478 lines
56 KiB
XML
478 lines
56 KiB
XML
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<mods:title id="2892CD1252ADDE63E76E4A8B2C316F9A">The insupportable validity of mosquito subspecies (Diptera: Culicidae) and their exclusion from culicid classification</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="21C54668E199A8512B3C49254BE85B51">Harbach, Ralph E.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="DC2A72398606CF421DFD2CB8EFBC46FB">Wilkerson, Richard C.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="C3B0C41813BFC529E76B9012AA943FE2">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="455C655C4D9AAD68E181B31CBCF59ABA">2023</mods:date>
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<treatment id="161B87CDBA060A61FF54FCC9FBEF5984" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8064184" ID-GBIF-Taxon="209700422" ID-Zenodo-Dep="8064184" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:161B87CDBA060A61FF54FCC9FBEF5984" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/161B87CDBA060A61FF54FCC9FBEF5984" lastPageId="54" lastPageNumber="55" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">
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<subSubSection id="D6A86550BA060A62FF54FCC9FDFB5985" box="[151,618,870,897]" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="9E0D36DBBA060A62FF54FCC9FDFB5985" blockId="53.[151,618,870,897]" box="[151,618,870,897]" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">
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<heading id="C54581B7BA060A62FF54FCC9FDFB5985" bold="true" box="[151,618,870,897]" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" reason="4">
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<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA060A62FF54FCC9FDFB5985" ID-CoL="89W8G" ID-ENA="2603928" authority="(Ludlow)" baseAuthorityName="Ludlow" baseAuthorityYear="1905" box="[151,618,870,897]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Aedes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="gardnerii" subGenus="Stegomyia">
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<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA060A62FF54FCC9FDFB5985" bold="true" box="[151,618,870,897]" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">
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<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA060A62FF54FCC9FF4E5984" bold="true" box="[151,223,870,897]" italics="true" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">Aedes</emphasis>
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(
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<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA060A62FF33FCC8FEFC5984" bold="true" box="[240,365,871,897]" italics="true" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">Stegomyia</emphasis>
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)
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<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA060A62FEBCFCC9FE7E5984" bold="true" box="[383,495,870,897]" italics="true" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">gardnerii</emphasis>
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(Ludlow)
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</emphasis>
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||
</taxonomicName>
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||
</heading>
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||
</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="D6A86550BA060A62FF54FC04FE2B5E3B" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="9E0D36DBBA060A62FF54FC04FBD759E7" blockId="53.[151,1437,939,1086]" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">
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subspecies
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<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA060A62FED2FC04FDB159C6" ID-CoL="89W8G" authority="(Ludlow, 1905)" baseAuthorityName="Ludlow" baseAuthorityYear="1905" box="[273,544,939,963]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Aedes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="gardnerii">
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<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA060A62FED2FC04FEE359C6" bold="true" box="[273,370,939,963]" italics="true" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">gardnerii</emphasis>
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(
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<bibRefCitation id="FA234B2ABA060A62FE45FC04FD8859C6" author="Ludlow, C. S." box="[390,537,939,963]" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" pagination="94 - 102" refId="ref166473" refString="Ludlow, C. S. (1905) Mosquito notes. - No. 3. Canadian Entomologist, 37 (3), 94 - 102 + 129 - 135. https: // doi. org / 10.4039 / Ent 3794 - 3" type="journal article" year="1905">Ludlow, 1905</bibRefCitation>
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)
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</taxonomicName>
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—original combination:
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<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA060A62FCEFFC04FB9359C6" ID-CoL="8F549" authorityName="Ludlow" authorityYear="1905" box="[812,1026,939,963]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Stegomyia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="gardnerii">
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<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA060A62FCEFFC04FB9359C6" box="[812,1026,939,963]" italics="true" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">Stegomyia gardnerii</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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. Distribution:
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<collectingCountry id="E6A5764BBA060A62FB67FC04FA8C59C6" box="[1188,1309,939,963]" name="Bangladesh" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">Bangladesh</collectingCountry>
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,
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<collectingCountry id="E6A5764BBA060A62FAEDFC04FA0859C6" box="[1326,1433,939,963]" name="Cambodia" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">Cambodia</collectingCountry>
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,
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<collectingCountry id="E6A5764BBA060A62FF04FC65FEBD59E7" box="[199,300,970,994]" name="Indonesia" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">Indonesia</collectingCountry>
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,
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<collectingCountry id="E6A5764BBA060A62FEF5FC65FE0459E7" box="[310,405,970,994]" name="Malaysia" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">Malaysia</collectingCountry>
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||
,
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||
<collectingCountry id="E6A5764BBA060A62FE63FC65FD8459E7" box="[416,533,970,994]" name="Philippines" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">Philippines</collectingCountry>
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,
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||
<collectingCountry id="E6A5764BBA060A62FDDCFC65FD1959E7" box="[543,648,970,994]" name="Singapore" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">Singapore</collectingCountry>
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||
,
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||
<collectingCountry id="E6A5764BBA060A62FD52FC65FD7F59E7" box="[657,750,970,994]" name="Thailand" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">Thailand</collectingCountry>
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||
,
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||
<collectingCountry id="E6A5764BBA060A62FD3BFC65FCDF59E7" box="[760,846,970,994]" name="Vietnam" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">Vietnam</collectingCountry>
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||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="FA234B2ABA060A62FC99FC65FBAA59E7" author="Wilkerson, R. C. & Linton, Y. - M. & Strickman, D." box="[858,1083,970,994]" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" refId="ref184924" refString="Wilkerson, R. C., Linton, Y. - M. & Strickman, D. (2021) Mosquitoes of the world. Vols. 1 & 2. Johns Hopkins University Press, Baltimore, Maryland, 1332 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.1186 / s 13071 - 021 - 04848 - 6" type="book" year="2021">
|
||
Wilkerson
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||
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA060A62FC08FC64FC6959E7" box="[971,1016,970,994]" italics="true" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">et al</emphasis>
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||
. 2021
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
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||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
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||
<paragraph id="9E0D36DBBA060A62FF54FC47FE2B5E3B" blockId="53.[151,1437,939,1086]" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">
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||
subspecies
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||
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA060A62FED3FC47FD8C5E05" ID-CoL="8BN8X" baseAuthorityName="Leicester" baseAuthorityYear="1908" box="[272,541,1000,1024]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Culex" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="imitator">
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||
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA060A62FED3FC47FEF25E05" bold="true" box="[272,355,1000,1024]" italics="true" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">imitator</emphasis>
|
||
(
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||
<bibRefCitation id="FA234B2ABA060A62FEB6FC47FD875E05" author="Leicester, G. F." box="[373,534,1000,1024]" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" pagination="18 - 261" refId="ref165205" refString="Leicester, G. F. (1908) The Culicidae of Malaya. Studies from the Institute for Medical Research, Federated Malay States, 3 (3), 18 - 261." type="journal article" year="1908">Leicester, 1908</bibRefCitation>
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||
)
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</taxonomicName>
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—original combination:
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<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA060A62FCE5FC46FC7F5E05" authorityName="Leicester" authorityYear="1908" box="[806,1006,1001,1024]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Stegomyia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="imitator">
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||
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA060A62FCE5FC46FC7F5E05" box="[806,1006,1001,1024]" italics="true" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">Stegomyia imitator</emphasis>
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||
</taxonomicName>
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||
(subspecific status by
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<bibRefCitation id="FA234B2ABA060A62FB28FC47FA005E05" author="Mattingly, P. F." box="[1259,1425,1000,1024]" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" refId="ref168870" refString="Mattingly, P. F. (1965) The culicine mosquitoes of the Indomalayan area. Part VI. Genus Aedes Meigen, subgenus Stegomyia Theobald (Groups A, B and D). British Museum (Natural History), London, 67 pp." type="book" year="1965">Mattingly 1965</bibRefCitation>
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). Distribution:
|
||
<collectingCountry id="E6A5764BBA060A62FE90FBA8FE5D5E1A" box="[339,460,1031,1055]" name="Bangladesh" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">Bangladesh</collectingCountry>
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||
,
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||
<collectingCountry id="E6A5764BBA060A62FE1AFBA8FDD55E1A" box="[473,580,1031,1055]" name="Cambodia" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">Cambodia</collectingCountry>
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||
,
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||
<collectingCountry id="E6A5764BBA060A62FD91FBA8FD185E1A" box="[594,649,1031,1055]" name="India" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">India</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
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||
<collectingCountry id="E6A5764BBA060A62FD54FBA8FD675E1A" box="[663,758,1031,1055]" name="Malaysia" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">Malaysia</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
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||
<collectingCountry id="E6A5764BBA060A62FCC7FBA8FCD25E1A" box="[772,835,1031,1055]" name="Nepal" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">Nepal</collectingCountry>
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||
,
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||
<collectingCountry id="E6A5764BBA060A62FC92FBA8FBE45E1A" box="[849,1141,1031,1055]" name="China" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">People’s Republic of China</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
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||
<collectingCountry id="E6A5764BBA060A62FB41FBA8FB5E5E1A" box="[1154,1231,1031,1055]" name="Taiwan" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">Taiwan</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="E6A5764BBA060A62FB1FFBA8FAA85E1A" box="[1244,1337,1031,1055]" name="Thailand" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">Thailand</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="E6A5764BBA060A62FA84FBA8FA0C5E1A" box="[1351,1437,1031,1055]" name="Vietnam" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">Vietnam</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="FA234B2ABA060A62FF0DFB89FE3F5E3B" author="Wilkerson, R. C. & Linton, Y. - M. & Strickman, D." box="[206,430,1062,1086]" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" refId="ref184924" refString="Wilkerson, R. C., Linton, Y. - M. & Strickman, D. (2021) Mosquitoes of the world. Vols. 1 & 2. Johns Hopkins University Press, Baltimore, Maryland, 1332 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.1186 / s 13071 - 021 - 04848 - 6" type="book" year="2021">
|
||
Wilkerson
|
||
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA060A62FEFDFB88FEFA5E3B" box="[318,363,1062,1086]" italics="true" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 2021
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="D6A86550BA060A61FF54FBC3FBEF5984" lastPageId="54" lastPageNumber="55" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph id="9E0D36DBBA060A62FF54FBC3FECD5CC3" blockId="53.[151,1437,1132,2023]" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="FA234B2ABA060A62FF54FBC3FED05E82" author="Ludlow, C. S." box="[151,321,1132,1159]" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" pagination="94 - 102" refId="ref166473" refString="Ludlow, C. S. (1905) Mosquito notes. - No. 3. Canadian Entomologist, 37 (3), 94 - 102 + 129 - 135. https: // doi. org / 10.4039 / Ent 3794 - 3" type="journal article" year="1905">Ludlow (1905)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
described the female and male of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA060A62FD0AFBC3FC3E5E83" box="[713,943,1132,1158]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Stegomyia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="gardnerii">
|
||
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA060A62FD0AFBC3FC3E5E83" box="[713,943,1132,1158]" italics="true" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">Stegomyia gardnerii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from specimens captured on the Philippine Island of Mindoro (Bulacao), but she also examined specimens from Luzon Island (Angeles, Pampanga).A
|
||
<typeStatus id="41098879BA060A62FAF5FB3FFA0C5EAF" box="[1334,1437,1168,1194]" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" type="lectotype">lectotype</typeStatus>
|
||
male was designated by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="FA234B2ABA060A62FE69FB1BFD305ECA" author="Knight, K. L. & Hull, W. B." box="[426,673,1204,1231]" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" pagination="157 - 189" refId="ref162746" refString="Knight, K. L. & Hull, W. B. (1952) The Aedes mosquitoes of the Philippine Islands. II. Subgenera Skusea, Christophersiomyia, Geoskusea, Rhinoskusea, and Stegomyia (Diptera, Culicidae). Pacific Science, 6 (2), 157 - 189. [http: // hdl. handle. net / 10125 / 8813]" type="journal article" year="1952">Knight & Hull (1952)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, who described the adults in more detail, described the fourth-instar larva and illustrated the male genitalia.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="FA234B2ABA060A62FD9BFB77FC805EF7" author="Leicester, G. F." box="[600,785,1240,1266]" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" pagination="18 - 261" refId="ref165205" refString="Leicester, G. F. (1908) The Culicidae of Malaya. Studies from the Institute for Medical Research, Federated Malay States, 3 (3), 18 - 261." type="journal article" year="1908">Leicester (1908)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
described
|
||
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA060A62FC4EFB77FBF55EF7" box="[909,1124,1240,1266]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Stegomyia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="imitator">
|
||
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA060A62FC4EFB77FBF55EF7" box="[909,1124,1240,1266]" italics="true" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">Stegomyia imitator</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from
|
||
<specimenCount id="88B4FD52BA060A62FB68FB76FAA55EF7" box="[1195,1332,1240,1267]" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" type="female">two females</specimenCount>
|
||
captured in jungle near
|
||
<collectingRegion id="5C76F839BA060A62FE82FB53FE785F12" box="[321,489,1276,1303]" country="Malaysia" name="Kuala Lumpur" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">Kuala Lumpur</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="E6A5764BBA060A62FE34FB53FDF05F13" box="[503,609,1276,1302]" name="Malaysia" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">Malaysia</collectingCountry>
|
||
. One of the females was selected as the
|
||
<typeStatus id="41098879BA060A62FBFFFB53FB325F13" box="[1084,1187,1276,1302]" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" type="lectotype">lectotype</typeStatus>
|
||
by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="FA234B2ABA060A62FB11FB53FA085F12" author="Mattingly, P. F." box="[1234,1433,1276,1303]" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" refId="ref168870" refString="Mattingly, P. F. (1965) The culicine mosquitoes of the Indomalayan area. Part VI. Genus Aedes Meigen, subgenus Stegomyia Theobald (Groups A, B and D). British Museum (Natural History), London, 67 pp." type="book" year="1965">Mattingly (1965)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
. Mattingly described and compared the adults (both sexes), pupa and fourth-instar larva of
|
||
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA060A62FB5EFA8FFA0C5F3F" box="[1181,1437,1312,1338]" italics="true" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA060A62FB5EFA8FFA975F3F" box="[1181,1286,1312,1338]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Stegomyia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" sensu="stricto" species="gardnerii">gardnerii</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="B7F557B2BA060A62FACDFA8EFA0C5F3F" box="[1294,1437,1313,1338]" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" sensu="stricto">sensu stricto</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
and subspecies
|
||
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA060A62FE84FAEAFE305F5B" box="[327,417,1349,1374]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Stegomyia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="imitator">
|
||
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA060A62FE84FAEAFE305F5B" box="[327,417,1349,1374]" italics="true" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">imitator</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and illustrated the scutal scale-pattern and hindleg of both, the midfemur and entire pupa of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA060A62FF7AFAC6FE825F87" box="[185,275,1385,1410]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Stegomyia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="imitator">
|
||
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA060A62FF7AFAC6FE825F87" box="[185,275,1385,1410]" italics="true" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">imitator</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, the head and terminal abdominal segments of the larva of the type form, and the male genitalia of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA060A62FF54FA22FF605FA3" box="[151,241,1421,1446]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Stegomyia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="imitator">
|
||
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA060A62FF54FA22FF605FA3" box="[151,241,1421,1446]" italics="true" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">imitator</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="FA234B2ABA060A62FF3CFA22FE0A5FA3" author="Huang, Y. - M." box="[255,411,1420,1447]" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" pagination="1 - 111" refId="ref160712" refString="Huang, Y. - M. (1977) Medical entomology studies - VII. The subgenus Stegomyia of Aedes in Southeast Asia. II - The edwardsi group of species. III - The w-albus group of species. (Diptera: Culicidae). Contributions of the American Entomological Institute, 14 (1), 1 - 111." type="journal article" year="1977">Huang (1977)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
provided more detailed descriptions of the male, female, pupa and larva, and illustrated the scutal and pleural scaling of both subspecies. For
|
||
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA060A62FD0EFA1FFC5D5FCF" box="[717,972,1456,1482]" italics="true" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA060A62FD0EFA1FFCA75FCF" box="[717,822,1456,1482]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Stegomyia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" sensu="stricto" species="gardnerii">gardnerii</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="B7F557B2BA060A62FCFDFA1EFC5D5FCF" box="[830,972,1457,1482]" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" sensu="stricto">sensu stricto</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
, she also illustrated the maxillary palpus and genitalia of the female, the midfemur, male genitalia, entire pupa and entire larva. It is worth noting that in available identification keys (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="FA234B2ABA060A62FE2EFA57FD325C16" author="Mattingly, P. F." box="[493,675,1528,1555]" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" refId="ref168870" refString="Mattingly, P. F. (1965) The culicine mosquitoes of the Indomalayan area. Part VI. Genus Aedes Meigen, subgenus Stegomyia Theobald (Groups A, B and D). British Museum (Natural History), London, 67 pp." type="book" year="1965">Mattingly 1965</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="FA234B2ABA060A62FD71FA56FCD25C17" author="Huang, Y. - M." box="[690,835,1528,1555]" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" pagination="1 - 111" refId="ref160712" refString="Huang, Y. - M. (1977) Medical entomology studies - VII. The subgenus Stegomyia of Aedes in Southeast Asia. II - The edwardsi group of species. III - The w-albus group of species. (Diptera: Culicidae). Contributions of the American Entomological Institute, 14 (1), 1 - 111." type="journal article" year="1977">Huang 1977</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="FA234B2ABA060A62FC91FA57FC1F5C17" author="Huang, Y. - M." box="[850,910,1528,1554]" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" pagination="1 - 79" refId="ref160775" refString="Huang, Y. - M. (1979) Medical entomology studies - XI. The subgenus Stegomyia of Aedes in the Oriental region with keys to the species (Diptera: Culicidae). Contributions of the American Entomological Institute, 15 (6), 1 - 79." type="journal article" year="1979">1979</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), the two subspecies are only distinguishable as adults based on the pattern of the scutal scaling. The scutum of the nominate form bears a pair of longitudinal, midlateral stripes of white scales that extend from the anterior margin to the antealar area. The stripes are absent in subspecies
|
||
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA060A62FED5F9CAFEE15C7B" box="[278,368,1637,1662]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Stegomyia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="imitator">
|
||
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA060A62FED5F9CAFEE15C7B" box="[278,368,1637,1662]" italics="true" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">imitator</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, which bears a large patch of white scales on the anterior margin that may be divided medially into two anterolateral patches. The two forms are included but are not distinguished in keys for the male genitalia, pupae and larvae.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="9E0D36DBBA060A62FF04F97EFD465D7F" blockId="53.[151,1437,1132,2023]" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="FA234B2ABA060A62FF04F97EFEF35CEF" author="Huang, Y. - M." box="[199,354,1744,1771]" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" pagination="1 - 111" refId="ref160712" refString="Huang, Y. - M. (1977) Medical entomology studies - VII. The subgenus Stegomyia of Aedes in Southeast Asia. II - The edwardsi group of species. III - The w-albus group of species. (Diptera: Culicidae). Contributions of the American Entomological Institute, 14 (1), 1 - 111." type="journal article" year="1977">Huang (1977)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
seems to have contradicted herself, by saying on the one hand that “Although
|
||
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA060A62FB00F97EFA0D5CEF" authority="(Leicester)" baseAuthorityName="Leicester" box="[1219,1436,1744,1770]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Stegomyia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="imitator">
|
||
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA060A62FB00F97EFA8C5CEF" box="[1219,1309,1745,1770]" italics="true" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">imitator</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<collectingRegion id="5C76F839BA060A62FAE9F97FFA055CEF" box="[1322,1428,1744,1770]" country="United Kingdom" name="Leicester" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">Leicester</collectingRegion>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
can easily be distinguished from that of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA060A62FDABF95BFCD45D0B" authority="(Ludlow)" baseAuthorityName="Ludlow" box="[616,837,1780,1806]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Stegomyia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="gardnerii">
|
||
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA060A62FDABF95BFD405D0B" box="[616,721,1780,1806]" italics="true" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">gardnerii</emphasis>
|
||
(Ludlow)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
by the scutal markings”, and on the other that “this adult external morphological character (the scutal markings) seems to be geographically variable.” We believe she intended to say that due to variation in the scutal pattern of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA060A62FC8EF892FC365D53" box="[845,935,1853,1878]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Stegomyia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="imitator">
|
||
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA060A62FC8EF892FC365D53" box="[845,935,1853,1878]" italics="true" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">imitator</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, “I have here followed
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="FA234B2ABA060A62FB78F893FAEC5D52" author="Mattingly, P. F." box="[1211,1405,1852,1879]" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" refId="ref168870" refString="Mattingly, P. F. (1965) The culicine mosquitoes of the Indomalayan area. Part VI. Genus Aedes Meigen, subgenus Stegomyia Theobald (Groups A, B and D). British Museum (Natural History), London, 67 pp." type="book" year="1965">Mattingly (1965)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
in considering
|
||
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA060A62FEE2F8CEFEEA5D7F" box="[289,379,1889,1914]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Stegomyia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="imitator">
|
||
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA060A62FEE2F8CEFEEA5D7F" box="[289,379,1889,1914]" italics="true" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">imitator</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
as a sub-species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA060A62FD99F8CFFD525D7F" box="[602,707,1888,1914]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Stegomyia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="gardnerii">
|
||
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA060A62FD99F8CFFD525D7F" box="[602,707,1888,1914]" italics="true" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">gardnerii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.”
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="9E0D36DBBA060A61FF04F82BFB0A5B18" blockId="53.[151,1437,1132,2023]" lastBlockId="54.[151,1437,151,897]" lastPageId="54" lastPageNumber="55" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="FA234B2ABA060A62FF04F82BFE575D9B" author="Wilkerson, R. C. & Linton, Y. - M. & Strickman, D." box="[199,454,1924,1951]" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" refId="ref184924" refString="Wilkerson, R. C., Linton, Y. - M. & Strickman, D. (2021) Mosquitoes of the world. Vols. 1 & 2. Johns Hopkins University Press, Baltimore, Maryland, 1332 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.1186 / s 13071 - 021 - 04848 - 6" type="book" year="2021">
|
||
Wilkerson
|
||
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA060A62FE83F82AFEFE5D9B" box="[320,367,1924,1950]" italics="true" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. (2021)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
mistakenly combined the country records for
|
||
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA060A62FC7CF82AFB885D9B" box="[959,1049,1925,1950]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Stegomyia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="imitator">
|
||
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA060A62FC7CF82AFB885D9B" box="[959,1049,1925,1950]" italics="true" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">imitator</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
with those of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA060A62FB70F82BFA8D5D9B" box="[1203,1308,1924,1950]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Stegomyia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="gardnerii">
|
||
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA060A62FB70F82BFA8D5D9B" box="[1203,1308,1924,1950]" italics="true" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">gardnerii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. In the case of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA060A62FF74F807FEB15DC7" box="[183,288,1960,1986]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Stegomyia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="gardnerii">
|
||
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA060A62FF74F807FEB15DC7" box="[183,288,1960,1986]" italics="true" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">gardnerii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, the records for
|
||
<collectingCountry id="E6A5764BBA060A62FE1DF807FDF55DC7" box="[478,612,1960,1986]" name="Bangladesh" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">Bangladesh</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="E6A5764BBA060A62FDB3F807FD775DC7" box="[624,742,1960,1986]" name="Cambodia" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">Cambodia</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="E6A5764BBA060A62FD30F807FCA85DC7" box="[755,825,1960,1986]" name="China" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">China</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="E6A5764BBA060A62FC86F807FC3F5DC7" box="[837,942,1960,1986]" name="Malaysia" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">Malaysia</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="E6A5764BBA060A62FC78F807FBBE5DC7" box="[955,1071,1960,1986]" name="Singapore" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">Singapore</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="E6A5764BBA060A62FBFFF807FB315DC7" box="[1084,1184,1960,1986]" name="Thailand" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">Thailand</collectingCountry>
|
||
and
|
||
<collectingCountry id="E6A5764BBA060A62FB1BF807FAA65DC7" box="[1240,1335,1960,1986]" name="Vietnam" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">Vietnam</collectingCountry>
|
||
apply to subspecies
|
||
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA060A62FED5F862FEE15DE3" box="[278,368,1997,2022]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Stegomyia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="imitator">
|
||
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA060A62FED5F862FEE15DE3" box="[278,368,1997,2022]" italics="true" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">imitator</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, based on the records of
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="FA234B2ABA060A62FD4AF863FCDA5DE2" author="Mattingly, P. F." box="[649,843,1996,2023]" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" refId="ref168870" refString="Mattingly, P. F. (1965) The culicine mosquitoes of the Indomalayan area. Part VI. Genus Aedes Meigen, subgenus Stegomyia Theobald (Groups A, B and D). British Museum (Natural History), London, 67 pp." type="book" year="1965">Mattingly (1965)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="FA234B2ABA060A62FC94F862FBA45DE3" author="Matsuo, K. & Yoshida, Y. & Lien, J. C." box="[855,1077,1996,2023]" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" pagination="179 - 188" refId="ref168513" refString="Matsuo, K., Yoshida, Y. & Lien, J. C. (1974) Scanning electron microscopy of mosquitoes. II. The egg surface structure of 13 species of Aedes from Taiwan. Journal of Medical Entomology, 11 (2), 179 - 188. https: // doi. org / 10.1093 / jmedent / 11.2.179" type="journal article" year="1974">
|
||
Matsuo
|
||
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA060A62FC71F862FC725DE3" box="[946,995,1996,2022]" italics="true" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. (1974
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, Taiwan),
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="FA234B2ABA060A62FB6AF862FAD65DE3" author="Huang, Y. - M." box="[1193,1351,1996,2023]" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" pagination="1 - 111" refId="ref160712" refString="Huang, Y. - M. (1977) Medical entomology studies - VII. The subgenus Stegomyia of Aedes in Southeast Asia. II - The edwardsi group of species. III - The w-albus group of species. (Diptera: Culicidae). Contributions of the American Entomological Institute, 14 (1), 1 - 111." type="journal article" year="1977">Huang (1977)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="FA234B2ABA060A61FA90F863FEF15AB4" author="Darsie Jr., R. F. & Pradhan, S. P." lastPageId="54" lastPageNumber="55" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" pagination="69 - 130" refId="ref150607" refString="Darsie Jr., R. F. & Pradhan, S. P. (1990) The mosquitoes of Nepal: their identification, distribution and biology. Mosquito Systematics, 22 (2), 69 - 130." type="journal article" year="1990">Darsie & Pradhan (1990</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="E6A5764BBA050A61FEADFF38FE245AB4" box="[366,437,151,177]" name="Nepal" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">Nepal</collectingCountry>
|
||
),
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="FA234B2ABA050A61FE08FF38FDED5AB4" author="Lu, B. & Li, B. & Ji, S. & Chen, H. & Meng, Q. & Su, L. & Qu, I. & Gong, Z. & Zhang, Z." box="[459,636,151,177]" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" refId="ref166261" refString="Lu, B., Li, B., Ji, S., Chen, H., Meng, Q., Su, L., Qu, I. Gong, Z. & Zhang, Z. (1997) Fauna Sinica, Insecta. Vol. 8. Diptera: Culicidae 1. Science Press, Beijing, xiii + 884 pp." type="book" year="1997">
|
||
Lu
|
||
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA050A61FE30FF38FDB65AB4" box="[499,551,151,177]" italics="true" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. (1997
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="E6A5764BBA050A61FD4AFF38FD415AB4" box="[649,720,151,177]" name="China" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">China</collectingCountry>
|
||
),
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="FA234B2ABA050A61FD25FF38FC545AB4" author="Jeffery, J. & Lee, R. M. L. & Tan, S. Y. & Liew, C. & Ng, L. C. & Lam-Phua, S. G." box="[742,965,151,177]" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" pagination="138 - 142" refId="ref161502" refString="Jeffery, J., Lee, R. M. L., Tan, S. Y., Liew, C., Ng, L. C. & Lam-Phua, S. G. (2010) New mosquito species records (Diptera: Culicidae) from Singapore. Tropical Biomedicine, 27 (1), 138 - 142." type="journal article" year="2010">
|
||
Jeffery
|
||
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA050A61FCFEFF38FCE05AB4" box="[829,881,151,177]" italics="true" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. (2010
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="E6A5764BBA050A61FC10FF38FBD85AB4" box="[979,1097,151,177]" name="Singapore" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">Singapore</collectingCountry>
|
||
),
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="FA234B2ABA050A61FB9DFF38FA095AB4" author="Rattanarithikul, R. & Harbach, R. E. & Harrison, B. A. & Panthusiri, P. & Coleman, R. E. & Richardson, J. H." box="[1118,1432,151,177]" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" pagination="1 - 225" refId="ref174169" refString="Rattanarithikul, R., Harbach, R. E., Harrison, B. A., Panthusiri, P., Coleman, R. E. & Richardson, J. H. (2010) Illustrated keys to the mosquitoes of Thailand. VI. Tribe Aedini. Southeast Asian Journal of Tropical Medicine and Public Health, 41 (Supplement 1), 1 - 225." type="journal article" year="2010">
|
||
Rattanarithikul
|
||
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA050A61FAD3FF38FAD55AB4" box="[1296,1348,151,177]" italics="true" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. (2010
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="E6A5764BBA050A61FF54FF14FF6E5AD0" box="[151,255,187,213]" name="Thailand" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">Thailand</collectingCountry>
|
||
),
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="FA234B2ABA050A61FED1FF14FE415AD0" author="Irish, S. R. & Al-Amin, H. M. & Alam, M. S. & Harbach, R. E." box="[274,464,187,213]" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" pagination="559" refId="ref161230" refString="Irish, S. R., Al-Amin, H. M., Alam, M. S. & Harbach, R. E. (2016) A review of the mosquito species (Diptera: Culicidae) of Bangladesh. Parasites & Vectors, 9, 559. https: // doi. org / 10.1186 / s 13071 - 016 - 1848 - z" type="journal article" year="2016">
|
||
Irish
|
||
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA050A61FE8EFF14FEEF5AD0" box="[333,382,187,213]" italics="true" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. (2016
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="E6A5764BBA050A61FE18FF14FDF35AD0" box="[475,610,187,213]" name="Bangladesh" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">Bangladesh</collectingCountry>
|
||
),
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="FA234B2ABA050A61FDB6FF14FCC75AD0" author="Bui, P. & Darsie Jr., R. F." box="[629,854,187,213]" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" pagination="187 - 193" refId="ref147292" refString="Bui, P. & Darsie Jr., R. F. (2008) Tentative checklist of the mosquitoes of Vietnam employing new classification for tribe Aedini (Diptera, Culicidae). Journal of the American Mosquito Control Association, 24 (2), 187 - 193. https: // doi. org / 10.2987 / 5665.1" type="journal article" year="2008">Bui & Darsie (2008</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="E6A5764BBA050A61FCA2FF14FC535AD0" box="[865,962,187,213]" name="Vietnam" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">Vietnam</collectingCountry>
|
||
) and
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="FA234B2ABA050A61FBC3FF14FB785AD0" author="Maquart, P. - O. & Fontenille, D. & Rahola, N. & Yean, S. & Boyer, S." box="[1024,1257,187,213]" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" pagination="60" refId="ref167708" refString="Maquart, P. - O., Fontenille, D., Rahola, N., Yean, S. & Boyer, S. (2021) Checklist of the mosquito fauna (Diptera, Culicidae) of Cambodia. Parasite, 28, 60. https: // doi. org / 10.1051 / parasite / 2021056" type="journal article" year="2021">
|
||
Maquart
|
||
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA050A61FBA6FF14FB065AD0" box="[1125,1175,187,213]" italics="true" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. (2021
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="E6A5764BBA050A61FB37FF14FAFC5AD0" box="[1268,1389,187,213]" name="Cambodia" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">Cambodia</collectingCountry>
|
||
). As indicated by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="FA234B2ABA050A61FEEFFF70FE5C5AFC" author="Huang, Y. - M." box="[300,461,223,249]" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" pagination="1 - 111" refId="ref160712" refString="Huang, Y. - M. (1977) Medical entomology studies - VII. The subgenus Stegomyia of Aedes in Southeast Asia. II - The edwardsi group of species. III - The w-albus group of species. (Diptera: Culicidae). Contributions of the American Entomological Institute, 14 (1), 1 - 111." type="journal article" year="1977">Huang (1977)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, the nominate subspecies “is apparently confined to the Eastern part of Indomalayan area… presently known from the
|
||
<collectingCountry id="E6A5764BBA050A61FDD3FEACFD005B18" box="[528,657,259,285]" name="Philippines" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">Philippines</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="5C76F839BA050A61FD5FFEACFD715B18" box="[668,736,259,285]" country="Malaysia" name="Sabah" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">Sabah</collectingRegion>
|
||
[
|
||
<collectingCountry id="E6A5764BBA050A61FD2DFEACFCCC5B18" box="[750,861,259,285]" name="Malaysia" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">Malaysia</collectingCountry>
|
||
], Sulawesi and Alor Island.”
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="9E0D36DBBA050A61FF04FE88FB0E5BD4" blockId="54.[151,1437,151,897]" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">
|
||
Two partial sequences of the cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (
|
||
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA050A61FC55FE88FC575B44" box="[918,966,295,321]" italics="true" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">COI</emphasis>
|
||
) gene are registered in GenBank for
|
||
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA050A61FABBFE88FA0C5B44" box="[1400,1437,295,321]" italics="true" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">Ae.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA050A61FF54FEE4FE265B60" authority=": Accession MW" authorityName="Accession MW" box="[151,439,331,357]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Stegomyia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="gardnerii">
|
||
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA050A61FF54FEE4FE915B60" box="[151,256,331,357]" italics="true" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">gardnerii</emphasis>
|
||
:Accession MW
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
321943 (667 bp),
|
||
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA050A61FDBAFEE4FC9D5B60" box="[633,780,331,357]" italics="true" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">
|
||
Ae.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA050A61FD60FEE4FC9D5B60" box="[675,780,331,357]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Stegomyia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="gardnerii">gardnerii</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="E6A5764BBA050A61FC8FFEE4FC2F5B60" box="[844,958,331,357]" name="Singapore" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">Singapore</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="FA234B2ABA050A61FC0AFEE4FBE15B60" author="Yeo, H. & Yeoh, T. X. & Ding, H. & Lee, T. T. M. & Puniamoorthy, N." box="[969,1136,331,357]" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" pagination="2087 - 2100" refId="ref185710" refString="Yeo, H., Yeoh, T. X., Ding, H., Lee, T. T. M. & Puniamoorthy, N. (2021) Morphology and mini-barcodes: The inclusion of larval sampling and NGS-based barcoding improves robustness of ecological analyses of mosquito communities. Journal of Applied Ecology, 58 (10), 2087 - 2100. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / 1365 - 2664.13966" type="journal article" year="2021">
|
||
Yeo
|
||
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA050A61FC3FFEE4FBBA5B60" box="[1020,1067,331,357]" italics="true" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 2021
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) and accession MK654753 (661 bp),
|
||
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA050A61FECAFEC0FD925B8D" box="[265,515,367,393]" italics="true" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">
|
||
Ae.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA050A61FEF4FEC0FE315B8C" box="[311,416,367,393]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Stegomyia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="gardnerii">gardnerii</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA050A61FE6AFEC0FD925B8D" box="[425,515,367,392]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Stegomyia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="imitator">imitator</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="E6A5764BBA050A61FD8FFEC0FD215B8C" box="[588,688,367,393]" name="Thailand" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">Thailand</collectingCountry>
|
||
(P. Somboon). A BLAST search revealed that the two sequences are identical. Obviously, the sequence from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="E6A5764BBA050A61FD52FE3CFC925BA8" box="[657,771,403,429]" name="Singapore" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">Singapore</collectingCountry>
|
||
is derived from a specimen of subspecies
|
||
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA050A61FB2EFE3CFAD65BA9" box="[1261,1351,403,428]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Stegomyia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="imitator">
|
||
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA050A61FB2EFE3CFAD65BA9" box="[1261,1351,403,428]" italics="true" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">imitator</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, which concurs with the recorded occurrence of this form in the island country (Jeffrey
|
||
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA050A61FBD4FE18FBD95BD4" box="[1047,1096,439,465]" italics="true" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 2010).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="9E0D36DBBA050A61FF04FE74FC9A58AC" blockId="54.[151,1437,151,897]" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">
|
||
Although the male genitalia, larva and pupa of
|
||
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA050A61FCC8FE74FB855BF1" box="[779,1044,475,501]" italics="true" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA050A61FCC8FE74FCE55BF0" box="[779,884,475,501]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Stegomyia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" sensu="stricto" species="gardnerii">gardnerii</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="B7F557B2BA050A61FC42FE74FB855BF1" box="[897,1044,475,500]" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" sensu="stricto">sensu stricto</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
and subspecies
|
||
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA050A61FB1FFE74FAA75BF1" box="[1244,1334,475,500]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Stegomyia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="imitator">
|
||
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA050A61FB1FFE74FAA75BF1" box="[1244,1334,475,500]" italics="true" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">imitator</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
may be indistinguishable, the fact they exhibit distinct and constant differences in the pattern of white scales on the scutum and have separate distributions is a clear indication that they are probably separate species. We believe this is likely to be proven when
|
||
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA050A61FEAFFDE8FE0D5864" box="[364,412,583,609]" italics="true" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">COI</emphasis>
|
||
sequences become available for the nominate form. Therefore, it seems prudent to formally reinstate
|
||
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA050A61FEC3FDC4FECB5881" box="[256,346,619,644]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Stegomyia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="imitator">
|
||
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA050A61FEC3FDC4FECB5881" box="[256,346,619,644]" italics="true" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">imitator</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
to its original specific status:
|
||
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA050A61FD78FDC5FB595881" authority="(Leicester, 1908)" baseAuthorityName="Leicester" baseAuthorityYear="1908" box="[699,1224,618,645]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Aedes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="imitator" subGenus="Stegomyia">
|
||
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA050A61FD78FDC5FB595881" bold="true" box="[699,1224,618,645]" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">
|
||
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA050A61FD78FDC5FD6E5880" bold="true" box="[699,767,618,645]" italics="true" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">Aedes</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA050A61FCD1FDC4FC1B5880" bold="true" box="[786,906,619,645]" italics="true" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">Stegomyia</emphasis>
|
||
)
|
||
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA050A61FC5EFDC4FC685880" bold="true" box="[925,1017,619,645]" italics="true" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">imitator</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="FA234B2ABA050A61FBC9FDC5FB515881" author="Leicester, G. F." box="[1034,1216,618,644]" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" pagination="18 - 261" refId="ref165205" refString="Leicester, G. F. (1908) The Culicidae of Malaya. Studies from the Institute for Medical Research, Federated Malay States, 3 (3), 18 - 261." type="journal article" year="1908">
|
||
<collectingRegion id="5C76F839BA050A61FBC9FDC5FBE95881" box="[1034,1144,618,644]" country="United Kingdom" name="Leicester" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">Leicester</collectingRegion>
|
||
, 1908
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA050A61FB1AFDC4FA115881" baseAuthorityName="Leicester" baseAuthorityYear="1908" box="[1241,1408,619,645]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Aedes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="imitator">
|
||
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA050A61FB1AFDC4FA115881" box="[1241,1408,619,645]" italics="true" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">Aedes imitator</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is currently listed as a species in the Encyclopedia of Life.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="9E0D36DBBA050A61FF04FD1CFBEF5984" blockId="54.[151,1437,151,897]" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">
|
||
Four nominal species originally described as species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA050A61FCE0FD1CFBD958C8" authority="Theobald, 1901" authorityName="Theobald" authorityYear="1901" box="[803,1096,691,717]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Stegomyia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA050A61FCE0FD1CFC0958C8" box="[803,920,691,717]" italics="true" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">Stegomyia</emphasis>
|
||
Theobald, 1901
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(in
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="FA234B2ABA050A61FBB3FD1CFA9658C8" author="Howard, L. O." box="[1136,1287,691,717]" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" refId="ref160388" refString="Howard, L. O. (1901) Mosquitoes: how they live; how they carry disease; how they are classified; how they may be destroyed. McClure, Phillips & Co., New York, New York, xv + 241 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 30512" type="book" year="1901">Howard 1901</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) are regarded as synonyms of
|
||
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA050A61FE92FD78FE4958F5" box="[337,472,727,753]" italics="true" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">
|
||
Ae.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA050A61FEBDFD78FE4958F5" baseAuthorityName="Leicester" baseAuthorityYear="1908" box="[382,472,727,752]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Aedes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="imitator">imitator</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
:
|
||
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA050A61FE2AFD78FD2558F4" box="[489,692,727,753]" italics="true" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">argenteomaculata</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="FA234B2ABA050A61FD78FD78FCFC58F4" author="Theobald, F. V." box="[699,877,727,753]" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" refId="ref182007" refString="Theobald, F. V. (1907) A monograph of the Culicidae or mosquitoes. Vol. 4. British Museum (Natural History), London, xix + 639 pp., 16 pls. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 58067" type="book" year="1907">Theobald, 1907</bibRefCitation>
|
||
(Narcondam Island; synonymy by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="FA234B2ABA050A61FAC3FD78FA1E58F4" author="Huang, Y. - M." box="[1280,1423,727,753]" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" pagination="1 - 111" refId="ref160712" refString="Huang, Y. - M. (1977) Medical entomology studies - VII. The subgenus Stegomyia of Aedes in Southeast Asia. II - The edwardsi group of species. III - The w-albus group of species. (Diptera: Culicidae). Contributions of the American Entomological Institute, 14 (1), 1 - 111." type="journal article" year="1977">Huang 1977</bibRefCitation>
|
||
);
|
||
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA050A61FF54FD54FE825910" box="[151,275,763,789]" italics="true" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">christianus</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="FA234B2ABA050A61FED9FD54FE355910" author="Dyar, H. G." box="[282,420,763,789]" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" pagination="147 - 148" refId="ref152437" refString="Dyar, H. G. (1921 b) Two new mosquitoes from China (Diptera, Culicidae). Insecutor Inscitiae Menstruus, 9 (7 - 9), 147 - 148." type="journal article" year="1921">Dyar, 1921b</bibRefCitation>
|
||
(
|
||
<collectingCountry id="E6A5764BBA050A61FE71FD54FE6B5910" box="[434,506,763,789]" name="China" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">China</collectingCountry>
|
||
; synonymy by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="FA234B2ABA050A61FD61FD54FCC35910" author="Mattingly, P. F." box="[674,850,762,789]" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" refId="ref168870" refString="Mattingly, P. F. (1965) The culicine mosquitoes of the Indomalayan area. Part VI. Genus Aedes Meigen, subgenus Stegomyia Theobald (Groups A, B and D). British Museum (Natural History), London, 67 pp." type="book" year="1965">Mattingly 1965</bibRefCitation>
|
||
);
|
||
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA050A61FCA5FD54FC7C5911" box="[870,1005,763,788]" italics="true" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">minutissima</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="FA234B2ABA050A61FC30FD54FB335910" author="Theobald, F. V." box="[1011,1186,763,789]" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" refId="ref182172" refString="Theobald, F. V. (1910) A monograph of the Culicidae or mosquitoes. Vol. 5. British Museum (Natural History), London, xiv + (1) + 646 pp., 6 pls. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 58067" type="book" year="1910">Theobald, 1910</bibRefCitation>
|
||
a (
|
||
<collectingCountry id="E6A5764BBA050A61FB7FFD54FB6B5910" box="[1212,1274,763,789]" name="India" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">India</collectingCountry>
|
||
; synonymy by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="FA234B2ABA050A61FF54FCB0FEB4593C" author="Huang, Y. - M." box="[151,293,799,825]" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" pagination="1 - 111" refId="ref160712" refString="Huang, Y. - M. (1977) Medical entomology studies - VII. The subgenus Stegomyia of Aedes in Southeast Asia. II - The edwardsi group of species. III - The w-albus group of species. (Diptera: Culicidae). Contributions of the American Entomological Institute, 14 (1), 1 - 111." type="journal article" year="1977">Huang 1977</bibRefCitation>
|
||
); and
|
||
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA050A61FEAAFCB0FE62593C" box="[361,499,799,825]" italics="true" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">indosinensis</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="FA234B2ABA050A61FE39FCB0FDEF593C" author="Borel, E." box="[506,638,799,825]" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" pagination="75 - 106" refId="ref145966" refString="Borel, E. (1928) Les moustiques de la Cochinchine et du Sud-Annam (Suite). Archives des Instituts Pasteur d'Indochine, 7, 75 - 106, 8 pls." type="journal article" year="1928">Borel, 1928</bibRefCitation>
|
||
(Indochina; synonymy by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="FA234B2ABA050A61FC6FFCB0FBAB593C" author="Huang, Y. - M." box="[940,1082,799,825]" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" pagination="1 - 111" refId="ref160712" refString="Huang, Y. - M. (1977) Medical entomology studies - VII. The subgenus Stegomyia of Aedes in Southeast Asia. II - The edwardsi group of species. III - The w-albus group of species. (Diptera: Culicidae). Contributions of the American Entomological Institute, 14 (1), 1 - 111." type="journal article" year="1977">Huang 1977</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). These nominal species should remain in synonymy with
|
||
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA050A61FE05FCECFDDF5959" box="[454,590,835,861]" italics="true" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">
|
||
Ae.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA050A61FE37FCECFDDF5959" baseAuthorityName="Leicester" baseAuthorityYear="1908" box="[500,590,835,860]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Aedes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="imitator">imitator</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
; however, it is possible that
|
||
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA050A61FC58FCECFBF75958" box="[923,1126,835,861]" italics="true" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">argenteomaculata</emphasis>
|
||
could be a distinct species because it is described from a remote island outside the continental range of
|
||
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA050A61FC32FCC8FBE75985" box="[1009,1142,871,897]" italics="true" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">
|
||
Ae.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA050A61FBDFFCC8FBE75985" baseAuthorityName="Leicester" baseAuthorityYear="1908" box="[1052,1142,871,896]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Aedes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="imitator">imitator</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |