563 lines
66 KiB
XML
563 lines
66 KiB
XML
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<mods:title id="2ECB31A980F76F118622F8D432A8D444">The insupportable validity of mosquito subspecies (Diptera: Culicidae) and their exclusion from culicid classification</mods:title>
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<mods:name id="18CE5F39B18C4C0827F37767854E8094" type="personal">
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<mods:namePart id="C7B0B5F6B2E93D36D8C73F045CB50246">Harbach, Ralph E.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="E3529E6DA9736DF0639D9CDD330EE921" type="email">r.harbach@nhm.ac.uk</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:namePart id="7BB3C62D1EE7487472E4BC4ACA9A441C">Wilkerson, Richard C.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="0A1678D32EBFC51309580BAC7E376E32" type="email">wilkersonr@si.edu</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:title id="0F0783C1736B21E9297177E9E307A781">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="DB57BCF40CD21013A020570FDAAC0E3C">
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<mods:date id="48D8976C5081757B32858AE1A56D1A6B">2023</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="C431096A9BA02D51FBAAD95468C10F68">2023-06-15</mods:number>
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<treatment id="161B87CDBA200A41FF54FA09FCD85B18" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8061408" ID-GBIF-Taxon="209700447" ID-Zenodo-Dep="8061408" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:161B87CDBA200A41FF54FA09FCD85B18" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/161B87CDBA200A41FF54FA09FCD85B18" lastPageId="22" lastPageNumber="22" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">
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<subSubSection id="D6A86550BA200A44FF54FA09FDFC5FC5" box="[151,621,1446,1473]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="9E0D36DBBA200A44FF54FA09FDFC5FC5" blockId="19.[151,621,1446,1473]" box="[151,621,1446,1473]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">
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<heading id="C54581B7BA200A44FF54FA09FDFC5FC5" bold="true" box="[151,621,1446,1473]" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" reason="4">
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<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA200A44FF54FA09FDFC5FC5" ID-CoL="89VDC" authority="Gil Collado" authorityName="Gil Collado" box="[151,621,1446,1473]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Aedes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="boneti" subGenus="Bifidistylus">
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<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA200A44FF54FA09FDFC5FC5" bold="true" box="[151,621,1446,1473]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">
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<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA200A44FF54FA09FF4E5FC4" bold="true" box="[151,223,1446,1473]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Aedes</emphasis>
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(
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<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA200A44FF33FA09FEE85FC4" bold="true" box="[240,377,1446,1473]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Bifidistylus</emphasis>
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)
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<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA200A44FE49FA09FE445FC4" bold="true" box="[394,469,1446,1473]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">boneti</emphasis>
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Gil Collado
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</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="D6A86550BA200A44FF54FA44FE405C5A" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="9E0D36DBBA200A44FF54FA44FB925C27" blockId="19.[151,1436,1515,1631]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">
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subspecies
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<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA200A44FEC8FA44FD985C06" ID-CoL="89VDC" authority="Gil Collado, 1936" authorityName="Gil Collado" authorityYear="1936" box="[267,521,1515,1539]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Aedes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="boneti">
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<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA200A44FEC8FA44FEDD5C06" bold="true" box="[267,332,1515,1539]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">boneti</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="FA234B2ABA200A44FE90FA44FD985C06" author="Gil Collado, J." box="[339,521,1515,1539]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" pagination="311 - 329" refId="ref156440" refString="Gil Collado, J. (1936) Culicidos de la Isla de Fernando Poo recogidos por la expedicion J. Gil-F. Bonet. EOS - Revista Espanola de Entomologia, 11 (4), 311 - 329." type="journal article" year="1936">Gil Collado, 1936</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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—original combination:
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<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA200A44FCC4FA44FBB95C06" ID-CoL="89VDC" authority="Gil Collado" authorityName="Gil Collado" box="[775,1064,1515,1539]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Aedes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="boneti" subGenus="Aedimorphus">
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<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA200A44FCC4FA44FCD25C06" box="[775,835,1515,1539]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Aedes</emphasis>
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(
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<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA200A44FC90FA44FC4B5C06" box="[851,986,1515,1539]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Aedimorphus</emphasis>
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)
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<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA200A44FC2AFA44FBB95C06" box="[1001,1064,1515,1539]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">boneti</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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. Distribution: Known only from the
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<typeStatus id="41098879BA200A44FF04F9A5FF625C27" box="[199,243,1546,1570]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">type</typeStatus>
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locality,
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<collectingCountry id="E6A5764BBA200A44FE93F9A5FEE45C27" box="[336,373,1546,1570]" name="Iceland" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Isla</collectingCountry>
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de Bioko (
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<collectingCountry id="E6A5764BBA200A44FE27F9A5FDFB5C27" box="[484,618,1546,1570]" name="Equatorial Guinea" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Fernando Po</collectingCountry>
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),
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<collectingCountry id="E6A5764BBA200A44FDBFF9A5FCA45C27" box="[636,821,1546,1570]" name="Equatorial Guinea" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Equatorial Guinea</collectingCountry>
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(
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<bibRefCitation id="FA234B2ABA200A44FC81F9A5FC695C27" author="Gil Collado, J." box="[834,1016,1546,1570]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" pagination="311 - 329" refId="ref156440" refString="Gil Collado, J. (1936) Culicidos de la Isla de Fernando Poo recogidos por la expedicion J. Gil-F. Bonet. EOS - Revista Espanola de Entomologia, 11 (4), 311 - 329." type="journal article" year="1936">Gil Collado 1936</bibRefCitation>
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).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="9E0D36DBBA200A44FF54F987FE405C5A" blockId="19.[151,1436,1515,1631]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">
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subspecies
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<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA200A44FEC9F987FE7B5C45" authority="Chwatt, 1948" authorityName="Chwatt" authorityYear="1948" box="[266,490,1576,1600]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Aedes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="kumbae">
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<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA200A44FEC9F987FECC5C45" bold="true" box="[266,349,1576,1600]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">kumbae</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="FA234B2ABA200A44FEA0F987FE7B5C45" author="Chwatt, L. J." box="[355,490,1576,1600]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" pagination="184 - 189" refId="ref148183" refString="Chwatt, L. J. (1948) A new Aedes from the Cameroons, A. (Aedimorphus) boneti s. sp. kumbae s. sp. nov. Annals of Tropical Medicine and Parasitology, 42 (2), 184 - 189. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 00034983.1948.11685361" type="journal article" year="1948">Chwatt, 1948</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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—original combination:
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<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA200A44FD24F987FB965C45" ID-CoL="89VDC" authority="Gil Collado" authorityName="Gil Collado" box="[743,1031,1576,1601]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Aedes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="boneti" subGenus="Aedimorphus">
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<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA200A44FD24F987FCB25C45" box="[743,803,1576,1600]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Aedes</emphasis>
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(
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<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA200A44FCF1F987FC285C45" box="[818,953,1576,1600]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Aedimorphus</emphasis>
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)
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<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA200A44FC0BF987FB965C45" box="[968,1031,1576,1600]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">boneti</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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s.sp.
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<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA200A44FB81F987FB005C45" authorityName="Chwatt" authorityYear="1948" box="[1090,1169,1576,1600]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Aedes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="kumbae">
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<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA200A44FB81F987FB005C45" box="[1090,1169,1576,1600]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">kumbae</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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. Distribution:
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<collectingCountry id="E6A5764BBA200A44FAE6F987FA0D5C45" box="[1317,1436,1576,1600]" name="Cameroon" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Republic of</collectingCountry>
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Cameroon (
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<bibRefCitation id="FA234B2ABA200A44FEFDF9E8FE575C5A" author="Chwatt, L. J." box="[318,454,1607,1631]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" pagination="184 - 189" refId="ref148183" refString="Chwatt, L. J. (1948) A new Aedes from the Cameroons, A. (Aedimorphus) boneti s. sp. kumbae s. sp. nov. Annals of Tropical Medicine and Parasitology, 42 (2), 184 - 189. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 00034983.1948.11685361" type="journal article" year="1948">Chwatt 1948</bibRefCitation>
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).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="D6A86550BA200A41FF54F922FCD85B18" lastPageId="22" lastPageNumber="23" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" type="discussion">
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<paragraph id="9E0D36DBBA200A43FF54F922FCE258C8" blockId="19.[151,1437,1677,2028]" lastBlockId="20.[151,1437,151,1617]" lastPageId="20" lastPageNumber="21" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">
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The nominotypical subspecies was described from a single male from Rebola, Bioko Island,
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<collectingCountry id="E6A5764BBA200A44FB05F922FA085CA2" box="[1222,1433,1677,1703]" name="Equatorial Guinea" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Equatorial Guinea</collectingCountry>
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. The island has an area of
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<quantity id="594A9B3EBA200A44FE0FF91EFDAB5CCE" box="[460,570,1713,1739]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.017" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" unit="km" value="2.017">2,017 km</quantity>
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<superScript id="69C79B93BA200A44FDF9F91EFDD35CBA" attach="left" box="[570,578,1713,1727]" fontSize="6" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">2</superScript>
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and is
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<quantity id="594A9B3EBA200A44FD5DF91EFD785CCE" box="[670,745,1713,1739]" metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.2" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" unit="km" value="32.0">32 km</quantity>
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from the coast of
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<collectingCountry id="E6A5764BBA200A44FC0AF91EFBAF5CCE" box="[969,1086,1713,1739]" name="Cameroon" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Cameroon</collectingCountry>
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(https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ Bioko; accessed
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<date id="EA0C101BBA200A44FE95F979FE7D5CEA" box="[342,492,1749,1776]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" value="2022-04-07">7 April 2022</date>
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). Gil Collado credited F. W. Edwards for identifying the species as new, stating: “I must tender my thanks to J. W. Edwards [
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<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA200A44FDB5F955FD045D16" box="[630,661,1786,1811]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">sic</emphasis>
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], who... examined the material... verifying my findings and alerting me to a new species of
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<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA200A44FE67F8B2FDA85D32" box="[420,569,1821,1847]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Aedes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="164" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subGenus" subGenus="Aedimorphus">
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<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA200A44FE67F8B2FDA85D32" box="[420,569,1821,1847]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Aedimorphus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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, represented by a specimen it had been impossible for me to identify due to its somewhat deficient state of preservation [translated from the Spanish].” The male
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<typeStatus id="41098879BA200A44FBA6F8EEFB565D5E" box="[1125,1223,1857,1883]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
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is in the Museum,
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<collectingRegion id="5C76F839BA200A44FF54F8CAFF785D7A" box="[151,233,1893,1919]" country="Spain" name="Madrid" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Madrid</collectingRegion>
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University School of Agriculture,
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<collectingRegion id="5C76F839BA200A44FDB6F8CAFD5B5D7A" box="[629,714,1893,1919]" country="Spain" name="Madrid" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Madrid</collectingRegion>
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,
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<collectingCountry id="E6A5764BBA200A44FD14F8CAFC8B5D7A" box="[727,794,1893,1919]" name="Spain" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Spain</collectingCountry>
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. We used a published translation of the description from the Spanish along with the original article for this treatment. The description is detailed and accompanied by a drawing of a dorsal view of the head and appendages (antenna, maxillary palpus, proboscis) and a hindleg. The forelegs are not described, leaving the impression that they are missing. Damage to the specimen noted by the author included: “The scutellum has very wide whitish scales in its middle lobe, those from the sides [lateral lobes] having been removed... Anterior pronotum [antepronotum] has two groups of 5 to 6 bristles [setae]; the posterior [postpronotum], some 4, though in our specimen, they are somewhat destroyed…. Supra-alar scales are dark and numerous; those from the dorso-central area of our specimen have been torn off….” Our assumption is that characteristics of the cuticle (setae, scales, pollinosity, etc.) might be modified enough to render an accurate description problematical. Re-examination of the
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<typeStatus id="41098879BA270A43FD0DFEE4FCA15B60" box="[718,816,331,357]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
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is needed to be certain. Gil Collado also noted: “This species presents traits which closest approximate
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<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA270A43FD76FEC0FC8D5B8C" box="[693,796,367,393]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">lamborni</emphasis>
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Edw. [the only other species now included in the subgenus
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<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA270A43FF54FE3CFE845BA8" box="[151,277,403,429]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Aedes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subGenus" subGenus="Bifidistylus">
|
||
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA270A43FF54FE3CFE845BA8" box="[151,277,403,429]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Bifidistylus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
], in whose group they must be included because of their tarsal rings; however, in spite of the fact that the specimen’s [as in translation] hypopygium [genitalia] was destroyed in preparation, the coxa [gonocoxite] does not seem as pronounced as in that species...”. Gil Collado then compared
|
||
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA270A43FC08FE74FB805BF0" box="[971,1041,475,501]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Aedes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="boneti">
|
||
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA270A43FC08FE74FB805BF0" box="[971,1041,475,501]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">boneti</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
with
|
||
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA270A43FB92FE74FB295BF0" box="[1105,1208,475,501]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">lamborni</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="FA234B2ABA270A43FB7DFE74FAE45BF0" author="Edwards, F. W." box="[1214,1397,475,501]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" pagination="397 - 399" refId="ref153728" refString="Edwards, F. W. (1923 a) Four new African mosquitos. Bulletin of Entomological Research, 13 (4), 397 - 399. [for 1922] https: // doi. org / 10.1017 / S 0007485300045466" type="journal article" year="1923">Edwards, 1923a</bibRefCitation>
|
||
. To our knowledge the
|
||
<typeStatus id="41098879BA270A43FEAEFE50FE5E581C" box="[365,463,511,537]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA270A43FE37FE50FDAB581C" box="[500,570,511,537]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Aedes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="boneti">
|
||
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA270A43FE37FE50FDAB581C" box="[500,570,511,537]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">boneti</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is the only known specimen of this species. However, given the intense study of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA270A43FF75FD8CFEBA5838" authorityName="Meigen" authorityYear="1818" box="[182,299,547,573]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Anopheles" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA270A43FF75FD8CFEBA5838" box="[182,299,547,573]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Anopheles</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and malaria control on Bioko (
|
||
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA270A43FD4DFD8CFD3E5839" box="[654,687,547,572]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">e.g</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="FA234B2ABA270A43FD7DFD8CFCEE5838" author="Cook, J. & Hergott, D. & Phiri, W. & Rivas, M. R. & Bradley, J. & Segura, L. & Garcia, G. & Schwabe, C. & Kleinschmidt, I." box="[702,895,547,573]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" refId="ref148746" refString="Cook, J., Hergott, D., Phiri, W., Rivas, M. R., Bradley, J., Segura, L., Garcia, G., Schwabe, C. & Kleinschmidt, I. (2018) Trends in parasite prevalence following 13 years of malaria interventions on Bioko island, Equatorial Guinea: 2004 - 2016. Malaria Journal, 17, 62. https: // doi. org / 10.1186 / s 12936 - 018 - 2213 - 9" type="book" year="2018">
|
||
Cook
|
||
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA270A43FCC0FD8CFCA55838" box="[771,820,547,573]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 2018
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), it is not surprising that species of other genera might have been overlooked, with the exception of the relatively recent invasive
|
||
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA270A43FBF5FDE8FEF25880" authority="(Skuse, 1895) (Toto et al. 2003)" authorityName="Toto et al." authorityYear="2003" baseAuthorityName="Skuse" baseAuthorityYear="1895" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Aedes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="albopictus">
|
||
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA270A43FBF5FDE8FB665864" box="[1078,1271,583,609]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Aedes albopictus</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="FA234B2ABA270A43FAC4FDE8FA055864" author="Skuse, F. A. A." box="[1287,1428,582,609]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" pagination="20" refId="ref178681" refString="Skuse, F. A. A. (1895) The banded mosquito of Bengal. Indian Museum Notes, 3 (5), 20. [for 1894]" type="journal article" year="1895">Skuse, 1895</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="FA234B2ABA270A43FF5CFDC4FECA5880" author="Toto, J. - C. & Abaga, S. & Carnevale, P. & Simard, F." box="[159,347,619,645]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" pagination="343 - 346" refId="ref182756" refString="Toto, J. - C., Abaga, S., Carnevale, P. & Simard, F. (2003) First report of the oriental mosquito Aedes albopictus on the West African island of Bioko, Equatorial Guinea. Medical and Veterinary Entomology, 17 (3), 343 - 346. https: // doi. org / 10.1046 / j. 1365 - 2915.2003.00447. x" type="journal article" year="2003">
|
||
Toto
|
||
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA270A43FF1FFDC4FE9E5880" box="[220,271,619,645]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 2003
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and pest species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA270A43FD91FDC4FD025880" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1758" box="[594,659,619,645]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Culex" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA270A43FD91FDC4FD025880" box="[594,659,619,645]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Culex</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA270A43FD66FDC4FD575881" box="[677,710,619,644]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">e.g</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="FA234B2ABA270A43FD15FDC4FC205880" author="Fuseini, G. & Nguema, R. N. & Phiri, W. P. & Donfack, O. T. & Cortes, C. & Von Fricken, M. E. & Meyers, J. I. & Kleinschmidt, I. & Garcia, G. A. & Maas, C. & Schwabel, C. & Slotman, M. A." box="[726,945,619,645]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" pagination="1071 - 1077" refId="ref156004" refString="Fuseini, G., Nguema, R. N., Phiri, W. P., Donfack, O. T., Cortes, C., Von Fricken, M. E., Meyers, J. I., Kleinschmidt, I., Garcia, G. A., Maas, C., Schwabel, C. & Slotman, M. A. (2019) Increased biting rate of insecticide-resistant Culex mosquitoes and community adherence to IRS for malaria control in urban Malabo, Bioko Island, Equatorial Guinea. Journal of Medical Entomology, 56 (4), 1071 - 1077. https: // doi. org / 10.1093 / jme / tjz 025" type="journal article" year="2019">
|
||
Fuseini
|
||
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA270A43FCF1FDC4FCFD5880" box="[818,876,619,645]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2019
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="FA234B2ABA270A43FC05FDC4FB0F5880" author="Gil Collado, J." box="[966,1182,619,645]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" pagination="311 - 329" refId="ref156440" refString="Gil Collado, J. (1936) Culicidos de la Isla de Fernando Poo recogidos por la expedicion J. Gil-F. Bonet. EOS - Revista Espanola de Entomologia, 11 (4), 311 - 329." type="journal article" year="1936">Gil Collado (1936)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
documented about 30 mosquito species on Bioko. All but
|
||
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA270A43FDE1FD20FC3F58AC" authority="Gil Collado, 1936" authorityName="Gil Collado" authorityYear="1936" box="[546,942,655,681]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Anopheles" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lloreti">
|
||
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA270A43FDE1FD20FD7158AC" box="[546,736,655,681]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Anopheles lloreti</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="FA234B2ABA270A43FD24FD20FC3F58AC" author="Gil Collado, J." box="[743,942,655,681]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" pagination="311 - 329" refId="ref156440" refString="Gil Collado, J. (1936) Culicidos de la Isla de Fernando Poo recogidos por la expedicion J. Gil-F. Bonet. EOS - Revista Espanola de Entomologia, 11 (4), 311 - 329." type="journal article" year="1936">Gil Collado, 1936</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are also found on mainland Africa. The type of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA270A43FF75FD1CFEB758C8" authorityName="Gil Collado" authorityYear="1936" box="[182,294,691,717]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Anopheles" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lloreti">
|
||
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA270A43FF75FD1CFF4458C8" box="[182,213,691,717]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">An</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA270A43FF20FD1CFEB758C8" box="[227,294,691,717]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">lloreti</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is perhaps the only specimen of this species as well.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="9E0D36DBBA270A43FF04FD78FD795984" blockId="20.[151,1437,151,1617]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">
|
||
An attribute that to us stands out as unique is paired spots of erect black scales on the vertex of the head. “Head with a broad vertical zone of narrow, reclining, white scales, among which numerous dark standing scales appear; on each side there is a rounded blotch of dark scales, which in turn, has a lateral region of white, narrow, reclining scales, and in the same posterior angle of the eyes there is a small dark spot.” These spots are not noted in
|
||
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA270A43FABBFCECFF6F5984" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Ae. lamborni</emphasis>
|
||
, but they are present in subspecies
|
||
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA270A43FD49FCC8FD705984" authorityName="Chwatt" authorityYear="1948" box="[650,737,871,897]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Aedes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="kumbae">
|
||
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA270A43FD49FCC8FD705984" box="[650,737,871,897]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">kumbae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="9E0D36DBBA270A43FF04FC24FDDA5EC0" blockId="20.[151,1437,151,1617]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">
|
||
Subspecies
|
||
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA270A43FE89FC24FE3059A0" authorityName="Chwatt" authorityYear="1948" box="[330,417,907,933]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Aedes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="kumbae">
|
||
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA270A43FE89FC24FE3059A0" box="[330,417,907,933]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">kumbae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
was described from Kumba,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="E6A5764BBA270A43FD26FC24FC2659A0" box="[741,951,907,933]" name="Cameroon" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">British Cameroons</collectingCountry>
|
||
[
|
||
<collectingCountry id="E6A5764BBA270A43FC00FC24FB5759A0" box="[963,1222,907,933]" name="Cameroon" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Republic of Cameroon</collectingCountry>
|
||
] by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="FA234B2ABA270A43FB37FC24FA0859A0" author="Chwatt, L. J." box="[1268,1433,907,933]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" pagination="184 - 189" refId="ref148183" refString="Chwatt, L. J. (1948) A new Aedes from the Cameroons, A. (Aedimorphus) boneti s. sp. kumbae s. sp. nov. Annals of Tropical Medicine and Parasitology, 42 (2), 184 - 189. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 00034983.1948.11685361" type="journal article" year="1948">Chwatt (1948)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
. The type localities of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA270A43FE46FC00FE4D59CC" authorityName="Chwatt" authorityYear="1948" box="[389,476,943,969]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Aedes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="kumbae">
|
||
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA270A43FE46FC00FE4D59CC" box="[389,476,943,969]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">kumbae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and the type form are
|
||
<quantity id="594A9B3EBA270A43FD0CFC00FCB359CC" box="[719,802,943,969]" metricMagnitude="5" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.17" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" unit="km" value="117.0">117 km</quantity>
|
||
apart (determined by David Pecor on
|
||
<date id="EA0C101BBA270A43FB01FC00FAD459CC" box="[1218,1349,943,969]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" value="2022-07-04">04/07/2022</date>
|
||
, https:// arcg.is/CqOTz1) and, as stated above, the island and mainland are separated by
|
||
<quantity id="594A9B3EBA270A43FBCAFC7CFBDE59E8" box="[1033,1103,979,1005]" metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.2" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" unit="km" value="32.0">32 km</quantity>
|
||
of ocean. The description and illustrations of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA270A43FEFCFC58FE075E14" authorityName="Chwatt" authorityYear="1948" box="[319,406,1015,1041]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Aedes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="kumbae">
|
||
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA270A43FEFCFC58FE075E14" box="[319,406,1015,1041]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">kumbae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are detailed and based on a series of specimens:
|
||
<specimenCount id="88B4FD52BA270A43FC71FC58FB8A5E14" box="[946,1051,1015,1041]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" type="larva">10 larvae</specimenCount>
|
||
, three pupal exuviae and
|
||
<specimenCount id="88B4FD52BA270A43FAF7FC58FA0D5E14" box="[1332,1436,1015,1041]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" type="adult">two adult</specimenCount>
|
||
males with dissected genitalia mounted with the associated pupal exuviae. Of these,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="FA234B2ABA270A43FB99FBB4FAB15E30" author="Townsend, B. C." box="[1114,1312,1051,1077]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" pagination="35 - 152" refId="ref182830" refString="Townsend, B. C. (1990) Culicidae. In: Townsend, B. C., Chainey, J. E., Crosskey, R. W., Pont, A. C., Lane, R. P., Boorman, J. P. T. & Crouch, C. A. (Eds.), A catalogue of the types of bloodsucking flies in the British Museum (Natural History), Natural History Museum, London, pp. 35 - 152." type="book chapter" year="1990">Townsend (1990)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
found
|
||
<specimenCount id="88B4FD52BA270A43FAB1FBB4FF495E5C" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" type="male">two males</specimenCount>
|
||
and
|
||
<specimenCount id="88B4FD52BA270A43FED2FB90FEEF5E5C" box="[273,382,1087,1113]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" type="larva">six larvae</specimenCount>
|
||
in the Natural History Museum, London.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="FA234B2ABA270A43FC9CFB90FB925E5C" author="Chwatt, L. J." box="[863,1027,1087,1113]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" pagination="184 - 189" refId="ref148183" refString="Chwatt, L. J. (1948) A new Aedes from the Cameroons, A. (Aedimorphus) boneti s. sp. kumbae s. sp. nov. Annals of Tropical Medicine and Parasitology, 42 (2), 184 - 189. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 00034983.1948.11685361" type="journal article" year="1948">Chwatt (1948)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
apparently relied on the description of the male of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA270A43FEFDFBCCFE155E78" box="[318,388,1123,1149]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Aedes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="boneti">
|
||
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA270A43FEFDFBCCFE155E78" box="[318,388,1123,1149]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">boneti</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
to compare subspecies
|
||
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA270A43FD51FBCCFD785E78" authorityName="Chwatt" authorityYear="1948" box="[658,745,1123,1149]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Aedes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="kumbae">
|
||
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA270A43FD51FBCCFD785E78" box="[658,745,1123,1149]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">kumbae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA270A43FCE8FBCCFCE05E78" box="[811,881,1123,1149]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Aedes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="boneti">
|
||
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA270A43FCE8FBCCFCE05E78" box="[811,881,1123,1149]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">boneti</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
since there is no indication that he examined the
|
||
<typeStatus id="41098879BA270A43FF54FB28FF685EA4" box="[151,249,1159,1185]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA270A43FEDEFB28FEF25EA4" box="[285,355,1159,1185]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Aedes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="boneti">
|
||
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA270A43FEDEFB28FEF25EA4" box="[285,355,1159,1185]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">boneti</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="FA234B2ABA270A43FEB3FB28FDB15EA4" author="Hopkins, G. H. E." box="[368,544,1158,1185]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" refId="ref160249" refString="Hopkins, G. H. E. (1952) Mosquitoes of the Ethiopian Region I. - Larval bionomics of mosquitoes and taxonomy of culicine larvae. 2 nd Edition. British Museum (Natural History), London, viii + 355 pp." type="book" year="1952">Hopkins (1952)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
included
|
||
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA270A43FD4EFB28FD425EA4" box="[653,723,1159,1185]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Aedes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="boneti">
|
||
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA270A43FD4EFB28FD425EA4" box="[653,723,1159,1185]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">boneti</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in a key but reproduced the description and larval illustration of subspecies
|
||
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA270A43FED5FB04FEFC5EC0" authorityName="Chwatt" authorityYear="1948" box="[278,365,1195,1221]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Aedes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="kumbae">
|
||
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA270A43FED5FB04FEFC5EC0" box="[278,365,1195,1221]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">kumbae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
to represent
|
||
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA270A43FE3DFB04FDD55EC0" box="[510,580,1195,1221]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Aedes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="boneti">
|
||
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA270A43FE3DFB04FDD55EC0" box="[510,580,1195,1221]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">boneti</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="9E0D36DBBA270A43FF04FB60FB0D5C54" blockId="20.[151,1437,151,1617]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">
|
||
<materialsCitation id="2EDA3C86BA270A43FF04FB60FB095C54" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="4134363311" country="Equatorial Guinea" location="Fernando Po" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" specimenCount="3" specimenCount-adult="1" specimenCount-male="1">
|
||
For purposes of comparison, therefore, we only have the descriptions of the adult male of each nominal form. The following are comments and characters that
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="FA234B2ABA270A43FD76FB5CFCC65F08" author="Chwatt, L. J." box="[693,855,1267,1293]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" pagination="184 - 189" refId="ref148183" refString="Chwatt, L. J. (1948) A new Aedes from the Cameroons, A. (Aedimorphus) boneti s. sp. kumbae s. sp. nov. Annals of Tropical Medicine and Parasitology, 42 (2), 184 - 189. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 00034983.1948.11685361" type="journal article" year="1948">Chwatt (1948)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
used to justify giving
|
||
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA270A43FB8CFB5CFB375F08" authorityName="Chwatt" authorityYear="1948" box="[1103,1190,1267,1293]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Aedes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="kumbae">
|
||
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA270A43FB8CFB5CFB375F08" box="[1103,1190,1267,1293]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">kumbae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
subspecies status: “In Edwards’s (1941) key to the Ethiopian species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA270A43FD0CFAB8FC835F34" box="[719,786,1303,1329]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Aedes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA270A43FD0CFAB8FC835F34" box="[719,786,1303,1329]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Aëdes</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
the
|
||
<specimenCount id="88B4FD52BA270A43FC86FAB8FC3C5F34" box="[837,941,1303,1329]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" type="male">two male</specimenCount>
|
||
adults [the
|
||
<specimenCount id="88B4FD52BA270A43FBF5FAB8FB4C5F34" box="[1078,1245,1303,1329]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" type="generic">two specimens</specimenCount>
|
||
used to describe subspecies
|
||
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA270A43FED0FA94FEFB5F50" authorityName="Chwatt" authorityYear="1948" box="[275,362,1339,1365]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Aedes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="kumbae">
|
||
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA270A43FED0FA94FEFB5F50" box="[275,362,1339,1365]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">kumbae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
] would run down to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA270A43FD89FA94FCA55F50" authority="Gil Collado" authorityName="Gil Collado" box="[586,820,1339,1365]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Aedes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="boneti">
|
||
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA270A43FD89FA94FD3D5F50" box="[586,684,1339,1365]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">A. boneti</emphasis>
|
||
Gil Collado
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, described in 1936 from a single damaged male captured on the Island of
|
||
<collectingCountry id="E6A5764BBA270A43FE90FAF0FE775F7C" box="[339,486,1375,1401]" name="Equatorial Guinea" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Fernando Po</collectingCountry>
|
||
. The similarity between the
|
||
<specimenCount id="88B4FD52BA270A43FCEAFAF0FC0F5F7C" box="[809,926,1375,1401]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" type="adult">two adults</specimenCount>
|
||
described above and the original description of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA270A43FF76FA2CFE8A5F98" box="[181,283,1411,1437]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Aedes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="boneti">
|
||
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA270A43FF76FA2CFE8A5F98" box="[181,283,1411,1437]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">A. boneti</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is considerable. Nevertheless, there are several notable differences―mainly the more extensive, rather differently shaped, dark scaling of the head, the pale (instead of golden) colour of the investiture of the mesonotum, the presence of prescutellar rows of scales, the scaling of the abdominal sternites [sterna], the presence of small pale apical spots on the dorsal surface of the femora, the presence of basal white spots on the costa, and the markings of the last hind tarsal segments.” We itemized the above characters and extracted text from the original descriptions of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA270A43FF54F998FF7F5C54" authorityName="Chwatt" authorityYear="1948" box="[151,238,1591,1617]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Aedes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="kumbae">
|
||
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA270A43FF54F998FF7F5C54" box="[151,238,1591,1617]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">kumbae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA270A43FEE6F998FEFA5C54" box="[293,363,1591,1617]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Aedes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="boneti">
|
||
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA270A43FEE6F998FEFA5C54" box="[293,363,1591,1617]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">boneti</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA270A43FEBAF998FE0A5C55" box="[377,411,1591,1616]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">i.e.</emphasis>
|
||
from Gil Collado (1948) and Chwatt (1936), respectively, as follow
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="9E0D36DBBA270A43FF54F9D7FC7E5C97" blockId="20.[151,1437,1656,2043]" box="[151,1007,1656,1683]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">“...the more extensive, rather differently shaped, dark scaling of the head...”.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="9E0D36DBBA270A43FF54F932FC0D5CFB" blockId="20.[151,1437,1656,2043]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">
|
||
—
|
||
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA270A43FF70F933FE9B5CB3" authorityName="Chwatt" authorityYear="1948" box="[179,266,1692,1718]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Aedes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="kumbae">
|
||
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA270A43FF70F933FE9B5CB3" box="[179,266,1692,1718]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">kumbae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
: “Occiput with two, dark, dorsolateral, conspicuous, oval or comma-shaped spots, formed by dark-brown upright forked scales. The remainder of the upright scales pale. Prominent dark-brown bare vertical area along the median suture [coronal suture].” [large dark spots illustrated]
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="9E0D36DBBA270A43FF54F8A6FD045D8B" blockId="20.[151,1437,1656,2043]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">
|
||
—
|
||
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA270A43FF70F8A7FF685D27" box="[179,249,1800,1826]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Aedes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="boneti">
|
||
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA270A43FF70F8A7FF685D27" box="[179,249,1800,1826]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">boneti</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
: “Head with a broad vertica1 zone of narrow, reclining, white scales, among which numerous dark standing scales appear; on each side there is a rounded blotch of dark scales, which in turn, has a lateral region of white, narrow, reclining scales, and in the same posterior angle of the eyes there is a small dark spot.” [dorsolateral and lateral dark spots evident in the illustration]
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="9E0D36DBBA270A43FF54F836FCF15DD3" blockId="20.[151,1437,1656,2043]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">We do not interpret these two descriptions to be substantially different, in addition the illustrations of the heads are quite similar, especially the two large dark spots of erect scales.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="9E0D36DBBA270A43FF54F84FFBF25DFF" blockId="20.[151,1437,1656,2043]" box="[151,1123,2016,2043]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">“...the pale (instead of golden) colour of the investiture of the mesonotum [scutum]...”.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="9E0D36DBBA260A42FF54FF38FB7A5AB4" blockId="21.[151,1362,151,249]" box="[151,1259,151,177]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
|
||
—
|
||
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA260A42FF70FF38FE9B5AB4" authorityName="Chwatt" authorityYear="1948" box="[179,266,151,177]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Aedes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="kumbae">
|
||
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA260A42FF70FF38FE9B5AB4" box="[179,266,151,177]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">kumbae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
: “Mesonotum covered with a mixture of narrow, curved, dark-brown and pale scales...”.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="9E0D36DBBA260A42FF54FF14FAD45AD0" blockId="21.[151,1362,151,249]" box="[151,1349,187,213]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
|
||
—
|
||
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA260A42FF70FF14FF685AD0" box="[179,249,187,213]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Aedes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="boneti">
|
||
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA260A42FF70FF14FF685AD0" box="[179,249,187,213]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">boneti</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
: “Mesonotum, except for its anterior edge, has sparse gold scales mixed with wider black scales.”
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="9E0D36DBBA260A42FF54FF70FAC35AFC" blockId="21.[151,1362,151,249]" box="[151,1362,223,249]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Pale scales versus sparse gold scales could be explained by differences in lighting used for the observations.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="9E0D36DBBA260A42FF54FE88FD505B44" blockId="21.[151,1436,295,501]" box="[151,705,295,321]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">“...the presence of prescutellar rows of scales... ”.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="9E0D36DBBA260A42FF54FEE4FC8B5B8C" blockId="21.[151,1436,295,501]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
|
||
—
|
||
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA260A42FF70FEE4FE9B5B60" authorityName="Chwatt" authorityYear="1948" box="[179,266,331,357]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Aedes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="kumbae">
|
||
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA260A42FF70FEE4FE9B5B60" box="[179,266,331,357]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">kumbae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
: “...dark-brown and pale scales, the latter broader on the anterior and anterolateral borders [of the scutum] and broad and flat around the prescutellar bare area.”
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="9E0D36DBBA260A42FF54FE3CFBF85BA8" blockId="21.[151,1436,295,501]" box="[151,1129,403,429]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
|
||
—
|
||
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA260A42FF70FE3CFF685BA8" box="[179,249,403,429]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Aedes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="boneti">
|
||
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA260A42FF70FE3CFF685BA8" box="[179,249,403,429]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">boneti</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
: “In the middle region, in front of the scutellum, there are some white scales.”
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="9E0D36DBBA260A42FF54FE18FF685BF0" blockId="21.[151,1436,295,501]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Neither description mentions rows of scales in front of the scutellum or provides a clear distinction between the two.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="9E0D36DBBA260A42FF54FD8CFD715838" blockId="21.[151,980,547,681]" box="[151,736,547,573]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">“...the scaling of the abdominal sternites [sterna]...”.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="9E0D36DBBA260A42FF54FDE8FC455864" blockId="21.[151,980,547,681]" box="[151,980,583,609]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
|
||
—
|
||
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA260A42FF70FDE8FE9B5864" authorityName="Chwatt" authorityYear="1948" box="[179,266,583,609]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Aedes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="kumbae">
|
||
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA260A42FF70FDE8FE9B5864" box="[179,266,583,609]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">kumbae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
: “Sternites covered almost entirely with broad flat pale scales.”
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="9E0D36DBBA260A42FF54FDC4FEEE5880" blockId="21.[151,980,547,681]" box="[151,383,619,645]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
|
||
—
|
||
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA260A42FF70FDC4FEA35880" authority=": Not" authorityName="Not" box="[179,306,619,645]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Aedes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="boneti">
|
||
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA260A42FF70FDC4FF685880" box="[179,249,619,645]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">boneti</emphasis>
|
||
: Not
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
noted.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="9E0D36DBBA260A42FF54FD20FE2258AC" blockId="21.[151,980,547,681]" box="[151,435,655,681]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">No applicable difference.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="9E0D36DBBA260A42FF54FD78FB8D58F4" blockId="21.[151,1436,727,1113]" box="[151,1052,727,753]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">“...the presence of small pale apical spots on the dorsal surface of the femora...”.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="9E0D36DBBA260A42FF54FD54FC455958" blockId="21.[151,1436,727,1113]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
|
||
—
|
||
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA260A42FF70FD54FE9B5910" authorityName="Chwatt" authorityYear="1948" box="[179,266,763,789]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Aedes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="kumbae">
|
||
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA260A42FF70FD54FE9B5910" box="[179,266,763,789]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">kumbae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
: “Fore femora dark, with a paler basal ventral surface and a few white scales at the distal end of the dorsal surface; middle femora similar, with a rather more extensive pale ventral area; hind femora dark on the dorsal side, except for a white distal spot, mainly pale on the ventral side...”.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="9E0D36DBBA260A42FF54FCC8FBC459E8" blockId="21.[151,1436,727,1113]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
|
||
—
|
||
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA260A42FF70FCC8FE105984" authority=": Forefemur" authorityName="Forefemur" box="[179,385,871,897]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Aedes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="boneti">
|
||
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA260A42FF70FCC8FF685984" box="[179,249,871,897]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">boneti</emphasis>
|
||
: Forefemur
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
not noted. “Legs II [midlegs]: femora with their anterior and dorsal surfaces dark, and the posterior surface completely pale at the base, this coloration narrowing progressively toward the apex, where there is only a single white ventral line…”. “Legs III [hindlegs] with predominantly white femora, and a narrow black dorsal strip, while the anterior face is peppered with abundant dark scales.”
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="9E0D36DBBA260A42FF54FC58FEE25E5C" blockId="21.[151,1436,727,1113]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
|
||
The apical pale femoral spot in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA260A42FE35FC58FDDC5E14" authorityName="Chwatt" authorityYear="1948" box="[502,589,1015,1041]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Aedes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="kumbae">
|
||
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA260A42FE35FC58FDDC5E14" box="[502,589,1015,1041]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">kumbae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is described only for the hindfemur. The illustration of the hindleg of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA260A42FA95FC58FA0D5E14" box="[1366,1436,1015,1041]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Aedes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="boneti">
|
||
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA260A42FA95FC58FA0D5E14" box="[1366,1436,1015,1041]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">boneti</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
does not show an apical spot. We think this remains ambiguous pending comparison of the
|
||
<typeStatus id="41098879BA260A42FB7AFBB4FAB75E30" box="[1209,1318,1051,1077]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" type="holotype">holotypes</typeStatus>
|
||
of the two nominal forms.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="9E0D36DBBA260A42FF54FB28FD7A5EA4" blockId="21.[151,1436,1159,1329]" box="[151,747,1159,1185]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
|
||
“...the presence of basal white spots on the
|
||
<collectingRegion id="5C76F839BA260A42FDBFFB28FD2F5EA4" box="[636,702,1159,1185]" country="Tanzania" name="Pwani" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Costa</collectingRegion>
|
||
... ”.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="9E0D36DBBA260A42FF54FB04FE845EEC" blockId="21.[151,1436,1159,1329]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
|
||
—
|
||
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA260A42FF70FB04FE9B5EC0" authorityName="Chwatt" authorityYear="1948" box="[179,266,1195,1221]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Aedes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="kumbae">
|
||
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA260A42FF70FB04FE9B5EC0" box="[179,266,1195,1221]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">kumbae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
: “Wings with scales dark and a small basal patch of pale scales on the lower and anterior surface of the costa.”
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="9E0D36DBBA260A42FF54FB5CFC285F08" blockId="21.[151,1436,1159,1329]" box="[151,953,1267,1299]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
|
||
—
|
||
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA260A42FF70FB5CFF685F08" box="[179,249,1267,1293]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Aedes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="boneti">
|
||
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA260A42FF70FB5CFF685F08" box="[179,249,1267,1293]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">boneti</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
: “The wing scales are dark, and even blackish over C and R
|
||
<subScript id="0236349EBA260A42FC5EFAAAFC345F16" attach="left" box="[925,933,1285,1299]" fontSize="6" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">1</subScript>
|
||
.”
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="9E0D36DBBA260A42FF54FAB8FD6D5F35" blockId="21.[151,1436,1159,1329]" box="[151,764,1303,1329]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">A few pale scales at the base of the costa can be variable.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="9E0D36DBBA260A42FF54FAF0FBBE5F7C" blockId="21.[151,1437,1375,1797]" box="[151,1071,1375,1401]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">“...and the markings of the last hind tarsal segments [which markings not stated].”</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="9E0D36DBBA260A42FF54FA2CFA995C28" blockId="21.[151,1437,1375,1797]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
|
||
—
|
||
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA260A42FF70FA2CFE9B5F98" authorityName="Chwatt" authorityYear="1948" box="[179,266,1411,1437]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Aedes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="kumbae">
|
||
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA260A42FF70FA2CFE9B5F98" box="[179,266,1411,1437]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">kumbae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
: “hind tarsi... first segment [tarsomere 1] dark, with an apical white band, second with one basal and one apical white band, the latter about twice the length of the former, third with one apical and one basal narrow band. The fourth tarsus [tarsomere 4] shows some variation: in
|
||
<specimenCount id="88B4FD52BA260A42FC4CFA64FBB85FE0" box="[911,1065,1483,1509]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" type="generic">one specimen</specimenCount>
|
||
it has a dark median band, while in the other the dark scales form only a narrow longitudinal line on the apical half of the lower surface. In both specimens the fifth tarsus [tarsomere 5] is white but has a similar dark line on the lower surface.”
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="9E0D36DBBA260A42FF54F998FAD15CE4" blockId="21.[151,1437,1375,1797]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
|
||
—
|
||
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA260A42FF70F998FF685C54" box="[179,249,1591,1617]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Aedes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="boneti">
|
||
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA260A42FF70F998FF685C54" box="[179,249,1591,1617]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">boneti</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
: “The metatarsi [hindtarsomeres 1] are black, with bristles of the same color, and a white spot at their apices which is a little longer than their width. The 2nd article [tarsomere 2] has a narrow pale basal zone, and another at its apex which is two and a half times its thickness; the 3rd with an apical ring the same as the 2nd and one at the base which is a little greater than its diameter. The 4th is white with a middle dark zone of one fourth its total length, and the 5th, completely white.” [roughly matches the illustration of the hindleg]
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="9E0D36DBBA260A42FF54F944FD865D00" blockId="21.[151,1437,1375,1797]" box="[151,535,1771,1797]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">No defining differences are given.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="9E0D36DBBA260A41FF04F89CFCD85B18" blockId="21.[151,1437,1843,2013]" lastBlockId="22.[151,1436,150,285]" lastPageId="22" lastPageNumber="23" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="FA234B2ABA260A42FF04F89CFEFF5D48" author="Chwatt, L. J." box="[199,366,1843,1869]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" pagination="184 - 189" refId="ref148183" refString="Chwatt, L. J. (1948) A new Aedes from the Cameroons, A. (Aedimorphus) boneti s. sp. kumbae s. sp. nov. Annals of Tropical Medicine and Parasitology, 42 (2), 184 - 189. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 00034983.1948.11685361" type="journal article" year="1948">Chwatt (1948)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
wrote: “This
|
||
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA260A42FDD5F89CFD3A5D48" box="[534,683,1843,1869]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Aedes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="21" pageNumber="164" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subGenus" subGenus="Aedimorphus">
|
||
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA260A42FDD5F89CFD3A5D48" box="[534,683,1843,1869]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Aedimorphus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is described here under the provisional name of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA260A42FB36F89CFACE5D48" box="[1269,1375,1843,1869]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Aedes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="boneti">
|
||
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA260A42FB36F89CFACE5D48" box="[1269,1375,1843,1869]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">A. boneti</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
s.sp.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA260A42FF54F8F8FF7F5D74" authorityName="Chwatt" authorityYear="1948" box="[151,238,1879,1905]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Aedes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="kumbae">
|
||
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA260A42FF54F8F8FF7F5D74" box="[151,238,1879,1905]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">kumbae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Should the still unknown larva of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA260A42FDBDF8F8FD755D74" box="[638,740,1879,1905]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Aedes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="boneti">
|
||
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA260A42FDBDF8F8FD755D74" box="[638,740,1879,1905]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">A. boneti</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
prove to be different from the one described above,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA260A42FAF5F8F8FA0D5D74" box="[1334,1436,1879,1905]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Aedes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="boneti">
|
||
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA260A42FAF5F8F8FA0D5D74" box="[1334,1436,1879,1905]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">A. boneti</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
s.sp.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA260A42FF12F8D4FEB95D90" authorityName="Chwatt" authorityYear="1948" box="[209,296,1915,1941]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Aedes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="kumbae">
|
||
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA260A42FF12F8D4FEB95D90" box="[209,296,1915,1941]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">kumbae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
will have to be treated as a new species,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA260A42FD3DF8D4FBB45D90" authorityName="Chwatt" authorityYear="1948" box="[766,1061,1915,1941]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Aedes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="kumbae" subGenus="Aedimorphus">
|
||
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA260A42FD3DF8D4FC9E5D90" box="[766,783,1915,1941]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">A</emphasis>
|
||
. (
|
||
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA260A42FCEBF8D4FC2C5D90" box="[808,957,1915,1941]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Aedimorphus</emphasis>
|
||
)
|
||
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA260A42FC0DF8D4FBB45D90" box="[974,1061,1915,1941]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">kumbae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.” Our interpretation is that when
|
||
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA260A42FF54F830FF7F5DBC" authorityName="Chwatt" authorityYear="1948" box="[151,238,1951,1977]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Aedes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="kumbae">
|
||
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA260A42FF54F830FF7F5DBC" box="[151,238,1951,1977]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">kumbae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
was described, no significant characters were given to distinguish the two nominal taxa, and we therefore treat
|
||
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA260A42FF12F86CFEB95DD8" authorityName="Chwatt" authorityYear="1948" box="[209,296,1987,2013]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Aedes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="kumbae">
|
||
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA260A42FF12F86CFEB95DD8" box="[209,296,1987,2013]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">kumbae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is a synonym of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA260A42FE2CF86CFDA45DD8" box="[495,565,1987,2013]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Aedes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="boneti">
|
||
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA260A42FE2CF86CFDA45DD8" box="[495,565,1987,2013]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">boneti</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
until proven otherwise:
|
||
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA260A41FC88F86DFD2C5AB5" bold="true" lastPageId="22" lastPageNumber="23" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA260A42FC88F86DFBC15DD9" authority="Chwatt, 1948" authorityName="Chwatt" authorityYear="1948" box="[843,1104,1986,2013]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Aedes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="kumbae">
|
||
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA260A42FC88F86DFC365DD8" bold="true" box="[843,935,1986,2013]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">kumbae</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="FA234B2ABA260A42FC6CF86DFBC15DD9" author="Chwatt, L. J." box="[943,1104,1986,2012]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" pagination="184 - 189" refId="ref148183" refString="Chwatt, L. J. (1948) A new Aedes from the Cameroons, A. (Aedimorphus) boneti s. sp. kumbae s. sp. nov. Annals of Tropical Medicine and Parasitology, 42 (2), 184 - 189. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 00034983.1948.11685361" type="journal article" year="1948">Chwatt, 1948</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, junior subjective synonym of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA250A41FF75FF39FD2C5AB5" authority="Gil Collado, 1936" authorityName="Gil Collado" authorityYear="1936" box="[182,701,150,177]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Aedes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="boneti" subGenus="Bifidistylus">
|
||
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA250A41FF75FF39FF6B5AB4" bold="true" box="[182,250,150,177]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Aedes</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA250A41FEC8FF39FE1F5AB4" bold="true" box="[267,398,150,177]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Bifidistylus</emphasis>
|
||
)
|
||
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA250A41FE5DFF39FE775AB4" bold="true" box="[414,486,150,177]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">boneti</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="FA234B2ABA250A41FE2EFF39FD2C5AB5" author="Gil Collado, J." box="[493,701,150,176]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" pagination="311 - 329" refId="ref156440" refString="Gil Collado, J. (1936) Culicidos de la Isla de Fernando Poo recogidos por la expedicion J. Gil-F. Bonet. EOS - Revista Espanola de Entomologia, 11 (4), 311 - 329." type="journal article" year="1936">Gil Collado, 1936</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
. Should the larvae be found, the larva of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA250A41FB53FF38FB765AB4" authorityName="Chwatt" authorityYear="1948" box="[1168,1255,151,177]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Aedes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="kumbae">
|
||
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA250A41FB53FF38FB765AB4" box="[1168,1255,151,177]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">kumbae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
possesses some potentially unique characteristics for diagnosis, such as an array of variously shaped spines on the siphon and a dense patch of comb scales. The nominal subspecies
|
||
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA250A41FD34FF70FCDF5AFC" authorityName="Chwatt" authorityYear="1948" box="[759,846,223,249]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Aedes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="kumbae">
|
||
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA250A41FD34FF70FCDF5AFC" box="[759,846,223,249]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">kumbae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, which is listed as a species in the Encyclopedia of Life, must be removed from the list of valid species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA250A41FD3CFEACFCD35B18" box="[767,834,259,285]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Aedes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA250A41FD3CFEACFCD35B18" box="[767,834,259,285]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Aedes</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |