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<document id="2D4AA5795CACBD05E285D4788DF0BAF2" ID-CLB-Dataset="53758" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.5303.1.1" ID-GBIF-Dataset="55cb0aa4-25b5-43fc-b545-54697a22b641" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="8043342" ID-ZooBank="DE9C1F18-5CEE-4968-9991-075B977966FE" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="diego" IM.illustrations_approvedBy="diego" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_approvedBy="diego" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatments_approvedBy="diego" checkinTime="1686836004935" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Harbach, Ralph E. &amp; Wilkerson, Richard C." docDate="2023" docId="161B87CDBA1A0A7DFF54FC25FE1A5F08" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.5303.1.1.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 5303 (1)" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/PDIS-04-22-0755-PDN" docStyle="DocumentStyle:5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3.14:Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleId="5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleVersion="14" docTitle="Aedes (Ochlerotatus) spencerii" docType="treatment" docVersion="9" lastPageNumber="43" masterDocId="EA22FFB5BA330A57FFC3FFAFFF915A05" masterDocTitle="The insupportable validity of mosquito subspecies (Diptera: Culicidae) and their exclusion from culicid classification" masterLastPageNumber="184" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="42" updateTime="1699524690436" updateUser="plazi">
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<mods:title id="BAAAEBF71A0698C3D48F3D0321242680">The insupportable validity of mosquito subspecies (Diptera: Culicidae) and their exclusion from culicid classification</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="A5447E9A7C49EE72691677B5AD6277ED">Wilkerson, Richard C.</mods:namePart>
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<treatment id="161B87CDBA1A0A7DFF54FC25FE1A5F08" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8064164" ID-GBIF-Taxon="209700462" ID-Zenodo-Dep="8064164" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:161B87CDBA1A0A7DFF54FC25FE1A5F08" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/161B87CDBA1A0A7DFF54FC25FE1A5F08" lastPageId="42" lastPageNumber="43" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">
<subSubSection id="D6A86550BA1A0A7EFF54FC25FD0C59A1" box="[151,669,906,933]" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="9E0D36DBBA1A0A7EFF54FC25FD0C59A1" blockId="41.[151,669,906,933]" box="[151,669,906,933]" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">
<heading id="C54581B7BA1A0A7EFF54FC25FD0C59A1" bold="true" box="[151,669,906,933]" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" reason="4">
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA1A0A7EFF54FC25FD0C59A1" ID-CoL="89VZB" authority="(Theobald)" baseAuthorityName="Theobald" baseAuthorityYear="1901" box="[151,669,906,933]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Aedes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="spencerii" subGenus="Ochlerotatus">
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA1A0A7EFF54FC25FD0C59A1" bold="true" box="[151,669,906,933]" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA1A0A7EFF54FC25FF4E59A0" bold="true" box="[151,223,906,933]" italics="true" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">Aedes</emphasis>
(
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA1A0A7EFF33FC25FE1D59A0" bold="true" box="[240,396,906,933]" italics="true" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">Ochlerotatus</emphasis>
)
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA1A0A7EFE5DFC24FD9A59A0" bold="true" box="[414,523,907,933]" italics="true" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">spencerii</emphasis>
(Theobald)
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="D6A86550BA1A0A7EFF54FC60FDD05E46" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="9E0D36DBBA1A0A7EFF54FC60FB0C5E03" blockId="41.[151,1437,975,1091]" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">
subspecies
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA1A0A7EFEC8FC60FDAD59E2" authority="(Theobald, 1903a)" baseAuthorityName="Theobald" baseAuthorityYear="1903" box="[267,572,975,999]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Aedes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="idahoensis">
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA1A0A7EFEC8FC60FEEB59E2" bold="true" box="[267,378,975,999]" italics="true" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">idahoensis</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="FA234B2ABA1A0A7EFE4AFC60FDA459E2" author="Theobald, F. V." box="[393,565,975,999]" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" refId="ref181601" refString="Theobald, F. V. (1903 a) A monograph of the Culicidae or mosquitoes. Vol. 3. British Museum (Natural History), London, xvii + 1 (errata) + 359 pp., foldout table, 17 pls. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 58067" type="book" year="1903">Theobald, 1903a</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
—original combination:
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA1A0A7EFCFFFC60FB2659E2" authorityName="Nielsen &amp; Rees" authorityYear="1959" box="[828,1207,975,999]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Grabhamia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="variety" species="spencerii" variety="idahoensis">
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA1A0A7EFCFFFC60FB8759E2" box="[828,1046,975,999]" italics="true" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">Grabhamia spencerii</emphasis>
var.
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA1A0A7EFB88FC60FB2659E2" box="[1099,1207,975,999]" italics="true" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">idahoensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(subspecific status by
<bibRefCitation id="FA234B2ABA1A0A7EFF04FC41FE355E03" author="Nielsen, L. T. &amp; Rees, D. M." box="[199,420,1006,1030]" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" pagination="45 - 47" refId="ref171930" refString="Nielsen, L. T. &amp; Rees, D. M. (1959) The mosquitoes of Utah - a revised list. Mosquito News, 19 (2), 45 - 47." type="journal article" year="1959">Nielsen &amp; Rees 1959</bibRefCitation>
). Distribution:
<collectingCountry id="E6A5764BBA1A0A7EFDFFFC41FD1A5E03" box="[572,651,1006,1030]" name="Canada" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">Canada</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="E6A5764BBA1A0A7EFD56FC41FC8C5E03" box="[661,797,1006,1030]" name="United States of America" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">United States</collectingCountry>
(continental) (
<bibRefCitation id="FA234B2ABA1A0A7EFC72FC41FB035E03" author="Wilkerson, R. C. &amp; Linton, Y. - M. &amp; Strickman, D." box="[945,1170,1006,1030]" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" refId="ref184924" refString="Wilkerson, R. C., Linton, Y. - M. &amp; Strickman, D. (2021) Mosquitoes of the world. Vols. 1 &amp; 2. Johns Hopkins University Press, Baltimore, Maryland, 1332 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.1186 / s 13071 - 021 - 04848 - 6" type="book" year="2021">
Wilkerson
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA1A0A7EFBE1FC40FBDE5E03" box="[1058,1103,1006,1030]" italics="true" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">et al</emphasis>
. 2021
</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="9E0D36DBBA1A0A7EFF54FBA3FDD05E46" blockId="41.[151,1437,975,1091]" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">
subspecies
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA1A0A7EFEC8FBA3FDB95E21" authority="(Theobald, 1901 c)" baseAuthorityName="Theobald" baseAuthorityYear="1901" box="[267,552,1036,1060]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Grabhamia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="spencerii">
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA1A0A7EFEC8FBA3FEF85E21" bold="true" box="[267,361,1036,1060]" italics="true" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">spencerii</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="FA234B2ABA1A0A7EFEB4FBA3FDB35E21" author="Theobald, F. V." box="[375,546,1036,1060]" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" refId="ref181504" refString="Theobald, F. V. (1901 c) A monograph of the Culicidae or mosquitoes. Vol. 2. British Museum (Natural History), London, viii + 391 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 58067" type="book" year="1901">Theobald, 1901c</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
—original combination:
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA1A0A7EFCEAFBA3FC595E21" ID-CoL="8BNJS" authorityName="Theobald" authorityYear="1901" box="[809,968,1036,1060]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Culex" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="spencerii">
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA1A0A7EFCEAFBA3FC595E21" box="[809,968,1036,1060]" italics="true" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">Culex spencerii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. Distribution:
<collectingCountry id="E6A5764BBA1A0A7EFB9CFBA3FB3F5E21" box="[1119,1198,1036,1060]" name="Canada" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">Canada</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="E6A5764BBA1A0A7EFB7BFBA3FA995E21" box="[1208,1288,1036,1060]" name="Mexico" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">Mexico</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="E6A5764BBA1A0A7EFAD0FBA3FA0C5E20" box="[1299,1437,1036,1061]" name="United States of America" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">United States</collectingCountry>
(continental) (
<bibRefCitation id="FA234B2ABA1A0A7EFE95FB84FDA75E46" author="Wilkerson, R. C. &amp; Linton, Y. - M. &amp; Strickman, D." box="[342,566,1067,1091]" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" refId="ref184924" refString="Wilkerson, R. C., Linton, Y. - M. &amp; Strickman, D. (2021) Mosquitoes of the world. Vols. 1 &amp; 2. Johns Hopkins University Press, Baltimore, Maryland, 1332 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.1186 / s 13071 - 021 - 04848 - 6" type="book" year="2021">
Wilkerson
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA1A0A7EFE05FB83FE625E46" box="[454,499,1067,1091]" italics="true" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">et al</emphasis>
. 2021
</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="D6A86550BA1A0A7DFF54FBDEFE1A5F08" lastPageId="42" lastPageNumber="43" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="9E0D36DBBA1A0A7EFF54FBDEFE685F3A" blockId="41.[151,1437,1137,2028]" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA1A0A7EFF54FBDEFEDA5E8E" baseAuthorityName="Theobald" baseAuthorityYear="1901" box="[151,331,1137,1163]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Aedes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="spencerii">
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA1A0A7EFF54FBDEFEDA5E8E" box="[151,331,1137,1163]" italics="true" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">Aedes spencerii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
was described, originally as a species of
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA1A0A7EFCF0FBDEFCE55E8E" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1758" box="[819,884,1137,1163]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Culex" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA1A0A7EFCF0FBDEFCE55E8E" box="[819,884,1137,1163]" italics="true" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">Culex</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, from
<specimenCount id="88B4FD52BA1A0A7EFC05FBDEFBA75E8E" box="[966,1078,1137,1163]" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" type="adult">four adult</specimenCount>
females collected in
<collectingRegion id="5C76F839BA1A0A7EFAF2FBDEFF6A5EAA" country="Canada" name="Manitoba" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">Manitoba Province</collectingRegion>
of
<collectingCountry id="E6A5764BBA1A0A7EFEDCFB3AFEE75EAA" box="[287,374,1173,1199]" name="Canada" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">Canada</collectingCountry>
, two from Stony Mountain, the type locality based on
<typeStatus id="41098879BA1A0A7EFC12FB3AFBA95EAA" box="[977,1080,1173,1199]" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" type="lectotype">lectotype</typeStatus>
selection by Belkin (1968), and two from St. Boniface (
<bibRefCitation id="FA234B2ABA1A0A7EFE5EFB16FDC65ED6" author="Theobald, F. V." box="[413,599,1209,1235]" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" refId="ref181504" refString="Theobald, F. V. (1901 c) A monograph of the Culicidae or mosquitoes. Vol. 2. British Museum (Natural History), London, viii + 391 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 58067" type="book" year="1901">Theobald 1901c</bibRefCitation>
). Theobald provided a color illustration of the adult female in dorsal aspect (
<bibRefCitation id="FA234B2ABA1A0A7EFF5CFB72FEC75EF2" author="Theobald, F. V." box="[159,342,1245,1271]" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" refId="ref181412" refString="Theobald, F. V. (1901 a) A monograph of the Culicidae or mosquitoes. Vol. 1. British Museum (Natural History), London, xviii + 424 pp., pls. viii + I - XXXVII and A - E under separate cover. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 58067" type="book" year="1901">Theobald 1901a</bibRefCitation>
[plates]): fig. 104, pl. XXVI), which shows the pattern of dark tergal scaling typical of subspecies
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA1A0A7EFF54FAADFF6F5F1E" baseAuthorityName="Theobald" baseAuthorityYear="1901" box="[151,254,1282,1307]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Aedes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="spencerii">
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA1A0A7EFF54FAADFF6F5F1E" box="[151,254,1282,1307]" italics="true" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">spencerii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
: “Abdomen covered with creamy and white scales, with large, black-scaled patches on each side of the middle line” (
<bibRefCitation id="FA234B2ABA1A0A7EFEF2FA8AFE7D5F3A" author="Theobald, F. V." box="[305,492,1317,1343]" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" refId="ref181504" refString="Theobald, F. V. (1901 c) A monograph of the Culicidae or mosquitoes. Vol. 2. British Museum (Natural History), London, viii + 391 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 58067" type="book" year="1901">Theobald 1901c</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="9E0D36DBBA1A0A7EFF04FAE6FE3B5C86" blockId="41.[151,1437,1137,2028]" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">
Subspecies
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA1A0A7EFE8EFAE6FE545F66" baseAuthorityName="Theobald" baseAuthorityYear="1903" box="[333,453,1353,1379]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Aedes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="idahoensis">
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA1A0A7EFE8EFAE6FE545F66" box="[333,453,1353,1379]" italics="true" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">idahoensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
was originally described as a variety of
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA1A0A7EFC59FAE5FB905F66" baseAuthorityName="Theobald" baseAuthorityYear="1901" box="[922,1025,1354,1379]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Aedes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="spencerii">
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA1A0A7EFC59FAE5FB905F66" box="[922,1025,1354,1379]" italics="true" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">spencerii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
based on an unspecified number of females collected at Market Lake,
<collectingRegion id="5C76F839BA1A0A7EFDDCFAC2FDF35F82" box="[543,610,1389,1415]" country="United States of America" name="Idaho" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">Idaho</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingCountry id="E6A5764BBA1A0A7EFDADFAC2FC945F82" box="[622,773,1389,1415]" name="United States of America" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">United States</collectingCountry>
(
<bibRefCitation id="FA234B2ABA1A0A7EFCD6FAC2FC405F82" author="Theobald, F. V." box="[789,977,1389,1415]" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" refId="ref181601" refString="Theobald, F. V. (1903 a) A monograph of the Culicidae or mosquitoes. Vol. 3. British Museum (Natural History), London, xvii + 1 (errata) + 359 pp., foldout table, 17 pls. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 58067" type="book" year="1903">Theobald 1903a</bibRefCitation>
); however, Townson (1990) reported the presence of
<specimenCount id="88B4FD52BA1A0A7EFEDDFA3DFD925FAE" box="[286,515,1425,1452]" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" type="female" typeStatus="syntype">two syntype females</specimenCount>
in the collection of the Natural History Museum, London. Theobald indicated that
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA1A0A7EFF54FA1AFE9E5FCA" baseAuthorityName="Theobald" baseAuthorityYear="1903" box="[151,271,1461,1487]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Aedes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="idahoensis">
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA1A0A7EFF54FA1AFE9E5FCA" box="[151,271,1461,1487]" italics="true" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">idahoensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
only differed from the typical form in “abdominal ornamentation”, which he described as “Abdominal basal bands almost white, broad apical bands yellowish-white to white, very narrow, almost obliterated on some segments; the abdomen not pale at the sides, so that only broad basal and narrow apical pale areas are shown, the two apical segments are mostly pale scaled, and there are scattered pale scales on the others.” In contrast,
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA1A0A7EFAE7F98EFA0D5C3E" baseAuthorityName="Theobald" baseAuthorityYear="1903" box="[1316,1436,1569,1595]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Aedes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="idahoensis">
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA1A0A7EFAE7F98EFA0D5C3E" box="[1316,1436,1569,1595]" italics="true" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">idahoensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has traditionally been characterized as having dark-scaled abdominal terga with white transverse basal bands (see references listed below).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="9E0D36DBBA1A0A7DFF04F922FE045AD0" blockId="41.[151,1437,1137,2028]" lastBlockId="42.[151,1437,151,1293]" lastPageId="42" lastPageNumber="43" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">
Seven
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA1A0A7EFED0F921FED25CAD" box="[275,323,1678,1704]" italics="true" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">COI</emphasis>
sequences for
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA1A0A7EFE29F921FDED5CA2" box="[490,636,1678,1704]" italics="true" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">
Ae.
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA1A0A7EFDD6F921FDED5CA2" baseAuthorityName="Theobald" baseAuthorityYear="1901" box="[533,636,1678,1703]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Aedes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="spencerii">spencerii</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
are registered in GenBank, three from
<collectingRegion id="5C76F839BA1A0A7EFBF2F922FAAC5CA2" box="[1073,1341,1677,1703]" country="Canada" name="Saskatchewan" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">Saskatchewan Province</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingCountry id="E6A5764BBA1A0A7EFA8BF922FA0D5CA2" box="[1352,1436,1677,1703]" name="Canada" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">Canada</collectingCountry>
(KR444402, 596 bp; KR443924, 551 bp; and KR440309, 596 bp); two from
<collectingRegion id="5C76F839BA1A0A7EFC1FF91EFB235CCE" box="[988,1202,1713,1739]" country="Canada" name="Manitoba" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">Manitoba Province</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingCountry id="E6A5764BBA1A0A7EFB78F91EFA9E5CCE" box="[1211,1295,1713,1739]" name="Canada" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">Canada</collectingCountry>
(KF535006, 658 bp and KF535007, 658 bp); one from
<collectingRegion id="5C76F839BA1A0A7EFD4BF97AFC925CEA" box="[648,771,1749,1775]" country="United States of America" name="Utah" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">Utah State</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingCountry id="E6A5764BBA1A0A7EFCD2F97AFCD65CEA" box="[785,839,1749,1775]" name="United States of America" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">USA</collectingCountry>
(JX260472, 213 bp); and one from
<collectingRegion id="5C76F839BA1A0A7EFB2EF97AFAC95CEA" box="[1261,1368,1749,1775]" country="United States of America" name="Colorado" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">Colorado</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingCountry id="E6A5764BBA1A0A7EFAA5F97AFA0D5CEA" box="[1382,1436,1749,1775]" name="United States of America" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">USA</collectingCountry>
(JX259672, 658 bp). BLAST comparison of sequences revealed that two of the sequences from Saskatchewan (KR444402 and KR440309) and the sequence from
<collectingRegion id="5C76F839BA1A0A7EFD39F8B2FCF35D32" box="[762,866,1821,1847]" country="United States of America" name="Colorado" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">Colorado</collectingRegion>
(JX259672) are identical, and the 551 bp of the third sequence from Saskatchewan (KR443924) is 99.82% similar to the corresponding segments of those three sequences. Additionally, a 589-bp sequence from Saskatchewan identified as “
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA1A0A7EFBD7F8CAFB115D85" box="[1044,1152,1893,1920]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Aedes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="undetermined">
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA1A0A7EFBD7F8CAFBC65D7A" box="[1044,1111,1893,1919]" italics="true" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">Aedes</emphasis>
sp.
</taxonomicName>
BOLD-2016” is 98.13% similar. The sequence from
<collectingRegion id="5C76F839BA1A0A7EFE14F826FD9C5DA6" box="[471,525,1929,1955]" country="United States of America" name="Utah" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">Utah</collectingRegion>
(JX260472, 213 bp) was too short to obtain a meaningful comparison, and the two sequences from Manitoba were apparently obtained from misidentified specimens: KF535006 is identical with 11
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA1A0A7EFF78F87DFF7A5DE9" box="[187,235,2002,2028]" italics="true" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">COI</emphasis>
sequences of
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA1A0A7EFE4EF87DFD855DEE" box="[397,532,2001,2028]" italics="true" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">
Ae.
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA1A0A7EFE79F87EFD855DEE" baseAuthorityName="Meigen" baseAuthorityYear="1830" box="[442,532,2001,2027]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Aedes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="dorsalis">dorsalis</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
and KF535007 is 99.39% similar to a
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA1A0A7EFC13F87DFB915DE9" box="[976,1024,2002,2028]" italics="true" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">COI</emphasis>
sequence from Alberta (KP047935) identified as “
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA190A7DFEFFFF38FE3B5AB4" box="[316,426,151,177]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Culicidae</taxonomicName>
sp. BOLD:AAD7982”. No DNA sequences are available for specimens identified as subspecies
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA190A7DFED5FF14FE1F5AD0" baseAuthorityName="Theobald" baseAuthorityYear="1903" box="[278,398,187,213]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Aedes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="idahoensis">
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA190A7DFED5FF14FE1F5AD0" box="[278,398,187,213]" italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">idahoensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="9E0D36DBBA190A7DFF04FF70FCDD5864" blockId="42.[151,1437,151,1293]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">
<bibRefCitation id="FA234B2ABA190A7DFF04FF70FEC55AFC" author="Ward, R. A." box="[199,340,223,249]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" pagination="227 - 270" refId="ref184330" refString="Ward, R. A. (1984) Second supplement to &quot; A catalog of the mosquitoes of the world &quot; (Diptera: Culicidae). Mosquito Systematics, 16 (3), 227 - 270." type="journal article" year="1984">Ward (1984</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="FA234B2ABA190A7DFEA6FF70FE0F5AFC" author="Ward, R. A." box="[357,414,223,249]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" pagination="177 - 230" refId="ref184370" refString="Ward, R. A. (1992) Third supplement to &quot; A catalog of the mosquitoes of the world &quot; (Diptera: Culicidae). Mosquito Systematics, 24 (3), 177 - 230." type="journal article" year="1992">1992</bibRefCitation>
) and
<bibRefCitation id="FA234B2ABA190A7DFE24FF70FD6D5AFC" author="Wilkerson, R. C. &amp; Linton, Y. - M. &amp; Strickman, D." box="[487,764,223,249]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" refId="ref184924" refString="Wilkerson, R. C., Linton, Y. - M. &amp; Strickman, D. (2021) Mosquitoes of the world. Vols. 1 &amp; 2. Johns Hopkins University Press, Baltimore, Maryland, 1332 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.1186 / s 13071 - 021 - 04848 - 6" type="book" year="2021">
Wilkerson
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA190A7DFDA4FF70FD0F5AFC" box="[615,670,223,249]" italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">et al</emphasis>
. (2021)
</bibRefCitation>
were apparently not aware that
<bibRefCitation id="FA234B2ABA190A7DFB47FF70FAF65AFC" author="Wood, D. M. &amp; Dang, P. T. &amp; Ellis, R. A." box="[1156,1383,223,249]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" refId="ref185265" refString="Wood, D. M., Dang, P. T. &amp; Ellis, R. A. (1979) The insects and arachnids of Canada. Part 6. The mosquitoes of Canada. (Diptera: Culicidae). Canadian Government Publishing Centre, Supply and Services Canada, Hull, Quebec, 390 pp." type="book" year="1979">
Wood
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA190A7DFB11FF70FA985AFC" box="[1234,1289,223,249]" italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">et al</emphasis>
. (1979)
</bibRefCitation>
had synonymized
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA190A7DFEF5FEACFE3F5B18" baseAuthorityName="Theobald" baseAuthorityYear="1903" box="[310,430,259,285]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Aedes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="idahoensis">
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA190A7DFEF5FEACFE3F5B18" box="[310,430,259,285]" italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">idahoensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
with
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA190A7DFE30FEACFDCB5B19" baseAuthorityName="Theobald" baseAuthorityYear="1901" box="[499,602,259,284]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Aedes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="spencerii">
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA190A7DFE30FEACFDCB5B19" box="[499,602,259,284]" italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">spencerii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, with the following explanation: “The status of
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA190A7DFB4AFEACFA905B18" baseAuthorityName="Theobald" baseAuthorityYear="1903" box="[1161,1281,259,285]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Aedes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="idahoensis">
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA190A7DFB4AFEACFA905B18" box="[1161,1281,259,285]" italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">idahoensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has not been satisfactorily resolved. A few females in the Canadian National Collection have the characteristic abdominal pattern of
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA190A7DFF7AFEE4FEA05B60" baseAuthorityName="Theobald" baseAuthorityYear="1903" box="[185,305,331,357]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Aedes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="idahoensis">
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA190A7DFF7AFEE4FEA05B60" box="[185,305,331,357]" italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">idahoensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, but there are no males or larvae in the collection. According to
<bibRefCitation id="FA234B2ABA190A7DFBF7FEE4FA065B60" author="Carpenter, S. J. &amp; LaCasse, W. J." box="[1076,1431,330,357]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" refId="ref147571" refString="Carpenter, S. J. &amp; LaCasse, W. J. (1955) Mosquitoes of North America (north of Mexico). University of California Press, Berkeley, Los Angeles, London, vii + 360 pp., 127 pls." type="book" year="1955">Carpenter and LaCasse (1955)</bibRefCitation>
, larvae of
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA190A7DFEC0FEC0FEEA5B8C" baseAuthorityName="Theobald" baseAuthorityYear="1903" box="[259,379,367,393]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Aedes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="idahoensis">
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA190A7DFEC0FEC0FEEA5B8C" box="[259,379,367,393]" italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">idahoensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
have comb scales (13–29 instead of
<quantity id="594A9B3EBA190A7DFCDEFEC0FCE25B8C" box="[797,883,367,393]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.54" metricValueMax="3.302" metricValueMin="1.778" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" unit="in" value="10.0" valueMax="13.0" valueMin="7.0">7–13 in</quantity>
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA190A7DFCB8FEC0FC735B8D" baseAuthorityName="Theobald" baseAuthorityYear="1901" box="[891,994,367,392]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Aedes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="spencerii">
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA190A7DFCB8FEC0FC735B8D" box="[891,994,367,392]" italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">spencerii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
), and each scale has a less pronounced apical spine. Males of the two species were not separated.
<bibRefCitation id="FA234B2ABA190A7DFCFEFE3CFBC95BA8" author="Nielsen, L. T. &amp; Rees, D. M." box="[829,1112,402,429]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" pagination="45 - 47" refId="ref171930" refString="Nielsen, L. T. &amp; Rees, D. M. (1959) The mosquitoes of Utah - a revised list. Mosquito News, 19 (2), 45 - 47." type="journal article" year="1959">Nielsen and Rees (1959)</bibRefCitation>
found ‘almost every degree of variation’ between the typical female abdominal pattern of
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA190A7DFC99FE18FC435BD4" baseAuthorityName="Theobald" baseAuthorityYear="1903" box="[858,978,439,465]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Aedes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="idahoensis">
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA190A7DFC99FE18FC435BD4" box="[858,978,439,465]" italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">idahoensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and that of
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA190A7DFB9DFE18FB545BD5" baseAuthorityName="Theobald" baseAuthorityYear="1901" box="[1118,1221,439,464]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Aedes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="spencerii">
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA190A7DFB9DFE18FB545BD5" box="[1118,1221,439,464]" italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">spencerii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in
<collectingRegion id="5C76F839BA190A7DFB2FFE18FAB45BD4" box="[1260,1317,439,465]" country="United States of America" name="Utah" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">Utah</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingRegion id="5C76F839BA190A7DFAF1FE18FA095BD4" box="[1330,1432,439,465]" country="United States of America" name="Montana" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">Montana</collectingRegion>
, and
<collectingRegion id="5C76F839BA190A7DFF09FE74FEAD5BF0" box="[202,316,475,501]" country="United States of America" name="Wyoming" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">Wyoming</collectingRegion>
. Furthermore, they cited three other authors who described similar variations in
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA190A7DFB28FE74FAC35BF1" baseAuthorityName="Theobald" baseAuthorityYear="1901" box="[1259,1362,475,500]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Aedes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="spencerii">
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA190A7DFB28FE74FAC35BF1" box="[1259,1362,475,500]" italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">spencerii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. They concluded that
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA190A7DFE87FE50FE2D581C" baseAuthorityName="Theobald" baseAuthorityYear="1903" box="[324,444,511,537]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Aedes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="idahoensis">
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA190A7DFE87FE50FE2D581C" box="[324,444,511,537]" italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">idahoensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
was a more southerly subspecies of
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA190A7DFC98FE50FC53581D" baseAuthorityName="Theobald" baseAuthorityYear="1901" box="[859,962,511,536]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Aedes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="spencerii">
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA190A7DFC98FE50FC53581D" box="[859,962,511,536]" italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">spencerii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and that a zone of integration occurred in the three states previously mentioned. Until detailed biological or genetical studies resolve the status of
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA190A7DFADEFD8CFA045838" baseAuthorityName="Theobald" baseAuthorityYear="1903" box="[1309,1429,547,573]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Aedes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="idahoensis">
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA190A7DFADEFD8CFA045838" box="[1309,1429,547,573]" italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">idahoensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, we have no choice but to consider it a synonym of
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA190A7DFD12FDE8FCA95865" baseAuthorityName="Theobald" baseAuthorityYear="1901" box="[721,824,583,608]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Aedes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="spencerii">
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA190A7DFD12FDE8FCA95865" box="[721,824,583,608]" italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">spencerii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.”
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="9E0D36DBBA190A7DFF04FDC4FAD759A0" blockId="42.[151,1437,151,1293]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">
<bibRefCitation id="FA234B2ABA190A7DFF04FDC4FE525880" author="Darsie Jr., R. F. &amp; Ward, R. A." box="[199,451,619,645]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" pagination="1 - 313" refId="ref150692" refString="Darsie Jr., R. F. &amp; Ward, R. A. (1981) Identification and geographical distribution of the mosquitoes of North America, north of Mexico. Mosquito Systematics Supplement, 1, 1 - 313." type="journal article" year="1981">Darsie &amp; Ward (1981</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="FA234B2ABA190A7DFE11FDC5FD9D5880" author="Darsie Jr., R. F. &amp; Ward, R. A." box="[466,524,618,645]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" refId="ref150735" refString="Darsie Jr., R. F. &amp; Ward, R. A. (2005) Identification and geographical distribution of the mosquitoes of North America, north of Mexico. University Press of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, 383 pp." type="book" year="2005">2005</bibRefCitation>
) continued to recognize the two nominal forms as subspecies, stating in 1981: “Following Nielsen and Rees (338) [number of the article in the list of references cited] we recognize two subspecies under
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA190A7DFF22FD1CFE9758C8" box="[225,262,691,717]" italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">Ae.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA190A7DFED3FD1CFD9058C8" authority="(Theobald)" baseAuthorityName="Theobald" baseAuthorityYear="1901" box="[272,513,691,717]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Aedes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="spencerii">
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA190A7DFED3FD1CFEE658C9" box="[272,375,691,716]" italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">spencerii</emphasis>
(Theobald)
</taxonomicName>
, the typical subspecies which inhabits the central plains of North America, and subspecies
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA190A7DFEDAFD78FD8B58F4" authority="(Theobald)" baseAuthorityName="Theobald" baseAuthorityYear="1903" box="[281,538,727,753]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Aedes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="idahoensis">
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA190A7DFEDAFD78FE0058F4" box="[281,401,727,753]" italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">idahoensis</emphasis>
(Theobald)
</taxonomicName>
, a more westerly and northwesterly form, also reported from southern
<collectingRegion id="5C76F839BA190A7DFA93FD78FE945910" country="Canada" name="British Columbia" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">British Columbia</collectingRegion>
(135).” Based on published records, Darsie &amp; Ward showed that the distributions of the two subspecies overlap in Montana, Nebraska, North Dakota, South Dakota and Wyoming. They indicated that only
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA190A7DFAE7FCB0FA0D593C" baseAuthorityName="Theobald" baseAuthorityYear="1903" box="[1316,1436,799,825]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Aedes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="idahoensis">
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA190A7DFAE7FCB0FA0D593C" box="[1316,1436,799,825]" italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">idahoensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
was known to occur in Colorado; thus, the
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA190A7DFDBFFCECFD3D5958" box="[636,684,835,861]" italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">COI</emphasis>
sequence in GenBank (JX259672) of the specimen from Colorado identified as
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA190A7DFEE7FCC8FD8D5985" box="[292,540,871,896]" italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA190A7DFEE7FCC8FE1A5985" baseAuthorityName="Theobald" baseAuthorityYear="1901" box="[292,395,871,896]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Aedes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" sensu="stricto" species="spencerii">spencerii</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="B7F557B2BA190A7DFE53FCC8FD8D5985" box="[400,540,871,896]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" sensu="stricto">sensu stricto</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
suggests that either both subspecies occur in the state or
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA190A7DFB4BFCC8FA915984" baseAuthorityName="Theobald" baseAuthorityYear="1903" box="[1160,1280,871,897]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Aedes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="idahoensis">
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA190A7DFB4BFCC8FA915984" box="[1160,1280,871,897]" italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">idahoensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is conspecific with the typical form that occurs in
<collectingCountry id="E6A5764BBA190A7DFDEBFC24FD1159A0" box="[552,640,907,933]" name="Canada" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">Canada</collectingCountry>
. More specimens and study are needed to resolve this question.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="9E0D36DBBA190A7DFF04FC00FE1A5F08" blockId="42.[151,1437,151,1293]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">
It is interesting to note that
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA190A7DFDC5FC00FDEF59CC" baseAuthorityName="Theobald" baseAuthorityYear="1903" box="[518,638,943,969]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Aedes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="idahoensis">
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA190A7DFDC5FC00FDEF59CC" box="[518,638,943,969]" italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">idahoensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, originally described as a variety of
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA190A7DFBE0FC00FB1B59CD" baseAuthorityName="Theobald" baseAuthorityYear="1901" box="[1059,1162,943,968]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Aedes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="spencerii">
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA190A7DFBE0FC00FB1B59CD" box="[1059,1162,943,968]" italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">spencerii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, has been regarded as a distinct species (
<bibRefCitation id="FA234B2ABA190A7DFE93FC7CFDBC59E8" author="Dyar, H. G. &amp; Knab, F." box="[336,557,979,1005]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" pagination="53 - 70" refId="ref152702" refString="Dyar, H. G. &amp; Knab, F. (1908) Descriptions of some new mosquitoes from tropical America. Proceedings of the United States National Museum, 35 (1632), 53 - 70. https: // doi. org / 10.5479 / si. 00963801.35 - 1632.53" type="journal article" year="1908">Dyar &amp; Knab 1908</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="FA234B2ABA190A7DFDFAFC7CFD5359E8" author="Dyar, H. G." box="[569,706,979,1005]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" pagination="104 - 121" refId="ref152214" refString="Dyar, H. G. (1917 b) Notes on the Aedes of Montana (Diptera, Culicidae). Insecutor Inscitiae Menstruus, 5 (7 - 9), 104 - 121." type="journal article" year="1917">Dyar 1917b</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="FA234B2ABA190A7DFD0EFC7CFCD659E8" author="Dyar, H. G." box="[717,839,979,1005]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" refId="ref152545" refString="Dyar, H. G. (1928) The mosquitoes of the Americas. Publication No. 387. Carnegie Institution of Washington, Washington, D. C., 616 pp." type="book" year="1928">Dyar 1928</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="FA234B2ABA190A7DFC90FC7CFB9559E8" author="Edwards, F. W." box="[851,1028,979,1005]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" refId="ref154128" refString="Edwards, F. W. (1932 a) Genera Insectorum. Diptera, Fam. Culicidae. Fascicle 194. V. Verteneuil &amp; L. Desmet, Bruxelles [Brussels], 258 pp., 5 pls." type="book" year="1932">Edwards 1932a</bibRefCitation>
; Gjullin 1937; Rees 1943;
<bibRefCitation id="FA234B2ABA190A7DFAF2FC7CFEC05E14" author="Yamaguti, S. &amp; LaCasse, W. J." pageId="42" pageNumber="43" pagination="1 - 85" refId="ref185613" refString="Yamaguti, S. &amp; LaCasse, W. J. (1951) Mosquito fauna of North America. Part II - Genera Megarhinus, Wyeomyia, Uranotaenia and Culiseta. Office of the Surgeon, HQ, APO Japan Logistical Command, 343, i + 1 - 85." type="journal article" year="1951">Yamaguti &amp; LaCasse 1951</bibRefCitation>
d;
<bibRefCitation id="FA234B2ABA190A7DFEA8FC58FD0B5E14" author="Carpenter, S. J. &amp; LaCasse, W. J." box="[363,666,1014,1041]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" refId="ref147571" refString="Carpenter, S. J. &amp; LaCasse, W. J. (1955) Mosquitoes of North America (north of Mexico). University of California Press, Berkeley, Los Angeles, London, vii + 360 pp., 127 pls." type="book" year="1955">Carpenter &amp; LaCasse 1955</bibRefCitation>
), a synonym (
<bibRefCitation id="FA234B2ABA190A7DFCF0FC58FC3B5E14" author="Pratt, H. D." box="[819,938,1014,1041]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" pagination="4 - 10" refId="ref173690" refString="Pratt, H. D. (1956) A checklist of the mosquitoes (Culicinae) of North America (Diptera: Culicidae). Mosquito News, 16 (1), 4 - 10." type="journal article" year="1956">Pratt 1956</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="FA234B2ABA190A7DFC77FC58FBE35E14" author="Wood, D. M. &amp; Dang, P. T. &amp; Ellis, R. A." box="[948,1138,1015,1041]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" refId="ref185265" refString="Wood, D. M., Dang, P. T. &amp; Ellis, R. A. (1979) The insects and arachnids of Canada. Part 6. The mosquitoes of Canada. (Diptera: Culicidae). Canadian Government Publishing Centre, Supply and Services Canada, Hull, Quebec, 390 pp." type="book" year="1979">
Wood
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA190A7DFC3FFC58FBBD5E14" box="[1020,1068,1015,1041]" italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">et al</emphasis>
. 1979
</bibRefCitation>
) and a subspecies (
<bibRefCitation id="FA234B2ABA190A7DFA86FC58FEA45E30" author="Nielsen, L. T. &amp; Rees, D. M." pageId="42" pageNumber="43" pagination="45 - 47" refId="ref171930" refString="Nielsen, L. T. &amp; Rees, D. M. (1959) The mosquitoes of Utah - a revised list. Mosquito News, 19 (2), 45 - 47." type="journal article" year="1959">Nielsen &amp; Rees 1959</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="FA234B2ABA190A7DFE86FBB4FE5F5E30" author="Smith, M. E." box="[325,462,1051,1077]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" pagination="125 - 150" refId="ref178786" refString="Smith, M. E. (1966) Mountain mosquitoes of the Gothic, Colorado, area. American Midland Naturalist, 76 (1), 125 - 150. https: // doi. org / 10.2307 / 2423238" type="journal article" year="1966">Smith 1966</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="FA234B2ABA190A7DFE1DFBB4FDFA5E30" author="Myers, C. M." box="[478,619,1051,1077]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" pagination="795 - 806" refId="ref171339" refString="Myers, C. M. (1967) Identification and description of Aedes eggs from California and Nevada (Diptera: Culicidae). Canadian Entomologist, 99 (8), 795 - 806. https: // doi. org / 10.4039 / Ent 99795 - 8" type="journal article" year="1967">Myers 1967</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="FA234B2ABA190A7DFDB8FBB4FCE05E30" author="Darsie Jr., R. F. &amp; Ward, R. A." box="[635,881,1051,1077]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" pagination="1 - 313" refId="ref150692" refString="Darsie Jr., R. F. &amp; Ward, R. A. (1981) Identification and geographical distribution of the mosquitoes of North America, north of Mexico. Mosquito Systematics Supplement, 1, 1 - 313." type="journal article" year="1981">Darsie &amp; Ward 1981</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="FA234B2ABA190A7DFC42FBB5FC2F5E30" author="Darsie Jr., R. F. &amp; Ward, R. A." box="[897,958,1050,1077]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" refId="ref150735" refString="Darsie Jr., R. F. &amp; Ward, R. A. (2005) Identification and geographical distribution of the mosquitoes of North America, north of Mexico. University Press of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, 383 pp." type="book" year="2005">2005</bibRefCitation>
). In as much as
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA190A7DFB46FBB4FB6C5E30" baseAuthorityName="Theobald" baseAuthorityYear="1903" box="[1157,1277,1051,1077]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Aedes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="idahoensis">
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA190A7DFB46FBB4FB6C5E30" box="[1157,1277,1051,1077]" italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">idahoensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is apparently morphologically distinct in the adult and larval stages (
<bibRefCitation id="FA234B2ABA190A7DFCC0FB90FBAB5E5C" author="Carpenter, S. J. &amp; LaCasse, W. J." box="[771,1082,1086,1113]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" refId="ref147571" refString="Carpenter, S. J. &amp; LaCasse, W. J. (1955) Mosquitoes of North America (north of Mexico). University of California Press, Berkeley, Los Angeles, London, vii + 360 pp., 127 pls." type="book" year="1955">Carpenter &amp; LaCasse 1955</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="FA234B2ABA190A7DFB85FB90FAA05E5C" author="Darsie Jr., R. F. &amp; Ward, R. A." box="[1094,1329,1087,1113]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" pagination="1 - 313" refId="ref150692" refString="Darsie Jr., R. F. &amp; Ward, R. A. (1981) Identification and geographical distribution of the mosquitoes of North America, north of Mexico. Mosquito Systematics Supplement, 1, 1 - 313." type="journal article" year="1981">Darsie &amp; Ward 1981</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="FA234B2ABA190A7DFAFDFB91FAE95E5C" author="Darsie Jr., R. F. &amp; Ward, R. A." box="[1342,1400,1086,1113]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" refId="ref150735" refString="Darsie Jr., R. F. &amp; Ward, R. A. (2005) Identification and geographical distribution of the mosquitoes of North America, north of Mexico. University Press of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, 383 pp." type="book" year="2005">2005</bibRefCitation>
) in areas southward and westward of an area of overlap or a zone of introgression with
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA190A7DFBF0FBCCFB0B5E79" baseAuthorityName="Theobald" baseAuthorityYear="1901" box="[1075,1178,1123,1148]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Aedes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="spencerii">
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA190A7DFBF0FBCCFB0B5E79" box="[1075,1178,1123,1148]" italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">spencerii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in
<collectingRegion id="5C76F839BA190A7DFB78FBCCFAB05E78" box="[1211,1313,1123,1149]" country="United States of America" name="Montana" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">Montana</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingRegion id="5C76F839BA190A7DFAE8FBCCFA095E78" box="[1323,1432,1123,1149]" country="United States of America" name="Nebraska" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">Nebraska</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingRegion id="5C76F839BA190A7DFF54FB28FEA55EA4" box="[151,308,1159,1185]" country="United States of America" name="North Dakota" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">North Dakota</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingRegion id="5C76F839BA190A7DFE83FB28FE4A5EA4" box="[320,475,1159,1185]" country="United States of America" name="South Dakota" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">South Dakota</collectingRegion>
and
<collectingRegion id="5C76F839BA190A7DFDD1FB28FD125EA4" box="[530,643,1159,1185]" country="United States of America" name="Wyoming" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">Wyoming</collectingRegion>
, we believe it is prudent to recognize it as a separate species, pending a comprehensive morphological and genetic analysis of specimens from throughout the distributions of the two forms:
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA190A7DFF24FB61FCA85EED" authority="(Theobald, 1903a)" baseAuthorityName="Theobald" baseAuthorityYear="1903" box="[231,825,1230,1257]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Aedes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="idahoensis" subGenus="Ochlerotatus">
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA190A7DFF24FB61FCA85EED" bold="true" box="[231,825,1230,1257]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA190A7DFF24FB61FEBA5EEC" bold="true" box="[231,299,1230,1257]" italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">Aedes</emphasis>
(
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA190A7DFEF8FB61FE415EEC" bold="true" box="[315,464,1230,1257]" italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">Ochlerotatus</emphasis>
)
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA190A7DFE23FB61FDCA5EEC" bold="true" box="[480,603,1230,1257]" italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">idahoensis</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="FA234B2ABA190A7DFDAAFB61FCA05EED" author="Theobald, F. V." box="[617,817,1230,1256]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" refId="ref181601" refString="Theobald, F. V. (1903 a) A monograph of the Culicidae or mosquitoes. Vol. 3. British Museum (Natural History), London, xvii + 1 (errata) + 359 pp., foldout table, 17 pls. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 58067" type="book" year="1903">Theobald, 1903a</bibRefCitation>
)
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA190A7DFC84FB60FB995EEC" baseAuthorityName="Theobald" baseAuthorityYear="1903" box="[839,1032,1231,1257]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Aedes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="idahoensis">
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA190A7DFC84FB60FB995EEC" box="[839,1032,1231,1257]" italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">Aedes idahoensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is currently listed as a species in the Encyclopedia of Life.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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