id="E6A5764BBA5E0A3AFBB0FBA3FB415E21" box="[1139,1232,1036,1060]" name="Australia" pageId="109" pageNumber="110">Australia</collectingCountry>
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(South Gippsland,
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<collectingRegion id="5C76F839BA5E0A3AFF04FB84FE8B5E46" box="[199,282,1067,1091]" country="Australia" name="Victoria" pageId="109" pageNumber="110">Victoria</collectingRegion>
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) (
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<bibRefCitation id="FA234B2ABA5E0A3AFEEDFB84FE465E46" author="Lee, D. J. & Hicks, M. M. & Debenham, M. L. & Griffiths, M. & Bryan, J. H. & Marks, E. N." box="[302,471,1067,1091]" pageId="109" pageNumber="110" refId="ref164133" refString="Lee, D. J., Hicks, M. M., Debenham, M. L., Griffiths, M., Bryan, J. H. & Marks, E. N. (1988 a) The Culicidae of the Australasian Region. Vol. 9. Nomenclature, synonymy, literature, distribution, biology and relation to disease. Genus Culex (Subgenera Lutzia, Neoculex, Subgenus undecided). Genera Culiseta, Ficalbia, Heizmannia, Hodgesia, Malaya, Mansonia. Monograph Series, Entomology Monograph No. 2. Australian Government Publishing Service, Canberra, ix + 162 pp." type="book" year="1988">
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Lee
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<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA5E0A3AFE9FFB83FE185E46" box="[348,393,1067,1091]" italics="true" pageId="109" pageNumber="110">et al</emphasis>
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. 1988a
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</bibRefCitation>
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).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="D6A86550BA5E0A39FF54FBDDFDB85B18" lastPageId="110" lastPageNumber="111" pageId="109" pageNumber="110" type="description">
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<paragraph id="9E0D36DBBA5E0A3AFF54FBDDFC195F82" blockId="109.[151,1437,1137,2028]" pageId="109" pageNumber="110">
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It is surprising that
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<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA5E0A3AFEB0FBDDFE645E8E" authorityName="Theobald" authorityYear="1901" box="[371,501,1137,1164]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Culex" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="109" pageNumber="110" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="frenchii">
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<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA5E0A3AFEB0FBDDFE645E8E" box="[371,501,1137,1164]" italics="true" pageId="109" pageNumber="110">Cs. frenchii</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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has received comparatively little taxonomic attention. According to
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<bibRefCitation id="FA234B2ABA5E0A3AFB39FBDEFF735EB5" author="Dobrotworsky, N. V." pageId="109" pageNumber="110" refId="ref151798" refString="Dobrotworsky, N. V. (1965) The mosquitoes of Victoria (Diptera, Culicidae). Melbourne University Press, Melbourne; Cambridge University Press, London, New York, (vii) + 237 pp., 3 pls." type="book" year="1965">Dobrotworsky (1965)</bibRefCitation>
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and
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<bibRefCitation id="FA234B2ABA5E0A3AFEE3FB39FE645EAA" author="Lee, D. J. & Hicks, M. M. & Debenham, M. L. & Griffiths, M. & Bryan, J. H. & Marks, E. N." box="[288,501,1173,1200]" pageId="109" pageNumber="110" refId="ref164133" refString="Lee, D. J., Hicks, M. M., Debenham, M. L., Griffiths, M., Bryan, J. H. & Marks, E. N. (1988 a) The Culicidae of the Australasian Region. Vol. 9. Nomenclature, synonymy, literature, distribution, biology and relation to disease. Genus Culex (Subgenera Lutzia, Neoculex, Subgenus undecided). Genera Culiseta, Ficalbia, Heizmannia, Hodgesia, Malaya, Mansonia. Monograph Series, Entomology Monograph No. 2. Australian Government Publishing Service, Canberra, ix + 162 pp." type="book" year="1988">
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Lee
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<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA5E0A3AFE96FB39FE1B5EAA" box="[341,394,1173,1199]" italics="true" pageId="109" pageNumber="110">et al</emphasis>
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. (1988a)
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</bibRefCitation>
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, this species is only known with certainty from
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<collectingRegion id="5C76F839BA5E0A3AFBECFB3AFB5D5EAA" box="[1071,1228,1173,1199]" country="Australia" name="Victoria" pageId="109" pageNumber="110">Victoria State</collectingRegion>
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of
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<collectingCountry id="E6A5764BBA5E0A3AFB34FB3AFACC5EAA" box="[1271,1373,1173,1199]" name="Australia" pageId="109" pageNumber="110">Australia</collectingCountry>
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—the Eastern Highlands (Great Dividing Range or Great Divide) and Gippsland (a region in the southeast), with the northwestern limit of its distribution being roughly defined by the isohyet of
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<quantity id="594A9B3EBA5E0A3AFC3DFB72FBC05EFD" box="[1022,1105,1245,1272]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="109" pageNumber="110" unit="cm" value="100.0">100 cm</quantity>
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of annual rainfall. Ironically, subspecies
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<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA5E0A3AFED5FAAEFE035F1E" baseAuthorityName="Dobrotworsky" baseAuthorityYear="1954" box="[278,402,1281,1307]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Culiseta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="109" pageNumber="110" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="atritarsalis">
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<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA5E0A3AFED5FAAEFE035F1E" box="[278,402,1281,1307]" italics="true" pageId="109" pageNumber="110">atritarsalis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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is only known from the highlands of South Gippsland (
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<bibRefCitation id="FA234B2ABA5E0A3AFBC0FAAEFB2C5F1E" author="Lee, D. J. & Hicks, M. M. & Debenham, M. L. & Griffiths, M. & Bryan, J. H. & Marks, E. N." box="[1027,1213,1281,1308]" pageId="109" pageNumber="110" refId="ref164133" refString="Lee, D. J., Hicks, M. M., Debenham, M. L., Griffiths, M., Bryan, J. H. & Marks, E. N. (1988 a) The Culicidae of the Australasian Region. Vol. 9. Nomenclature, synonymy, literature, distribution, biology and relation to disease. Genus Culex (Subgenera Lutzia, Neoculex, Subgenus undecided). Genera Culiseta, Ficalbia, Heizmannia, Hodgesia, Malaya, Mansonia. Monograph Series, Entomology Monograph No. 2. Australian Government Publishing Service, Canberra, ix + 162 pp." type="book" year="1988">
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Lee
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<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA5E0A3AFBF5FAADFBF65F1E" box="[1078,1127,1281,1307]" italics="true" pageId="109" pageNumber="110">et al</emphasis>
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. 1988a
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</bibRefCitation>
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), a region of rolling hills extending from Latrobe Valley in the north to the southernmost point of
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<collectingRegion id="5C76F839BA5E0A3AFBD8FA8AFB2A5F3A" box="[1051,1211,1317,1343]" country="Australia" name="Victoria" pageId="109" pageNumber="110">Victoria State</collectingRegion>
|
|
. Larvae of the
|
|
<typeStatus id="41098879BA5E0A3AFAAFFA89FA0D5F45" box="[1388,1436,1318,1344]" pageId="109" pageNumber="110">type</typeStatus>
|
|
form are found in the tunnels of terrestrial crayfish. In the absence of specific information, larvae of subspecies
|
|
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA5E0A3AFF54FAC2FE825F82" baseAuthorityName="Dobrotworsky" baseAuthorityYear="1954" box="[151,275,1389,1415]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Culiseta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="109" pageNumber="110" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="atritarsalis">
|
|
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA5E0A3AFF54FAC2FE825F82" box="[151,275,1389,1415]" italics="true" pageId="109" pageNumber="110">atritarsalis</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
presumably occupy the same habitat (
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="FA234B2ABA5E0A3AFD02FAC2FCEA5F82" author="Lee, D. J. & Hicks, M. M. & Debenham, M. L. & Griffiths, M. & Bryan, J. H. & Marks, E. N." box="[705,891,1389,1416]" pageId="109" pageNumber="110" refId="ref164133" refString="Lee, D. J., Hicks, M. M., Debenham, M. L., Griffiths, M., Bryan, J. H. & Marks, E. N. (1988 a) The Culicidae of the Australasian Region. Vol. 9. Nomenclature, synonymy, literature, distribution, biology and relation to disease. Genus Culex (Subgenera Lutzia, Neoculex, Subgenus undecided). Genera Culiseta, Ficalbia, Heizmannia, Hodgesia, Malaya, Mansonia. Monograph Series, Entomology Monograph No. 2. Australian Government Publishing Service, Canberra, ix + 162 pp." type="book" year="1988">
|
|
Lee
|
|
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA5E0A3AFD30FAC1FCB45F82" box="[755,805,1389,1415]" italics="true" pageId="109" pageNumber="110">et al</emphasis>
|
|
. 1988a
|
|
</bibRefCitation>
|
|
).
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph id="9E0D36DBBA5E0A3AFF04FA3EFB735CCE" blockId="109.[151,1437,1137,2028]" pageId="109" pageNumber="110">
|
|
When
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="FA234B2ABA5E0A3AFED7FA3EFD9A5FA9" author="Dobrotworsky, N. V." box="[276,523,1425,1452]" pageId="109" pageNumber="110" pagination="65 - 78" refId="ref151757" refString="Dobrotworsky, N. V. (1954) The genus Theobaldia (Diptera, Culicidae) in Victoria. Proceedings of the Linnean Society of New South Wales, 79 (3 - 4), 65 - 78." type="journal article" year="1954">Dobrotworsky (1954)</bibRefCitation>
|
|
described subspecies
|
|
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA5E0A3AFCCFFA3EFC195FAE" baseAuthorityName="Dobrotworsky" baseAuthorityYear="1954" box="[780,904,1425,1451]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Culiseta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="109" pageNumber="110" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="atritarsalis">
|
|
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA5E0A3AFCCFFA3EFC195FAE" box="[780,904,1425,1451]" italics="true" pageId="109" pageNumber="110">atritarsalis</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
, he stated that the male genitalia, pupa, larva and eggs are identical with those of the
|
|
<typeStatus id="41098879BA5E0A3AFD92FA19FD105FD5" box="[593,641,1462,1488]" pageId="109" pageNumber="110">type</typeStatus>
|
|
form. This was reiterated by
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="FA234B2ABA5E0A3AFC0AFA1AFB2F5FD5" author="Dobrotworsky, N. V." box="[969,1214,1461,1488]" pageId="109" pageNumber="110" refId="ref151798" refString="Dobrotworsky, N. V. (1965) The mosquitoes of Victoria (Diptera, Culicidae). Melbourne University Press, Melbourne; Cambridge University Press, London, New York, (vii) + 237 pp., 3 pls." type="book" year="1965">Dobrotworsky (1965)</bibRefCitation>
|
|
, and
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="FA234B2ABA5E0A3AFB3AFA1AFA095FCA" author="Maslov, A. V." box="[1273,1432,1461,1487]" pageId="109" pageNumber="110" pagination="1 - 182" refId="ref168335" refString="Maslov, A. V. (1967) Krovososushchie komarȳ podtribȳ Culisetina (Diptera, Culicidae) mirovoi faunȳ [Bloodsucking mosquitoes of the subtribe Culisetina (Diptera, Culicidae) of the world]. Academie Imperiale des Sciences, Musee Zoologique, St Petersburg. Opredeliteli po faune SSSR, Vȳp. 93, 1 - 182, 1 pl. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 46351" type="journal article" year="1967">Maslov (1967</bibRefCitation>
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|
,
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="FA234B2ABA5E0A3AFF54FA76FF415FF6" author="Maslov, A. V." box="[151,208,1497,1523]" pageId="109" pageNumber="110" refId="ref168413" refString="Maslov, A. V. (1989) Blood-sucking mosquitoes of the subtribe Culisetina (Diptera, Culicidae) in world fauna. Smithsonian Institution Libraries and the National Science Foundation, Washington, D. C., xv + 248 pp., 1 pl." type="book" year="1989">1989</bibRefCitation>
|
|
) also noted that “The distribution and ecology of these two subspecies are identical.” In his original description of
|
|
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA5E0A3AFF76FA52FE9A5C12" authorityName="Theobald" authorityYear="1901" box="[181,267,1533,1559]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Culex" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="109" pageNumber="110" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="frenchii">
|
|
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA5E0A3AFF76FA52FE9A5C12" box="[181,267,1533,1559]" italics="true" pageId="109" pageNumber="110">frenchii</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
, based on adult females,
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="FA234B2ABA5E0A3AFDE7FA52FD7A5C12" author="Theobald, F. V." box="[548,747,1533,1559]" pageId="109" pageNumber="110" refId="ref181504" refString="Theobald, F. V. (1901 c) A monograph of the Culicidae or mosquitoes. Vol. 2. British Museum (Natural History), London, viii + 391 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 58067" type="book" year="1901">Theobald (1901c)</bibRefCitation>
|
|
provided illustrations of the head and wing.
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="FA234B2ABA5E0A3AFB1EFA52FA0D5C12" author="Edwards, F. W." box="[1245,1436,1533,1559]" pageId="109" pageNumber="110" pagination="101 - 131" refId="ref153898" refString="Edwards, F. W. (1926 a) Mosquito notes. - VI. Bulletin of Entomological Research, 17 (2), 101 - 131. https: // doi. org / 10.1017 / S 0007485300019143" type="journal article" year="1926">Edwards (1926a)</bibRefCitation>
|
|
described the male, but did so without illustrations. The male genitalia were later illustrated by
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="FA234B2ABA5E0A3AFB39F98EFF4A5C65" author="Dobrotworsky, N. V." pageId="109" pageNumber="110" pagination="65 - 78" refId="ref151757" refString="Dobrotworsky, N. V. (1954) The genus Theobaldia (Diptera, Culicidae) in Victoria. Proceedings of the Linnean Society of New South Wales, 79 (3 - 4), 65 - 78." type="journal article" year="1954">Dobrotworsky (1954</bibRefCitation>
|
|
,
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="FA234B2ABA5E0A3AFF25F9EAFE8E5C65" author="Dobrotworsky, N. V." box="[230,287,1605,1632]" pageId="109" pageNumber="110" refId="ref151798" refString="Dobrotworsky, N. V. (1965) The mosquitoes of Victoria (Diptera, Culicidae). Melbourne University Press, Melbourne; Cambridge University Press, London, New York, (vii) + 237 pp., 3 pls." type="book" year="1965">1965</bibRefCitation>
|
|
) and
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="FA234B2ABA5E0A3AFE9DF9EAFE6C5C5A" author="Maslov, A. V." box="[350,509,1605,1631]" pageId="109" pageNumber="110" pagination="1 - 182" refId="ref168335" refString="Maslov, A. V. (1967) Krovososushchie komarȳ podtribȳ Culisetina (Diptera, Culicidae) mirovoi faunȳ [Bloodsucking mosquitoes of the subtribe Culisetina (Diptera, Culicidae) of the world]. Academie Imperiale des Sciences, Musee Zoologique, St Petersburg. Opredeliteli po faune SSSR, Vȳp. 93, 1 - 182, 1 pl. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 46351" type="journal article" year="1967">Maslov (1967</bibRefCitation>
|
|
,
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="FA234B2ABA5E0A3AFDC4F9EAFDD25C5A" author="Maslov, A. V." box="[519,579,1605,1631]" pageId="109" pageNumber="110" refId="ref168413" refString="Maslov, A. V. (1989) Blood-sucking mosquitoes of the subtribe Culisetina (Diptera, Culicidae) in world fauna. Smithsonian Institution Libraries and the National Science Foundation, Washington, D. C., xv + 248 pp., 1 pl." type="book" year="1989">1989</bibRefCitation>
|
|
), and the head and terminal abdominal segments of the larva were illustrated by
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="FA234B2ABA5E0A3AFF7FF9C6FE245C81" author="Dobrotworsky, N. V." box="[188,437,1641,1668]" pageId="109" pageNumber="110" refId="ref151798" refString="Dobrotworsky, N. V. (1965) The mosquitoes of Victoria (Diptera, Culicidae). Melbourne University Press, Melbourne; Cambridge University Press, London, New York, (vii) + 237 pp., 3 pls." type="book" year="1965">Dobrotworsky (1965)</bibRefCitation>
|
|
. The descriptions associated with the illustrations indicate the male genitalia and larvae were not studied in detail and were only superficially examined. None of the life stages of subspecies
|
|
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA5E0A3AFAE3F922FA0D5CA2" baseAuthorityName="Dobrotworsky" baseAuthorityYear="1954" box="[1312,1436,1677,1703]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Culiseta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="109" pageNumber="110" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="atritarsalis">
|
|
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA5E0A3AFAE3F922FA0D5CA2" box="[1312,1436,1677,1703]" italics="true" pageId="109" pageNumber="110">atritarsalis</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
have been illustrated, and the immature stages have not been fully described for either subspecies.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph id="9E0D36DBBA5E0A39FF04F97AFDB85B18" blockId="109.[151,1437,1137,2028]" lastBlockId="110.[151,1436,151,285]" lastPageId="110" lastPageNumber="111" pageId="109" pageNumber="110">
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="FA234B2ABA5E0A3AFF04F97AFE2F5CF5" author="Dobrotworsky, N. V." box="[199,446,1749,1776]" pageId="109" pageNumber="110" pagination="65 - 78" refId="ref151757" refString="Dobrotworsky, N. V. (1954) The genus Theobaldia (Diptera, Culicidae) in Victoria. Proceedings of the Linnean Society of New South Wales, 79 (3 - 4), 65 - 78." type="journal article" year="1954">Dobrotworsky (1954)</bibRefCitation>
|
|
briefly described the adults of subspecies
|
|
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA5E0A3AFC73F97AFBBD5CEA" baseAuthorityName="Dobrotworsky" baseAuthorityYear="1954" box="[944,1068,1749,1775]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Culiseta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="109" pageNumber="110" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="atritarsalis">
|
|
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA5E0A3AFC73F97AFBBD5CEA" box="[944,1068,1749,1775]" italics="true" pageId="109" pageNumber="110">atritarsalis</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
as follows: “This subspecies is clearly distinguished from the
|
|
<typeStatus id="41098879BA5E0A3AFE3DF955FDBF5D11" box="[510,558,1786,1812]" pageId="109" pageNumber="110">type</typeStatus>
|
|
by its general darker colour; the thorax is brown, the proboscis, the palps [maxillary palpi] and the legs are clothed with almost black scales; the legs also are dark apically [in the
|
|
<typeStatus id="41098879BA5E0A3AFAEDF8B1FACF5D3D" box="[1326,1374,1822,1848]" pageId="109" pageNumber="110">type</typeStatus>
|
|
form “the last three segments of the tarsi are pale”]. The male palpi are even more hairy than those of the
|
|
<typeStatus id="41098879BA5E0A3AFAC8F8EDFAAF5D59" box="[1291,1342,1858,1884]" pageId="109" pageNumber="110">type</typeStatus>
|
|
, and the shaft apically has about thirty long hairs.”
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="FA234B2ABA5E0A3AFD47F8CAFCB45D7A" author="Maslov, A. V." box="[644,805,1893,1919]" pageId="109" pageNumber="110" pagination="1 - 182" refId="ref168335" refString="Maslov, A. V. (1967) Krovososushchie komarȳ podtribȳ Culisetina (Diptera, Culicidae) mirovoi faunȳ [Bloodsucking mosquitoes of the subtribe Culisetina (Diptera, Culicidae) of the world]. Academie Imperiale des Sciences, Musee Zoologique, St Petersburg. Opredeliteli po faune SSSR, Vȳp. 93, 1 - 182, 1 pl. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 46351" type="journal article" year="1967">Maslov (1967</bibRefCitation>
|
|
,
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="FA234B2ABA5E0A3AFCF0F8CAFCFD5D7A" author="Maslov, A. V." box="[819,876,1893,1919]" pageId="109" pageNumber="110" refId="ref168413" refString="Maslov, A. V. (1989) Blood-sucking mosquitoes of the subtribe Culisetina (Diptera, Culicidae) in world fauna. Smithsonian Institution Libraries and the National Science Foundation, Washington, D. C., xv + 248 pp., 1 pl." type="book" year="1989">1989</bibRefCitation>
|
|
) more succinctly stated that the “two subspecies differ in the following way: in the former [
|
|
<typeStatus id="41098879BA5E0A3AFDBCF825FD235DA1" box="[639,690,1930,1956]" pageId="109" pageNumber="110">type</typeStatus>
|
|
form], the first 3 distal tarsal segments of all legs are completely light while, in the later [
|
|
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA5E0A3AFE66F802FDB05DC2" baseAuthorityName="Dobrotworsky" baseAuthorityYear="1954" box="[421,545,1965,1991]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Culiseta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="109" pageNumber="110" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="atritarsalis">
|
|
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA5E0A3AFE66F802FDB05DC2" box="[421,545,1965,1991]" italics="true" pageId="109" pageNumber="110">atritarsalis</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
], the tarsi are entirely dark.” In the absence of detailed comparative anatomical data for all life stages of the two nominal forms, the entirely dark-scaled tarsi of
|
|
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA5E0A3AFBD7F87EFB015DEE" baseAuthorityName="Dobrotworsky" baseAuthorityYear="1954" box="[1044,1168,2001,2027]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Culiseta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="109" pageNumber="110" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="atritarsalis">
|
|
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA5E0A3AFBD7F87EFB015DEE" box="[1044,1168,2001,2027]" italics="true" pageId="109" pageNumber="110">atritarsalis</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
, as opposed to the pale-scaled distal three tarsomeres of the
|
|
<typeStatus id="41098879BA5D0A39FDECFF38FDCE5AB4" box="[559,607,151,177]" pageId="110" pageNumber="111">type</typeStatus>
|
|
form, is sufficiently diagnostic to warrant recognition of the two forms as distinct, separate, seemingly sympatric species. Consequently,
|
|
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA5D0A39FC92FF14FC5C5AD0" baseAuthorityName="Dobrotworsky" baseAuthorityYear="1954" box="[849,973,187,213]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Culiseta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="110" pageNumber="111" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="atritarsalis">
|
|
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA5D0A39FC92FF14FC5C5AD0" box="[849,973,187,213]" italics="true" pageId="110" pageNumber="111">atritarsalis</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
is hereby formally elevated to the rank of species:
|
|
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA5D0A39FF3BFF71FC3A5AFD" authority="(Dobrotworsky, 1954)" baseAuthorityName="Dobrotworsky" baseAuthorityYear="1954" box="[248,939,222,249]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Culiseta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="110" pageNumber="111" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="atritarsalis" subGenus="Neotheobaldia">
|
|
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA5D0A39FF3BFF71FC3A5AFD" bold="true" box="[248,939,222,249]" pageId="110" pageNumber="111">
|
|
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA5D0A39FF3BFF71FEC65AFC" bold="true" box="[248,343,222,249]" italics="true" pageId="110" pageNumber="111">Culiseta</emphasis>
|
|
(
|
|
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA5D0A39FEABFF71FD815AFC" bold="true" box="[360,528,222,249]" italics="true" pageId="110" pageNumber="111">Neotheobaldia</emphasis>
|
|
)
|
|
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA5D0A39FDE1FF71FD0F5AFC" bold="true" box="[546,670,222,249]" italics="true" pageId="110" pageNumber="111">atritarsalis</emphasis>
|
|
(
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="FA234B2ABA5D0A39FD6DFF71FC335AFD" author="Dobrotworsky, N. V." box="[686,930,222,248]" pageId="110" pageNumber="111" pagination="65 - 78" refId="ref151757" refString="Dobrotworsky, N. V. (1954) The genus Theobaldia (Diptera, Culicidae) in Victoria. Proceedings of the Linnean Society of New South Wales, 79 (3 - 4), 65 - 78." type="journal article" year="1954">Dobrotworsky, 1954</bibRefCitation>
|
|
)
|
|
</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
.
|
|
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA5D0A39FC79FF70FB0A5AFC" baseAuthorityName="Dobrotworsky" baseAuthorityYear="1954" box="[954,1179,223,249]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Culiseta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="110" pageNumber="111" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="atritarsalis">
|
|
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA5D0A39FC79FF70FB0A5AFC" box="[954,1179,223,249]" italics="true" pageId="110" pageNumber="111">Culiseta atritarsalis</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
is currently listed as a species in the Encyclopedia of Life.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|
</treatment>
|
|
</document> |