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<document id="2D1B2E5F09FE26216022B5C2E82035C5" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.5031.1.1" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5454380" ID-ZooBank="CC3A59D1-E09E-407E-93F4-4796FD3D7C19" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1630656413037" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Ugalde, Diana, Fernandez, Julio C. C., Gómez, Patricia, Lôbo-Hajdu, Gisele &amp; Simões, Nuno" docDate="2021" docId="110587B34D45485EFF53FB7B48D835E1" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.5031.1.1.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 5031 (1)" docSource="http://zoobank.org/cc3a59d1-e09e-407e-93f4-4796fd3d7c19" docStyle="DocumentStyle:5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3.14:Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleId="5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleVersion="14" docTitle="Cinachyrella apion" docType="treatment" docVersion="3" lastPageNumber="79" masterDocId="ED3CFFCB4D0B4811FFC4FFF74B713518" masterDocTitle="An update on the diversity of marine sponges in the southern Gulf of Mexico coral reefs" masterLastPageNumber="112" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="79" updateTime="1699281874622" updateUser="plazi">
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<mods:title id="3CC030EC85D758879E0A140E11B473E0">An update on the diversity of marine sponges in the southern Gulf of Mexico coral reefs</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="0C682D181934E134C2D01AB68AE2B169">Ugalde, Diana</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="14018FE097A2520EA8A52D2CBB46D0D5">Fernandez, Julio C. C.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="517EA71FCE1BE65CF9ADA9D94A24789B">Gómez, Patricia</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="ADF45A34C710921BCFFB1DED81E168A9">Lôbo-Hajdu, Gisele</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="88DE2E7A9B9D503B40469DA7F6F669C9">Simões, Nuno</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="E3DA562667FFBACE03CC214F1D136125">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:number id="750CEE631FCD0B4A14FD8B3D1212A7AB">5031</mods:number>
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<treatment id="110587B34D45485EFF53FB7B48D835E1" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:110587B34D45485EFF53FB7B48D835E1" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/110587B34D45485EFF53FB7B48D835E1" lastPageId="79" lastPageNumber="79" pageId="78" pageNumber="79">
<subSubSection id="D1B6652E4D45485FFF53FB7B4A9731D3" pageId="78" pageNumber="79" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="991336A54D45485FFF53FB7B493331BE" blockId="78.[151,578,1164,1227]" box="[151,578,1164,1191]" pageId="78" pageNumber="79">
<heading id="C25B81C94D45485FFF53FB7B493331BE" bold="true" box="[151,578,1164,1191]" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="78" pageNumber="79" reason="4">
<taxonomicName id="5EAC4D264D45485FFF53FB7B493331BE" ID-CoL="VCPL" authority="(Uliczka, 1929)" baseAuthorityName="Uliczka" baseAuthorityYear="1929" box="[151,578,1164,1191]" class="Demospongiae" family="Tetillidae" genus="Cinachyrella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Tetractinellida" pageId="78" pageNumber="79" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="apion">
<emphasis id="ABD8EAB74D45485FFF53FB7B493331BE" bold="true" box="[151,578,1164,1191]" pageId="78" pageNumber="79">
<emphasis id="ABD8EAB74D45485FFF53FB7B4A0E31BE" bold="true" box="[151,383,1164,1191]" italics="true" pageId="78" pageNumber="79">Cinachyrella apion</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="FD3D4B544D45485FFE4BFB7B494B31BE" author="Uliczka, E." box="[399,570,1164,1190]" pageId="78" pageNumber="79" pagination="35 - 62" refId="ref82606" refString="Uliczka, E. (1929) Die tetraxonen Schwamme Westindiens (auf Grund der Ergebnisse der Reise Kukenthal-Hartmeyer). In: Kukenthal, W. &amp; Hartmeyer, R. (Eds.), Ergebnisse einer zoologischen Forschungsreise nach Westindien. Zoologische Jahrbucher. Abteilung fur Systematik, Geographie und Biologie der Thiere, Supplement 16, pp. 35 - 62." type="journal article" year="1929">Uliczka, 1929</bibRefCitation>
)
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="991336A54D45485FFF53FB474A9731D3" blockId="78.[151,578,1164,1227]" box="[151,486,1200,1227]" pageId="78" pageNumber="79">
<tableCitation id="D42E031E4D45485FFF53FB474B8631D2" box="[151,247,1200,1226]" captionStart="TABLE 6" captionStartId="93.[151,239,460,486]" captionText="TABLE 6. List of sponge species (Porifera, Demospongiae) recorded in this survey and their distribution in the coral reefs of the study area; * new record for the southern Gulf of Mexico, ** new records for the Gulf of Mexico. 1. Hornos Reef, 2. Isla de Enmedio Reef, 3. Isla Verde Reef, 4. Cabezo Reef, 5. Triangulo Este Reef, 6. Triangulo Oeste Reef, 7. Banco Nuevo Reef, 8. Banco Obispo Norte Reef, 9. Banco Obispo Sur Reef, 10. Banco Pera Reef, 11. Cayo Nuevo Reef, 12. Cayo Arcas Reef, 13. Cayo Arenas Reef, 14. Sisal Reef, 15. Chelem Lagoon, 16. Alacranes Reef, 17. Bajos del Norte Reef." pageId="78" pageNumber="79">Tables 6</tableCitation>
,
<tableCitation id="D42E031E4D45485FFEC7FB464A6231D3" box="[259,275,1201,1227]" captionStart="TABLE 7" captionStartId="96.[151,239,466,492]" captionText="TABLE 7. Compiled list of species recorded historically in the southern Gulf of Mexico (Mexico’s Exclusive Economic Zone within the Gulf of Mexico) arranged in alphabeti-" pageId="78" pageNumber="79">7</tableCitation>
;
<figureCitation id="01972A204D45485FFEE4FB474ADC31D3" box="[288,429,1200,1227]" captionStart="FIGURE 72" captionStartId="79.[151,250,825,849]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,273,802]" captionTargetId="figure-73@79.[151,1435,273,802]" captionTargetPageId="79" captionText="FIGURE 72. Cinachyrella apion (Uliczka, 1929) (CNPGG-2189), skeleton and spicules: A. transversal section of the skeleton; B. oxeas and Protriaenes I, arrows pointing to the protriaenes; C. anatriaene, arrows pointing to sigmaspires; D. Protriaene I, the arrow pointing to sigmaspires; E. Protriaene II, the arrow pointing to a sigmaspire; F. raphides. Scale bars: A–B = 500 µm; C = 25 µm; D = 50 µm; E = 20 µm; F = 50 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5454524" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5454524/files/figure.png" pageId="78" pageNumber="79">Figs. 72A–F</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="01972A204D45485FFE73FB464A9731D3" box="[439,486,1201,1227]" captionStart="FIGURE 79" captionStartId="85.[151,250,1468,1492]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,309,1445]" captionTargetId="figure-76@85.[151,1435,309,1445]" captionTargetPageId="85" captionText="FIGURE 79. In situ photographs of species analyzed in the present study: A. Erylus formosus Sollas, 1886 (CNPGG-2202); B. Cinanchyrella apion (Uliczka, 1929) (CNPGG-2189); C. Cinanchyrella kuekenthali (Uliczka, 1929) (CNPGG-2190); D. Igernella notabilis (Duchassaing &amp; Michelotti, 1864) (CNPGG-2234); E. Dysidea etheria de Laubenfels, 1936 (CNPGG-2199); F. Ircinia strobilina (Lamarck, 1816) (not collected) G. Ircinia strobilina (Lamarck, 1816) (CNPGG-2263); H. Hyattella cavernosa (Pallas, 1766) (CNPGG-2260); I. Spongia (S.) obscura Hyatt, 1877 (CNPGG-2177). Scale bars, A–H = 1 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5454538" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5454538/files/figure.png" pageId="78" pageNumber="79">79B</figureCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="D1B6652E4D45485FFF53FB0F4A9B3043" pageId="78" pageNumber="79" type="description">
<paragraph id="991336A54D45485FFF53FB0F4A9B3043" blockId="78.[151,1437,1272,2019]" pageId="78" pageNumber="79">
<emphasis id="ABD8EAB74D45485FFF53FB0F4A6E300A" bold="true" box="[151,287,1272,1298]" pageId="78" pageNumber="79">Synonymy:</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="5EAC4D264D45485FFEE2FB0F49B5300B" authority="Uliczka (1929: 43)" authorityName="Uliczka" authorityPageNumber="43" authorityYear="1929" box="[294,708,1272,1299]" class="Demospongiae" family="Tetillidae" genus="Cinachyra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Tetractinellida" pageId="78" pageNumber="79" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="apion">
<emphasis id="ABD8EAB74D45485FFEE2FB0F4A95300A" box="[294,484,1272,1298]" italics="true" pageId="78" pageNumber="79">Cinachyra apion</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="FD3D4B544D45485FFE28FB0F49B5300B" author="Uliczka, E." box="[492,708,1272,1299]" pageId="78" pageNumber="79" pagination="35 - 62" refId="ref82606" refString="Uliczka, E. (1929) Die tetraxonen Schwamme Westindiens (auf Grund der Ergebnisse der Reise Kukenthal-Hartmeyer). In: Kukenthal, W. &amp; Hartmeyer, R. (Eds.), Ergebnisse einer zoologischen Forschungsreise nach Westindien. Zoologische Jahrbucher. Abteilung fur Systematik, Geographie und Biologie der Thiere, Supplement 16, pp. 35 - 62." type="journal article" year="1929">Uliczka (1929: 43)</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, and
<bibRefCitation id="FD3D4B544D45485FFCC4FB0F4F53300B" author="Muricy, G. &amp; Lopes, D. A. &amp; Hajdu, E. &amp; Carvalho, M. D. S. &amp; Moraes, F. C. &amp; Klautau, M. &amp; Menegola, C. &amp; Pinheiro, U." box="[768,1058,1272,1299]" pageId="78" pageNumber="79" refId="ref79280" refString="Muricy, G., Lopes, D. A., Hajdu, E., Carvalho, M. D. S., Moraes, F. C., Klautau, M., Menegola, C. &amp; Pinheiro, U. (2011) Catalogue of Brazilian Porifera. Serie livros 46. Museu Nacional, Rio de Janeiro, 300 pp." type="book" year="2011">
Muricy
<emphasis id="ABD8EAB74D45485FFC9FFB0E48E5300A" box="[859,916,1272,1298]" italics="true" pageId="78" pageNumber="79">et al.</emphasis>
(2011: 168)
</bibRefCitation>
;
<taxonomicName id="5EAC4D264D45485FFBEAFB0F4E52300A" authorityName="Uliczka" authorityYear="1929" box="[1070,1315,1272,1298]" class="Demospongiae" family="Tetillidae" genus="Cinachyra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Tetractinellida" pageId="78" pageNumber="79" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="rhizophyta">
<emphasis id="ABD8EAB74D45485FFBEAFB0F4E52300A" box="[1070,1315,1272,1298]" italics="true" pageId="78" pageNumber="79">Cinachyra rhizophyta</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
: see references compiled in
<bibRefCitation id="FD3D4B544D45485FFEA3FAEB49F3302F" author="Muricy, G. &amp; Lopes, D. A. &amp; Hajdu, E. &amp; Carvalho, M. D. S. &amp; Moraes, F. C. &amp; Klautau, M. &amp; Menegola, C. &amp; Pinheiro, U." box="[359,642,1308,1335]" pageId="78" pageNumber="79" refId="ref79280" refString="Muricy, G., Lopes, D. A., Hajdu, E., Carvalho, M. D. S., Moraes, F. C., Klautau, M., Menegola, C. &amp; Pinheiro, U. (2011) Catalogue of Brazilian Porifera. Serie livros 46. Museu Nacional, Rio de Janeiro, 300 pp." type="book" year="2011">
Muricy
<emphasis id="ABD8EAB74D45485FFE7BFAEA4A86302E" box="[447,503,1308,1334]" italics="true" pageId="78" pageNumber="79">et al.</emphasis>
(2011: 168)
</bibRefCitation>
;
<taxonomicName id="5EAC4D264D45485FFD49FAEB4F03302F" authority=": Hajdu et al. (2011: 63)" authorityName="Hajdu" authorityPageNumber="63" authorityYear="2011" box="[653,1138,1308,1335]" class="Demospongiae" family="Tetillidae" genus="Cinachyrella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Tetractinellida" pageId="78" pageNumber="79" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="apion">
<emphasis id="ABD8EAB74D45485FFD49FAEB4814302E" box="[653,869,1308,1334]" italics="true" pageId="78" pageNumber="79">Cinachyrella apion</emphasis>
:
<bibRefCitation id="FD3D4B544D45485FFCB7FAEB4F03302F" author="Hajdu, E. &amp; Peixinho, S. &amp; Fernandez, J. C." box="[883,1138,1308,1335]" pageId="78" pageNumber="79" refId="ref76682" refString="Hajdu, E., Peixinho, S. &amp; Fernandez, J. C. (2011) Esponjas marinhas da Bahia: guia de campo e laboratorio. Museu Nacional / UFRJ, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, 276 pp." type="book" year="2011">
Hajdu
<emphasis id="ABD8EAB74D45485FFC7AFAEA4884302E" box="[958,1013,1308,1334]" italics="true" pageId="78" pageNumber="79">et al.</emphasis>
(2011: 63)
</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
,
<bibRefCitation id="FD3D4B544D45485FFBB9FAEB4EE9302F" author="Muricy, G. &amp; Lopes, D. A. &amp; Hajdu, E. &amp; Carvalho, M. D. S. &amp; Moraes, F. C. &amp; Klautau, M. &amp; Menegola, C. &amp; Pinheiro, U." box="[1149,1432,1308,1335]" pageId="78" pageNumber="79" refId="ref79280" refString="Muricy, G., Lopes, D. A., Hajdu, E., Carvalho, M. D. S., Moraes, F. C., Klautau, M., Menegola, C. &amp; Pinheiro, U. (2011) Catalogue of Brazilian Porifera. Serie livros 46. Museu Nacional, Rio de Janeiro, 300 pp." type="book" year="2011">
Muricy
<emphasis id="ABD8EAB74D45485FFB12FAEA4E7C302E" box="[1238,1293,1308,1334]" italics="true" pageId="78" pageNumber="79">et al.</emphasis>
(2011: 168)
</bibRefCitation>
, and
<bibRefCitation id="FD3D4B544D45485FFF03FAB74A943043" author="Rutzler, K. &amp; Soest, R. W. M. Van &amp; Piantoni, C." box="[199,485,1344,1371]" pageId="78" pageNumber="79" pagination="285 - 313" refId="ref80876" refString="Rutzler, K., Soest, R. W. M. Van &amp; Piantoni, C. (2009) Sponges (Porifera) of the Gulf of Mexico. In: Felder, D. L. &amp; Camp, D. K. (Eds.), Gulf of Mexico Origin, Waters, and Biota. Texas A &amp; M Press, College Station, Texas, pp. 285 - 313." type="book chapter" year="2009">
Rützler
<emphasis id="ABD8EAB74D45485FFEE4FAB64A293042" box="[288,344,1344,1370]" italics="true" pageId="78" pageNumber="79">et al.</emphasis>
(2009: 295)
</bibRefCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="D1B6652E4D45485FFF03FA924ADE30DF" pageId="78" pageNumber="79" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="991336A54D45485FFF03FA9249323066" blockId="78.[151,1437,1272,2019]" box="[199,579,1380,1407]" pageId="78" pageNumber="79">
<materialsCitation id="29C43CF84D45485FFF03FA92494E3066" box="[199,575,1380,1407]" country="Virgin Islands" location="The" pageId="78" pageNumber="79" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="holotype">
<emphasis id="ABD8EAB74D45485FFF03FA924A173066" bold="true" box="[199,358,1380,1407]" pageId="78" pageNumber="79">
<typeStatus id="461788074D45485FFF03FA924A733067" box="[199,258,1381,1407]" pageId="78" pageNumber="79">Type</typeStatus>
locality.
</emphasis>
<location id="9C73607E4D45485FFEA8FA934AE93066" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:110587B34D45485EFF53FB7B48D835E1:9C73607E4D45485FFEA8FA934AE93066" box="[364,408,1380,1406]" country="Virgin Islands" name="The" pageId="78" pageNumber="79">The</location>
<collectingCountry id="E1BB76354D45485FFE5AFA93494E3066" box="[414,575,1380,1406]" name="Virgin Islands" pageId="78" pageNumber="79">Virgin Islands</collectingCountry>
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="991336A54D45485FFF03FA7F4ADE30DF" blockId="78.[151,1437,1272,2019]" pageId="78" pageNumber="79">
<emphasis id="ABD8EAB74D45485FFF03FA7F4AC530BA" bold="true" box="[199,436,1416,1442]" pageId="78" pageNumber="79">Material examined.</emphasis>
<materialsCitation id="29C43CF84D45485FFE7AFA7E4ADA30DF" collectingDate="2018-08-19" collectorName="Diana Ugalde" elevation="5" latitude="20.20512" location="Arcas" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-91.96305" pageId="78" pageNumber="79" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Cayo">
CNPGG-2189,
<collectingRegion id="5B68F8474D45485FFDB4FA7E49DA30BB" box="[624,683,1417,1443]" country="Belize" name="Cayo" pageId="78" pageNumber="79">Cayo</collectingRegion>
<location id="9C73607E4D45485FFD77FA7E498530BB" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:110587B34D45485EFF53FB7B48D835E1:9C73607E4D45485FFD77FA7E498530BB" box="[691,756,1417,1443]" latitude="20.20512" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-91.96305" name="Arcas" pageId="78" pageNumber="79" stateProvince="Cayo">Arcas</location>
reef (
<geoCoordinate id="FC9850624D45485FFCF9FA7F48B830BB" box="[829,969,1416,1443]" degrees="20.20512" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="78" pageNumber="79" precision="1" value="20.20512">20.20512°N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="FC9850624D45485FFC1CFA7F4F1A30BB" box="[984,1131,1416,1443]" degrees="91.96305" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="78" pageNumber="79" precision="1" value="-91.96305">91.96305°W</geoCoordinate>
),
<elevation id="1281D1964D45485FFB45FA7F4E6130BA" box="[1153,1296,1416,1443]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="78" pageNumber="79" unit="m" value="0.5">
<quantity id="5E549B404D45485FFB45FA7F4FB430BB" box="[1153,1221,1416,1443]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="78" pageNumber="79" unit="m" value="0.5">0.5 m</quantity>
depth
</elevation>
, coll.
<collectorName id="345953734D45485FFA9DFA7F4B9A30DE" pageId="78" pageNumber="79">Diana Ugalde</collectorName>
,
<date id="ED1210654D45485FFF32FA5A4ADA30DF" box="[246,427,1453,1479]" pageId="78" pageNumber="79" value="2018-08-19">
<collectingDate id="FD56E98D4D45485FFF32FA5A4ADA30DF" box="[246,427,1453,1479]" pageId="78" pageNumber="79" value="2018-08-19">19 August 2018</collectingDate>
</date>
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="D1B6652E4D45485FFF03FA274E7E324B" pageId="78" pageNumber="79" type="description">
<paragraph id="991336A54D45485FFF03FA274978332A" blockId="78.[151,1437,1272,2019]" pageId="78" pageNumber="79">
<emphasis id="ABD8EAB74D45485FFF03FA274A2830F2" bold="true" box="[199,345,1488,1514]" pageId="78" pageNumber="79">Description.</emphasis>
Spherical habit (
<figureCitation id="01972A204D45485FFDDAFA2749F630F3" box="[542,647,1488,1515]" captionStart="FIGURE 79" captionStartId="85.[151,250,1468,1492]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,309,1445]" captionTargetId="figure-76@85.[151,1435,309,1445]" captionTargetPageId="85" captionText="FIGURE 79. In situ photographs of species analyzed in the present study: A. Erylus formosus Sollas, 1886 (CNPGG-2202); B. Cinanchyrella apion (Uliczka, 1929) (CNPGG-2189); C. Cinanchyrella kuekenthali (Uliczka, 1929) (CNPGG-2190); D. Igernella notabilis (Duchassaing &amp; Michelotti, 1864) (CNPGG-2234); E. Dysidea etheria de Laubenfels, 1936 (CNPGG-2199); F. Ircinia strobilina (Lamarck, 1816) (not collected) G. Ircinia strobilina (Lamarck, 1816) (CNPGG-2263); H. Hyattella cavernosa (Pallas, 1766) (CNPGG-2260); I. Spongia (S.) obscura Hyatt, 1877 (CNPGG-2177). Scale bars, A–H = 1 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5454538" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5454538/files/figure.png" pageId="78" pageNumber="79">Fig. 79B</figureCitation>
); the overall size is
<quantity id="5E549B404D45485FFCB4FA2648D830F3" box="[880,937,1489,1515]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="78" pageNumber="79" unit="cm" value="2.0">2 cm</quantity>
in diameter by
<quantity id="5E549B404D45485FFBA6FA274FC130F3" box="[1122,1200,1488,1515]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" pageId="78" pageNumber="79" unit="cm" value="1.5">1.5 cm</quantity>
high. The surface is hispid with two large lateral porocalices,
<quantity id="5E549B404D45485FFDA8FA0349C83317" box="[620,697,1524,1551]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.0" pageId="78" pageNumber="79" unit="cm" value="0.6">0.6 cm</quantity>
in diameter. Yellow color
<emphasis id="ABD8EAB74D45485FFC22FA024F423316" box="[998,1075,1525,1550]" italics="true" pageId="78" pageNumber="79">in vivo</emphasis>
and beige preserved in ethanol. The consistency is compressible.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="991336A54D45485FFF03F9CB4FB93362" blockId="78.[151,1437,1272,2019]" pageId="78" pageNumber="79">
<emphasis id="ABD8EAB74D45485FFF03F9CB4A44334E" bold="true" box="[199,309,1596,1622]" pageId="78" pageNumber="79">Skeleton.</emphasis>
Compact radial skeleton formed by tracts of oxeas (
<figureCitation id="01972A204D45485FFCB1F9CB48AC334F" box="[885,989,1596,1623]" captionStart="FIGURE 72" captionStartId="79.[151,250,825,849]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,273,802]" captionTargetId="figure-73@79.[151,1435,273,802]" captionTargetPageId="79" captionText="FIGURE 72. Cinachyrella apion (Uliczka, 1929) (CNPGG-2189), skeleton and spicules: A. transversal section of the skeleton; B. oxeas and Protriaenes I, arrows pointing to the protriaenes; C. anatriaene, arrows pointing to sigmaspires; D. Protriaene I, the arrow pointing to sigmaspires; E. Protriaene II, the arrow pointing to a sigmaspire; F. raphides. Scale bars: A–B = 500 µm; C = 25 µm; D = 50 µm; E = 20 µm; F = 50 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5454524" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5454524/files/figure.png" pageId="78" pageNumber="79">Fig. 72A</figureCitation>
). Cladomes of triaenes that reinforce the main tracts of oxeas protruding outside the surface. Sigmaspires throughout the whole skeleton.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="991336A54D45485FFF03F9734E7E324B" blockId="78.[151,1437,1272,2019]" pageId="78" pageNumber="79">
<emphasis id="ABD8EAB74D45485FFF03F9734A413386" bold="true" box="[199,304,1668,1694]" pageId="78" pageNumber="79">Spicules.</emphasis>
Megascleres: Oxeas, straight, fusiform, and smooth (
<figureCitation id="01972A204D45485FFC4FF97348823387" box="[907,1011,1668,1695]" captionStart="FIGURE 72" captionStartId="79.[151,250,825,849]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,273,802]" captionTargetId="figure-73@79.[151,1435,273,802]" captionTargetPageId="79" captionText="FIGURE 72. Cinachyrella apion (Uliczka, 1929) (CNPGG-2189), skeleton and spicules: A. transversal section of the skeleton; B. oxeas and Protriaenes I, arrows pointing to the protriaenes; C. anatriaene, arrows pointing to sigmaspires; D. Protriaene I, the arrow pointing to sigmaspires; E. Protriaene II, the arrow pointing to a sigmaspire; F. raphides. Scale bars: A–B = 500 µm; C = 25 µm; D = 50 µm; E = 20 µm; F = 50 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5454524" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5454524/files/figure.png" pageId="78" pageNumber="79">Fig. 72B</figureCitation>
); 1800–
<emphasis id="ABD8EAB74D45485FFB89F9724FEB3387" box="[1101,1178,1669,1695]" italics="true" pageId="78" pageNumber="79">2039.7</emphasis>
(348.9)–2440/19–
<emphasis id="ABD8EAB74D45485FFAAFF9724EED3387" box="[1387,1436,1669,1695]" italics="true" pageId="78" pageNumber="79">23.3</emphasis>
(6.7)–31 µm. Two categories of protriaenes: Protriaenes I (
<figureCitation id="01972A204D45485FFCF2F95F48D833DB" box="[822,937,1704,1731]" captionStart="FIGURE 72" captionStartId="79.[151,250,825,849]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,273,802]" captionTargetId="figure-73@79.[151,1435,273,802]" captionTargetPageId="79" captionText="FIGURE 72. Cinachyrella apion (Uliczka, 1929) (CNPGG-2189), skeleton and spicules: A. transversal section of the skeleton; B. oxeas and Protriaenes I, arrows pointing to the protriaenes; C. anatriaene, arrows pointing to sigmaspires; D. Protriaene I, the arrow pointing to sigmaspires; E. Protriaene II, the arrow pointing to a sigmaspire; F. raphides. Scale bars: A–B = 500 µm; C = 25 µm; D = 50 µm; E = 20 µm; F = 50 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5454524" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5454524/files/figure.png" pageId="78" pageNumber="79">Figs. 72B</figureCitation>
–
<figureCitation id="01972A204D45485FFC7EF95E48B233DB" box="[954,963,1705,1731]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="7.[151,250,1527,1551]" captionTargetBox="[157,1430,569,1500]" captionTargetId="figure-175@7.[151,1436,561,1504]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 1. Map of sampling localities explored in this study in the southern Gulf of Mexico. The localities include 16 coral reefs from Veracruz to Campeche Bank and one station in the Chelem lagoon in Yucatan Peninsula." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5454382" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5454382/files/figure.png" pageId="78" pageNumber="79">1</figureCitation>
, D), the only rhabdome is broken (length was not measured); 5–
<emphasis id="ABD8EAB74D45485FFE58F93B4ACE33FE" box="[412,447,1740,1766]" italics="true" pageId="78" pageNumber="79">6.4</emphasis>
(1.7)–8.3 µm thickness of rhabdome. Clads; 75.7–
<emphasis id="ABD8EAB74D45485FFBC8F93A4F3A33FF" box="[1036,1099,1741,1767]" italics="true" pageId="78" pageNumber="79">102.4</emphasis>
(27.2)–130/3.8–
<emphasis id="ABD8EAB74D45485FFACDF93A4E5D33FF" box="[1289,1324,1741,1767]" italics="true" pageId="78" pageNumber="79">4.5</emphasis>
(1.1)–5.8 µm. Protriaene II (
<figureCitation id="01972A204D45485FFEAEF9074A983213" box="[362,489,1776,1803]" captionStart="FIGURE 72" captionStartId="79.[151,250,825,849]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,273,802]" captionTargetId="figure-73@79.[151,1435,273,802]" captionTargetPageId="79" captionText="FIGURE 72. Cinachyrella apion (Uliczka, 1929) (CNPGG-2189), skeleton and spicules: A. transversal section of the skeleton; B. oxeas and Protriaenes I, arrows pointing to the protriaenes; C. anatriaene, arrows pointing to sigmaspires; D. Protriaene I, the arrow pointing to sigmaspires; E. Protriaene II, the arrow pointing to a sigmaspire; F. raphides. Scale bars: A–B = 500 µm; C = 25 µm; D = 50 µm; E = 20 µm; F = 50 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5454524" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5454524/files/figure.png" pageId="78" pageNumber="79">Fig. 72E, n</figureCitation>
= 1), one rhabdome broken (length was not measured); 1.6 µm thick. Clads; 39/1.6 µm. Anatriaene (
<figureCitation id="01972A204D45485FFE92F8E34AA93237" box="[342,472,1812,1839]" captionStart="FIGURE 72" captionStartId="79.[151,250,825,849]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,273,802]" captionTargetId="figure-73@79.[151,1435,273,802]" captionTargetPageId="79" captionText="FIGURE 72. Cinachyrella apion (Uliczka, 1929) (CNPGG-2189), skeleton and spicules: A. transversal section of the skeleton; B. oxeas and Protriaenes I, arrows pointing to the protriaenes; C. anatriaene, arrows pointing to sigmaspires; D. Protriaene I, the arrow pointing to sigmaspires; E. Protriaene II, the arrow pointing to a sigmaspire; F. raphides. Scale bars: A–B = 500 µm; C = 25 µm; D = 50 µm; E = 20 µm; F = 50 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5454524" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5454524/files/figure.png" pageId="78" pageNumber="79">Fig. 72C, n</figureCitation>
= 1), rhabdome is broken (length was not measured); 5.9 µm thick. Clads; 12/7 µm. Microscleres: Sigmaspires (
<figureCitation id="01972A204D45485FFE0BF8CF49F0324B" box="[463,641,1848,1875]" captionStart="FIGURE 72" captionStartId="79.[151,250,825,849]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,273,802]" captionTargetId="figure-73@79.[151,1435,273,802]" captionTargetPageId="79" captionText="FIGURE 72. Cinachyrella apion (Uliczka, 1929) (CNPGG-2189), skeleton and spicules: A. transversal section of the skeleton; B. oxeas and Protriaenes I, arrows pointing to the protriaenes; C. anatriaene, arrows pointing to sigmaspires; D. Protriaene I, the arrow pointing to sigmaspires; E. Protriaene II, the arrow pointing to a sigmaspire; F. raphides. Scale bars: A–B = 500 µm; C = 25 µm; D = 50 µm; E = 20 µm; F = 50 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5454524" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5454524/files/figure.png" pageId="78" pageNumber="79">Figs. 72C, D, E</figureCitation>
), 12–
<emphasis id="ABD8EAB74D45485FFD7BF8CE49AA324B" box="[703,731,1849,1875]" italics="true" pageId="78" pageNumber="79">13</emphasis>
(1)–14 µm in length. Raphides broken (
<figureCitation id="01972A204D45485FFB5AF8CF4E73324B" box="[1182,1282,1848,1875]" captionStart="FIGURE 72" captionStartId="79.[151,250,825,849]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,273,802]" captionTargetId="figure-73@79.[151,1435,273,802]" captionTargetPageId="79" captionText="FIGURE 72. Cinachyrella apion (Uliczka, 1929) (CNPGG-2189), skeleton and spicules: A. transversal section of the skeleton; B. oxeas and Protriaenes I, arrows pointing to the protriaenes; C. anatriaene, arrows pointing to sigmaspires; D. Protriaene I, the arrow pointing to sigmaspires; E. Protriaene II, the arrow pointing to a sigmaspire; F. raphides. Scale bars: A–B = 500 µm; C = 25 µm; D = 50 µm; E = 20 µm; F = 50 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5454524" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5454524/files/figure.png" pageId="78" pageNumber="79">Fig. 72F</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="D1B6652E4D45485FFF03F8AB48C63283" pageId="78" pageNumber="79" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="991336A54D45485FFF03F8AB48C63283" blockId="78.[151,1437,1272,2019]" pageId="78" pageNumber="79">
<emphasis id="ABD8EAB74D45485FFF03F8AB4A10326E" bold="true" box="[199,353,1884,1910]" pageId="78" pageNumber="79">Distribution.</emphasis>
<collectingCountry id="E1BB76354D45485FFEA3F8AB4ACC326E" box="[359,445,1884,1910]" name="Mexico" pageId="78" pageNumber="79">Mexico</collectingCountry>
(current record),
<collectingCountry id="E1BB76354D45485FFD47F8AA49D6326F" box="[643,679,1885,1911]" name="United States of America" pageId="78" pageNumber="79">US</collectingCountry>
(
<collectingRegion id="5B68F8474D45485FFD71F8AB4878326F" box="[693,777,1884,1911]" country="United States of America" name="Florida" pageId="78" pageNumber="79">Florida</collectingRegion>
) (
<bibRefCitation id="FD3D4B544D45485FFCE4F8AB48D1326F" author="Little, F. J. J." box="[800,928,1884,1911]" pageId="78" pageNumber="79" pagination="31 - 71" refId="ref78466" refString="Little, F. J. J. (1963) The sponge fauna of the St. George's Sound, Apalache Bay, and Panama City Regions of the Florida Gulf Coast. Tulane Studies in Zoology, 11, 31 - 71. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. part. 7050" type="journal article" year="1963">Little 1963</bibRefCitation>
),
<collectingCountry id="E1BB76354D45485FFC70F8AB4F6F326E" box="[948,1054,1884,1910]" name="Bermuda" pageId="78" pageNumber="79">Bermuda</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="E1BB76354D45485FFBEDF8AB4FE3326E" box="[1065,1170,1884,1910]" name="Bahamas" pageId="78" pageNumber="79">Bahamas</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="E1BB76354D45485FFB5AF8AB4FAD326E" box="[1182,1244,1884,1910]" name="Cuba" pageId="78" pageNumber="79">Cuba</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="E1BB76354D45485FFB23F8AB4E40326E" box="[1255,1329,1884,1910]" name="Belize" pageId="78" pageNumber="79">Belize</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="E1BB76354D45485FFAF9F8AA4EE8326F" box="[1341,1433,1885,1911]" name="Panama" pageId="78" pageNumber="79">Panama</collectingCountry>
, other countries in the Caribbean Sea, and
<collectingCountry id="E1BB76354D45485FFDAFF87749DE3282" box="[619,687,1920,1946]" name="Brazil" pageId="78" pageNumber="79">Brazil</collectingCountry>
(
<bibRefCitation id="FD3D4B544D45485FFD7AF87748DA3283" author="Cardenas, P. &amp; Menegola, C. &amp; Rapp, H. T. &amp; Diaz, M. C." box="[702,939,1920,1947]" pageId="78" pageNumber="79" pagination="1 - 39" refId="ref74746" refString="Cardenas, P., Menegola, C., Rapp, H. T. &amp; Diaz, M. C. (2009) Morphological description and DNA barcodes of shallow-water Tetractinellida (Porifera: Demospongiae) from Bocas del Toro, Panama, with description of a new species. Zootaxa, 2276 (1), 1 - 39. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 2276.1.1" type="journal article" year="2009">
Cárdenas
<emphasis id="ABD8EAB74D45485FFCEBF87648163282" box="[815,871,1920,1946]" italics="true" pageId="78" pageNumber="79">et al.</emphasis>
2009
</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="D1B6652E4D45485EFF03F85248D835E1" lastPageId="79" lastPageNumber="80" pageId="78" pageNumber="79" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="991336A54D45485EFF03F85248D835E1" blockId="78.[151,1437,1272,2019]" lastBlockId="79.[151,1436,151,250]" lastPageId="79" lastPageNumber="80" pageId="78" pageNumber="79">
<emphasis id="ABD8EAB74D45485FFF03F8524A4A32A7" bold="true" box="[199,315,1957,1983]" pageId="78" pageNumber="79">Remarks.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="5EAC4D264D45485FFE85F853495432A6" baseAuthorityName="Uliczka" baseAuthorityYear="1929" box="[321,549,1956,1982]" class="Demospongiae" family="Tetillidae" genus="Cinanchyrella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Tetractinellida" pageId="78" pageNumber="79" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="apion">
<emphasis id="ABD8EAB74D45485FFE85F853495432A6" box="[321,549,1956,1982]" italics="true" pageId="78" pageNumber="79">Cinanchyrella apion</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is widely distributed in the western Atlantic (
<bibRefCitation id="FD3D4B544D45485FFBDCF8534E6032A7" author="Rutzler, K. &amp; Smith, K. P." box="[1048,1297,1956,1983]" pageId="78" pageNumber="79" pagination="148 - 164" refId="ref80764" refString="Rutzler, K. &amp; Smith, K. P. (1992) Guide To Western Atlantic Species of Cinachyrella (Porifera: Tetillidae). Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington, 105, 148 - 164." type="journal article" year="1992">
Rützler &amp;
<collectingRegion id="5B68F8474D45485FFB4AF8534FA032A6" box="[1166,1233,1956,1982]" country="Bermuda" name="Smith's" pageId="78" pageNumber="79">Smith</collectingRegion>
1992
</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="FD3D4B544D45485FFADFF8534BA232FB" author="Hajdu, E. &amp; Peixinho, S. &amp; Fernandez, J. C." pageId="78" pageNumber="79" refId="ref76682" refString="Hajdu, E., Peixinho, S. &amp; Fernandez, J. C. (2011) Esponjas marinhas da Bahia: guia de campo e laboratorio. Museu Nacional / UFRJ, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, 276 pp." type="book" year="2011">
Hajdu
<emphasis id="ABD8EAB74D45485FFAA2F8524EEC32A6" box="[1382,1437,1956,1982]" italics="true" pageId="78" pageNumber="79">et al.</emphasis>
2011
</bibRefCitation>
). Apart from raphides, our material has the same
<typeStatus id="461788074D45485FFCC5F83E484D32FB" box="[769,828,1993,2019]" pageId="78" pageNumber="79">types</typeStatus>
of spicules as known specimens of
<taxonomicName id="5EAC4D264D45485FFB17F83E4E4532FA" baseAuthorityName="Uliczka" baseAuthorityYear="1929" box="[1235,1332,1993,2019]" class="Demospongiae" family="Tetillidae" genus="Cinanchyrella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Tetractinellida" pageId="78" pageNumber="79" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="apion">
<emphasis id="ABD8EAB74D45485FFB17F83E4E4532FA" box="[1235,1332,1993,2019]" italics="true" pageId="78" pageNumber="79">C. apion</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from the Caribbean and Brazilian areas (
<bibRefCitation id="FD3D4B544D44485EFE31FF60498035A9" author="Rutzler, K. &amp; Smith, K. P." box="[501,753,151,177]" pageId="79" pageNumber="80" pagination="148 - 164" refId="ref80764" refString="Rutzler, K. &amp; Smith, K. P. (1992) Guide To Western Atlantic Species of Cinachyrella (Porifera: Tetillidae). Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington, 105, 148 - 164." type="journal article" year="1992">
Rützler &amp;
<collectingRegion id="5B68F8474D44485EFDA8FF6049DE35A9" box="[620,687,151,177]" country="Bermuda" name="Smith's" pageId="79" pageNumber="80">Smith</collectingRegion>
1992
</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="FD3D4B544D44485EFD38FF6048B335A9" author="Hajdu, E. &amp; Peixinho, S. &amp; Fernandez, J. C." box="[764,962,151,177]" pageId="79" pageNumber="80" refId="ref76682" refString="Hajdu, E., Peixinho, S. &amp; Fernandez, J. C. (2011) Esponjas marinhas da Bahia: guia de campo e laboratorio. Museu Nacional / UFRJ, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, 276 pp." type="book" year="2011">
Hajdu
<emphasis id="ABD8EAB74D44485EFC8CFF60480E35A9" box="[840,895,151,177]" italics="true" pageId="79" pageNumber="80">et al.</emphasis>
2011
</bibRefCitation>
). In addition, triaenes are rare in our material. Unfortunately, only
<specimenCount id="8FAAFD2C4D44485EFE6BFF4C493835CD" box="[431,585,187,213]" pageId="79" pageNumber="80" type="generic">one specimen</specimenCount>
was found in our study. In the GoM,
<taxonomicName id="5EAC4D264D44485EFC31FF4C4F2635CC" baseAuthorityName="Uliczka" baseAuthorityYear="1929" box="[1013,1111,187,213]" class="Demospongiae" family="Tetillidae" genus="Cinanchyrella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Tetractinellida" pageId="79" pageNumber="80" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="apion">
<emphasis id="ABD8EAB74D44485EFC31FF4C4F2635CC" box="[1013,1111,187,213]" italics="true" pageId="79" pageNumber="80">C. apion</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has been reported in
<collectingRegion id="5B68F8474D44485EFA8FFF4C4EED35CD" box="[1355,1436,187,213]" country="United States of America" name="Florida" pageId="79" pageNumber="80">Florida</collectingRegion>
(
<bibRefCitation id="FD3D4B544D44485EFF5BFF284A5135E2" author="Little, F. J. J." box="[159,288,223,250]" pageId="79" pageNumber="80" pagination="31 - 71" refId="ref78466" refString="Little, F. J. J. (1963) The sponge fauna of the St. George's Sound, Apalache Bay, and Panama City Regions of the Florida Gulf Coast. Tulane Studies in Zoology, 11, 31 - 71. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. part. 7050" type="journal article" year="1963">Little 1963</bibRefCitation>
); thus, this is the first record of the species for the SGoM.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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