treatments-xml/data/16/1B/87/161B87CDBA550A3FFF54FE75FC5A5D48.xml

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<mods:title id="E5DF3557AEF917DAAFFEC1936E561B52">The insupportable validity of mosquito subspecies (Diptera: Culicidae) and their exclusion from culicid classification</mods:title>
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<treatment id="161B87CDBA550A3FFF54FE75FC5A5D48" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8064271" ID-GBIF-Taxon="209700499" ID-Zenodo-Dep="8064271" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:161B87CDBA550A3FFF54FE75FC5A5D48" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/161B87CDBA550A3FFF54FE75FC5A5D48" lastPageId="104" lastPageNumber="105" pageId="102" pageNumber="103">
<subSubSection id="D6A86550BA550A31FF54FE75FD1F5BF0" box="[151,654,474,501]" pageId="102" pageNumber="103" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="9E0D36DBBA550A31FF54FE75FD1F5BF0" blockId="102.[151,654,474,501]" box="[151,654,474,501]" pageId="102" pageNumber="103">
<heading id="C54581B7BA550A31FF54FE75FD1F5BF0" bold="true" box="[151,654,474,501]" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="102" pageNumber="103" reason="4">
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA550A31FF54FE75FD1F5BF0" ID-CoL="8BNBP" ID-ENA="667566" authority="Theobald" authorityName=", Theobald" authorityYear="1901" box="[151,654,474,501]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Culex" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="102" pageNumber="103" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="annulioris" subGenus="Oculeomyia">
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA550A31FF54FE75FD1F5BF0" bold="true" box="[151,654,474,501]" pageId="102" pageNumber="103">
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA550A31FF54FE75FF4E5BF0" bold="true" box="[151,223,474,501]" italics="true" pageId="102" pageNumber="103">Culex</emphasis>
(
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA550A31FF33FE75FE105BF0" bold="true" box="[240,385,474,501]" italics="true" pageId="102" pageNumber="103">Oculeomyia</emphasis>
) 
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA550A31FE51FE75FD815BF0" bold="true" box="[402,528,474,501]" italics="true" pageId="102" pageNumber="103">annulioris</emphasis>
Theobald
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="D6A86550BA550A31FF54FDB0FD9E590B" pageId="102" pageNumber="103" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="9E0D36DBBA550A31FF54FDB0FB875896" blockId="102.[151,1437,543,782]" pageId="102" pageNumber="103">
subspecies 
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA550A31FEC8FDB0FDB95832" ID-CoL="8BNBP" authority="Theobald, 1901 a" authorityName=", Theobald" authorityYear="1901" box="[267,552,543,567]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Culex" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="102" pageNumber="103" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="annulioris">
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA550A31FEC8FDB0FEE65832" bold="true" box="[267,375,543,567]" italics="true" pageId="102" pageNumber="103">annulioris</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="FA234B2ABA550A31FEBCFDB0FDB95832" author="Theobald, F. V." box="[383,552,543,567]" pageId="102" pageNumber="103" refId="ref181412" refString="Theobald, F. V. (1901 a) A monograph of the Culicidae or mosquitoes. Vol. 1. British Museum (Natural History), London, xviii + 424 pp., pls. viii + I - XXXVII and A - E under separate cover. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 58067" type="book" year="1901">Theobald, 1901a</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
—original combination: 
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA550A31FCEBFDB0FC425832" ID-CoL="8BNBP" authorityName=", Theobald" authorityYear="1901" box="[808,979,543,567]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Culex" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="102" pageNumber="103" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="annulioris">
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA550A31FCEBFDB0FC425832" box="[808,979,543,567]" italics="true" pageId="102" pageNumber="103">Culex annulioris</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. Distribution: 
<collectingCountry id="E6A5764BBA550A31FBAAFDB0FB275832" box="[1129,1206,543,567]" name="Angola" pageId="102" pageNumber="103">Angola</collectingCountry>
, 
<collectingCountry id="E6A5764BBA550A31FB01FDB0FA905832" box="[1218,1281,543,567]" name="Benin" pageId="102" pageNumber="103">Benin</collectingCountry>
, 
<collectingCountry id="E6A5764BBA550A31FACEFDB0FA095832" box="[1293,1432,543,567]" name="Burkina Faso" pageId="102" pageNumber="103">Burkina Faso</collectingCountry>
, 
<collectingCountry id="E6A5764BBA550A31FF04FD91FEA25853" box="[199,307,574,598]" name="Cameroon" pageId="102" pageNumber="103">Cameroon</collectingCountry>
, 
<collectingCountry id="E6A5764BBA550A31FEFEFD91FDAE5853" box="[317,575,574,598]" name="Central African Republic" pageId="102" pageNumber="103">Central African Republic</collectingCountry>
, 
<collectingCountry id="E6A5764BBA550A31FD8AFD91FD425853" box="[585,723,574,598]" name="Ivory Coast" pageId="102" pageNumber="103">Côte d’Ivoire</collectingCountry>
, 
<collectingCountry id="E6A5764BBA550A31FD1EFD91FBD35853" box="[733,1090,574,598]" name="Democratic Republic of the Congo" pageId="102" pageNumber="103">Democratic Republic of the Congo</collectingCountry>
, 
<collectingCountry id="E6A5764BBA550A31FB8EFD91FB375853" box="[1101,1190,574,598]" name="Ethiopia" pageId="102" pageNumber="103">Ethiopia</collectingCountry>
, 
<collectingCountry id="E6A5764BBA550A31FB6CFD91FB655853" box="[1199,1268,574,598]" name="Ghana" pageId="102" pageNumber="103">Ghana</collectingCountry>
, 
<collectingCountry id="E6A5764BBA550A31FB3DFD91FADB5853" box="[1278,1354,574,598]" name="Guinea-Bissau" pageId="102" pageNumber="103">Guinea</collectingCountry>
, 
<collectingCountry id="E6A5764BBA550A31FA97FD91FA085853" box="[1364,1433,574,598]" name="Kenya" pageId="102" pageNumber="103">Kenya</collectingCountry>
, 
<collectingCountry id="E6A5764BBA550A31FF04FDF3FE825871" box="[199,275,604,628]" name="Liberia" pageId="102" pageNumber="103">Liberia</collectingCountry>
, 
<collectingCountry id="E6A5764BBA550A31FEDDFDF3FE0B5871" box="[286,410,604,628]" name="Madagascar" pageId="102" pageNumber="103">Madagascar</collectingCountry>
, 
<collectingCountry id="E6A5764BBA550A31FE66FDF3FE645871" box="[421,501,604,628]" name="Malawi" pageId="102" pageNumber="103">Malawi</collectingCountry>
, 
<collectingCountry id="E6A5764BBA550A31FDC3FDF3FDA35871" box="[512,562,604,628]" name="Serbia" pageId="102" pageNumber="103">Mali</collectingCountry>
, 
<collectingCountry id="E6A5764BBA550A31FDFEFDF3FD1D5871" box="[573,652,604,628]" name="Nigeria" pageId="102" pageNumber="103">Nigeria</collectingCountry>
, 
<collectingCountry id="E6A5764BBA550A31FD54FDF3FC125870" box="[663,899,604,629]" name="Republic of the Congo" pageId="102" pageNumber="103">Republic of the Congo</collectingCountry>
, 
<collectingCountry id="E6A5764BBA550A31FC4DFDF2FBEF5871" box="[910,1150,604,629]" name="Sao Tome and Principe" pageId="102" pageNumber="103">São Tomé and Príncipe</collectingCountry>
, 
<collectingCountry id="E6A5764BBA550A31FB4AFDF3FB4D5871" box="[1161,1244,604,628]" name="Senegal" pageId="102" pageNumber="103">Senegal</collectingCountry>
, 
<collectingCountry id="E6A5764BBA550A31FB24FDF3FAC75871" box="[1255,1366,604,628]" name="Seychelles" pageId="102" pageNumber="103">Seychelles</collectingCountry>
, 
<collectingCountry id="E6A5764BBA550A31FAA2FDF3FA0D5871" box="[1377,1436,604,628]" name="South Africa" pageId="102" pageNumber="103">South</collectingCountry>
Africa, 
<collectingCountry id="E6A5764BBA550A31FED6FDD4FE095896" box="[277,408,635,659]" name="South Sudan" pageId="102" pageNumber="103">South Sudan</collectingCountry>
, 
<collectingCountry id="E6A5764BBA550A31FE61FDD4FE755896" box="[418,484,635,659]" name="Sudan" pageId="102" pageNumber="103">Sudan</collectingCountry>
, 
<collectingCountry id="E6A5764BBA550A31FE2DFDD4FDDD5896" box="[494,588,635,659]" name="Tanzania" pageId="102" pageNumber="103">Tanzania</collectingCountry>
, 
<collectingCountry id="E6A5764BBA550A31FD96FDD4FD375896" box="[597,678,635,659]" name="Uganda" pageId="102" pageNumber="103">Uganda</collectingCountry>
, 
<collectingCountry id="E6A5764BBA550A31FD72FDD4FC8C5896" box="[689,797,635,659]" name="Zimbabwe" pageId="102" pageNumber="103">Zimbabwe</collectingCountry>
(
<bibRefCitation id="FA234B2ABA550A31FCE9FDD4FB9A5896" author="Wilkerson, R. C. &amp; Linton, Y. - M. &amp; Strickman, D." box="[810,1035,635,659]" pageId="102" pageNumber="103" refId="ref184924" refString="Wilkerson, R. C., Linton, Y. - M. &amp; Strickman, D. (2021) Mosquitoes of the world. Vols. 1 &amp; 2. Johns Hopkins University Press, Baltimore, Maryland, 1332 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.1186 / s 13071 - 021 - 04848 - 6" type="book" year="2021">
Wilkerson 
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA550A31FC58FDD3FC565896" box="[923,967,635,659]" italics="true" pageId="102" pageNumber="103">et al</emphasis>
. 2021
</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="9E0D36DBBA550A31FF54FD35FD9E590B" blockId="102.[151,1437,543,782]" pageId="102" pageNumber="103">
subspecies 
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA550A31FED3FD36FDA058B7" ID-CoL="88G84" authority="Newstead, 1907" authorityName="Newstead" authorityYear="1907" box="[272,561,665,690]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Culicelsa" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="102" pageNumber="103" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="consimilis">
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA550A31FED3FD36FEEB58B4" bold="true" box="[272,378,665,689]" italics="true" pageId="102" pageNumber="103">consimilis</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="FA234B2ABA550A31FE44FD35FDA058B7" author="Newstead, R. &amp; Dutton, J. E. &amp; Todd, J. L." box="[391,561,666,690]" pageId="102" pageNumber="103" pagination="3 - 113" refId="ref171869" refString="Newstead, R., Dutton, J. E. &amp; Todd, J. L. L (1907) Insects and other Arthropoda collected in the Congo Free State. Annals of Tropical Medicine and Parasitology, 1 (1 - 5), 3 - 113. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 00034983.1907.11719252" type="journal article" year="1907">Newstead, 1907</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
(in 
<bibRefCitation id="FA234B2ABA550A31FDA4FD35FCDE58B7" author="Newstead, R. &amp; Dutton, J. E. &amp; Todd, J. L." box="[615,847,666,690]" pageId="102" pageNumber="103" pagination="3 - 113" refId="ref171869" refString="Newstead, R., Dutton, J. E. &amp; Todd, J. L. L (1907) Insects and other Arthropoda collected in the Congo Free State. Annals of Tropical Medicine and Parasitology, 1 (1 - 5), 3 - 113. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 00034983.1907.11719252" type="journal article" year="1907">
Newstead 
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA550A31FD1BFD34FC9A58B7" box="[728,779,666,690]" italics="true" pageId="102" pageNumber="103">et al</emphasis>
. 1907
</bibRefCitation>
)—original combination: 
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA550A31FBA2FD35FA0D58B7" authorityName="Newstead" authorityYear="1907" box="[1121,1436,666,690]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Culex" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="102" pageNumber="103" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="variety" species="tigripes" variety="consimilis">
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA550A31FBA2FD35FB6758B4" box="[1121,1270,666,690]" italics="true" pageId="102" pageNumber="103">Culex tigripes</emphasis>
var. 
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA550A31FAF6FD35FA0D58B7" box="[1333,1436,666,690]" italics="true" pageId="102" pageNumber="103">consimilis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(subspecific status by 
<bibRefCitation id="FA234B2ABA550A31FE65FD17FDAA58D4" author="Edwards, F. W." box="[422,571,696,721]" pageId="102" pageNumber="103" refId="ref154310" refString="Edwards, F. W. (1941) Mosquitoes of the Ethiopian Region III. - Culicine adults and pupae. Printed by order of the Trustees, British Museum (Natural History), London, viii + 499 pp." type="book" year="1941">Edwards 1941</bibRefCitation>
). Distribution: 
<collectingCountry id="E6A5764BBA550A31FD10FD16FCAE58D4" box="[723,831,697,721]" name="Cameroon" pageId="102" pageNumber="103">Cameroon</collectingCountry>
, 
<collectingCountry id="E6A5764BBA550A31FC8AFD17FB3D58D4" box="[841,1196,696,721]" name="Democratic Republic of the Congo" pageId="102" pageNumber="103">Democratic Republic of the Congo</collectingCountry>
, 
<collectingCountry id="E6A5764BBA550A31FB75FD17FB6D58D5" box="[1206,1276,696,720]" name="Gabon" pageId="102" pageNumber="103">Gabon</collectingCountry>
, 
<collectingCountry id="E6A5764BBA550A31FAC6FD17FADB58D5" box="[1285,1354,696,720]" name="Ghana" pageId="102" pageNumber="103">Ghana</collectingCountry>
, 
<collectingCountry id="E6A5764BBA550A31FA97FD16FA0858D4" box="[1364,1433,697,721]" name="Kenya" pageId="102" pageNumber="103">Kenya</collectingCountry>
, 
<collectingCountry id="E6A5764BBA550A31FF04FD78FE8258EA" box="[199,275,727,751]" name="Liberia" pageId="102" pageNumber="103">Liberia</collectingCountry>
, 
<collectingCountry id="E6A5764BBA550A31FEDEFD78FE3458EA" box="[285,421,727,751]" name="Mozambique" pageId="102" pageNumber="103">Mozambique</collectingCountry>
, 
<collectingCountry id="E6A5764BBA550A31FE6CFD78FE6F58EA" box="[431,510,727,751]" name="Nigeria" pageId="102" pageNumber="103">Nigeria</collectingCountry>
, 
<collectingCountry id="E6A5764BBA550A31FDCBFD78FD1C58EA" box="[520,653,727,751]" name="Sierra Leone" pageId="102" pageNumber="103">Sierra Leone</collectingCountry>
, 
<collectingCountry id="E6A5764BBA550A31FD54FD78FC8958EA" box="[663,792,727,751]" name="South Sudan" pageId="102" pageNumber="103">South Sudan</collectingCountry>
(
<bibRefCitation id="FA234B2ABA550A31FCE6FD78FC3158EA" author="Lewis, D. J." box="[805,928,727,751]" pageId="102" pageNumber="103" pagination="703 - 721" refId="ref165603" refString="Lewis, D. J. (1956) The Culex mosquitoes of the Sudan. Bulletin of Entomological Research, 47 (4), 703 - 721. https: // doi. org / 10.1017 / S 0007485300046940" type="journal article" year="1956">Lewis 1956</bibRefCitation>
, but not 
<collectingCountry id="E6A5764BBA550A31FC3BFD78FBAB58EA" box="[1016,1082,727,751]" name="Sudan" pageId="102" pageNumber="103">Sudan</collectingCountry>
, see 
<bibRefCitation id="FA234B2ABA550A31FBA8FD78FAB858EA" author="Simsaa, M. A. A. &amp; Harbach, R. E. &amp; Almalik, A. M. A. &amp; Ahmed, E. M. &amp; Esia, A. A. &amp; Mohamed, A. H. &amp; Azrag, R. S." box="[1131,1321,727,751]" pageId="102" pageNumber="103" pagination="401 - 411" refId="ref178377" refString="Simsaa, M. A. A., Harbach, R. E., Almalik, A. M. A., Ahmed, E. M., Esia, A. A., Mohamed, A. H. &amp; Azrag, R. S. (2021) Culex mosquitoes (Diptera: Culicidae) recorded along the Nile River in northern Sudan, with a key for the identification of all species of the genus known to occur in the country. Zootaxa, 4963 (3), 401 - 411. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4963.3.1" type="journal article" year="2021">
Simsaa 
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA550A31FB79FD77FB7658EA" box="[1210,1255,727,751]" italics="true" pageId="102" pageNumber="103">et al</emphasis>
. 2021
</bibRefCitation>
), 
<collectingCountry id="E6A5764BBA550A31FAF8FD78FA0858EA" box="[1339,1433,727,751]" name="Tanzania" pageId="102" pageNumber="103">Tanzania</collectingCountry>
, 
<collectingCountry id="E6A5764BBA550A31FF04FD59FE87590B" box="[199,278,758,782]" name="Uganda" pageId="102" pageNumber="103">Uganda</collectingCountry>
(
<bibRefCitation id="FA234B2ABA550A31FEE0FD59FD95590B" author="Wilkerson, R. C. &amp; Linton, Y. - M. &amp; Strickman, D." box="[291,516,758,782]" pageId="102" pageNumber="103" refId="ref184924" refString="Wilkerson, R. C., Linton, Y. - M. &amp; Strickman, D. (2021) Mosquitoes of the world. Vols. 1 &amp; 2. Johns Hopkins University Press, Baltimore, Maryland, 1332 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.1186 / s 13071 - 021 - 04848 - 6" type="book" year="2021">
Wilkerson 
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA550A31FE57FD58FE51590B" box="[404,448,758,782]" italics="true" pageId="102" pageNumber="103">et al</emphasis>
. 2021
</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="D6A86550BA550A3FFF54FC93FC5A5D48" lastPageId="104" lastPageNumber="105" pageId="102" pageNumber="103" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="9E0D36DBBA550A31FF54FC93FF7D59C7" blockId="102.[151,1437,828,2043]" pageId="102" pageNumber="103">
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA550A31FF54FC93FEC05953" authorityName=", Theobald" authorityYear="1901" box="[151,337,828,854]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Culex" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="102" pageNumber="103" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="annulioris">
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA550A31FF54FC93FEC05953" box="[151,337,828,854]" italics="true" pageId="102" pageNumber="103">Culex annulioris</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
was described from a single female collected in Salisbury, 
<collectingCountry id="E6A5764BBA550A31FC1DFC93FB205953" box="[990,1201,828,854]" name="Zimbabwe" pageId="102" pageNumber="103">Southern Rhodesia</collectingCountry>
(present-day 
<collectingRegion id="5C76F839BA550A31FA8AFC92FA095952" box="[1353,1432,829,855]" country="Zimbabwe" name="Harare" pageId="102" pageNumber="103">Harare</collectingRegion>
, 
<collectingCountry id="E6A5764BBA550A31FF54FCCFFE82597F" box="[151,275,864,890]" name="Zimbabwe" pageId="102" pageNumber="103">Zimbabwe</collectingCountry>
), “distinguished by the abdominal ornamentation, which is very marked and peculiar”, “each segment with a triangular basal patch of creamy yellow scales, and with apical lateral patches of yellow scales” (
<bibRefCitation id="FA234B2ABA550A31FAF2FC2BFF4E59C7" author="Theobald, F. V." pageId="102" pageNumber="103" refId="ref181412" refString="Theobald, F. V. (1901 a) A monograph of the Culicidae or mosquitoes. Vol. 1. British Museum (Natural History), London, xviii + 424 pp., pls. viii + I - XXXVII and A - E under separate cover. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 58067" type="book" year="1901">Theobald 1901a</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="9E0D36DBBA550A31FF04FC63FD3E5FDB" blockId="102.[151,1437,828,2043]" pageId="102" pageNumber="103">
Subspecies 
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA550A31FE8FFC63FE2F59E3" authorityName="Newstead" authorityYear="1907" box="[332,446,972,998]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Culicelsa" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="102" pageNumber="103" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="consimilis">
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA550A31FE8FFC63FE2F59E3" box="[332,446,972,998]" italics="true" pageId="102" pageNumber="103">consimilis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, originally proposed as a variety of 
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA550A31FC99FC62FA0D59E3" authority="(de Grandpre &amp; de Charmoy, 1901)" baseAuthorityName="de Grandpre &amp; de Charmoy" baseAuthorityYear="1901" box="[858,1436,972,998]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Lutzia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="102" pageNumber="103" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tigripes">
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA550A31FC99FC62FC6E59E3" box="[858,1023,973,998]" italics="true" pageId="102" pageNumber="103">Lutzia tigripes</emphasis>
(de Grandpré &amp; de Charmoy, 1901)
</taxonomicName>
and subsequently recognized as a subspecies of 
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA550A31FD66FC5FFC895E0F" authorityName=", Theobald" authorityYear="1901" box="[677,792,1008,1034]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Culex" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="102" pageNumber="103" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="annulioris">
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA550A31FD66FC5FFC895E0F" box="[677,792,1008,1034]" italics="true" pageId="102" pageNumber="103">annulioris</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by 
<bibRefCitation id="FA234B2ABA550A31FCFCFC5FFC655E0F" author="Edwards, F. W." box="[831,1012,1008,1034]" pageId="102" pageNumber="103" refId="ref154310" refString="Edwards, F. W. (1941) Mosquitoes of the Ethiopian Region III. - Culicine adults and pupae. Printed by order of the Trustees, British Museum (Natural History), London, viii + 499 pp." type="book" year="1941">Edwards (1941)</bibRefCitation>
, was described from females collected at several localities in the 
<collectingCountry id="E6A5764BBA550A31FE01FBBBFDE45E2B" box="[450,629,1044,1070]" name="Belgium Congo" pageId="102" pageNumber="103">Belgium Congo</collectingCountry>
(present-day 
<collectingCountry id="E6A5764BBA550A31FCD1FBBBFB345E2B" box="[786,1189,1044,1070]" name="Democratic Republic of the Congo" pageId="102" pageNumber="103">Democratic Republic of the Congo</collectingCountry>
). The abdomen of the female was described by Newstead (in 
<bibRefCitation id="FA234B2ABA550A31FD95FB97FCD65E57" author="Newstead, R. &amp; Dutton, J. E. &amp; Todd, J. L." box="[598,839,1080,1107]" pageId="102" pageNumber="103" pagination="3 - 113" refId="ref171869" refString="Newstead, R., Dutton, J. E. &amp; Todd, J. L. L (1907) Insects and other Arthropoda collected in the Congo Free State. Annals of Tropical Medicine and Parasitology, 1 (1 - 5), 3 - 113. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 00034983.1907.11719252" type="journal article" year="1907">
Newstead 
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA550A31FD0FFB96FD6E5E57" box="[716,767,1080,1106]" italics="true" pageId="102" pageNumber="103">et al</emphasis>
. 1907
</bibRefCitation>
) as having “narrow basal bands; basal segment with two median black apical spots; sixth and seventh segments with two lateral apical pale spots.” As pointed out in a footnote, 
<bibRefCitation id="FA234B2ABA550A31FEC1FB2FFE245E9F" author="Edwards, F. W." box="[258,437,1152,1178]" pageId="102" pageNumber="103" refId="ref154310" refString="Edwards, F. W. (1941) Mosquitoes of the Ethiopian Region III. - Culicine adults and pupae. Printed by order of the Trustees, British Museum (Natural History), London, viii + 499 pp." type="book" year="1941">Edwards (1941)</bibRefCitation>
observed that “in the 
<typeStatus id="41098879BA550A31FD68FB2FFC835E9F" box="[683,786,1152,1178]" pageId="102" pageNumber="103" type="lectotype">lectotype</typeStatus>
the slight appearance of banding is merely due to the pale marginal hairs [setae] and not to pale scales.” He also noted that “only small apical lateral spots, if any…” were present on segments VI and VII. Oddly, except for Edwards, there is no mention of a 
<typeStatus id="41098879BA550A31FBB8FB67FB735EE7" box="[1147,1250,1224,1250]" pageId="102" pageNumber="103" type="lectotype">lectotype</typeStatus>
of 
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA550A31FAC8FB67FAEC5EE7" authorityName="Newstead" authorityYear="1907" box="[1291,1405,1224,1250]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Culicelsa" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="102" pageNumber="103" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="consimilis">
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA550A31FAC8FB67FAEC5EE7" box="[1291,1405,1224,1250]" italics="true" pageId="102" pageNumber="103">consimilis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in the catalogs of 
<bibRefCitation id="FA234B2ABA550A31FE80FB43FD895F02" author="Stone, A. &amp; Knight, K. L. &amp; Starcke, H." box="[323,536,1260,1287]" pageId="102" pageNumber="103" refId="ref180004" refString="Stone, A., Knight, K. L. &amp; Starcke, H. (1959) A synoptic catalog of the mosquitoes of the world (Diptera, Culicidae). The Thomas Say Foundation. Vol. VI. Entomological Society of America, College Park, Maryland, vi + 358 pp." type="book" year="1959">
Stone 
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA550A31FE48FB42FE2C5F03" box="[395,445,1260,1286]" italics="true" pageId="102" pageNumber="103">et al</emphasis>
. (1959)
</bibRefCitation>
, 
<bibRefCitation id="FA234B2ABA550A31FDE7FB43FCB85F03" author="Knight, K. L. &amp; Stone, A." box="[548,809,1260,1286]" pageId="102" pageNumber="103" refId="ref162868" refString="Knight, K. L. &amp; Stone, A. (1977) A catalog of the mosquitoes of the world (Diptera: Culicidae). 2 nd Edition. The Thomas Say Foundation. Vol. VI. Entomological Society of America, College Park, Maryland, xi + 611 pp." type="book" year="1977">Knight &amp; Stone (1977)</bibRefCitation>
and 
<bibRefCitation id="FA234B2ABA550A31FCA2FB43FBFB5F03" author="Wilkerson, R. C. &amp; Linton, Y. - M. &amp; Strickman, D." box="[865,1130,1260,1287]" pageId="102" pageNumber="103" refId="ref184924" refString="Wilkerson, R. C., Linton, Y. - M. &amp; Strickman, D. (2021) Mosquitoes of the world. Vols. 1 &amp; 2. Johns Hopkins University Press, Baltimore, Maryland, 1332 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.1186 / s 13071 - 021 - 04848 - 6" type="book" year="2021">
Wilkerson 
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA550A31FC1FFB42FB9F5F03" box="[988,1038,1260,1286]" italics="true" pageId="102" pageNumber="103">et al</emphasis>
. (2021)
</bibRefCitation>
; however, Townson (1990) indicated the presence of 
<specimenCount id="88B4FD52BA550A31FE78FABEFD355F2F" box="[443,676,1296,1323]" pageId="102" pageNumber="103" type="female" typeStatus="syntype">two syntype females</specimenCount>
in the British Museum (Natural History) (now the Natural History Museum, London), one from Kasongo, 
<collectingCountry id="E6A5764BBA550A31FD9EFA9BFD095F4B" box="[605,664,1332,1358]" name="Democratic Republic of the Congo" pageId="102" pageNumber="103">Zaire</collectingCountry>
(present day 
<collectingCountry id="E6A5764BBA550A31FCF6FA9BFB545F4B" box="[821,1221,1332,1358]" name="Democratic Republic of the Congo" pageId="102" pageNumber="103">Democratic Republic of the Congo</collectingCountry>
) and the other one with no locality. As confirmation of the 
<typeStatus id="41098879BA550A31FD9CFAF7FD585F77" box="[607,713,1368,1394]" pageId="102" pageNumber="103" type="lectotype">lectotype</typeStatus>
, 
<bibRefCitation id="FA234B2ABA550A31FD17FAF6FC655F76" author="Ovazza, M. &amp; Hamon, J. &amp; Neri, P." box="[724,1012,1368,1395]" pageId="102" pageNumber="103" pagination="151 - 182" refId="ref172405" refString="Ovazza, M., Hamon, J. &amp; Neri, P. (1956) Contribution a l'etude des dipteres vulnerants de l'empire d'Ethiopie. I. Culicidae. Bulletin de la Societe de Pathologie exotique, 49 (1), 151 - 182." type="journal article" year="1956">Hamon &amp; Ovazza (1956)</bibRefCitation>
stated that 
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA550A31FBB4FAF7FB785F77" authorityName="Newstead" authorityYear="1907" box="[1143,1257,1368,1394]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Culicelsa" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="102" pageNumber="103" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="consimilis">
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA550A31FBB4FAF7FB785F77" box="[1143,1257,1368,1394]" italics="true" pageId="102" pageNumber="103">consimilis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
was “described from a female from Kasongo, 
<collectingCountry id="E6A5764BBA550A31FE37FAD3FD3D5F93" box="[500,684,1404,1430]" name="Belgium Congo" pageId="102" pageNumber="103">Belgium Congo</collectingCountry>
,” which “differs from the type form by: the absence of basal pale markings on the terga 1–7, the apicolateral pale triangular spots being reduced and not appearing clearly as on segments 6 and 7” (translated from the French).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="9E0D36DBBA550A31FF04FA47FDEA5D6F" blockId="102.[151,1437,828,2043]" pageId="102" pageNumber="103">
<bibRefCitation id="FA234B2ABA550A31FF04FA47FE1A5C07" author="Edwards, F. W." box="[199,395,1512,1538]" pageId="102" pageNumber="103" pagination="241 - 268" refId="ref152982" refString="Edwards, F. W. (1911 b) The African species of Culex and allied genera. Bulletin of Entomological Research, 2 (3), 241 - 268. https: // doi. org / 10.1017 / S 0007485300001450" type="journal article" year="1911">Edwards (1911b)</bibRefCitation>
treated 
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA550A31FE28FA47FDCC5C07" authorityName="Newstead" authorityYear="1907" box="[491,605,1512,1538]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Culicelsa" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="102" pageNumber="103" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="consimilis">
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA550A31FE28FA47FDCC5C07" box="[491,605,1512,1538]" italics="true" pageId="102" pageNumber="103">consimilis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
as a species of 
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA550A31FCD8FA47FCCD5C07" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1758" box="[795,860,1512,1538]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Culex" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="102" pageNumber="103" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA550A31FCD8FA47FCCD5C07" box="[795,860,1512,1538]" italics="true" pageId="102" pageNumber="103">Culex</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, distinct from 
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA550A31FBC9FA47FB3F5C07" authorityName=", Theobald" authorityYear="1901" box="[1034,1198,1512,1538]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Culex" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="102" pageNumber="103" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="annulioris">
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA550A31FBC9FA47FB3F5C07" box="[1034,1198,1512,1538]" italics="true" pageId="102" pageNumber="103">Cx. annulioris</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, and recognized 
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA550A31FAB5FA47FD8F5C23" authority="Theobald, 1909" authorityName="Theobald" authorityYear="1909" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Culex" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="102" pageNumber="103" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pseudoannulioris">
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA550A31FAB5FA47FEC85C23" italics="true" pageId="102" pageNumber="103">Cx. pseudoannulioris</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="FA234B2ABA550A31FEA6F9A3FD8F5C23" author="Theobald, F. V." box="[357,542,1548,1574]" pageId="102" pageNumber="103" refId="ref182128" refString="Theobald, F. V. (1909) Descriptions of the new mosquitoes collected by Dr. Graham in Ashanti. Gold Coast Miscellaneous Publication No. 237. Great Britain Colonial Office. London, 31 pp., 2 pls." type="book" year="1909">Theobald, 1909</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, described from 
<specimenCount id="88B4FD52BA550A31FD2BF9A3FC155C23" box="[744,900,1548,1574]" pageId="102" pageNumber="103" type="female">three females</specimenCount>
captured at Obuasi, 
<collectingCountry id="E6A5764BBA550A31FB43F9A3FA955C23" box="[1152,1284,1548,1574]" name="Ghana" pageId="102" pageNumber="103">Gold Coast</collectingCountry>
(present-day 
<collectingCountry id="E6A5764BBA550A31FF54F99FFF755C4F" box="[151,228,1584,1610]" name="Ghana" pageId="102" pageNumber="103">Ghana</collectingCountry>
), as its junior synonym. Theobald recognized 
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA550A31FD36F99FFC265C4F" authorityName="Theobald" authorityYear="1909" box="[757,951,1584,1610]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Culex" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="102" pageNumber="103" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pseudoannulioris">
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA550A31FD36F99FFC265C4F" box="[757,951,1584,1610]" italics="true" pageId="102" pageNumber="103">pseudoannulioris</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
as “A very pronounced, banded proboscis species, coming near 
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA550A31FE49F9FBFD0D5C6B" authority=", Theobald" authorityName=", Theobald" authorityYear="1901" box="[394,668,1620,1647]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Culex" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="102" pageNumber="103" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="annulioris">
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA550A31FE49F9FBFD8F5C6B" box="[394,542,1620,1646]" italics="true" pageId="102" pageNumber="103">C. annulioris</emphasis>
, Theobald
</taxonomicName>
”, differing in having the “Abdomen unbanded, deep blackish brown with lateral creamy scales, which to some extent form apical spots above”. In addition to 
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA550A31FBA8F9D7FF735CB3" authority=", Edwards (1941)" authorityName="Edwards" authorityYear="1941" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Culex" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="102" pageNumber="103" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pseudoannulioris">
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA550A31FBA8F9D7FABC5C97" box="[1131,1325,1656,1682]" italics="true" pageId="102" pageNumber="103">pseudoannulioris</emphasis>
, 
<bibRefCitation id="FA234B2ABA550A31FAF9F9D7FF735CB3" author="Edwards, F. W." pageId="102" pageNumber="103" refId="ref154310" refString="Edwards, F. W. (1941) Mosquitoes of the Ethiopian Region III. - Culicine adults and pupae. Printed by order of the Trustees, British Museum (Natural History), London, viii + 499 pp." type="book" year="1941">Edwards (1941)</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
recognized 
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA550A31FEA8F933FCCB5CB3" authority="Evans, 1923" authorityName="Evans" authorityYear="1923" box="[363,858,1692,1719]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Culex" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="102" pageNumber="103" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="variety" species="annulioris" variety="congolensis">
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA550A31FEA8F933FD9D5CB3" box="[363,524,1692,1718]" italics="true" pageId="102" pageNumber="103">Cx. annulioris</emphasis>
var. 
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA550A31FD87F933FD595CB3" box="[580,712,1692,1718]" italics="true" pageId="102" pageNumber="103">congolensis</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="FA234B2ABA550A31FD13F932FCCB5CB3" author="Evans, A. M." box="[720,858,1692,1719]" pageId="102" pageNumber="103" pagination="89 - 91" refId="ref154787" refString="Evans, A. M. (1923) A new species and a new variety of Culex from the Belgian Congo. Annals of Tropical Medicine and Parasitology, 17 (1), 89 - 91. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 00034983.1923.11684352" type="journal article" year="1923">Evans, 1923</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA550A31FC52F933FF5E5CDF" authority="Galliard, 1931" authorityName="Galliard" authorityYear="1931" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Culex" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="102" pageNumber="103" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="variety" species="bitaeniorhynchus" variety="mayumbae">
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA550A31FC52F933FB105CB3" box="[913,1153,1692,1718]" italics="true" pageId="102" pageNumber="103">Cx. bitaeniorhynchus</emphasis>
var. 
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA550A31FB7AF933FAA35CB3" box="[1209,1330,1692,1718]" italics="true" pageId="102" pageNumber="103">mayumbae</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="FA234B2ABA550A31FAFAF933FF5E5CDF" author="Galliard, H." pageId="102" pageNumber="103" pagination="225 - 232" refId="ref156247" refString="Galliard, H. (1931) Culicides du Gabon. I. - Culicines, avec la description d'une espece et de deux varietes nouvelles. Annales de Parasitologie Humaine et Comparee, 9 (3), 225 - 232. https: // doi. org / 10.1051 / parasite / 1931093225" type="journal article" year="1931">Galliard, 1931</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
as synonyms of subspecies 
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA550A31FDD2F96FFD125CDF" authorityName="Newstead" authorityYear="1907" box="[529,643,1728,1754]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Culicelsa" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="102" pageNumber="103" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="consimilis">
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA550A31FDD2F96FFD125CDF" box="[529,643,1728,1754]" italics="true" pageId="102" pageNumber="103">consimilis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. The former was described from 
<specimenCount id="88B4FD52BA550A31FBC3F96EFBE25CDF" box="[1024,1139,1728,1755]" pageId="102" pageNumber="103" type="male">two males</specimenCount>
collected at Leopoldville, 
<collectingCountry id="E6A5764BBA550A31FF54F94BFED05CFB" box="[151,321,1764,1790]" name="Democratic Republic of the Congo" pageId="102" pageNumber="103">Belgian Congo</collectingCountry>
(present-day Kinshasa, 
<collectingCountry id="E6A5764BBA550A31FD93F94BFC4C5CFB" box="[592,989,1764,1790]" name="Democratic Republic of the Congo" pageId="102" pageNumber="103">Democratic Republic of the Congo</collectingCountry>
), characterized as having the “ 
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA550A31FAF5F94BFE565D27" italics="true" pageId="102" pageNumber="103">abdomen entirely dark scaled above</emphasis>
[
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA550A31FE19F8A6FE685D27" box="[474,505,1801,1826]" italics="true" pageId="102" pageNumber="103">sic</emphasis>
], the median basal and lateral apical white markings characteristic of 
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA550A31FAEAF8A7FA0D5D27" authorityName=", Theobald" authorityYear="1901" box="[1321,1436,1800,1826]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Culex" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="102" pageNumber="103" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="annulioris">
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA550A31FAEAF8A7FA0D5D27" box="[1321,1436,1800,1826]" italics="true" pageId="102" pageNumber="103">annulioris</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
being entirely absent.” The 
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA550A31FE08F883FD085D43" authorityName="Galliard" authorityYear="1931" box="[459,665,1836,1862]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Culex" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="102" pageNumber="103" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="variety" species="bitaeniorhynchus" variety="mayumbae">
variety 
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA550A31FDE3F883FD085D43" box="[544,665,1836,1862]" italics="true" pageId="102" pageNumber="103">mayumbae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
was based on features of the phallosome of males reared from larvae collected in Tchibanga and Mouila, 
<collectingCountry id="E6A5764BBA550A31FDEAF8FFFDE65D6F" box="[553,631,1872,1898]" name="Gabon" pageId="102" pageNumber="103">Gabon</collectingCountry>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="9E0D36DBBA550A30FF04F8DAFCA45BF0" blockId="102.[151,1437,828,2043]" lastBlockId="103.[151,1437,151,2013]" lastPageId="103" lastPageNumber="104" pageId="102" pageNumber="103">
Two other nominal forms, 
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA550A31FDC7F8DBFBA45D8B" authority="Theobald, 1903 b" authorityName="Theobald" authorityYear="1903" box="[516,1077,1908,1935]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Culex" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="102" pageNumber="103" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="variety" species="annulioris" variety="gambiensis">
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA550A31FDC7F8DBFD385D8B" box="[516,681,1908,1934]" italics="true" pageId="102" pageNumber="103">Cx. annulioris</emphasis>
var. 
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA550A31FD2AF8DBFCF65D8B" box="[745,871,1908,1934]" italics="true" pageId="102" pageNumber="103">gambiensis</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="FA234B2ABA550A31FCB1F8DBFBA45D8B" author="Theobald, F. V." box="[882,1077,1908,1934]" pageId="102" pageNumber="103" pagination="i - xi" refId="ref181663" refString="Theobald, F. V. (1903 b) Report on a collection of mosquitoes or Culicidae, etc, from Gambia, and descriptions of new species. Memoirs of the Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, 10 (Appendix), i - xi, 2 pls." type="journal article" year="1903">Theobald, 1903b</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA550A31FBB7F8DBFED25DB6" authority="Edwards, 1935" authorityName="Edwards" authorityYear="1935" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Culex" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="102" pageNumber="103" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="variety" species="annulioris" variety="major">
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA550A31FBB7F8DBFA885D8B" box="[1140,1305,1908,1934]" italics="true" pageId="102" pageNumber="103">Cx. annulioris</emphasis>
var. 
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA550A31FA9AF8DAFA0D5D8B" box="[1369,1436,1909,1934]" italics="true" pageId="102" pageNumber="103">major</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="FA234B2ABA550A31FF54F837FED25DB6" author="Edwards, F. W." box="[151,323,1944,1971]" pageId="102" pageNumber="103" pagination="127 - 136" refId="ref154211" refString="Edwards, F. W. (1935) Mosquito notes. - XII. Bulletin of Entomological Research, 26 (2), 127 - 136. https: // doi. org / 10.1017 / S 0007485300038116" type="journal article" year="1935">Edwards, 1935</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, are presently considered to be junior synonyms. The former, listed as a synonym of the 
<typeStatus id="41098879BA550A31FAEDF836FACF5DB6" box="[1326,1374,1945,1971]" pageId="102" pageNumber="103">type</typeStatus>
form by 
<bibRefCitation id="FA234B2ABA550A31FF79F813FEEA5DD3" author="Edwards, F. W." box="[186,379,1980,2006]" pageId="102" pageNumber="103" refId="ref154128" refString="Edwards, F. W. (1932 a) Genera Insectorum. Diptera, Fam. Culicidae. Fascicle 194. V. Verteneuil &amp; L. Desmet, Bruxelles [Brussels], 258 pp., 5 pls." type="book" year="1932">Edwards (1932a)</bibRefCitation>
, was described from a single female reared from a larva collected at [Bathurst, renamed 
<collectingRegion id="5C76F839BA550A31FA91F813FA0C5DD3" box="[1362,1437,1980,2006]" country="Gambia" name="Banjul" pageId="102" pageNumber="103">Banjul</collectingRegion>
in 1973], 
<collectingCountry id="E6A5764BBA550A31FECBF84FFEF05DFF" box="[264,353,2016,2042]" name="Gambia" pageId="102" pageNumber="103">Gambia</collectingCountry>
as having the abdomen “like the 
<typeStatus id="41098879BA550A31FD2BF84EFC8A5DFE" box="[744,795,2017,2043]" pageId="102" pageNumber="103">type</typeStatus>
, but the triangular basal white spots are very indistinct, but can be detected on each segment by a few white scales”. The 
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA540A30FCB4FF38FB9E5AB5" authorityName="Edwards" authorityYear="1935" box="[887,1039,151,177]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Culex" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="103" pageNumber="104" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="variety" species="annulioris" variety="major">
variety 
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA540A30FC0FFF38FB9E5AB5" box="[972,1039,151,176]" italics="true" pageId="103" pageNumber="104">major</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, subsequently raised to subspecific rank by 
<bibRefCitation id="FA234B2ABA540A30FF37FF14FE395AD0" author="Edwards, F. W." box="[244,424,187,213]" pageId="103" pageNumber="104" refId="ref154310" refString="Edwards, F. W. (1941) Mosquitoes of the Ethiopian Region III. - Culicine adults and pupae. Printed by order of the Trustees, British Museum (Natural History), London, viii + 499 pp." type="book" year="1941">Edwards (1941)</bibRefCitation>
and synonymized with subspecies 
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA540A30FCF6FF14FC365AD0" authorityName="Newstead" authorityYear="1907" box="[821,935,187,213]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Culicelsa" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="103" pageNumber="104" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="consimilis">
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA540A30FCF6FF14FC365AD0" box="[821,935,187,213]" italics="true" pageId="103" pageNumber="104">consimilis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by 
<bibRefCitation id="FA234B2ABA540A30FC11FF14FB605AD0" author="Ovazza, M. &amp; Hamon, J. &amp; Neri, P." box="[978,1265,186,213]" pageId="103" pageNumber="104" pagination="151 - 182" refId="ref172405" refString="Ovazza, M., Hamon, J. &amp; Neri, P. (1956) Contribution a l'etude des dipteres vulnerants de l'empire d'Ethiopie. I. Culicidae. Bulletin de la Societe de Pathologie exotique, 49 (1), 151 - 182." type="journal article" year="1956">Hamon &amp; Ovazza (1956)</bibRefCitation>
, was described from a series of specimens, including the 
<typeStatus id="41098879BA540A30FDB4FF70FD365AFC" box="[631,679,223,249]" pageId="103" pageNumber="104">type</typeStatus>
male, from Nairobi, 
<collectingCountry id="E6A5764BBA540A30FC5FFF70FC795AFC" box="[924,1000,223,249]" name="Kenya" pageId="103" pageNumber="104">Kenya</collectingCountry>
, which differed from the 
<typeStatus id="41098879BA540A30FACDFF70FAAF5AFC" box="[1294,1342,223,249]" pageId="103" pageNumber="104">type</typeStatus>
form in being larger and having “abdominal tergites [terga] with distinct basal pale bands which are somewhat widened in the middle; apical lateral pale spots very small or even absent.” Although 
<bibRefCitation id="FA234B2ABA540A30FC10FE88FB165B44" author="Edwards, F. W." box="[979,1159,294,321]" pageId="103" pageNumber="104" pagination="127 - 136" refId="ref154211" refString="Edwards, F. W. (1935) Mosquito notes. - XII. Bulletin of Entomological Research, 26 (2), 127 - 136. https: // doi. org / 10.1017 / S 0007485300038116" type="journal article" year="1935">Edwards (1935)</bibRefCitation>
mentioned that the male genitalia of 
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA540A30FEDDFEE4FEF05B61" authorityName="Edwards" authorityYear="1935" box="[286,353,331,356]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Culex" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="103" pageNumber="104" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="major">
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA540A30FEDDFEE4FEF05B61" box="[286,353,331,356]" italics="true" pageId="103" pageNumber="104">major</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
were not obviously different from those of the typical form, he later (
<bibRefCitation id="FA234B2ABA540A30FBBBFEE4FA8D5B60" author="Edwards, F. W." box="[1144,1308,331,357]" pageId="103" pageNumber="104" refId="ref154310" refString="Edwards, F. W. (1941) Mosquitoes of the Ethiopian Region III. - Culicine adults and pupae. Printed by order of the Trustees, British Museum (Natural History), London, viii + 499 pp." type="book" year="1941">Edwards 1941</bibRefCitation>
) noted that the phallosome differed “slightly from both the typical form and from 
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA540A30FC69FEC0FBDC5B8C" box="[938,1101,367,393]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Lutzia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="103" pageNumber="104" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="tigripes" subSpecies="consimilis">
ssp. 
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA540A30FC18FEC0FBDC5B8C" box="[987,1101,367,393]" italics="true" pageId="103" pageNumber="104">consimilis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.” Actually, the lateral plate of 
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA540A30FF54FE3CFF4B5BA9" authorityName="Edwards" authorityYear="1935" box="[151,218,403,428]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Culex" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="103" pageNumber="104" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="major">
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA540A30FF54FE3CFF4B5BA9" box="[151,218,403,428]" italics="true" pageId="103" pageNumber="104">major</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is more than slightly different than those of the 
<typeStatus id="41098879BA540A30FD35FE3CFCB75BA8" box="[758,806,403,429]" pageId="103" pageNumber="104">type</typeStatus>
form and subspecies 
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA540A30FBDAFE3CFB1A5BA8" authorityName="Newstead" authorityYear="1907" box="[1049,1163,403,429]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Culicelsa" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="103" pageNumber="104" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="consimilis">
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA540A30FBDAFE3CFB1A5BA8" box="[1049,1163,403,429]" italics="true" pageId="103" pageNumber="104">consimilis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(see below). In addition to the specimens from Nairobi, Edwards also identified specimens of 
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA540A30FC0FFE18FB9E5BD5" authorityName="Edwards" authorityYear="1935" box="[972,1039,439,464]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Culex" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="103" pageNumber="104" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="major">
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA540A30FC0FFE18FB9E5BD5" box="[972,1039,439,464]" italics="true" pageId="103" pageNumber="104">major</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from localities in 
<collectingCountry id="E6A5764BBA540A30FB2FFE18FE075BF0" name="Democratic Republic of the Congo" pageId="103" pageNumber="104">the Democratic Republic of the Congo</collectingCountry>
(as the 
<collectingCountry id="E6A5764BBA540A30FE2EFE74FD065BF0" box="[493,663,475,501]" name="Democratic Republic of the Congo" pageId="103" pageNumber="104">Belgian Congo</collectingCountry>
) and 
<collectingCountry id="E6A5764BBA540A30FD15FE74FCA05BF0" box="[726,817,475,501]" name="Uganda" pageId="103" pageNumber="104">Uganda</collectingCountry>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="9E0D36DBBA540A30FF04FE50FCC159A0" blockId="103.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="103" pageNumber="104">
<location id="9B6D6000BA540A30FF04FE50FE9A581C" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:161B87CDBA550A3FFF54FE75FC5A5D48:9B6D6000BA540A30FF04FE50FE9A581C" box="[199,267,511,537]" country="Benin" name="Based" pageId="103" pageNumber="104">Based</location>
on the examination of 
<typeStatus id="41098879BA540A30FDC8FE50FDAA581C" box="[523,571,511,537]" pageId="103" pageNumber="104">type</typeStatus>
material and specimens from 
<collectingCountry id="E6A5764BBA540A30FC49FE50FC5C581C" box="[906,973,511,537]" name="Benin" pageId="103" pageNumber="104">Benin</collectingCountry>
(as Dahomey), 
<collectingCountry id="E6A5764BBA540A30FBBDFE50FCBA5838" isEnumeration="true" pageId="103" pageNumber="104">Cameroon, Côte d’Ivoire, Ethiopia, Kenya, Republic of Upper Volta (as Haute-Volta)</collectingCountry>
and 
<collectingCountry id="E6A5764BBA540A30FCA1FD8CFC2C5838" box="[866,957,547,573]" name="Senegal" pageId="103" pageNumber="104">Senegal</collectingCountry>
, 
<bibRefCitation id="FA234B2ABA540A30FC0AFD8CFB745838" author="Ovazza, M. &amp; Hamon, J. &amp; Neri, P." box="[969,1253,546,573]" pageId="103" pageNumber="104" pagination="151 - 182" refId="ref172405" refString="Ovazza, M., Hamon, J. &amp; Neri, P. (1956) Contribution a l'etude des dipteres vulnerants de l'empire d'Ethiopie. I. Culicidae. Bulletin de la Societe de Pathologie exotique, 49 (1), 151 - 182." type="journal article" year="1956">Hamon &amp; Ovazza (1956)</bibRefCitation>
concluded “that [in] 
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA540A30FF05FDE8FE135864" authorityName=", Theobald" authorityYear="1901" box="[198,386,583,609]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Culex" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="103" pageNumber="104" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="annulioris">
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA540A30FF05FDE8FE135864" box="[198,386,583,609]" italics="true" pageId="103" pageNumber="104">Culex annulioris</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
there are very many variations in colouring which do not correspond at all to variations in the structure of the phallosome, the same structure of the phallosome being able according to the regions to correspond to very dark forms or to very pale forms. The systematic value of the 
<typeStatus id="41098879BA540A30FC08FD20FB9758AC" box="[971,1030,655,681]" pageId="103" pageNumber="104">types</typeStatus>
of 
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA540A30FBF1FD20FB5858AC" authorityName=", Theobald" authorityYear="1901" box="[1074,1225,655,681]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Culex" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="103" pageNumber="104" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="annulioris">
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA540A30FBF1FD20FB5858AC" box="[1074,1225,655,681]" italics="true" pageId="103" pageNumber="104">C. annulioris</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA540A30FAC6FD20FE9858C8" authorityName="Newstead" authorityYear="1907" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Culex" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="103" pageNumber="104" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="annulioris" subSpecies="consimilis">
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA540A30FAC6FD20FE9858C8" italics="true" pageId="103" pageNumber="104">C. annulioris consimilis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is therefore almost zero since they are females. For the sake of simplicity, we propose to continue to call 
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA540A30FF54FD78FE5358F5" box="[151,450,727,753]" italics="true" pageId="103" pageNumber="104">
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA540A30FF54FD78FEBD58F4" authorityName=", Theobald" authorityYear="1901" box="[151,300,727,753]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Culex" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="103" pageNumber="104" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" sensu="stricto" species="annulioris">C. annulioris</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="B7F557B2BA540A30FEF7FD78FE5358F5" box="[308,450,727,752]" pageId="103" pageNumber="104" sensu="stricto">sensu stricto</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
the specimens with smooth phallosome [
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA540A30FC5BFD78FC2B58F5" box="[920,954,727,752]" italics="true" pageId="103" pageNumber="104">i.e.</emphasis>
lateral plate, see below] and 
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA540A30FAC4FD78FEAB5910" authorityName="Newstead" authorityYear="1907" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Culex" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="103" pageNumber="104" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="variety" species="annulioris" variety="consimilis">
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA540A30FAC4FD78FA0D58F4" box="[1287,1436,727,753]" italics="true" pageId="103" pageNumber="104">C. annulioris</emphasis>
var. 
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA540A30FF0BFD54FEAB5910" box="[200,314,763,789]" italics="true" pageId="103" pageNumber="104">consimilis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
those with phallosome bearing numerous and long spicules. Although an almost pure population is generally observed at a given point, there are some forms of passage between the 
<specimenCount id="88B4FD52BA540A30FBFAFCB0FB37593C" box="[1081,1190,799,825]" pageId="103" pageNumber="104" type="generic" typeStatus="types">two types</specimenCount>
of phallosome; given the variations recorded here both in the exterior colouring and in the structure of the phallosome, it does not seem appropriate to continue to regard 
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA540A30FDD6FCC8FD665985" authorityName="Edwards" authorityYear="1935" box="[533,759,871,897]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Culex" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="103" pageNumber="104" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="annulioris" subSpecies="major">
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA540A30FDD6FCC8FD665985" box="[533,759,871,897]" italics="true" pageId="103" pageNumber="104">C. annulioris major</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
as a different 
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA540A30FC5EFCC8FBB85984" box="[925,1065,871,897]" pageId="103" pageNumber="104" rank="variety" variety="from">variety from</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA540A30FBF1FCC8FAD35984" authorityName="Newstead" authorityYear="1907" box="[1074,1346,871,897]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Culex" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="103" pageNumber="104" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="annulioris" subSpecies="consimilis">
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA540A30FBF1FCC8FAD35984" box="[1074,1346,871,897]" italics="true" pageId="103" pageNumber="104">C. annulioris consimilis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and we propose to treat it as a synonym [translated from the French].”
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="9E0D36DBBA540A30FF04FC00FB575C54" blockId="103.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="103" pageNumber="104">
Cutting to the chase, we find that the conclusions reached by 
<bibRefCitation id="FA234B2ABA540A30FC54FC00FB2D59CC" author="Ovazza, M. &amp; Hamon, J. &amp; Neri, P." box="[919,1212,942,969]" pageId="103" pageNumber="104" pagination="151 - 182" refId="ref172405" refString="Ovazza, M., Hamon, J. &amp; Neri, P. (1956) Contribution a l'etude des dipteres vulnerants de l'empire d'Ethiopie. I. Culicidae. Bulletin de la Societe de Pathologie exotique, 49 (1), 151 - 182." type="journal article" year="1956">Hamon &amp; Ovazza (1956)</bibRefCitation>
are not convincing because they are based on presumed probability that features of the lateral plates of the male genitalia are not correlated with observed differences in the ornamentation of the adult females, principally the absence or presence and development of pale scaling on the abdominal terga. For the most part, neither the quantity nor quality of material available for study was adequate for resolving the taxonomy of the nominal forms. The study of Hamon &amp; Ovazza was based entirely on adult mosquitoes, and characteristics of the immature stages were not considered. Indeed, the larval and pupal stages for all of the nominal forms are unknown, except the 
<typeStatus id="41098879BA540A30FB41FB28FB235EA4" box="[1154,1202,1159,1185]" pageId="103" pageNumber="104">type</typeStatus>
form, which has not been definitely associated with topotypic material. As communicated by 
<bibRefCitation id="FA234B2ABA540A30FC1BFB04FB645EC0" author="Macfie, J. W. S. &amp; Ingram, A." box="[984,1269,1195,1221]" pageId="103" pageNumber="104" pagination="409 - 442" refId="ref167219" refString="Macfie, J. W. S. &amp; Ingram, A. (1923) The early stages of West African mosquitos. - VI. Bulletin of Entomological Research, 13 (4), 409 - 442. https: // doi. org / 10.1017 / S 000748530004551 X" type="journal article" year="1923">Macfie &amp; Ingram (1923)</bibRefCitation>
, “The larva of this mosquito [
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA540A30FE86FB60FE795EEC" authorityName=", Theobald" authorityYear="1901" box="[325,488,1231,1257]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Culex" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="103" pageNumber="104" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="annulioris">
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA540A30FE86FB60FE795EEC" box="[325,488,1231,1257]" italics="true" pageId="103" pageNumber="104">Cx. annulioris</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
] has been figured by 
<bibRefCitation id="FA234B2ABA540A30FD2AFB60FC215EEC" author="Edwards, F. W." box="[745,944,1231,1257]" pageId="103" pageNumber="104" pagination="373 - 385" refId="ref153174" refString="Edwards, F. W. (1912 d) Revised keys to the known larvae of African Culicinae. Bulletin of Entomological Research, 3 (4), 373 - 385. https: // doi. org / 10.1017 / S 0007485300002042" type="journal article" year="1912">Edwards [1912d]</bibRefCitation>
… and included in his key to the larvae of African 
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA540A30FF36FB5CFE015F08" box="[245,400,1267,1293]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="103" pageNumber="104" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">CULICIDAE</taxonomicName>
; it is therefore unnecessary for us to do more than mention a few additional characters.” As usual, Edwards only illustrated the head (dorsal view) and abdominal segments VIII and X (lateral view). Macfie &amp; Ingram also provided a description of the pupa, based on a single exuviae, and an illustration of the trumpet. The descriptions were based on specimens found in pools at Accra, 
<collectingCountry id="E6A5764BBA540A30FC63FAF0FC7C5F7C" box="[928,1005,1375,1401]" name="Ghana" pageId="103" pageNumber="104">Ghana</collectingCountry>
. The authors did not indicate how the specimens were identified to species, but they were presumably associated with reared adults that were identifiable as the 
<typeStatus id="41098879BA540A30FF25FA08FE875FC4" box="[230,278,1447,1473]" pageId="103" pageNumber="104">type</typeStatus>
form of 
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA540A30FE46FA08FDB95FC4" authorityName=", Theobald" authorityYear="1901" box="[389,552,1447,1473]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Culex" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="103" pageNumber="104" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="annulioris">
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA540A30FE46FA08FDB95FC4" box="[389,552,1447,1473]" italics="true" pageId="103" pageNumber="104">Cx. annulioris</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. 
<bibRefCitation id="FA234B2ABA540A30FDF9FA08FD795FC4" author="Hopkins, G. H. E." box="[570,744,1447,1473]" pageId="103" pageNumber="104" refId="ref160197" refString="Hopkins, G. H. E. (1936) Mosquitoes of the Ethiopian Region I. - Larval bionomics of mosquitoes and taxonomy of culicine larvae. Printed by order of the Trustees, British Museum (Natural History), London, (vi) + 250 pp." type="book" year="1936">Hopkins (1936</bibRefCitation>
, 
<bibRefCitation id="FA234B2ABA540A30FD34FA09FCA15FC4" author="Hopkins, G. H. E." box="[759,816,1446,1473]" pageId="103" pageNumber="104" refId="ref160249" refString="Hopkins, G. H. E. (1952) Mosquitoes of the Ethiopian Region I. - Larval bionomics of mosquitoes and taxonomy of culicine larvae. 2 nd Edition. British Museum (Natural History), London, viii + 355 pp." type="book" year="1952">1952</bibRefCitation>
) also described and illustrated the head and terminal abdominal segments of the 
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA540A30FE16FA64FDD95FE0" authorityName=", Theobald" authorityYear="1901" box="[469,584,1483,1509]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Culex" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="103" pageNumber="104" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="annulioris">
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA540A30FE16FA64FDD95FE0" box="[469,584,1483,1509]" italics="true" pageId="103" pageNumber="104">annulioris</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
larva, with notable differences from the illustrations of 
<bibRefCitation id="FA234B2ABA540A30FB13FA64FA095FE0" author="Edwards, F. W." box="[1232,1432,1483,1509]" pageId="103" pageNumber="104" pagination="373 - 385" refId="ref153174" refString="Edwards, F. W. (1912 d) Revised keys to the known larvae of African Culicinae. Bulletin of Entomological Research, 3 (4), 373 - 385. https: // doi. org / 10.1017 / S 0007485300002042" type="journal article" year="1912">Edwards (1912d)</bibRefCitation>
: Antenna slightly curved and slightly more slender distal to seta 1A, with more numerous branches; comb with fewer large spine-like scales; siphon shorter (index about 6.0 as opposed to about 8.4); pecten short, on approximately the basal 0.06 of the siphon (on approximately the basal 0.15 of the siphon illustrated by Edwards).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="9E0D36DBBA540A3FFF04F9F4FB35581C" blockId="103.[151,1437,151,2013]" lastBlockId="104.[151,1437,150,1869]" lastPageId="104" lastPageNumber="105" pageId="103" pageNumber="104">
With regard to the male genitalia, it is disappointing that attention has only been given to the structure of the lateral plate of the phallosome, which, in the case of the nominal taxa considered here, has been referred to inaccurately as the “hypopygium” (
<bibRefCitation id="FA234B2ABA540A30FDE7F90CFD555CB8" author="Galliard, H." box="[548,708,1699,1725]" pageId="103" pageNumber="104" pagination="225 - 232" refId="ref156247" refString="Galliard, H. (1931) Culicides du Gabon. I. - Culicines, avec la description d'une espece et de deux varietes nouvelles. Annales de Parasitologie Humaine et Comparee, 9 (3), 225 - 232. https: // doi. org / 10.1051 / parasite / 1931093225" type="journal article" year="1931">Galliard 1931</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="FA234B2ABA540A30FD0CF90CFCE55CB8" author="Edwards, F. W." box="[719,884,1698,1725]" pageId="103" pageNumber="104" pagination="127 - 136" refId="ref154211" refString="Edwards, F. W. (1935) Mosquito notes. - XII. Bulletin of Entomological Research, 26 (2), 127 - 136. https: // doi. org / 10.1017 / S 0007485300038116" type="journal article" year="1935">Edwards 1935</bibRefCitation>
), “mesosome” (
<bibRefCitation id="FA234B2ABA540A30FBE5F90CFB525CB8" author="Galliard, H." box="[1062,1219,1699,1725]" pageId="103" pageNumber="104" pagination="225 - 232" refId="ref156247" refString="Galliard, H. (1931) Culicides du Gabon. I. - Culicines, avec la description d'une espece et de deux varietes nouvelles. Annales de Parasitologie Humaine et Comparee, 9 (3), 225 - 232. https: // doi. org / 10.1051 / parasite / 1931093225" type="journal article" year="1931">Galliard 1931</bibRefCitation>
) and “phallosome” (
<bibRefCitation id="FA234B2ABA540A30FF5CF968FED55CE4" author="Edwards, F. W." box="[159,324,1735,1761]" pageId="103" pageNumber="104" refId="ref154310" refString="Edwards, F. W. (1941) Mosquitoes of the Ethiopian Region III. - Culicine adults and pupae. Printed by order of the Trustees, British Museum (Natural History), London, viii + 499 pp." type="book" year="1941">Edwards 1941</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="FA234B2ABA540A30FE93F968FDCD5CE4" author="Ovazza, M. &amp; Hamon, J. &amp; Neri, P." box="[336,604,1734,1761]" pageId="103" pageNumber="104" pagination="151 - 182" refId="ref172405" refString="Ovazza, M., Hamon, J. &amp; Neri, P. (1956) Contribution a l'etude des dipteres vulnerants de l'empire d'Ethiopie. I. Culicidae. Bulletin de la Societe de Pathologie exotique, 49 (1), 151 - 182." type="journal article" year="1956">Hamon &amp; Ovazza 1956</bibRefCitation>
). 
<bibRefCitation id="FA234B2ABA540A30FDACF968FD645CE4" author="Jupp, P. G." box="[623,757,1735,1761]" pageId="103" pageNumber="104" refId="ref161745" refString="Jupp, P. G. (1996) Mosquitoes of southern Africa: Culicinae and Toxorhynchitinae. Ekogilde Publishers, Hartebeespoort, 156 pp." type="book" year="1996">Jupp (1996)</bibRefCitation>
correctly referred to it, for the most part, as the “lateral plate of phallosome”. More specifically, distinctions between the nominal forms for which the male genitalia are known (
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA540A30FF62F8A0FED15D2C" box="[161,320,1807,1833]" italics="true" pageId="103" pageNumber="104">
i.e. 
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA540A30FF0EF8A0FED15D2C" authorityName=", Theobald" authorityYear="1901" box="[205,320,1807,1833]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Culex" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="103" pageNumber="104" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="annulioris">annulioris</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
, 
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA540A30FE93F8A0FE535D2C" authorityName="Newstead" authorityYear="1907" box="[336,450,1807,1833]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Culicelsa" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="103" pageNumber="104" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="consimilis">
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA540A30FE93F8A0FE535D2C" box="[336,450,1807,1833]" italics="true" pageId="103" pageNumber="104">consimilis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA540A30FE3DF8A0FDD05D2D" authorityName="Edwards" authorityYear="1935" box="[510,577,1807,1832]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Culex" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="103" pageNumber="104" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="major">
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA540A30FE3DF8A0FDD05D2D" box="[510,577,1807,1832]" italics="true" pageId="103" pageNumber="104">major</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
) have focused on the curved ventrocaudal surface of the inner division of the lateral plate (the “posterior margin of the inner division” of 
<bibRefCitation id="FA234B2ABA540A30FCB1F89CFB885D48" author="Edwards, F. W." box="[882,1049,1843,1869]" pageId="103" pageNumber="104" refId="ref154310" refString="Edwards, F. W. (1941) Mosquitoes of the Ethiopian Region III. - Culicine adults and pupae. Printed by order of the Trustees, British Museum (Natural History), London, viii + 499 pp." type="book" year="1941">Edwards 1941</bibRefCitation>
). In the 
<typeStatus id="41098879BA540A30FBBAF89CFB385D48" box="[1145,1193,1843,1869]" pageId="103" pageNumber="104">type</typeStatus>
form, that surface of the inner division bears numerous very minute spicules (characterized as “smooth” by 
<bibRefCitation id="FA234B2ABA540A30FB41F8F8FA055D74" author="Ovazza, M. &amp; Hamon, J. &amp; Neri, P." box="[1154,1428,1878,1905]" pageId="103" pageNumber="104" pagination="151 - 182" refId="ref172405" refString="Ovazza, M., Hamon, J. &amp; Neri, P. (1956) Contribution a l'etude des dipteres vulnerants de l'empire d'Ethiopie. I. Culicidae. Bulletin de la Societe de Pathologie exotique, 49 (1), 151 - 182." type="journal article" year="1956">Hamon &amp; Ovazza 1956</bibRefCitation>
) whereas in 
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA540A30FED9F8D4FE1D5D90" authorityName="Newstead" authorityYear="1907" box="[282,396,1915,1941]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Culicelsa" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="103" pageNumber="104" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="consimilis">
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA540A30FED9F8D4FE1D5D90" box="[282,396,1915,1941]" italics="true" pageId="103" pageNumber="104">consimilis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA540A30FE05F8D4FD985D91" authorityName="Edwards" authorityYear="1935" box="[454,521,1915,1940]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Culex" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="103" pageNumber="104" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="major">
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA540A30FE05F8D4FD985D91" box="[454,521,1915,1940]" italics="true" pageId="103" pageNumber="104">major</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
it bears many semi-recumbent thorn-like projections. However, the lateral plate is a complicated structure that exhibits differences in the shape and development of the dorsocaudal angle and its dorsally projecting recurved teeth, differences which seem to have been overlooked but are readily apparent in the illustrations provided by 
<bibRefCitation id="FA234B2ABA5B0A3FFE74FF38FDF85AB4" author="Galliard, H." box="[439,617,151,177]" pageId="104" pageNumber="105" pagination="225 - 232" refId="ref156247" refString="Galliard, H. (1931) Culicides du Gabon. I. - Culicines, avec la description d'une espece et de deux varietes nouvelles. Annales de Parasitologie Humaine et Comparee, 9 (3), 225 - 232. https: // doi. org / 10.1051 / parasite / 1931093225" type="journal article" year="1931">Galliard (1931)</bibRefCitation>
, 
<bibRefCitation id="FA234B2ABA5B0A3FFDB4FF38FCBE5AB4" author="Edwards, F. W." box="[631,815,151,177]" pageId="104" pageNumber="105" refId="ref154310" refString="Edwards, F. W. (1941) Mosquitoes of the Ethiopian Region III. - Culicine adults and pupae. Printed by order of the Trustees, British Museum (Natural History), London, viii + 499 pp." type="book" year="1941">Edwards (1941)</bibRefCitation>
, 
<bibRefCitation id="FA234B2ABA5B0A3FFCFEFF38FBF15AB4" author="Ovazza, M. &amp; Hamon, J. &amp; Neri, P." box="[829,1120,150,177]" pageId="104" pageNumber="105" pagination="151 - 182" refId="ref172405" refString="Ovazza, M., Hamon, J. &amp; Neri, P. (1956) Contribution a l'etude des dipteres vulnerants de l'empire d'Ethiopie. I. Culicidae. Bulletin de la Societe de Pathologie exotique, 49 (1), 151 - 182." type="journal article" year="1956">Hamon &amp; Ovazza (1956)</bibRefCitation>
and 
<bibRefCitation id="FA234B2ABA5B0A3FFB58FF38FAB65AB4" author="Jupp, P. G." box="[1179,1319,151,177]" pageId="104" pageNumber="105" refId="ref161745" refString="Jupp, P. G. (1996) Mosquitoes of southern Africa: Culicinae and Toxorhynchitinae. Ekogilde Publishers, Hartebeespoort, 156 pp." type="book" year="1996">Jupp (1996)</bibRefCitation>
. Although the lateral plates of 
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA5B0A3FFEB5FF14FE795AD0" authorityName="Newstead" authorityYear="1907" box="[374,488,187,213]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Culicelsa" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="104" pageNumber="105" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="consimilis">
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA5B0A3FFEB5FF14FE795AD0" box="[374,488,187,213]" italics="true" pageId="104" pageNumber="105">consimilis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA5B0A3FFDDCFF14FDF35AD1" authorityName="Edwards" authorityYear="1935" box="[543,610,187,212]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Culex" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="104" pageNumber="105" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="major">
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA5B0A3FFDDCFF14FDF35AD1" box="[543,610,187,212]" italics="true" pageId="104" pageNumber="105">major</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
both have thorn-like projections on the ventrocaudal surface, the contour and development of the surface between the projections and the dorsally projecting teeth is very different, as shown in figures 101f (
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA5B0A3FFE91FEACFE045B19" authorityName="Edwards" authorityYear="1935" box="[338,405,259,284]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Culex" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="104" pageNumber="105" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="major">
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA5B0A3FFE91FEACFE045B19" box="[338,405,259,284]" italics="true" pageId="104" pageNumber="105">major</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
) and 
<quantity id="594A9B3EBA5B0A3FFE1AFEACFD805B18" box="[473,529,259,285]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="kg" metricValue="1.01" pageId="104" pageNumber="105" unit="g" value="101.0">101g</quantity>
(
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA5B0A3FFDE0FEACFD045B18" authorityName="Newstead" authorityYear="1907" box="[547,661,259,285]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Culicelsa" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="104" pageNumber="105" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="consimilis">
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA5B0A3FFDE0FEACFD045B18" box="[547,661,259,285]" italics="true" pageId="104" pageNumber="105">consimilis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
) of 
<bibRefCitation id="FA234B2ABA5B0A3FFD04FEACFC105B18" author="Edwards, F. W." box="[711,897,259,285]" pageId="104" pageNumber="105" refId="ref154310" refString="Edwards, F. W. (1941) Mosquitoes of the Ethiopian Region III. - Culicine adults and pupae. Printed by order of the Trustees, British Museum (Natural History), London, viii + 499 pp." type="book" year="1941">Edwards (1941)</bibRefCitation>
. As illustrated by Edwards, and also 
<bibRefCitation id="FA234B2ABA5B0A3FFAE8FEACFED15B44" author="Ovazza, M. &amp; Hamon, J. &amp; Neri, P." pageId="104" pageNumber="105" pagination="151 - 182" refId="ref172405" refString="Ovazza, M., Hamon, J. &amp; Neri, P. (1956) Contribution a l'etude des dipteres vulnerants de l'empire d'Ethiopie. I. Culicidae. Bulletin de la Societe de Pathologie exotique, 49 (1), 151 - 182." type="journal article" year="1956">Hamon &amp; Ovazza (1956)</bibRefCitation>
, in 
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA5B0A3FFEA9FE88FE4D5B44" authorityName="Newstead" authorityYear="1907" box="[362,476,295,321]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Culicelsa" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="104" pageNumber="105" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="consimilis">
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA5B0A3FFEA9FE88FE4D5B44" box="[362,476,295,321]" italics="true" pageId="104" pageNumber="105">consimilis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
the region of the plate bearing the thorn-like projects is more or less evenly rounded and a distinct group of small dorsally directed denticles is present at the base of the recurved teeth whereas in 
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA5B0A3FFA9AFEE4FA0D5B61" authorityName="Edwards" authorityYear="1935" box="[1369,1436,331,356]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Culex" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="104" pageNumber="105" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="major">
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA5B0A3FFA9AFEE4FA0D5B61" box="[1369,1436,331,356]" italics="true" pageId="104" pageNumber="105">major</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
the region bearing the thorn-like processes is more angular and there are no denticles at the base of the recurved teeth. Surprisingly, none of the illustrations of the lateral plates which Hamon &amp; Ovazza illustrated as those of 
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA5B0A3FFF54FE18FE985BD4" authorityName="Newstead" authorityYear="1907" box="[151,265,439,465]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Culicelsa" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="104" pageNumber="105" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="consimilis">
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA5B0A3FFF54FE18FE985BD4" box="[151,265,439,465]" italics="true" pageId="104" pageNumber="105">consimilis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
are similar to the lateral plate of 
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA5B0A3FFD4EFE18FD415BD5" authorityName="Edwards" authorityYear="1935" box="[653,720,439,464]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Culex" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="104" pageNumber="105" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="major">
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA5B0A3FFD4EFE18FD415BD5" box="[653,720,439,464]" italics="true" pageId="104" pageNumber="105">major</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
illustrated by Edwards. We anticipate that other differences in structures of the male genitalia, 
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA5B0A3FFDC9FE74FDA35BF1" box="[522,562,475,500]" italics="true" pageId="104" pageNumber="105">e.g.</emphasis>
the development of the subapical lobe of the gonocoxite and its specialized setae, will be found that further indicate the existence of a number of closely related species.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="9E0D36DBBA5B0A3FFF04FD8CFD0B59A0" blockId="104.[151,1437,150,1869]" pageId="104" pageNumber="105">
In addition to overlooking information about larvae and pupae, 
<bibRefCitation id="FA234B2ABA5B0A3FFC4BFD8CFB335838" author="Ovazza, M. &amp; Hamon, J. &amp; Neri, P." box="[904,1186,546,573]" pageId="104" pageNumber="105" pagination="151 - 182" refId="ref172405" refString="Ovazza, M., Hamon, J. &amp; Neri, P. (1956) Contribution a l'etude des dipteres vulnerants de l'empire d'Ethiopie. I. Culicidae. Bulletin de la Societe de Pathologie exotique, 49 (1), 151 - 182." type="journal article" year="1956">Hamon &amp; Ovazza (1956)</bibRefCitation>
also failed to consider the descriptions and illustrations of structures of the female genitalia of 
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA5B0A3FFC24FDE8FBCB5864" authorityName=", Theobald" authorityYear="1901" box="[999,1114,583,609]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Culex" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="104" pageNumber="105" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="annulioris">
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA5B0A3FFC24FDE8FBCB5864" box="[999,1114,583,609]" italics="true" pageId="104" pageNumber="105">annulioris</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA5B0A3FFB5BFDE8FA9B5864" authorityName="Newstead" authorityYear="1907" box="[1176,1290,583,609]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Culicelsa" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="104" pageNumber="105" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="consimilis">
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA5B0A3FFB5BFDE8FA9B5864" box="[1176,1290,583,609]" italics="true" pageId="104" pageNumber="105">consimilis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(as separate species) provided by 
<bibRefCitation id="FA234B2ABA5B0A3FFE41FDC4FD065880" author="Macfie, J. W. S. &amp; Ingram, A." box="[386,663,619,645]" pageId="104" pageNumber="105" pagination="157 - 188" refId="ref167168" refString="Macfie, J. W. S. &amp; Ingram, A. (1922) On the genital armature of the female mosquito. Annals of Tropical Medicine and Parasitology, 16 (2), 157 - 188. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 00034983.1922.11684308" type="journal article" year="1922">Macfie &amp; Ingram (1922)</bibRefCitation>
. Differences were noted as follows: In 
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA5B0A3FFB87FDC4FB265880" authorityName=", Theobald" authorityYear="1901" box="[1092,1207,619,645]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Culex" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="104" pageNumber="105" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="annulioris">
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA5B0A3FFB87FDC4FB265880" box="[1092,1207,619,645]" italics="true" pageId="104" pageNumber="105">annulioris</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, the postgenital lobe (their tenth segment) bears four or five small setae on each side of the ventral surface and the posterior margin is emarginate; the spermathecal capsules are “sub-equal, oval; length 99 μ, breadth 68 μ, the chitinised portion of the ducts very short, about 2 μ.” In contrast, the postgenital lobe of 
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA5B0A3FFC97FD78FC5758F4" authorityName="Newstead" authorityYear="1907" box="[852,966,727,753]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Culicelsa" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="104" pageNumber="105" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="consimilis">
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA5B0A3FFC97FD78FC5758F4" box="[852,966,727,753]" italics="true" pageId="104" pageNumber="105">consimilis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
“bears about nine small setae on each side on its ventral aspect” and the posterior margin is not emarginate; the spermathecal capsules are larger, “the middle one measured 137 μ in length by 84 μ in breadth, and the chitinised portion of its duct was about 7 μ long, and in the other two spermathecae the corresponding measurements were 129 μ, 80 μ, and 4μ respectively.” The authors did not mention how the specimens were identified to species or where they were collected, but the observed differences clearly indicate potential specific distinctions.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="9E0D36DBBA5B0A3FFF04FC00FF6E5EEC" blockId="104.[151,1437,150,1869]" pageId="104" pageNumber="105">
A look at the collection records for the 
<typeStatus id="41098879BA5B0A3FFD4EFC00FD2C59CC" box="[653,701,943,969]" pageId="104" pageNumber="105">type</typeStatus>
form and subspecies 
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA5B0A3FFC74FC00FBB859CC" authorityName="Newstead" authorityYear="1907" box="[951,1065,943,969]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Culicelsa" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="104" pageNumber="105" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="consimilis">
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA5B0A3FFC74FC00FBB859CC" box="[951,1065,943,969]" italics="true" pageId="104" pageNumber="105">consimilis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA5B0A3FFBA1FC00FB3459CD" authorityName="Edwards" authorityYear="1935" box="[1122,1189,943,968]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Culex" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="104" pageNumber="105" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="major">
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA5B0A3FFBA1FC00FB3459CD" box="[1122,1189,943,968]" italics="true" pageId="104" pageNumber="105">major</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
reveals that the three forms occur in sympatry throughout central (sub-Saharan) and eastern Africa. It is interesting to note that the 
<typeStatus id="41098879BA5B0A3FFAAFFC7CFA0D59E8" box="[1388,1436,979,1005]" pageId="104" pageNumber="105">type</typeStatus>
localities of all nominal forms currently regarded as junior synonyms are in countries of central and western Africa, far north of the 
<typeStatus id="41098879BA5B0A3FFE83FBB4FEE15E30" box="[320,368,1051,1077]" pageId="104" pageNumber="105">type</typeStatus>
locality of 
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA5B0A3FFE2FFBB4FD615E31" box="[492,752,1051,1077]" italics="true" pageId="104" pageNumber="105">
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA5B0A3FFE2FFBB4FDCE5E30" authorityName=", Theobald" authorityYear="1901" box="[492,607,1051,1077]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Culex" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="104" pageNumber="105" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" sensu="stricto" species="annulioris">annulioris</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="B7F557B2BA5B0A3FFDA7FBB4FD615E31" box="[612,752,1051,1076]" pageId="104" pageNumber="105" sensu="stricto">sensu stricto</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
in 
<collectingCountry id="E6A5764BBA5B0A3FFCD3FBB4FC1A5E30" box="[784,907,1051,1077]" name="Zimbabwe" pageId="104" pageNumber="105">Zimbabwe</collectingCountry>
. It is particularly interesting to note that the 
<typeStatus id="41098879BA5B0A3FFAAFFBB4FA0D5E30" box="[1388,1436,1051,1077]" pageId="104" pageNumber="105">type</typeStatus>
locality of 
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA5B0A3FFECCFB90FE1C5E5C" box="[271,397,1087,1113]" italics="true" pageId="104" pageNumber="105">gambiensis</emphasis>
, the sole synonym of the 
<typeStatus id="41098879BA5B0A3FFD6BFB90FD495E5C" box="[680,728,1087,1113]" pageId="104" pageNumber="105">type</typeStatus>
form, is located more than 
<quantity id="594A9B3EBA5B0A3FFBC4FB91FBE15E5C" box="[1031,1136,1086,1113]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.5" pageId="104" pageNumber="105" unit="km" value="6.5">6,500 km</quantity>
(by land) from 
<collectingCountry id="E6A5764BBA5B0A3FFADEFB90FA095E5C" box="[1309,1432,1087,1113]" name="Zimbabwe" pageId="104" pageNumber="105">Zimbabwe</collectingCountry>
. Considering the ecological and topographical differences over the very wide distribution of 
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA5B0A3FFB70FBCCFF525EA4" italics="true" pageId="104" pageNumber="105">
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA5B0A3FFB70FBCCFAC45E78" authorityName=", Theobald" authorityYear="1901" box="[1203,1365,1123,1149]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Culex" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="104" pageNumber="105" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" sensu="lato" species="annulioris">Cx. annulioris</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="B7F557B2BA5B0A3FFA9DFBCCFF525EA4" pageId="104" pageNumber="105" sensu="lato">sensu lato</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
, it is surprising that Hamon &amp; Ovazza found no correlation of the marked variation in the coloration of the adults with geographical distribution. This is very puzzling because such variation is often suggestive of a species complex.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="9E0D36DBBA5B0A3FFF04FB5CFE1C5C28" blockId="104.[151,1437,150,1869]" pageId="104" pageNumber="105">
Whereas 
<bibRefCitation id="FA234B2ABA5B0A3FFEF7FB5CFDCB5F08" author="Ovazza, M. &amp; Hamon, J. &amp; Neri, P." box="[308,602,1266,1293]" pageId="104" pageNumber="105" pagination="151 - 182" refId="ref172405" refString="Ovazza, M., Hamon, J. &amp; Neri, P. (1956) Contribution a l'etude des dipteres vulnerants de l'empire d'Ethiopie. I. Culicidae. Bulletin de la Societe de Pathologie exotique, 49 (1), 151 - 182." type="journal article" year="1956">Hamon &amp; Ovazza (1956)</bibRefCitation>
interpreted 
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA5B0A3FFD2AFB5CFC1C5F08" authorityName=", Theobald" authorityYear="1901" box="[745,909,1267,1293]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Culex" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="104" pageNumber="105" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="annulioris">
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA5B0A3FFD2AFB5CFC1C5F08" box="[745,909,1267,1293]" italics="true" pageId="104" pageNumber="105">Cx. annulioris</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
as an extremely variable species, we believe that the available morphological and distributional data provide evidence of a species complex. In the absence of a comprehensive study of topotypic material, the nominal forms remain poorly and inadequately known, particularly because the immature stages have never been used to help define them—the complete larval and pupal chaetotaxy has not been studied even for the two currently recognized subspecies. As in the case of several species of the 
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA5B0A3FFF54FA08FEF35FC4" authority="Subgroup" authorityName="Subgroup" box="[151,354,1447,1473]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Culex" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="104" pageNumber="105" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="vishnui">Vishnui Subgroup</taxonomicName>
of the subgenus 
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA5B0A3FFDDDFA08FDCE5FC4" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1758" box="[542,607,1447,1473]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Culex" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="104" pageNumber="105" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA5B0A3FFDDDFA08FDCE5FC4" box="[542,607,1447,1473]" italics="true" pageId="104" pageNumber="105">Culex</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, whose lateral plates are very similar to those of 
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA5B0A3FFB41FA08FAB35FC4" authorityName=", Theobald" authorityYear="1901" box="[1154,1314,1447,1473]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Culex" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="104" pageNumber="105" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="annulioris">
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA5B0A3FFB41FA08FAB35FC4" box="[1154,1314,1447,1473]" italics="true" pageId="104" pageNumber="105">Cx. annulioris</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and which exhibit marked similarities in the adult stage (see 
<bibRefCitation id="FA234B2ABA5B0A3FFD01FA64FCC25FE0" author="Colless, D. H." box="[706,851,1482,1509]" pageId="104" pageNumber="105" pagination="87 - 101" refId="ref148606" refString="Colless, D. H. (1957) Notes on the culicine mosquitoes of Singapore II. - The Culex vishnui group (Diptera, Culicidae), with descriptions of two new species. Annals of Tropical Medicine and Parasitology, 51 (1), 87 - 101. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 00034983.1957.11685798" type="journal article" year="1957">Colless 1957</bibRefCitation>
and 
<bibRefCitation id="FA234B2ABA5B0A3FFC4AFA64FBCA5FE0" author="Sirivanakarn, S." box="[905,1115,1483,1509]" pageId="104" pageNumber="105" pagination="1 - 272" refId="ref178540" refString="Sirivanakarn, S. (1976) Medical entomology studies - III. A revision of the subgenus Culex in the Oriental Region (Diptera: Culicidae). Contributions of the American Entomological Institute, 12 (2), iii, 1 - 272." type="journal article" year="1976">Sirivanakarn 1976</bibRefCitation>
), we anticipate that larvae of reared specimens collected in the 
<typeStatus id="41098879BA5B0A3FFDD2FA40FDD05C0C" box="[529,577,1519,1545]" pageId="104" pageNumber="105">type</typeStatus>
localities are likely to show that 
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA5B0A3FFC77FA40FBB65C0C" authorityName=", Theobald" authorityYear="1901" box="[948,1063,1519,1545]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Culex" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="104" pageNumber="105" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="annulioris">
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA5B0A3FFC77FA40FBB65C0C" box="[948,1063,1519,1545]" italics="true" pageId="104" pageNumber="105">annulioris</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA5B0A3FFBF6FA40FB365C0C" authorityName="Newstead" authorityYear="1907" box="[1077,1191,1519,1545]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Culicelsa" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="104" pageNumber="105" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="consimilis">
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA5B0A3FFBF6FA40FB365C0C" box="[1077,1191,1519,1545]" italics="true" pageId="104" pageNumber="105">consimilis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA5B0A3FFB1EFA40FAB15C0D" authorityName="Edwards" authorityYear="1935" box="[1245,1312,1519,1544]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Culex" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="104" pageNumber="105" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="major">
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA5B0A3FFB1EFA40FAB15C0D" box="[1245,1312,1519,1544]" italics="true" pageId="104" pageNumber="105">major</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
are clearly differentiated species.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="9E0D36DBBA5B0A3FFF04F998FC5A5D48" blockId="104.[151,1437,150,1869]" pageId="104" pageNumber="105">
In addition to morphology, bionomical and molecular data are needed to resolve the composition of the Annulioris Complex. For the time being, we believe it is prudent to recognize the following nominal taxa as separate species of the complex: 
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA5B0A3FFE9AF9D1FC0A5C9D" authority="Theobald, 1901 a" authorityName=", Theobald" authorityYear="1901" box="[345,923,1662,1689]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Culex" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="104" pageNumber="105" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="annulioris" subGenus="Oculeomyia">
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA5B0A3FFE9AF9D1FC0A5C9D" bold="true" box="[345,923,1662,1689]" pageId="104" pageNumber="105">
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA5B0A3FFE9AF9D1FE0C5C9C" bold="true" box="[345,413,1662,1689]" italics="true" pageId="104" pageNumber="105">Culex</emphasis>
(
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA5B0A3FFE72F9D1FDAA5C9C" bold="true" box="[433,571,1662,1689]" italics="true" pageId="104" pageNumber="105">Oculeomyia</emphasis>
) 
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA5B0A3FFD8CF9D1FD565C9C" bold="true" box="[591,711,1662,1689]" italics="true" pageId="104" pageNumber="105">annulioris</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="FA234B2ABA5B0A3FFD12F9D0FC0A5C9D" author="Theobald, F. V." box="[721,923,1662,1689]" pageId="104" pageNumber="105" refId="ref181412" refString="Theobald, F. V. (1901 a) A monograph of the Culicidae or mosquitoes. Vol. 1. British Museum (Natural History), London, xviii + 424 pp., pls. viii + I - XXXVII and A - E under separate cover. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 58067" type="book" year="1901">Theobald, 1901a</bibRefCitation>
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA5B0A3FFC6FF9D1FF5E5CB9" authority="Newstead, 1907" authorityName="Newstead" authorityYear="1907" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Culex" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="104" pageNumber="105" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="consimilis" subGenus="Oculeomyia">
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA5B0A3FFC6FF9D1FF5E5CB9" bold="true" pageId="104" pageNumber="105">
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA5B0A3FFC6FF9D1FC615C9C" bold="true" box="[940,1008,1662,1689]" italics="true" pageId="104" pageNumber="105">Culex</emphasis>
(
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA5B0A3FFBC6F9D1FB1E5C9C" bold="true" box="[1029,1167,1662,1689]" italics="true" pageId="104" pageNumber="105">Oculeomyia</emphasis>
) 
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA5B0A3FFB60F9D1FA895C9C" bold="true" box="[1187,1304,1662,1689]" italics="true" pageId="104" pageNumber="105">consimilis</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="FA234B2ABA5B0A3FFAE1F9D0FF5E5CB9" author="Newstead, R. &amp; Dutton, J. E. &amp; Todd, J. L." pageId="104" pageNumber="105" pagination="3 - 113" refId="ref171869" refString="Newstead, R., Dutton, J. E. &amp; Todd, J. L. L (1907) Insects and other Arthropoda collected in the Congo Free State. Annals of Tropical Medicine and Parasitology, 1 (1 - 5), 3 - 113. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 00034983.1907.11719252" type="journal article" year="1907">Newstead, 1907</bibRefCitation>
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA5B0A3FFEC4F90DFD645CB9" authority="Edwards, 1935" authorityName="Edwards" authorityYear="1935" box="[263,757,1698,1725]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Culex" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="104" pageNumber="105" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="major" subGenus="Oculeomyia">
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA5B0A3FFEC4F90DFD645CB9" bold="true" box="[263,757,1698,1725]" pageId="104" pageNumber="105">
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA5B0A3FFEC4F90DFEDA5CB8" bold="true" box="[263,331,1698,1725]" italics="true" pageId="104" pageNumber="105">Culex</emphasis>
(
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA5B0A3FFE9FF90DFE775CB8" bold="true" box="[348,486,1698,1725]" italics="true" pageId="104" pageNumber="105">Oculeomyia</emphasis>
) 
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA5B0A3FFE34F90CFDAA5CB8" bold="true" box="[503,571,1699,1725]" italics="true" pageId="104" pageNumber="105">major</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="FA234B2ABA5B0A3FFD80F90CFD645CB9" author="Edwards, F. W." box="[579,757,1698,1725]" pageId="104" pageNumber="105" pagination="127 - 136" refId="ref154211" refString="Edwards, F. W. (1935) Mosquito notes. - XII. Bulletin of Entomological Research, 26 (2), 127 - 136. https: // doi. org / 10.1017 / S 0007485300038116" type="journal article" year="1935">Edwards, 1935</bibRefCitation>
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. 
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA5B0A3FFCC0F90CFC2F5CB8" authorityName="Newstead" authorityYear="1907" box="[771,958,1699,1725]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Culex" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="104" pageNumber="105" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="consimilis">
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA5B0A3FFCC0F90CFC2F5CB8" box="[771,958,1699,1725]" italics="true" pageId="104" pageNumber="105">Culex consimilis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA5B0A3FFC36F90CFBF75CB9" authorityName="Edwards" authorityYear="1935" box="[1013,1126,1699,1725]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Culex" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="104" pageNumber="105" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="major">
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA5B0A3FFC36F90CFBF75CB9" box="[1013,1126,1699,1725]" italics="true" pageId="104" pageNumber="105">Cx. major</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
need to be added to the list of 
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA5B0A3FFF76F968FEDF5CE4" box="[181,334,1735,1761]" pageId="104" pageNumber="105">
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA5B0A3FFF76F968FF675CE4" box="[181,246,1735,1761]" italics="true" pageId="104" pageNumber="105">Culex</emphasis>
species
</taxonomicName>
recognized in the Encyclopedia of Life. The following nominal forms are provisionally retained as junior synonyms: 
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA5B0A3FFEA7F944FC155D00" authority="Theobald, 1903 b" authorityName="Theobald" authorityYear="1903" box="[356,900,1771,1797]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Culex" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="104" pageNumber="105" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="variety" species="annulioris" variety="gambiensis">
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA5B0A3FFEA7F944FD945D00" box="[356,517,1771,1797]" italics="true" pageId="104" pageNumber="105">Cx. annulioris</emphasis>
var. 
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA5B0A3FFDFCF944FD2C5D00" box="[575,701,1771,1797]" italics="true" pageId="104" pageNumber="105">gambiensis</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="FA234B2ABA5B0A3FFD06F944FC155D00" author="Theobald, F. V." box="[709,900,1771,1797]" pageId="104" pageNumber="105" pagination="i - xi" refId="ref181663" refString="Theobald, F. V. (1903 b) Report on a collection of mosquitoes or Culicidae, etc, from Gambia, and descriptions of new species. Memoirs of the Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, 10 (Appendix), i - xi, 2 pls." type="journal article" year="1903">Theobald, 1903b</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
(synonym of 
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA5B0A3FFBE7F944FA1E5D00" authority="Theobald, 1901 a" authorityName=", Theobald" authorityYear="1901" box="[1060,1423,1771,1797]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Culex" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="104" pageNumber="105" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="annulioris">
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA5B0A3FFBE7F944FB575D00" box="[1060,1222,1771,1797]" italics="true" pageId="104" pageNumber="105">Cx. annulioris</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="FA234B2ABA5B0A3FFB0DF944FA1E5D00" author="Theobald, F. V." box="[1230,1423,1771,1797]" pageId="104" pageNumber="105" refId="ref181412" refString="Theobald, F. V. (1901 a) A monograph of the Culicidae or mosquitoes. Vol. 1. British Museum (Natural History), London, xviii + 424 pp., pls. viii + I - XXXVII and A - E under separate cover. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 58067" type="book" year="1901">Theobald, 1901a</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
); 
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA5B0A3FFF54F8A0FDD25D2C" authority="Theobald, 1909" authorityName="Theobald" authorityYear="1909" box="[151,579,1807,1833]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Culex" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="104" pageNumber="105" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pseudoannulioris">
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA5B0A3FFF54F8A0FE165D2C" box="[151,391,1807,1833]" italics="true" pageId="104" pageNumber="105">Cx. pseudoannulioris</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="FA234B2ABA5B0A3FFE4CF8A0FDD25D2C" author="Theobald, F. V." box="[399,579,1807,1833]" pageId="104" pageNumber="105" refId="ref182128" refString="Theobald, F. V. (1909) Descriptions of the new mosquitoes collected by Dr. Graham in Ashanti. Gold Coast Miscellaneous Publication No. 237. Great Britain Colonial Office. London, 31 pp., 2 pls." type="book" year="1909">Theobald, 1909</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA5B0A3FFD8CF8A0FBD35D2C" authority="Evans, 1923" authorityName="Evans" authorityYear="1923" box="[591,1090,1807,1833]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Culex" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="104" pageNumber="105" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="variety" species="annulioris" variety="congolensis">
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA5B0A3FFD8CF8A0FD605D2C" box="[591,753,1807,1833]" italics="true" pageId="104" pageNumber="105">Cx. annulioris</emphasis>
var. 
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA5B0A3FFCE9F8A0FC3F5D2C" box="[810,942,1807,1833]" italics="true" pageId="104" pageNumber="105">congolensis</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="FA234B2ABA5B0A3FFC74F8A0FBD35D2C" author="Evans, A. M." box="[951,1090,1807,1833]" pageId="104" pageNumber="105" pagination="89 - 91" refId="ref154787" refString="Evans, A. M. (1923) A new species and a new variety of Culex from the Belgian Congo. Annals of Tropical Medicine and Parasitology, 17 (1), 89 - 91. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 00034983.1923.11684352" type="journal article" year="1923">Evans, 1923</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA5B0A3FFBB8F8A0FE285D48" authority="Galliard, 1931" authorityName="Galliard" authorityYear="1931" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Culex" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="104" pageNumber="105" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="variety" species="bitaeniorhynchus" variety="mayumbae">
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA5B0A3FFBB8F8A0FAFA5D2C" box="[1147,1387,1807,1833]" italics="true" pageId="104" pageNumber="105">Cx. bitaeniorhynchus</emphasis>
var. 
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA5B0A3FFF54F89CFE815D48" box="[151,272,1843,1869]" italics="true" pageId="104" pageNumber="105">mayumbae</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="FA234B2ABA5B0A3FFED4F89CFE285D48" author="Galliard, H." box="[279,441,1843,1869]" pageId="104" pageNumber="105" pagination="225 - 232" refId="ref156247" refString="Galliard, H. (1931) Culicides du Gabon. I. - Culicines, avec la description d'une espece et de deux varietes nouvelles. Annales de Parasitologie Humaine et Comparee, 9 (3), 225 - 232. https: // doi. org / 10.1051 / parasite / 1931093225" type="journal article" year="1931">Galliard, 1931</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
(synonyms of 
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA5B0A3FFDA3F89CFC2E5D48" authority="Newstead, 1907" authorityName="Newstead" authorityYear="1907" box="[608,959,1843,1869]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Culex" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="104" pageNumber="105" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="consimilis">
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA5B0A3FFDA3F89CFC915D48" box="[608,768,1843,1869]" italics="true" pageId="104" pageNumber="105">Cx. consimilis</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="FA234B2ABA5B0A3FFCC5F89CFC2E5D48" author="Newstead, R. &amp; Dutton, J. E. &amp; Todd, J. L." box="[774,959,1843,1869]" pageId="104" pageNumber="105" pagination="3 - 113" refId="ref171869" refString="Newstead, R., Dutton, J. E. &amp; Todd, J. L. L (1907) Insects and other Arthropoda collected in the Congo Free State. Annals of Tropical Medicine and Parasitology, 1 (1 - 5), 3 - 113. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 00034983.1907.11719252" type="journal article" year="1907">Newstead, 1907</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>