520 lines
62 KiB
XML
520 lines
62 KiB
XML
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<mods:title id="C3B9543F47327B9BB5E74867CFA4E834">The insupportable validity of mosquito subspecies (Diptera: Culicidae) and their exclusion from culicid classification</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="BB76034213F158DDBC06337E5F2F2B0A">Harbach, Ralph E.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="2C735920558D0C9F56618C7A7C950C57">Wilkerson, Richard C.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="370C0B5E6C2E402B722BDF0B1D00FF67" type="email">wilkersonr@si.edu</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:title id="BF050191C45AB60A2FA6B0C0B15EE571">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="D5AF8601AF62848ED3B508BA488A95C3">2023</mods:date>
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<treatment id="161B87CDBA220A45FF54FC25FAEF5F98" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8061406" ID-GBIF-Taxon="209700394" ID-Zenodo-Dep="8061406" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:161B87CDBA220A45FF54FC25FAEF5F98" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/161B87CDBA220A45FF54FC25FAEF5F98" lastPageId="18" lastPageNumber="19" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
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<subSubSection id="D6A86550BA220A46FF54FC25FE3359A0" box="[151,418,906,933]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="9E0D36DBBA220A46FF54FC25FE3359A0" blockId="17.[151,418,906,933]" box="[151,418,906,933]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
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<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA220A46FF54FC25FE3359A0" bold="true" box="[151,418,906,933]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
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Subspecies
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<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA220A46FEE5FC25FE3359A0" ID-CoL="89Z86" ID-ENA="7173" authority="(Patton, 1905)" authorityYear="1905" baseAuthorityName="Patton" baseAuthorityYear="1905" box="[294,418,906,933]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Anopheles" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="arabiensis">
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<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA220A46FEE5FC25FE3359A0" bold="true" box="[294,418,906,933]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">arabiensis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</emphasis>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="D6A86550BA220A45FF54FC7CFAEF5F98" lastPageId="18" lastPageNumber="19" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" type="discussion">
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<paragraph id="9E0D36DBBA220A46FF54FC7CFE6D5EA4" blockId="17.[151,1437,978,2013]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
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<bibRefCitation id="FA234B2ABA220A46FF54FC7CFEA159E8" author="Patton, W. S." box="[151,304,978,1005]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" pagination="623 - 637" refId="ref172752" refString="Patton, W. S. (1905) The culicid fauna of the Aden Hinterland, their haunts and habits. Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society, 16 (4), 623 - 637, 5 pls." type="journal article" year="1905">Patton (1905)</bibRefCitation>
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described subspecies
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<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA220A46FDEAFC7CFD0F59E8" box="[553,670,979,1005]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Culex" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="arabiensis">
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<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA220A46FDEAFC7CFD0F59E8" box="[553,670,979,1005]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">arabiensis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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from Ulub Camp and Crater, West
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<collectingCountry id="E6A5764BBA220A46FBE8FC7CFB6759E8" box="[1067,1270,979,1005]" name="Yemen" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Aden Protectorate</collectingCountry>
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[
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<collectingCountry id="E6A5764BBA220A46FAC7FC7CFAC959E8" box="[1284,1368,979,1005]" name="Yemen" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Yemen</collectingCountry>
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] from an unspecified number of adult males, adult females and larvae. No type specimen was designated and type material is presumed to be lost or never existed.
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<bibRefCitation id="FA234B2ABA220A46FD90FBB4FD7D5E30" author="White, G. B." box="[595,748,1050,1077]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" pagination="303 - 344" refId="ref184541" refString="White, G. B. (1975) Notes on a catalogue of Culicidae of the Ethiopian Region. Mosquito Systematics, 7 (4), 303 - 344." type="journal article" year="1975">White (1975)</bibRefCitation>
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, when he removed
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<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA220A46FC05FBB4FBAA5E30" box="[966,1083,1051,1077]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Culex" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="arabiensis">
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<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA220A46FC05FBB4FBAA5E30" box="[966,1083,1051,1077]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">arabiensis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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from synonymy (synonymy by
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<bibRefCitation id="FA234B2ABA220A46FF54FB90FEF85E5C" author="Hamon, J. & Maffi, M. & Grenier, P. & Ouedraogo, C. S. & Djime, D." box="[151,361,1087,1113]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" pagination="371 - 383" refId="ref158377" refString="Hamon, J., Maffi, M., Grenier, P., Ouedraogo, C. S. & Djime, D. (1966) Notes sur les moustiques de la Republique islamique de Mauritanie [Dipt. Culicidae] (IIe partie). Annales de la Societe Entomologique de France, 2 (2), 371 - 383." type="journal article" year="1966">
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Hamon
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<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA220A46FF32FB90FEB85E5C" box="[241,297,1087,1113]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">et al.</emphasis>
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1966
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</bibRefCitation>
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) with
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<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA220A46FE72FB90FE6C5E5D" authorityName="Wilkerson et al." authorityYear="2021" baseAuthorityName="Meigen" baseAuthorityYear="1830" box="[433,509,1087,1112]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Aedes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="vexans">
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<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA220A46FE72FB90FE6C5E5D" box="[433,509,1087,1112]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">vexans</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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and elevated it to a subspecies of
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<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA220A46FCBEFB90FC585E5D" authorityName="Wilkerson et al." authorityYear="2021" baseAuthorityName="Meigen" baseAuthorityYear="1830" box="[893,969,1087,1112]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Aedes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="vexans">
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<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA220A46FCBEFB90FC585E5D" box="[893,969,1087,1112]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">vexans</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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, reported finding a male and
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<specimenCount id="88B4FD52BA220A46FAD7FB90FA0D5E5C" box="[1300,1436,1087,1113]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" type="female">two females</specimenCount>
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of
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<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA220A46FF77FBCCFEB85E78" box="[180,297,1123,1149]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Culex" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="arabiensis">
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<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA220A46FF77FBCCFEB85E78" box="[180,297,1123,1149]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">arabiensis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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from
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<collectingRegion id="5C76F839BA220A46FEA9FBCCFE385E78" box="[362,425,1123,1149]" country="Yemen" name="'Adan" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Aden</collectingRegion>
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, “topotypic
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<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA220A46FDECFBCCFD355E78" box="[559,676,1123,1149]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Culex" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="arabiensis">
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<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA220A46FDECFBCCFD355E78" box="[559,676,1123,1149]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">arabiensis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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material”, in the collection of the Natural History Museum, London, but did not designate a
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<typeStatus id="41098879BA220A46FE5FFB28FE695EA4" box="[412,504,1159,1185]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" type="neotype">neotype</typeStatus>
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.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="9E0D36DBBA220A46FF04FB04FDFA5FE0" blockId="17.[151,1437,978,2013]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
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<bibRefCitation id="FA234B2ABA220A46FF04FB04FEE45EC0" author="Patton, W. S." box="[199,373,1194,1221]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" pagination="623 - 637" refId="ref172752" refString="Patton, W. S. (1905) The culicid fauna of the Aden Hinterland, their haunts and habits. Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society, 16 (4), 623 - 637, 5 pls." type="journal article" year="1905">Patton’s (1905)</bibRefCitation>
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original description of
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<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA220A46FD46FB04FD6B5EC0" box="[645,762,1195,1221]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Culex" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="arabiensis">
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<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA220A46FD46FB04FD6B5EC0" box="[645,762,1195,1221]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">arabiensis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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is vague and roughly follows the description of
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<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA220A46FAE8FB04FAE65EC1" authorityName="Wilkerson et al." authorityYear="2021" baseAuthorityName="Meigen" baseAuthorityYear="1830" box="[1323,1399,1195,1220]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Aedes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="vexans">
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<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA220A46FAE8FB04FAE65EC1" box="[1323,1399,1195,1220]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">vexans</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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by
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<bibRefCitation id="FA234B2ABA220A46FF54FB60FEEB5EEC" author="Becker, N. & Petric, D. & Zgomba, M. & Boase, C. & Madon, M. & Dahl, C. & Kaiser, A." box="[151,378,1231,1257]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" refId="ref144535" refString="Becker, N., Petric, D., Zgomba, M., Boase, C., Madon, M., Dahl, C. & Kaiser, A. (2020) Mosquitoes: identification, ecology and control. 3 rd Edition. Springer Nature Switzerland AG, Cham, xxxi + 570 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / 978 - 3 - 030 - 11623 - 1" type="book" year="2020">
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Becker
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<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA220A46FF2DFB60FEB15EEC" box="[238,288,1231,1257]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">et al</emphasis>
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. (2020)
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</bibRefCitation>
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paraphrased above. Confusingly, Patton stated: Thorax “with a dark line down the center and two at the sides. Abdomen brown with apical black bands. …
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<collectingRegion id="5C76F839BA220A46FC8DFB5CFC1D5F08" box="[846,908,1267,1293]" country="Maldives" name="Maale" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Male</collectingRegion>
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genitalia, basal lobes narrow... apical segment thin and somewhat club shaped.” The apical black abdominal bands probably refer to contrast with the basal pale bands in all other taxa related to
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<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA220A46FDC6FA94FDC05F51" authorityName="Wilkerson et al." authorityYear="2021" baseAuthorityName="Meigen" baseAuthorityYear="1830" box="[517,593,1339,1364]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Aedes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="vexans">
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<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA220A46FDC6FA94FDC05F51" box="[517,593,1339,1364]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">vexans</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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.
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<bibRefCitation id="FA234B2ABA220A46FD9CFA94FCB05F50" author="Edwards, F. W." box="[607,801,1339,1365]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" pagination="263 - 351" refId="ref153643" refString="Edwards, F. W. (1921 d) A revision of the mosquitos of the Palaearctic Region. Bulletin of Entomological Research, 12 (3), 263 - 351. https: // doi. org / 10.1017 / S 0007485300040207" type="journal article" year="1921">Edwards (1921d)</bibRefCitation>
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apparently listed it as a synonym, perhaps “in part”, in a treatment of
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<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA220A46FEEAFAF0FEE45F7D" authorityName="Wilkerson et al." authorityYear="2021" baseAuthorityName="Meigen" baseAuthorityYear="1830" box="[297,373,1375,1400]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Aedes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="vexans">
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<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA220A46FEEAFAF0FEE45F7D" box="[297,373,1375,1400]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">vexans</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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: “(?)
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<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA220A46FE7BFAF0FD5F5F7C" authority=", Patton" authorityName="Patton" box="[440,718,1375,1401]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Culex" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="arabiensis">
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<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA220A46FE7BFAF0FDE65F7C" box="[440,631,1375,1401]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Culex arabiensis</emphasis>
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, Patton
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</taxonomicName>
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(adult, not larva) [alternatively, this could mean he thought the larva was a different species].”
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<bibRefCitation id="FA234B2ABA220A46FE37FA2CFD365F98" author="Edwards, F. W." box="[500,679,1410,1437]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" pagination="257 - 270" refId="ref153858" refString="Edwards, F. W. (1925) Mosquito notes. - V. Bulletin of Entomological Research, 15 (3), 257 - 270. https: // doi. org / 10.1017 / S 0007485300046204" type="journal article" year="1925">Edwards (1925)</bibRefCitation>
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listed it with the “
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<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA220A46FCB0FA2CFC2E5F99" authorityName="Wilkerson et al." authorityYear="2021" baseAuthorityName="Meigen" baseAuthorityYear="1830" box="[883,959,1411,1436]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Aedes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="vexans">
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<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA220A46FCB0FA2CFC2E5F99" box="[883,959,1411,1436]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">vexans</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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series” as “
|
||
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA220A46FB81FA2CFB785F98" authority=", Mg." authorityName="Mg." box="[1090,1257,1411,1437]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Aedes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="vexans">
|
||
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA220A46FB81FA2CFBC25F98" box="[1090,1107,1411,1437]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">A</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA220A46FBA2FA2CFB3C5F99" box="[1121,1197,1411,1436]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">vexans</emphasis>
|
||
, Mg.
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(=?
|
||
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA220A46FAE2FA2CFF7D5FC4" authority=", Patton." authorityName="Patton." class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Culex" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="arabiensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA220A46FAE2FA2CFA075F98" box="[1313,1430,1411,1437]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">arabiensis</emphasis>
|
||
, Patton.
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
).” A year later,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="FA234B2ABA220A46FE5DFA08FDF05FC4" author="Edwards, F. W." box="[414,609,1447,1473]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" pagination="1 - 152" refId="ref153939" refString="Edwards, F. W. (1926 b) Una revisione delle zanzare delle regioni paleartiche. Rivista di Malariologia, 5 (3 - 6), 1 - 152." type="journal article" year="1926">Edwards (1926b)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
explicitly listed
|
||
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA220A46FCE2FA08FC075FC4" box="[801,918,1447,1473]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Culex" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="arabiensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA220A46FCE2FA08FC075FC4" box="[801,918,1447,1473]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">arabiensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
as a synonym of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA220A46FBA1FA08FB3F5FC5" box="[1122,1198,1447,1472]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Aedes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="vexans">
|
||
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA220A46FBA1FA08FB3F5FC5" box="[1122,1198,1447,1472]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">vexans</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, but then in 1941 he placed it as a species of the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA220A46FE0CFA64FD8A5FE1" box="[463,539,1483,1508]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Aedes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="vexans">
|
||
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA220A46FE0CFA64FD8A5FE1" box="[463,539,1483,1508]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">vexans</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
group.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="9E0D36DBBA220A46FF04FA40FBD55D00" blockId="17.[151,1437,978,2013]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="FA234B2ABA220A46FF04FA40FE115C0C" author="Edwards, F. W." box="[199,384,1519,1545]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" refId="ref154310" refString="Edwards, F. W. (1941) Mosquitoes of the Ethiopian Region III. - Culicine adults and pupae. Printed by order of the Trustees, British Museum (Natural History), London, viii + 499 pp." type="book" year="1941">Edwards (1941)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
stated that
|
||
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA220A46FDD1FA40FD165C0C" box="[530,647,1519,1545]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Culex" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="arabiensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA220A46FDD1FA40FD165C0C" box="[530,647,1519,1545]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">arabiensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
was “Distinguished from other Ethiopian species of the subgenus [
|
||
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA220A46FF62F9BCFEA75C28" box="[161,310,1555,1581]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Aedes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="164" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subGenus" subGenus="Aedimorphus">
|
||
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA220A46FF62F9BCFEA75C28" box="[161,310,1555,1581]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Aedimorphus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
] by the combination of the following features: basally-ringed tarsal segments, dark-scaled wings, broadly banded abdomen, and pale posterior surface of middle tibiae.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA220A46FC79F998FBDE5C54" box="[954,1103,1591,1617]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Culex" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="arabiensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA220A46FC79F998FC5A5C54" box="[954,971,1591,1617]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">A</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA220A46FC19F998FBDE5C54" box="[986,1103,1591,1617]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">arabiensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is very closely related to the Palearctic
|
||
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA220A46FECCF9F4FE245C70" authority="Mg." authorityName="Mg." box="[271,437,1627,1653]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Aedes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="vexans">
|
||
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA220A46FECCF9F4FEED5C71" box="[271,380,1627,1653]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">A. vexans</emphasis>
|
||
Mg.
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, from which it differs in having the male palpi rather shorter; abdominal bands in both sexes broader and not emarginate in the middle; middle tibia dark above (in all European and Central Asian females of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA220A46FF7BF90CFEB45CB9" box="[184,293,1699,1725]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Aedes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="vexans">
|
||
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA220A46FF7BF90CFEB45CB9" box="[184,293,1699,1725]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">A. vexans</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
examined the middle tibia is conspicuously pale above as well as posteriorly).” Further, abdominal “tergites [terga] 2–6 with broad creamy-white basal bands, 2–7 with lateral whitish patches extending most of their length, 6 and 7 with narrow pale apical bands; sternites almost entirely pale scaled.”
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="9E0D36DBBA220A46FF04F8A0FD7F5DBC" blockId="17.[151,1437,978,2013]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="FA234B2ABA220A46FF04F8A0FECF5D2C" author="Lewis, D. J." box="[199,350,1806,1833]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" pagination="1 - 24" refId="ref165539" refString="Lewis, D. J. (1945) Observations on the distribution and taxonomy of Culicidae (Diptera) in the Sudan. Transactions of the Royal Entomological Society of London, 95 (1), 1 - 24, 2 maps. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1365 - 2311.1945. tb 00259. x" type="book chapter" year="1945">Lewis (1945)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
added that the larva has seta A [7-C] with 7 or 8 branches, seta B [6-C] single and seta C [5-C] single or double. “Comb a patch or irregular row of 8–12 sharp-pointed spines with small basal denticles. Siphon with index about 2.5... pecten reaching slightly beyond middle… of the last 1–3 teeth [spines] usually 2 larger and widely spaced.... Gills [anal papillae] subequal, lanceolate, much longer than saddle.” The relatively long pointed anal papillae are a particularly obvious characteristic.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="9E0D36DBBA220A45FF04F86CFC435AFC" blockId="17.[151,1437,978,2013]" lastBlockId="18.[151,1437,150,1437]" lastPageId="18" lastPageNumber="19" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="FA234B2ABA220A46FF04F86CFEE95DD8" author="Hopkins, G. H. E." box="[199,376,1986,2013]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" refId="ref160249" refString="Hopkins, G. H. E. (1952) Mosquitoes of the Ethiopian Region I. - Larval bionomics of mosquitoes and taxonomy of culicine larvae. 2 nd Edition. British Museum (Natural History), London, viii + 355 pp." type="book" year="1952">Hopkins (1952)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
expanded the description of
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="FA234B2ABA220A46FD7DF86CFCC55DD8" author="Lewis, D. J." box="[702,852,1986,2013]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" pagination="1 - 24" refId="ref165539" refString="Lewis, D. J. (1945) Observations on the distribution and taxonomy of Culicidae (Diptera) in the Sudan. Transactions of the Royal Entomological Society of London, 95 (1), 1 - 24, 2 maps. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1365 - 2311.1945. tb 00259. x" type="book chapter" year="1945">Lewis (1945)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
and provided an illustration. “The only other
|
||
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA220A46FA9AF86CFA0D5DD8" box="[1369,1436,1987,2013]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Aedes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA220A46FA9AF86CFA0D5DD8" box="[1369,1436,1987,2013]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Aëdes</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
larvae with the comb composed of a small number of spines... head-setae B and C [6- and 5-C] single and the last 2–3 pecten spines wider-spaced are
|
||
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA210A45FDF4FF14FD335AD1" authorityName="Theobald" authorityYear="1903" box="[567,674,187,212]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Aedes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cumminsi">
|
||
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA210A45FDF4FF14FD335AD1" box="[567,674,187,212]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">cumminsi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA210A45FD70FF14FC935AD0" box="[691,770,187,213]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">fowleri</emphasis>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA210A45FCFDFF14FC565AD0" box="[830,967,187,213]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Grabhamia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="durbanensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA210A45FCFDFF14FC565AD0" box="[830,967,187,213]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">durbanensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. From the first two of these the larva of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA210A45FF54FF70FE9D5AFC" box="[151,268,223,249]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Culex" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="arabiensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA210A45FF54FF70FE9D5AFC" box="[151,268,223,249]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">arabiensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is easily separated... by the shape of the ‘gills’ [anal papillae].”
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="9E0D36DBBA210A45FF04FEACFD435B60" blockId="18.[151,1437,150,1437]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="FA234B2ABA210A45FF04FEACFD865B18" author="Carpenter, S. J. & LaCasse, W. J." box="[199,535,258,285]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" refId="ref147571" refString="Carpenter, S. J. & LaCasse, W. J. (1955) Mosquitoes of North America (north of Mexico). University of California Press, Berkeley, Los Angeles, London, vii + 360 pp., 127 pls." type="book" year="1955">Carpenter & LaCasse (1955)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, without comment, listed
|
||
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA210A45FC8AFEACFC285B19" authorityName="Theobald" authorityYear="1903" box="[841,953,259,284]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Culex" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nocturnus">
|
||
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA210A45FC8AFEACFC285B19" box="[841,953,259,284]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">nocturnus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA210A45FC08FEACFBD15B18" box="[971,1088,259,285]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Culex" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="arabiensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA210A45FC08FEACFBD15B18" box="[971,1088,259,285]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">arabiensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA210A45FBBDFEACFB4A5B19" baseAuthorityName="Theobald" baseAuthorityYear="1907" box="[1150,1243,259,284]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Aedes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nipponii">
|
||
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA210A45FBBDFEACFB4A5B19" box="[1150,1243,259,284]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">nipponii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
as synonyms of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA210A45FF54FE88FF725B45" box="[151,227,295,320]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Aedes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="vexans">
|
||
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA210A45FF54FE88FF725B45" box="[151,227,295,320]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">vexans</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Perhaps those authors were unaware of or disagreed with the recognition of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA210A45FBB3FE88FB715B45" authorityName="Theobald" authorityYear="1903" box="[1136,1248,295,320]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Culex" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nocturnus">
|
||
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA210A45FBB3FE88FB715B45" box="[1136,1248,295,320]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">nocturnus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA210A45FADEFE88FAEB5B45" baseAuthorityName="Theobald" baseAuthorityYear="1907" box="[1309,1402,295,320]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Aedes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nipponii">
|
||
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA210A45FADEFE88FAEB5B45" box="[1309,1402,295,320]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">nipponii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
as subspecies of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA210A45FEF7FEE4FE115B61" box="[308,384,331,356]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Aedes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="vexans">
|
||
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA210A45FEF7FEE4FE115B61" box="[308,384,331,356]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">vexans</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="FA234B2ABA210A45FE69FEE4FD5F5B60" author="Bohart, R. M. & Ingram, R. L." box="[426,718,331,357]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" refId="ref145782" refString="Bohart, R. M. & Ingram, R. L. (1946 b) Mosquitoes of Okinawa and islands in the central Pacific. Navmed 1055. Bureau of Medicine and Surgery, Navy Department, Washington, D. C., 110 pp." type="book" year="1946">Bohart & Ingram (1946b)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="9E0D36DBBA210A45FF04FEC0FD0258AC" blockId="18.[151,1437,150,1437]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
|
||
The story became less clear to us with
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="FA234B2ABA210A45FDA9FEC0FCA35B8C" author="Muspratt, J." box="[618,818,366,393]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" pagination="149 - 207" refId="ref171203" refString="Muspratt, J. (1955) Research on South African Culicini (Diptera, Culicidae). III. - A check-list of the species and their distribution, with notes on taxonomy, bionomics and identification. Journal of the Entomological Society of Southern Africa, 18 (2), 149 - 207." type="journal article" year="1955">Muspratt’s (1955)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
description of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA210A45FC16FEC0FBB05B8D" box="[981,1057,367,392]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Aedes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="vexans">
|
||
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA210A45FC16FEC0FBB05B8D" box="[981,1057,367,392]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">vexans</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from Transvaal,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="E6A5764BBA210A45FB18FEC0FAFB5B8C" box="[1243,1386,367,393]" name="South Africa" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">South Africa</collectingCountry>
|
||
, and its comparison with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA210A45FEB9FE3CFE575BA9" box="[378,454,403,428]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Aedes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="vexans">
|
||
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA210A45FEB9FE3CFE575BA9" box="[378,454,403,428]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">vexans</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="E6A5764BBA210A45FDC9FE3CFDF65BA8" box="[522,615,403,429]" name="United Kingdom" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">England</collectingCountry>
|
||
and the
|
||
<collectingCountry id="E6A5764BBA210A45FD05FE3CFD6D5BA8" box="[710,764,403,429]" name="United States of America" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">USA</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<collectingRegion id="5C76F839BA210A45FCC9FE3CFC445BA8" box="[778,981,403,429]" country="United States of America" name="Washington" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Washington State</collectingRegion>
|
||
). Muspratt pointed out some differences, such as “the tibiae of the former [
|
||
<collectingCountry id="E6A5764BBA210A45FDD2FE18FD375BD4" box="[529,678,439,465]" name="South Africa" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">South Africa</collectingCountry>
|
||
] are practically all dark except for the narrow basal pale bands and apical spots, whereas the tibiae of the latter [
|
||
<collectingCountry id="E6A5764BBA210A45FD54FE74FD6A5BF0" box="[663,763,475,501]" name="United Kingdom" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">England</collectingCountry>
|
||
;
|
||
<collectingCountry id="E6A5764BBA210A45FCC4FE74FCD35BF0" box="[775,834,475,501]" name="United States of America" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">USA</collectingCountry>
|
||
] are extensively pale posteriorly...” [as described for
|
||
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA210A45FF54FE50FE9D581C" box="[151,268,511,537]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Culex" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="arabiensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA210A45FF54FE50FE9D581C" box="[151,268,511,537]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">arabiensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="E6A5764BBA210A45FE90FE50FE39581C" box="[339,424,511,537]" name="Yemen" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Yemen</collectingCountry>
|
||
]. Also, “on the South African form the basal pale bands of the abdominal tergites [terga] are not narrowed in the middle, thus being as described for
|
||
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA210A45FCFAFD8CFC3F5838" box="[825,942,547,573]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Culex" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="arabiensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA210A45FCFAFD8CFC3F5838" box="[825,942,547,573]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">arabiensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
...”.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="FA234B2ABA210A45FC1EFD8CFBF45838" author="Jupp, P. G." box="[989,1125,547,573]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" refId="ref161745" refString="Jupp, P. G. (1996) Mosquitoes of southern Africa: Culicinae and Toxorhynchitinae. Ekogilde Publishers, Hartebeespoort, 156 pp." type="book" year="1996">Jupp (1996)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
illustrated and keyed, from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="E6A5764BBA210A45FF54FDE8FEB85864" box="[151,297,583,609]" name="South Africa" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">South Africa</collectingCountry>
|
||
, as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA210A45FE95FDE8FE335865" box="[342,418,583,608]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Aedes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="vexans">
|
||
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA210A45FE95FDE8FE335865" box="[342,418,583,608]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">vexans</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, a taxon with narrow basal emarginate abdominal tergal bands and with the sterna not all pale but with dark markings. This suggests two species in
|
||
<collectingCountry id="E6A5764BBA210A45FCDDFDC4FC3F5880" box="[798,942,619,645]" name="South Africa" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">South Africa</collectingCountry>
|
||
, and we think neither is
|
||
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA210A45FB7FFDC4FAA05880" box="[1212,1329,619,645]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Culex" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="arabiensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA210A45FB7FFDC4FAA05880" box="[1212,1329,619,645]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">arabiensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, which is distributed in northeastern Africa and Arabia.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="9E0D36DBBA210A45FF04FD1CFEAE5910" blockId="18.[151,1437,150,1437]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="FA234B2ABA210A45FF04FD1CFD9858C8" author="Mattingly, P. F. & Knight, K. L." box="[199,521,690,717]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" pagination="91 - 141" refId="ref169149" refString="Mattingly, P. F. & Knight, K. L. (1956) The mosquitoes of Arabia I. Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History) Entomology, 4 (3), 91 - 141." type="journal article" year="1956">Mattingly & Knight (1956)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
treated
|
||
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA210A45FDAEFD1CFD7358C8" box="[621,738,691,717]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Culex" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="arabiensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA210A45FDAEFD1CFD7358C8" box="[621,738,691,717]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">arabiensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from Arabia as a species but wrote: “This is very closely related to the holarctic [
|
||
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA210A45FE68FD78FE5B58F5" box="[427,458,727,752]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">sic</emphasis>
|
||
],
|
||
<collectingRegion id="5C76F839BA210A45FE20FD78FDAE58F4" box="[483,575,727,753]" country="Saudi Arabia" name="Ash Sharqiyah" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Oriental</collectingRegion>
|
||
and Australasia
|
||
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA210A45FD3CFD78FC8C58F4" box="[767,797,727,753]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Aë</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA210A45FCEFFD78FC4858F4" authority="Meigen" authorityName="Meigen" box="[812,985,727,753]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Aedes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="vexans">
|
||
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA210A45FCEFFD78FCE958F5" box="[812,888,727,752]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">vexans</emphasis>
|
||
Meigen
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, of which it is possibly no more than a subspecies…”.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="9E0D36DBBA210A45FF04FCB0FE055E78" blockId="18.[151,1437,150,1437]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="FA234B2ABA210A45FF04FCB0FE38593C" author="Hamon, J. & Maffi, M. & Grenier, P. & Ouedraogo, C. S. & Djime, D." box="[199,425,799,825]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" pagination="371 - 383" refId="ref158377" refString="Hamon, J., Maffi, M., Grenier, P., Ouedraogo, C. S. & Djime, D. (1966) Notes sur les moustiques de la Republique islamique de Mauritanie [Dipt. Culicidae] (IIe partie). Annales de la Societe Entomologique de France, 2 (2), 371 - 383." type="journal article" year="1966">
|
||
Hamon
|
||
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA210A45FEE3FCB0FEC0593C" box="[288,337,799,825]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. (1966)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
considered all observed differences as only variation. Regarding this,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="FA234B2ABA210A45FB7BFCB0FADF593C" author="White, G. B." box="[1208,1358,798,825]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" pagination="303 - 344" refId="ref184541" refString="White, G. B. (1975) Notes on a catalogue of Culicidae of the Ethiopian Region. Mosquito Systematics, 7 (4), 303 - 344." type="journal article" year="1975">White (1975)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
wrote: “Having not seen the
|
||
<typeStatus id="41098879BA210A45FE4CFCECFE5B5958" box="[399,458,835,861]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">types</typeStatus>
|
||
of either
|
||
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA210A45FDF9FCECFD3E5958" box="[570,687,835,861]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Culex" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="arabiensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA210A45FDF9FCECFD3E5958" box="[570,687,835,861]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">arabiensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
or
|
||
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA210A45FD14FCECFCC35958" authorityName="Theobald" authorityYear="1911" box="[727,850,835,861]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Culex" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sudanensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA210A45FD14FCECFCC35958" box="[727,850,835,861]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">sudanensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
[a synonym of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA210A45FBC4FCECFBED5958" box="[1031,1148,835,861]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Culex" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="arabiensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA210A45FBC4FCECFBED5958" box="[1031,1148,835,861]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">arabiensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
], the former having been lost, Hamon et al [
|
||
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA210A45FEADFCC8FE1C5985" box="[366,397,871,896]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">sic</emphasis>
|
||
] (1966:373) formally synonymised both with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA210A45FC5CFCC8FC7A5985" box="[927,1003,871,896]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Aedes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" sensu="stricto" species="vexans">
|
||
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA210A45FC5CFCC8FC7A5985" box="[927,1003,871,896]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">vexans</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="B7F557B2BA210A45FC37FCC8FBA35984" box="[1012,1074,871,897]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" sensu="stricto">s. str.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
” As noted above,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="FA234B2ABA210A45FAC7FCC8FA0D5984" author="White, G. B." box="[1284,1436,870,897]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" pagination="303 - 344" refId="ref184541" refString="White, G. B. (1975) Notes on a catalogue of Culicidae of the Ethiopian Region. Mosquito Systematics, 7 (4), 303 - 344." type="journal article" year="1975">White (1975)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
removed
|
||
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA210A45FEC2FC24FEE759A0" box="[257,374,907,933]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Culex" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="arabiensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA210A45FEC2FC24FEE759A0" box="[257,374,907,933]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">arabiensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from synonymy with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA210A45FDB1FC24FD2F59A1" box="[626,702,907,932]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Aedes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="vexans">
|
||
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA210A45FDB1FC24FD2F59A1" box="[626,702,907,932]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">vexans</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and elevated it to subspecific rank, and affirmed that
|
||
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA210A45FAE2FC24FEC459CC" authority="Theobald, 1911 b" authorityName="Theobald" authorityYear="1911" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Culex" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sudanensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA210A45FAE2FC24FA0D59A0" box="[1313,1436,907,933]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">sudanensis</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="FA234B2ABA210A45FF54FC00FEC459CC" author="Theobald, F. V." box="[151,341,943,969]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" pagination="151 - 156" refId="ref182273" refString="Theobald, F. V. (1911 b) A new genus and two new species of Culicidae from the Sudan. In: Balfour, A. (Dir.), Fourth Report of the Wellcome Tropical Research Laboratories at the Gordon Memorial College, Khartoum. Vol. B. - General Science. Bailliere, Tindall & Cox, London, pp. 151 - 156." type="book chapter" year="1911">Theobald, 1911b</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
was a junior synonym of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA210A45FD41FC00FD6659CC" box="[642,759,943,969]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Culex" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="arabiensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA210A45FD41FC00FD6659CC" box="[642,759,943,969]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">arabiensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. He also listed the known distribution of
|
||
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA210A45FB10FC00FA0C59CC" box="[1235,1437,943,969]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA210A45FB10FC00FA8E59CD" box="[1235,1311,943,968]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Aedes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="vexans">vexans</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA210A45FAEBFC00FA0C59CC" box="[1320,1437,943,969]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Culex" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="arabiensis">arabiensis</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
as Aden,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="E6A5764BBA210A45FEC0FC7CFECE59E8" box="[259,351,979,1005]" name="Gambia" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Gambia</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="E6A5764BBA210A45FEAFFC7CFE7B59E8" box="[364,490,979,1005]" name="Mauritania" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Mauritania</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="E6A5764BBA210A45FE35FC7CFDDC59E8" box="[502,589,979,1005]" name="Nigeria" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Nigeria</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="E6A5764BBA210A45FD98FC7CFD6059E8" box="[603,753,979,1005]" name="Saudi Arabia" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Saudi Arabia</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="E6A5764BBA210A45FD3DFC7CFCCC59E8" box="[766,861,979,1005]" name="Somalia" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Somalia</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="E6A5764BBA210A45FCA9FC7CFC6A59E8" box="[874,1019,979,1005]" name="South Africa" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">South Africa</collectingCountry>
|
||
(Transvaal) [we think doubtful] and
|
||
<collectingCountry id="E6A5764BBA210A45FF54FC58FF705E14" box="[151,225,1015,1041]" name="Sudan" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Sudan</collectingCountry>
|
||
. Since that time,
|
||
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA210A45FE6BFC58FDE35E14" box="[424,626,1015,1041]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA210A45FE6BFC58FE655E15" box="[424,500,1015,1040]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Aedes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="vexans">vexans</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA210A45FE3EFC58FDE35E14" box="[509,626,1015,1041]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Culex" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="arabiensis">arabiensis</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
has been identified in a number of studies, and has been implicated as a possible vector of the Rift Valley Fever virus in northeastern Africa and Arabia (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="FA234B2ABA210A45FB89FBB4FA8A5E30" author="Miller, B. R. & Godsey, M. S. & Crabtree, M. B. & Savage, H. M. & Al-Mazrao, Y. & Al-Jeffri, M. H. & Abdoon, A. - M. M. & Al-Seghayer, S. & Al-Shahrani, A. M. & Ksiazek, T. G." box="[1098,1307,1051,1077]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" pagination="1492 - 1494" refId="ref170149" refString="Miller, B. R., Godsey, M. S., Crabtree, M. B., Savage, H. M., Al-Mazrao, Y., Al-Jeffri, M. H., Abdoon, A. - M. M., Al-Seghayer, S., M., Al-Shahrani, A. M. & Ksiazek, T. G. (2002) Isolation and genetic characterization of Rift Valley fever virus from Aedes vexans arabiensis, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. Emerging Infectious Diseases, 8 (12), 1492 - 1494. https: // doi. org / 10.3201 / eid 0812.020194" type="journal article" year="2002">
|
||
Miller
|
||
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA210A45FB58FBB4FB5E5E30" box="[1179,1231,1051,1077]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 2002
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="FA234B2ABA210A45FAEBFBB4FF665E5C" author="Mondet, B. & Diaite, A. & Fall, A. G. & Chevalier, V." pageId="18" pageNumber="19" pagination="125 - 129" refId="ref170780" refString="Mondet, B., Diaite, A., Fall, A. G. & Chevalier, V. (2005) Relations entre la pluviometrie et le risque de transmission virale par les moustiques: cas du virus de la Rift Valley Fever (RVF) dans le Ferlo (Senegal). Environnement, Risques & Sante, 4 (2), 125 - 129." type="journal article" year="2005">
|
||
Mondet
|
||
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA210A45FA4BFBB4FF3C5E5C" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 2005
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="FA234B2ABA210A45FEC0FB90FE205E5C" author="Fall, A. G. & Diaite, A. & Etter, E. & Bouyer, J. & Ndiaye, T. D. & Konate, T. D." box="[259,433,1087,1113]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" pagination="106 - 111" refId="ref155373" refString="Fall, A. G., Diaite, A., Etter, E., Bouyer, J., Ndiaye, T. D. & Konate, T. D. (2011) The mosquito Aedes (Aedimorphus) vexans arabiensis as a probable vector briging the West Nile virus between birds and horses in Barkedji (Ferlo, Senegal). Medical and Veterinary Entomology, 26 (1), 106 - 111. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1365 - 2915.2011.00974. x" type="journal article" year="2011">
|
||
Fall
|
||
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA210A45FEF4FB90FEF85E5C" box="[311,361,1087,1113]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 2011
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="FA234B2ABA210A45FE7DFB90FDFA5E5C" author="Clements, A. N." box="[446,619,1087,1113]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" refId="ref148377" refString="Clements, A. N. (2012) The biology of mosquitoes. Vol. 3. Transmission of viruses and interactions with bacteria. CABI, Wallingford, xvii + 571 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.1079 / 9781845932428.0000" type="book" year="2012">Clements 2012</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="FA234B2ABA210A45FDB4FB90FCDB5E5C" author="Krtinic, B. & Francuski, L. & Petric, E. & Milankov, V." box="[631,842,1087,1113]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" pagination="154 - 162" refId="ref163228" refString="Krtinic, B., Francuski, L., Petric, E. & Milankov, V. (2013) Genetic diversity and differentiation between Palearctic and Nearctic populations of Aedimorphus (= Aedes) vexans (Meigen, 1830) (Diptera, Culicidae). Journal of Vector Ecology, 38 (1), 154 - 162. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1948 - 7134.2013.12021. x" type="journal article" year="2013">
|
||
Krtinić
|
||
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA210A45FD0DFB90FC965E5C" box="[718,775,1087,1113]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2013
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="FA234B2ABA210A45FC95FB90FBD85E5C" author="Francuski, L. & Milankov, V. & Ludoski, J. & Krtinic, B. & Lundstrom, J. O. & Kemenesi, G. & Ferenc, J." box="[854,1097,1087,1113]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" pagination="160 - 171" refId="ref155879" refString="Francuski, L., Milankov, V., Ludoski, J., Krtinic, B., Lundstrom, J. O., Kemenesi, G. & Ferenc, J. (2016) Genetic and phenotypic variation in central and northern European populations of Aedes (Aedimorphus) vexans (Meigen, 1830) (Diptera, Culicidae). Journal of Vector Ecology, 41 (1), 160 - 171. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / jvec. 12208" type="journal article" year="2016">
|
||
Francuski
|
||
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA210A45FC0EFB90FC6E5E5C" box="[973,1023,1087,1113]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 2016
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="FA234B2ABA210A45FB96FB90FADB5E5C" author="Mohamed, A. H. & Ali, A. M. & Harbach, R. E. & Reeves, R. G. & Ibrahim, K. M. & AhmedMohmed, M. A. & Azrag, R. S." box="[1109,1354,1087,1113]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" pagination="513 - 529" refId="ref170622" refString="Mohamed, A. H., Ali, A. M., Harbach, R. E., Reeves, R. G., Ibrahim, K. M., AhmedMohmed, M. A. & Azrag, R. S. (2017) Aedes mosquitoes in the Republic of the Sudan, with dichotomous keys for the adult and larval stages. Journal of Natural History, 51 (9 - 10), 513 - 529. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 00222933.2017.1285069" type="journal article" year="2017">
|
||
Mohamed
|
||
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA210A45FB0DFB90FA915E5C" box="[1230,1280,1087,1113]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 2017
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="FA234B2ABA210A45FA96FB90FE185E78" author="Azari-Hamidian, S. & Norouzi, B. & Harbach, R. E." pageId="18" pageNumber="19" pagination="106 - 122" refId="ref143515" refString="Azari-Hamidian, S., Norouzi, B. & Harbach, R. E. (2019) A detailed review of the mosquitoes (Diptera: Culicidae) of Iran and their medical and veterinary importance. Acta Tropica, 194, 106 - 122. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / j. actatropica. 2019.03.019" type="journal article" year="2019">
|
||
Azari-Hamidian
|
||
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA210A45FECEFBCCFEAF5E78" box="[269,318,1123,1149]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 2019
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="9E0D36DBBA210A45FF04FB28FDB05F34" blockId="18.[151,1437,150,1437]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="FA234B2ABA210A45FF04FB28FE5F5EA4" author="Mohamed, A. H. & Ali, A. M. & Harbach, R. E. & Reeves, R. G. & Ibrahim, K. M. & AhmedMohmed, M. A. & Azrag, R. S." box="[199,462,1159,1185]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" pagination="513 - 529" refId="ref170622" refString="Mohamed, A. H., Ali, A. M., Harbach, R. E., Reeves, R. G., Ibrahim, K. M., AhmedMohmed, M. A. & Azrag, R. S. (2017) Aedes mosquitoes in the Republic of the Sudan, with dichotomous keys for the adult and larval stages. Journal of Natural History, 51 (9 - 10), 513 - 529. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 00222933.2017.1285069" type="journal article" year="2017">
|
||
Mohamed
|
||
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA210A45FE83FB28FEE35EA4" box="[320,370,1159,1185]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. (2017)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, using the keys in
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="FA234B2ABA210A45FD63FB28FCC55EA4" author="Edwards, F. W." box="[672,852,1159,1185]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" refId="ref154310" refString="Edwards, F. W. (1941) Mosquitoes of the Ethiopian Region III. - Culicine adults and pupae. Printed by order of the Trustees, British Museum (Natural History), London, viii + 499 pp." type="book" year="1941">Edwards (1941)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
and
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="FA234B2ABA210A45FC4FFB28FBAE5EA4" author="Hopkins, G. H. E." box="[908,1087,1158,1185]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" refId="ref160249" refString="Hopkins, G. H. E. (1952) Mosquitoes of the Ethiopian Region I. - Larval bionomics of mosquitoes and taxonomy of culicine larvae. 2 nd Edition. British Museum (Natural History), London, viii + 355 pp." type="book" year="1952">Hopkins (1952)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, found
|
||
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA210A45FB57FB28FACC5EA4" box="[1172,1373,1159,1185]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA210A45FB57FB28FB715EA5" box="[1172,1248,1159,1184]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Aedes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="vexans">vexans</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA210A45FB2BFB28FACC5EA4" box="[1256,1373,1159,1185]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Culex" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="arabiensis">arabiensis</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
to be very common in collections made in the Republic of
|
||
<collectingCountry id="E6A5764BBA210A45FD36FB04FCAE5EC0" box="[757,831,1195,1221]" name="Sudan" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Sudan</collectingCountry>
|
||
. Of special note was the presence of two larval
|
||
<typeStatus id="41098879BA210A45FAA2FB04FA0D5EC0" box="[1377,1436,1195,1221]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">types</typeStatus>
|
||
(“X” and “Z”), both of which keyed to
|
||
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA210A45FD86FB60FC9D5EEC" box="[581,780,1231,1257]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA210A45FD86FB60FD005EED" box="[581,657,1231,1256]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Aedes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="vexans">vexans</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA210A45FD54FB60FC9D5EEC" box="[663,780,1231,1257]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Culex" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="arabiensis">arabiensis</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
in
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="FA234B2ABA210A45FCEEFB60FC4E5EEC" author="Hopkins, G. H. E." box="[813,991,1230,1257]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" refId="ref160249" refString="Hopkins, G. H. E. (1952) Mosquitoes of the Ethiopian Region I. - Larval bionomics of mosquitoes and taxonomy of culicine larvae. 2 nd Edition. British Museum (Natural History), London, viii + 355 pp." type="book" year="1952">Hopkins (1952)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
. Since no larvae were reared to the adult stage, it is not known which might be true
|
||
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA210A45FDAEFB5CFD735F08" box="[621,738,1267,1293]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Culex" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="arabiensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA210A45FDAEFB5CFD735F08" box="[621,738,1267,1293]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">arabiensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Nor is it known if the adult females collected during the study belonged to more than one species.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="9E0D36DBBA210A45FF04FA94FAEF5F98" blockId="18.[151,1437,150,1437]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
|
||
Given the distinctive morphological characters of the adult female and larval stage of subspecies
|
||
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA210A45FAE2FA94FA075F50" box="[1313,1430,1339,1365]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Culex" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="arabiensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA210A45FAE2FA94FA075F50" box="[1313,1430,1339,1365]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">arabiensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, we think it should be formally afforded species status:
|
||
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA210A45FD3BFAF1FA8D5F7D" authority="(Patton, 1905)" baseAuthorityName="Patton" baseAuthorityYear="1905" box="[760,1308,1374,1401]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Aedes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="arabiensis" subGenus="Aedimorphus">
|
||
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA210A45FD3BFAF1FA8D5F7D" bold="true" box="[760,1308,1374,1401]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
|
||
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA210A45FD3BFAF1FCAD5F7C" bold="true" box="[760,828,1374,1401]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Aedes</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA210A45FC8FFAF1FC795F7C" bold="true" box="[844,1000,1374,1401]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Aedimorphus</emphasis>
|
||
)
|
||
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA210A45FC34FAF1FBFC5F7C" bold="true" box="[1015,1133,1374,1401]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">arabiensis</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="FA234B2ABA210A45FBBFFAF1FA825F7D" author="Patton, W. S." box="[1148,1299,1374,1400]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" pagination="623 - 637" refId="ref172752" refString="Patton, W. S. (1905) The culicid fauna of the Aden Hinterland, their haunts and habits. Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society, 16 (4), 623 - 637, 5 pls." type="journal article" year="1905">Patton, 1905</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Synonym:
|
||
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA210A45FF54FA2CFDB05F98" authority="Theobald, 1911 b" authorityName="Theobald" authorityYear="1911" box="[151,545,1411,1437]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Culex" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sudanensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA210A45FF54FA2CFECB5F98" box="[151,346,1411,1437]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Culex sudanensis</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="FA234B2ABA210A45FEA2FA2CFDB05F98" author="Theobald, F. V." box="[353,545,1411,1437]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" pagination="151 - 156" refId="ref182273" refString="Theobald, F. V. (1911 b) A new genus and two new species of Culicidae from the Sudan. In: Balfour, A. (Dir.), Fourth Report of the Wellcome Tropical Research Laboratories at the Gordon Memorial College, Khartoum. Vol. B. - General Science. Bailliere, Tindall & Cox, London, pp. 151 - 156." type="book chapter" year="1911">Theobald, 1911b</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA210A45FDEFFA2CFD7B5F98" baseAuthorityName="Patton" baseAuthorityYear="1905" box="[556,746,1411,1437]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Aedes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="arabiensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA210A45FDEFFA2CFD7B5F98" box="[556,746,1411,1437]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Aedes arabiensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is currently listed as a species in the Encyclopedia of Life.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |