191 lines
15 KiB
XML
191 lines
15 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.239.3734" ID-GBIF-Dataset="58b3b015-a919-456b-9175-f96878341e31" ID-PMC="PMC3497256" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1313-2970-239-1" ID-PubMed="23226711" ModsDocAuthor="" ModsDocDate="2012" ModsDocID="1313-2970-239-1" ModsDocOrigin="ZooKeys 239" ModsDocTitle="Polyaxone monaxonids: revision of raspailiid sponges with polyactine megascleres ( Cyamon and Trikentrion)" checkinTime="1451248578713" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Soest, Rob van, Carballo, Jose Luis & Hooper, John" docDate="2012" docId="ED12740D7CF0C910F09DDB6FC7F5303E" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 239: 1-70" docOrigin="ZooKeys 239" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.239.3734" docTitle="Cyamon (?) spinispinosum Topsent 1904" docType="treatment" docVersion="3" lastPageNumber="31" masterDocId="3639FF9B0F54FFEACF6A573ADC3CDF3D" masterDocTitle="Polyaxone monaxonids: revision of raspailiid sponges with polyactine megascleres (Cyamon and Trikentrion)" masterLastPageNumber="70" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="29" updateTime="1668154678110" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>Polyaxone monaxonids: revision of raspailiid sponges with polyactine megascleres (Cyamon and Trikentrion)</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Soest, Rob van</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Carballo, Jose Luis</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Hooper, John</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:relatedItem type="host">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>ZooKeys</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part>
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<mods:date>2012</mods:date>
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<mods:detail type="volume">
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<mods:number>239</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:extent unit="page">
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<mods:start>1</mods:start>
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<mods:end>70</mods:end>
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</mods:extent>
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</mods:part>
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</mods:relatedItem>
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<mods:location>
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<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.239.3734</mods:url>
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</mods:location>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.239.3734</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1313-2970-239-1</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="152037795" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:ED12740D7CF0C910F09DDB6FC7F5303E" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/ED12740D7CF0C910F09DDB6FC7F5303E" lastPageId="30" lastPageNumber="31" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">
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<subSubSection pageId="28" pageNumber="29" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph pageId="28" pageNumber="29">
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<taxonomicName authority="Topsent, 1904" authorityName="Topsent" authorityYear="1904" lsidName="Cyamon (?) spinispinosum" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" rank="species" species="spinispinosum">Cyamon (?) spinispinosum (Topsent, 1904)</taxonomicName>
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Figs 16
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<normalizedToken originalValue="A–E">A-E</normalizedToken>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="28" pageNumber="29" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph pageId="28" pageNumber="29">
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<taxonomicName class="Demospongiae" family="Raspailiidae" genus="Hymeraphia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Hymeraphia spinispinosa" order="Axinellida" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="spinispinosa">Hymeraphia spinispinosa</taxonomicName>
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<bibRefCitation author="Topsent, E" journalOrPublisher="Monaco" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" pagination="1 - 280" title="Spongiaires des Acores. Resultats des campagnes scientifiques accomplies par le Prince Albert I." volume="25" year="1904">Topsent 1904</bibRefCitation>
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: 162, pl. 14 fig. 9 (Azores).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="28" pageNumber="29">
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<taxonomicName class="Demospongiae" family="Raspailiidae" genus="Acantheurypon" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Acantheurypon spinispinosum" order="Axinellida" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="spinispinosum">Acantheurypon spinispinosum</taxonomicName>
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;
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<bibRefCitation author="Topsent, E" journalOrPublisher="Resultats des campagnes scientifiques accomplies par le Prince Albert I, Monaco" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" pagination="1 - 376" title="Spongiaires de l'Atlantique et de la Mediterranee provenant des croisieres du Prince Albert ler de Monaco." volume="74" year="1928">Topsent 1928</bibRefCitation>
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: 293 (Azores).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="28" pageNumber="29">
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<taxonomicName class="Demospongiae" family="Raspailiidae" genus="Acantheurypon" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Acantheurypon incipiens" order="Axinellida" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="incipiens">Acantheurypon incipiens</taxonomicName>
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<bibRefCitation author="Topsent, E" journalOrPublisher="Resultats des campagnes scientifiques accomplies par le Prince Albert I, Monaco" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" pagination="1 - 376" title="Spongiaires de l'Atlantique et de la Mediterranee provenant des croisieres du Prince Albert ler de Monaco." volume="74" year="1928">Topsent 1928</bibRefCitation>
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: 293, pl. 10 fig. 10 (Azores).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="28" pageNumber="29">
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<taxonomicName class="Demospongiae" family="Raspailiidae" genus="Cyamon" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cyamon spinispinosum" order="Axinellida" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="spinispinosum">Cyamon spinispinosum</taxonomicName>
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;
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<bibRefCitation author="Stephens, J" journalOrPublisher="Scientific Investigations of the Fisheries Branch, Department of Agriculture for Ireland" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" pagination="1 - 75" title="Sponges of the coasts of Ireland, II. The Tetraxonida (concluded)." volume="1920" year="1921">Stephens 1921</bibRefCitation>
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: 61 (Ireland);
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<bibRefCitation author="Van Soest, RWM" journalOrPublisher="Contributions to Zoology" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" pagination="121 - 142" title="Sponge diversity and community composition in Irish bathyal coral reefs." volume="76" year="2007">Van Soest et al. 2007</bibRefCitation>
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: 130 (Rockall Bank, W of Ireland).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection lastPageId="29" lastPageNumber="30" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" type="material examined">
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<paragraph pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Material examined.</paragraph>
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<paragraph lastPageId="29" lastPageNumber="30" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">
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Twenty six samples in the ZMA Porifera collection, preserved in alcohol, all from Rockall Bank, approximately
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<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="5555" value="55.4">55.4N</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="5555" value="-15.8">15.8W</geoCoordinate>
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, depth 500-900 m,
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<pageBreakToken pageId="29" pageNumber="30" start="start">collected</pageBreakToken>
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during MOUNDFORCE 2004 and BIOSYS 2005 cruises with RV Pelagia. Type material:Monaco Oceanographic Museum, not examined.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection lastPageId="30" lastPageNumber="31" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" type="description">
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<paragraph pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Description.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="29" pageNumber="30">
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Pale greenish encrustations (Fig. 16A) on deep-sea coral branches, surface irregularly conulose-hispid. Consistency soft. Dimensions up to 15
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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6 cm in widest expansions, thickness approximately 1 mm.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="29" pageNumber="30">
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Skeleton: basal mass of polyactines, usually a single layer of spicules, with basal cladi pointing outwards and lateral cladi spread out on the substrate, taking up the position of echinating acanthostyles as in
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<taxonomicName class="Demospongiae" family="Hymedesmiidae" genus="Hymedesmia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Hymedesmia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">Hymedesmia</taxonomicName>
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or
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<taxonomicName class="Demospongiae" family="Microcionidae" genus="Clathria" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Clathria (Microciona)" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" phylum="Porifera" rank="subGenus" subGenus="Microciona">Clathria (Microciona)</taxonomicName>
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. Single long styles with heads embedded in the layer of polyactines, surrounded by groups of short styles.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Spicules: long styles, short styles, polyactines.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="30" pageNumber="31">
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<pageBreakToken pageId="30" pageNumber="31" start="start">Long</pageBreakToken>
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styles (Figs 16C, C1) with upper parts heavily spined, becoming gradually smooth toward the pointed end, only a few were found to be complete, 657
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<normalizedToken originalValue="–737.2–">-737.2-</normalizedToken>
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822
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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32
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<normalizedToken originalValue="–35.5–">-35.5-</normalizedToken>
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38
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<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
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.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="30" pageNumber="31">
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Short styles (Figs 16B, B1), very abundant, heads slightly spined, shaft smooth, faintly polytylote, pointed end tends to be slightly mucronate, 302
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<normalizedToken originalValue="–324.1–">-324.1-</normalizedToken>
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366
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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7
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<normalizedToken originalValue="–8.4–">-8.4-</normalizedToken>
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10
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<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
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.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="30" pageNumber="31">
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Polyactines (Figs 16D-E), with 3-8 cladi, usually with a long and prominent basal cladus and short irregular lateral cladi (Fig. 16E), heavily spined without smooth areas, basal cladi 90
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<normalizedToken originalValue="–151.3–">-151.3-</normalizedToken>
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234
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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9
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<normalizedToken originalValue="–11.2–">-11.2-</normalizedToken>
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14
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<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
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, lateral cladi 15
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<normalizedToken originalValue="–27.3–">-27.3-</normalizedToken>
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36
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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6
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<normalizedToken originalValue="–7.4–">-7.4-</normalizedToken>
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12
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<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
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.
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</paragraph>
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<caption pageId="30" pageNumber="31">
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<paragraph pageId="30" pageNumber="31">
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Figure 16.
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<taxonomicName class="Demospongiae" family="Raspailiidae" genus="Cyamon" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cyamon spinispinosum" order="Axinellida" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="spinispinosum">Cyamon spinispinosum</taxonomicName>
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(Topsent, 1904), ZMA Por. 19422, from SE Rockall Bank, North Atlantic A shape encrusting deep sea coral (scale = 1 cm) B short style, lightly spined at the head B1 details of apices of short style C long style, coarsely spined C1 detail of head of long style D various shapes of polyactines E detail of the cladome of a seven-claded polyactine.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="30" pageNumber="31" type="distribution">
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<paragraph pageId="30" pageNumber="31">Distribution.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="30" pageNumber="31">
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Azores, Ireland, also Norway (P.
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Cárdenas">Cardenas</normalizedToken>
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, pers. comm.). A common North Atlantic bathyal species (
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<bibRefCitation author="Van Soest, RWM" journalOrPublisher="Contributions to Zoology" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" pagination="121 - 142" title="Sponge diversity and community composition in Irish bathyal coral reefs." volume="76" year="2007">van Soest et al. 2007</bibRefCitation>
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report 110 specimens collected on Rockall Bank, W of Ireland).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="30" pageNumber="31" type="habitat">
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<paragraph pageId="30" pageNumber="31">Habitat.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="30" pageNumber="31">Encrusting deep-sea corals at depths from 500-900 m.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="30" pageNumber="31" type="discussion">
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<paragraph pageId="30" pageNumber="31">Discussion.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="30" pageNumber="31">
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This is a deviating
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<taxonomicName class="Demospongiae" family="Raspailiidae" genus="Cyamon" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cyamon" order="Axinellida" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">Cyamon</taxonomicName>
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with several unique features not shared by the majority of the species. Both monaxone megascleres are partially heavily spined, and the raspailiid feature of a long thin style surrounded by short thin styles is absent. The polyactines resemble echinating acanthostyles by their long basal cladus and crown of short irregular lateral cladi. These spicules may be assumed to bridge the gap between the polyactines with more or less equal length cladi and acanthostyles with heavily knobbed and spined heads such as found in some myxilline genera (
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<taxonomicName class="Demospongiae" family="Hymedesmiidae" genus="Hymedesmia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Hymedesmia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">Hymedesmia</taxonomicName>
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Bowerbank, 1864,
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<taxonomicName class="Demospongiae" family="Crambeidae" genus="Discorhabdella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Discorhabdella" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">Discorhabdella</taxonomicName>
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Dendy, 1924) and in the raspailiid genus
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<taxonomicName class="Demospongiae" family="Raspailiidae" genus="Eurypon" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Eurypon" order="Axinellida" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">Eurypon</taxonomicName>
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Gray, 1867. Additionally, it occurs in cold deep-sea habitats unlike all other
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<taxonomicName class="Demospongiae" family="Raspailiidae" genus="Cyamon" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cyamon" order="Axinellida" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">Cyamon</taxonomicName>
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species. It is likely that this species does not belong in
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<taxonomicName class="Demospongiae" family="Raspailiidae" genus="Cyamon" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cyamon" order="Axinellida" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">Cyamon</taxonomicName>
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, but we will await additional (molecular) evidence before removing it from the genus
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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</treatment>
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</document> |