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<mods:title>The Carpomyini Fruit Flies Diptera: Tephritidae Of Europe Caucasus And Middle East: New Records Of Pests With Improved Keys</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart>Korneyev, V. A.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart>Mishustin, R. I.</mods:namePart>
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<taxonomicName authority="Cresson, 1929" authorityName="Cresson" authorityYear="1929" box="[166,580,933,960]" class="Insecta" family="Tephritidae" genus="Rhagoletis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="465" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="completa">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[166,409,933,960]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="465">Rhagoletis completa</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation author="Cresson, E. T., Jr." box="[415,580,933,960]" pageId="12" pageNumber="465" pagination="401 - 414" refId="ref10851" refString="Cresson, E. T., Jr. 1929. A revision of the North American species of fruit flies of the genus Rhagoletis (Diptera: Trypetidae). Transactions of the American Entomological Society (Philadelphia), 55, 401 - 414." type="journal article" year="1929">Cresson, 1929</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
(
<figureCitation box="[594,659,933,960]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="7.[168,201,1294,1316]" captionTargetBox="[260,1139,174,1270]" captionTargetId="figure-178@7.[246,1153,147,1270]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="Fig. 5. Rhagoletis spp. mesonotums (1–8), dorsal view, and head (2), lateral view: 1 — R. completa; 2 — R. bagheera; 3 — R. berberidis; 4 — R. cerasi; 5 — R. flavicincta; 6 — R. flavigenualis; 7 — R. obsoleta, Myhiia; 8 — R. sp. near obsoleta, Mt. Hermon." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6454441" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6454441/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="465">figs 5</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation box="[671,685,933,959]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="2.[166,199,880,902]" captionTargetBox="[242,1149,183,859]" captionTargetId="figure-456@2.[242,1149,174,867]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="Fig. 1. Carpomyini. 1–2 — Carpomya pardalina, Kherson (1 — freshly emerged male; 2 — infested melon with holes in skin (cyan arrows) prepared by larvae for emerging of adults); 3 — Rhagoletis meigenii on Berberis fruit, Berlin; 4 — R. cerasi on Lonicera fruit, Kyiv, Grishko Botanical Gardens. Photos by R. I. Mishustin (1–2) and V. A. Korneyev (3–4)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6454433" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6454433/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="465">
<emphasis box="[671,685,933,959]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="465">1</emphasis>
</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation box="[698,714,933,960]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="10.[166,199,1222,1244]" captionTargetBox="[247,1140,178,1160]" captionTargetId="figure-217@10.[242,1149,168,1174]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="Fig. 7. Rhagoletis spp. wings: 1 — R. obsoleta, Myhiia; 2 — R. sp. near obsoleta, Mt. Hermon; 3 — R. completa;" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6454443" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6454443/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="465">7</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation box="[726,740,933,959]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="4.[174,207,1018,1040]" captionTargetBox="[221,1187,173,993]" captionTargetId="figure-14@4.[203,1187,144,994]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="Fig. 3. Carpomya spp. mesonotums, dorsal view: 1 — C. (Goniglossum) wiedemanni; 2 — C. (G.) liat; 3 — C. (Myiopardalis) pardalina; 4 — C. (s. str.) incompleta; 5 — C. (s. str.) schineri." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6454437" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6454437/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="465">
<emphasis box="[726,740,933,959]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="465">3</emphasis>
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)
</heading>
</paragraph>
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<treatmentCitation author="Cresson, E. T., Jr." box="[166,649,991,1013]" page="412" pageId="12" pageNumber="465" year="1929">
<taxonomicName authority="Cresson, 1929: 412" authorityName="Cresson" authorityPageNumber="412" authorityYear="1929" box="[166,649,991,1013]" class="Insecta" family="Tephritidae" genus="Rhagoletis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="465" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="suavis" subSpecies="completa">
<emphasis box="[166,327,991,1013]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="465">Rhagoletis suavis</emphasis>
ssp. 
<emphasis box="[374,460,991,1012]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="465">completa</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation author="Cresson, E. T., Jr." box="[466,649,991,1013]" pageId="12" pageNumber="465" pagination="401 - 414" refId="ref10851" refString="Cresson, E. T., Jr. 1929. A revision of the North American species of fruit flies of the genus Rhagoletis (Diptera: Trypetidae). Transactions of the American Entomological Society (Philadelphia), 55, 401 - 414." type="journal article" year="1929">Cresson, 1929: 412</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</treatmentCitation>
; 
<treatmentCitation author="Bush, G. L." box="[658,1010,991,1013]" page="488" pageId="12" pageNumber="465" year="1966">
<taxonomicName authority=": Bush, 1966: 488" authorityName=": Bush" authorityPageNumber="488" authorityYear="1966" box="[658,1010,991,1013]" class="Insecta" family="Tephritidae" genus="Rhagoletis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="465" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="completa">
<emphasis box="[658,847,991,1012]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="465">Rhagoletis completa</emphasis>
: 
<bibRefCitation author="Bush, G. L." box="[857,1010,991,1013]" pageId="12" pageNumber="465" pagination="431 - 562" refId="ref10736" refString="Bush, G. L. 1966. The taxonomy, cytology and evolution of the genus Rhagoletis in North America. Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology, 134, 431 - 562." type="journal article" year="1966">Bush, 1966: 488</bibRefCitation>
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; 
<treatmentCitation author="Merz, B." box="[1020,1164,991,1013]" page="56" pageId="12" pageNumber="465" year="1991">
<bibRefCitation author="Merz, B." box="[1020,1164,991,1013]" pageId="12" pageNumber="465" pagination="55 - 57" refId="ref12400" refString="Merz, B. 1991. Rhagoletis completa Cresson und Rhagoletis indifferens Curran, zwei wirtschaftlich bedeutende nordamerikanische nordamerikanische Fruchtfliegen neu fur Europa. Mitteilungen der Schweizerischen Entomologischen Gesellschaft, 64, 55 - 57." type="journal article" year="1991">Merz, 1991: 56</bibRefCitation>
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; 
<treatmentCitation author="Merz, B." page="109" pageId="12" pageNumber="465" year="1994">
<bibRefCitation author="Merz, B." pageId="12" pageNumber="465" pagination="1 - 198" refId="ref12436" refString="Merz, B. 1994. Diptera: Tephritidae. Insecta Helvetica Fauna. HGE Press, Geneva, 10, 1 - 198." type="journal article" year="1994">1994: 109</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
; 
<treatmentCitation author="White, I. M. &amp; Elson-Harris, M. M." box="[212,528,1019,1041]" page="359" pageId="12" pageNumber="465" year="1992">
<bibRefCitation author="White, I. M. &amp; Elson-Harris, M. M." box="[212,528,1019,1041]" pageId="12" pageNumber="465" pagination="1 - 601" refId="ref13413" refString="White, I. M. &amp; Elson-Harris, M. M. 1992. Fruit flies of economic significance: their identification and bionomics. International Institute of Entomology, London. i - xii + 1 - 601." type="book chapter" year="1992">White &amp; Elson-Harris, 1992: 359</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
; 
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<bibRefCitation author="Norrbom, A. L. &amp; Carroll, L. E. &amp; Thompson, F. C. &amp; White, I. M. &amp; Freidberg, A." box="[538,785,1019,1041]" pageId="12" pageNumber="465" pagination="65 - 299" refId="ref12744" refString="Norrbom, A. L., Carroll, L. E., Thompson, F. C., White, I. M., Freidberg, A. 1999. Systematic Database of Names. In: Thompson, F. C., ed. Fruit Fly Expert Identification System and Systematic Information Database. Backhuis Publishers, Leiden, 65 - 299." type="book chapter" year="1999">Norrbom et al., 1999: 200</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
; 
<treatmentCitation author="Verheggen, F. &amp; Verhaeghe, A. &amp; Giordanengo, P. &amp; Tassus, X. &amp; Escobar-Gutierrez, A." box="[793,1029,1019,1041]" page="1" pageId="12" pageNumber="465" year="2017">
<bibRefCitation author="Verheggen, F. &amp; Verhaeghe, A. &amp; Giordanengo, P. &amp; Tassus, X. &amp; Escobar-Gutierrez, A." box="[793,1029,1019,1041]" pageId="12" pageNumber="465" pagination="1 - 7" refId="ref13352" refString="Verheggen, F., Verhaeghe, A., Giordanengo, P., Tassus, X., Escobar-Gutierrez, A. 2017. Walnut husk fly, Rhagoletis completa (Diptera: Tephritidae), invades Europe: invasion potential and control strategies. Applied Entomology and Zoology, 52 (1), 1 - 7." type="journal article" year="2017">Verheggen et al., 2017: 1</bibRefCitation>
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.
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</paragraph>
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<subSubSection pageId="12" pageNumber="465" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph blockId="12.[166,1225,1072,1150]" pageId="12" pageNumber="465">
<materialsCitation collectingDate="1982-10-17" collectingDateMax="1989-08-05" collectingDateMin="1982-10-17" collectionCode="SIZK" collectorName="W. J. Turner &amp; No European" country="United States of America" county="Asotin Co." determinerName="J. Jenkins" location="Clarckston" pageId="12" pageNumber="465" specimenCount="4" specimenCount-female="4" stateProvince="Washington">
Material. 
<emphasis bold="true" box="[336,383,1073,1095]" pageId="12" pageNumber="465">
<collectingCountry box="[336,383,1073,1095]" name="United States of America" pageId="12" pageNumber="465">USA</collectingCountry>
</emphasis>
: 
<collectingRegion box="[393,515,1073,1095]" country="United States of America" name="Washington" pageId="12" pageNumber="465">Washington</collectingRegion>
: 
<collectingCounty box="[523,630,1073,1095]" pageId="12" pageNumber="465">Asotin Co.</collectingCounty>
, 
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:110D2B023542FFE2FF718FDA56F8D12C:9C7BCCCF3542FFE2FDA9884E57ECD306" box="[638,745,1073,1095]" country="United States of America" county="Asotin Co." name="Clarckston" pageId="12" pageNumber="465" stateProvince="Washington">Clarckston</location>
, ex 
<taxonomicName box="[782,904,1073,1095]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Juglandaceae" genus="Juglans" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="12" pageNumber="465" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="regia">
<emphasis box="[782,904,1073,1095]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="465">Juglans regia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<date box="[915,1020,1073,1095]" pageId="12" pageNumber="465" value="1982-10-17">
<collectingDate box="[915,1020,1073,1095]" pageId="12" pageNumber="465" value="1982-10-17">17.10.1982</collectingDate>
</date>
, 1 Ơ, 
<date box="[1072,1177,1073,1095]" pageId="12" pageNumber="465" value="1983-10-17">
<collectingDate box="[1072,1177,1073,1095]" pageId="12" pageNumber="465" value="1983-10-17">17.10.1983</collectingDate>
</date>
, 1 Ơ, 
<specimenCount box="[166,198,1099,1123]" pageId="12" pageNumber="465" type="female">2 ♀</specimenCount>
, 
<date box="[210,315,1101,1123]" pageId="12" pageNumber="465" value="1988-10-30">
<collectingDate box="[210,315,1101,1123]" pageId="12" pageNumber="465" value="1988-10-30">30.10.1988</collectingDate>
</date>
, exit 
<date box="[364,458,1101,1123]" pageId="12" pageNumber="465" value="1989-08-05">
<collectingDate box="[364,458,1101,1123]" pageId="12" pageNumber="465" value="1989-08-05">5.08.1989</collectingDate>
</date>
, 
<specimenCount box="[467,499,1099,1123]" pageId="12" pageNumber="465" type="female">2 ♀</specimenCount>
(
<collectorName box="[512,636,1101,1123]" pageId="12" pageNumber="465">W. J. Turner</collectorName>
) (det. 
<determinerName box="[698,790,1101,1123]" pageId="12" pageNumber="465">J. Jenkins</determinerName>
) (
<collectionCode box="[809,865,1101,1123]" country="Ukraine" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/c442-9tdv" name="Schmaulhausen Institute of Zoology" pageId="12" pageNumber="465">SIZK</collectionCode>
). 
<collectorName box="[880,1009,1101,1123]" pageId="12" pageNumber="465">No European</collectorName>
material was available during this study
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="12.[166,1225,1188,1645]" pageId="12" pageNumber="465">
Distribution. 
<collectingCountry box="[446,535,1188,1215]" name="Austria" pageId="12" pageNumber="465">Austria</collectingCountry>
, 
<collectingCountry box="[556,645,1188,1215]" name="Croatia" pageId="12" pageNumber="465">Croatia</collectingCountry>
, 
<collectingCountry box="[668,750,1188,1215]" name="France" pageId="12" pageNumber="465">France</collectingCountry>
, 
<collectingCountry box="[771,875,1188,1215]" name="Hungary" pageId="12" pageNumber="465">Hungary</collectingCountry>
, 
<collectingCountry box="[897,1007,1188,1215]" name="Germany" pageId="12" pageNumber="465">Germany</collectingCountry>
, 
<collectingCountry box="[1030,1131,1188,1215]" name="Slovenia" pageId="12" pageNumber="465">Slovenia</collectingCountry>
, 
<collectingCountry box="[1152,1220,1188,1215]" name="Spain" pageId="12" pageNumber="465">Spain</collectingCountry>
, 
<collectingCountry box="[166,303,1224,1251]" name="Switzerland" pageId="12" pageNumber="465">Switzerland</collectingCountry>
(
<bibRefCitation author="Verheggen, F. &amp; Verhaeghe, A. &amp; Giordanengo, P. &amp; Tassus, X. &amp; Escobar-Gutierrez, A." box="[318,581,1224,1251]" pageId="12" pageNumber="465" pagination="1 - 7" refId="ref13352" refString="Verheggen, F., Verhaeghe, A., Giordanengo, P., Tassus, X., Escobar-Gutierrez, A. 2017. Walnut husk fly, Rhagoletis completa (Diptera: Tephritidae), invades Europe: invasion potential and control strategies. Applied Entomology and Zoology, 52 (1), 1 - 7." type="journal article" year="2017">Verheggen et al., 2017</bibRefCitation>
); 
<collectingCountry box="[600,692,1224,1251]" name="Canada" pageId="12" pageNumber="465">Canada</collectingCountry>
, 
<collectingCountry box="[703,762,1224,1251]" name="United States of America" pageId="12" pageNumber="465">USA</collectingCountry>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="12.[166,1225,1188,1645]" pageId="12" pageNumber="465">
Ho s t pl ant s. 
<taxonomicName box="[415,563,1259,1285]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Juglandaceae" genus="Juglans" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="12" pageNumber="465" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="nigra">
<emphasis box="[415,563,1259,1285]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="465">Juglans nigra</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
L., 
<taxonomicName authority="Berl." authorityName="Berl." box="[603,817,1259,1286]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Juglandaceae" genus="Juglans" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="12" pageNumber="465" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="microcarpa">
<emphasis box="[603,754,1260,1285]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="465">J. microcarpa</emphasis>
Berl.
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName authority="Manning" authorityName="Manning" box="[826,1043,1259,1286]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Juglandaceae" genus="Juglans" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="12" pageNumber="465" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="hirsuta">
<emphasis box="[826,928,1259,1285]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="465">J. hirsuta</emphasis>
Manning
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName authority="(Torr.) Heller." authorityName="Heller." baseAuthorityName="Torr." class="Magnoliopsida" family="Juglandaceae" genus="Juglans" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="12" pageNumber="465" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="major">
<emphasis box="[1053,1143,1260,1285]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="465">J. major</emphasis>
(Torr.) Heller.
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName box="[257,335,1296,1321]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Juglandaceae" genus="Juglans" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="12" pageNumber="465" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="regia">
<emphasis box="[257,335,1296,1321]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="465">J. regia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
L., 
<taxonomicName authority="S. Watson" authorityName="S. Watson" box="[378,645,1295,1322]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Juglandaceae" genus="Juglans" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="12" pageNumber="465" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="californica">
<emphasis box="[378,520,1295,1321]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="465">J. californica</emphasis>
S. Watson
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName authority="Rehd." authorityName="Rehd." box="[656,823,1295,1322]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Juglandaceae" genus="Juglans" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="12" pageNumber="465" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="hindii">
<emphasis box="[656,746,1295,1321]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="465">J. hindii</emphasis>
Rehd.
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName box="[834,912,1296,1321]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Juglandaceae" genus="Juglans" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="12" pageNumber="465" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="regia">
<emphasis box="[834,912,1296,1321]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="465">J. regia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
L. (
<bibRefCitation author="Smith, J. J. &amp; Bush, G. L." box="[956,1196,1295,1322]" pageId="12" pageNumber="465" pagination="187 - 217" refId="ref13206" refString="Smith, J. J., Bush, G. L. 1999. Phylogeny of the subtribe Carpomyina (Trypetinae), emphasizing relationships of the genu Rhagoletis. In: Aluja, M., Norrbom, A. L., eds. Fruit flies (Tephritidae): Phylogeny and evolution of behavior. CRC Press, London, 187 - 217." type="book chapter" year="1999">Smith &amp; Bush, 1999</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="12.[166,1225,1188,1645]" pageId="12" pageNumber="465">
Remarks. According to 
<bibRefCitation author="Verheggen, F. &amp; Verhaeghe, A. &amp; Giordanengo, P. &amp; Tassus, X. &amp; Escobar-Gutierrez, A." box="[543,818,1331,1358]" pageId="12" pageNumber="465" pagination="1 - 7" refId="ref13352" refString="Verheggen, F., Verhaeghe, A., Giordanengo, P., Tassus, X., Escobar-Gutierrez, A. 2017. Walnut husk fly, Rhagoletis completa (Diptera: Tephritidae), invades Europe: invasion potential and control strategies. Applied Entomology and Zoology, 52 (1), 1 - 7." type="journal article" year="2017">Verheggen et al. (2017)</bibRefCitation>
, invasive European populations of the walnut husk fly initially were recorded from 
<collectingCountry box="[749,886,1367,1394]" name="Switzerland" pageId="12" pageNumber="465">Switzerland</collectingCountry>
and 
<collectingCountry box="[949,1001,1367,1394]" name="Italy" pageId="12" pageNumber="465">Italy</collectingCountry>
(1988–1991). This species has subsequently established in least seven additional countries in Europe, but still has not reached the limits of its potential distribution, mainly by natural adult dissemination and adult hitchhiker behavior, and, to a lesser extent, transportation of larvae in fresh fruits. When the fly is uncontrolled, 100% of walnut trees can be infested, and losses in walnut yields may be up to 80 %. Under phytosanitary control, the negative effect can be reduced to less than 10% yield loss. There is a strong need for 
<taxonomicName authorityName=": Bush" authorityYear="1966" box="[752,886,1582,1608]" class="Insecta" family="Tephritidae" genus="Rhagoletis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="465" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="completa">
<emphasis box="[752,886,1582,1608]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="465">R. completa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
monitoring across European countries. In 
<collectingCountry box="[321,419,1618,1645]" name="Ukraine" pageId="12" pageNumber="465">Ukraine</collectingCountry>
, it is expected to invade the Transcarpatian Region.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>