282 lines
31 KiB
XML
282 lines
31 KiB
XML
<document id="418F483B7706F2DB1101BBEF7D0C9F2F" ID-CLB-Dataset="30125" ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.755.23939" ID-GBIF-Dataset="7392eb62-5d84-4f6a-8c8a-9f4e351a84a7" ID-PMC="PMC5953965" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1313-2970-755-1" ID-PubMed="29769836" ID-ZooBank="AADE14787C914355B776C4AEF28347BF" ModsDocAuthor="" ModsDocDate="2018" ModsDocID="1313-2970-755-1" ModsDocOrigin="ZooKeys 755" ModsDocTitle="A revision of the cleptoparasitic bee genus Epeolus Latreille for Nearctic species, north of Mexico (Hymenoptera, Apidae)" checkinTime="1525801749154" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Onuferko, Thomas M." docDate="2018" docId="75BA528A3ECF56F34CABF1F983CF737E" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 755: 1-185" docOrigin="ZooKeys 755" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.755.23939" docTitle="Epeolus ilicis Mitchell 1962" docType="treatment" docVersion="6" lastPageNumber="97" masterDocId="D91DD51C1718C109FF8EFFA6FFF3FF9F" masterDocTitle="A revision of the cleptoparasitic bee genus Epeolus Latreille for Nearctic species, north of Mexico (Hymenoptera, Apidae)" masterLastPageNumber="185" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="94" updateTime="1701379395747" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:title id="C1B2818118D2C756B2B60FDED5B95D57">A revision of the cleptoparasitic bee genus Epeolus Latreille for Nearctic species, north of Mexico (Hymenoptera, Apidae)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="FDAF08EAFA80AD24A0C7220999B6BF70">Onuferko, Thomas M.</mods:namePart>
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<treatment id="75BA528A3ECF56F34CABF1F983CF737E" ID-GBIF-Taxon="143842367" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:75BA528A3ECF56F34CABF1F983CF737E" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/75BA528A3ECF56F34CABF1F983CF737E" lastPageId="96" lastPageNumber="97" pageId="93" pageNumber="94">
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<subSubSection id="A4BB6518EA928B2298C6FE8B1963D1A7" pageId="93" pageNumber="94" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="69DCF06B7FBFC9790D2D9DCF950902E1" pageId="93" pageNumber="94">
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27.
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<taxonomicName id="38AFF69B7264A20B46E6279FE665C311" ID-CoL="6FNQZ" authority="Mitchell, 1962" authorityName="Mitchell" authorityYear="1962" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Epeolus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Epeolus ilicis" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="93" pageNumber="94" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ilicis">Epeolus ilicis Mitchell, 1962</taxonomicName>
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Figs 3E, 57, 58, 92F, 97G, 100A
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="458E69E99E3B2D10136566821F1A204C" pageId="94" pageNumber="95" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="D6D6F73510F4EFC18FAF0CCA0C7C9A17" pageId="94" pageNumber="95">
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<taxonomicName id="C7B744617C72B8A979D9241851E62518" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Epeolus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Epeolus ilicis" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="94" pageNumber="95" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ilicis">
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<pageBreakToken id="7B97491C25FDBC3EF48D98666A0B82EA" pageId="94" pageNumber="95" start="start">Epeolus</pageBreakToken>
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ilicis
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</taxonomicName>
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Mitchell, 1962. N. C. Agric. Exp. Stn. Tech. Bull. 152: 448 (♀).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="62E08100BDF3E1EE5C19C8A1012477A1" pageId="94" pageNumber="95">
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<taxonomicName id="CBD95BE93B209F909B0AF5A413F9F58B" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Epeolus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Epeolus vernalis" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="94" pageNumber="95" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="vernalis">Epeolus vernalis</taxonomicName>
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Mitchell, 1962. N. C. Agric. Exp. Stn. Tech. Bull. 152: 455 (♀), syn. n.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="1681C2FACB1DAE323FBD6304CD142E10" pageId="94" pageNumber="95">
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<taxonomicName id="812102EB7341D847B15280B5D63DEC6F" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Epeolus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Epeolus weemsi" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="94" pageNumber="95" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="weemsi">Epeolus weemsi</taxonomicName>
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Mitchell, 1962. N. C. Agric. Exp. Stn. Tech. Bull. 152: 455 (♂), syn. n.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="4FAD24314B26EBE904FA79E05A176141" lastPageId="95" lastPageNumber="96" pageId="94" pageNumber="95" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph id="F50E3ED989C2889F32916666097D6A69" pageId="94" pageNumber="95">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="576D749C6BF56FB7F3E1CF71FB90BE63" lastPageId="95" lastPageNumber="96" pageId="94" pageNumber="95">
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The following morphological features in combination (excluding any that are specific to the opposite sex of the one being diagnosed) can be used to tell
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<taxonomicName id="6F560BF20E7609784893565D3890E657" lsidName="E. ilicis" pageId="94" pageNumber="95" rank="species" species="ilicis">E. ilicis</taxonomicName>
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apart from all other North American
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<taxonomicName id="D8929538E685C756F93BA5320537D871" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Epeolus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Epeolus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="94" pageNumber="95" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Epeolus</taxonomicName>
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except
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<taxonomicName id="DA1AE0084C981A0841F06EB1E2EAF166" lsidName="E. erigeronis" pageId="94" pageNumber="95" rank="species" species="erigeronis">E. erigeronis</taxonomicName>
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and
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<taxonomicName id="C4D24F15F7EAE0D3171BEDA35F04CC89" lsidName="E. inornatus" pageId="94" pageNumber="95" rank="species" species="inornatus">E. inornatus</taxonomicName>
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: the mandible is simple; the axilla does not attain the midlength of the mesoscutellum but the free portion is distinctly hooked, with the tip unattached to the mesoscutellum for more than 1/3 of the entire medial length of the axilla; the pronotal collar and metasomal terga are black; the metasomal terga have rather fine punctures; and the pseudopygidial area of the female is distinctly campanulate with the apex <2
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<normalizedToken id="D76ECE7E74CC94CAA8BD4DA1959CD7FE" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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the medial length and not in contact with two large patches of pale tomentum (one on
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<pageBreakToken id="1DA0CFE34B23FF069B97ED85D31F13C9" pageId="95" pageNumber="96" start="start">each</pageBreakToken>
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side) throughout its length (in contact only at apex, diverging basally).
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<taxonomicName id="FB79CD6C998BA0AF9D2727FE62331D6F" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Epeolus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Epeolus ilicis" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="95" pageNumber="96" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ilicis">Epeolus ilicis</taxonomicName>
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is most similar to
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<taxonomicName id="A620672F6AAEA31506AFAC0FDE679724" lsidName="E. inornatus" pageId="95" pageNumber="96" rank="species" species="inornatus">E. inornatus</taxonomicName>
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, and in both species the mesopleuron has punctures that are similar in size and shiny interspaces that are commonly equal to the puncture diameters. By contrast, in
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<taxonomicName id="88A8A9B50061747D55A25BF198D25ED3" lsidName="E. erigeronis" pageId="95" pageNumber="96" rank="species" species="erigeronis">E. erigeronis</taxonomicName>
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the punctures are more variable in size, with many smaller punctures among large ones, and most interspaces are narrower such that the surface appears to be very coarsely and densely rugose-punctate. Whereas in
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<taxonomicName id="69E0BBD44E1F767D2D089BE069C81D01" lsidName="E. inornatus" pageId="95" pageNumber="96" rank="species" species="inornatus">E. inornatus</taxonomicName>
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the legs (and sometimes the pronotal lobe and tegula) are usually darker, at least from the metacoxa to metatibia, the dorsum of the mesosoma and metasoma have gray short appressed setae, and S4 and S5 of the male have short straight subapical hairs, in
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<taxonomicName id="7B88F30543D62A741EBEFBA743854D02" lsidName="E. ilicis" pageId="95" pageNumber="96" rank="species" species="ilicis">E. ilicis</taxonomicName>
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the pronotal lobe and legs are more extensively reddish orange than brown or black (at least the anterior surface of the metatibia and metatarsus are the same reddish orange color), the dorsum of the mesosoma and metasoma have gray but also usually some pale yellow short appressed setae, and S4 and S5 of the male have long curved coppery to silvery subapical hairs.
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<taxonomicName id="2D32C7C08F5A3B20468511E050B1FD4D" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Epeolus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Epeolus ilicis" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="95" pageNumber="96" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ilicis">Epeolus ilicis</taxonomicName>
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is also similar to
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<taxonomicName id="F46CB148D472F0DFB0D5391B47F81CFD" lsidName="E. gibbsi" pageId="95" pageNumber="96" rank="species" species="gibbsi">E. gibbsi</taxonomicName>
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, but in
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<taxonomicName id="C13DF7F1827A0FAA24941E02FBBB3587" lsidName="E. gibbsi" pageId="95" pageNumber="96" rank="species" species="gibbsi">E. gibbsi</taxonomicName>
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the mandible has a blunt, obtuse preapical tooth; in females F2 is less than 1.2
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<normalizedToken id="748EAD153C635E667E919A9DBFC99B0D" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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||
as long as wide (it is more than 1.2
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<normalizedToken id="37FAA783CE73F3928548FCFB82965F19" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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||
as long as wide in female
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<taxonomicName id="1601CCD1AE965DC426924D6C6CD0AFA7" lsidName="E. ilicis" pageId="95" pageNumber="96" rank="species" species="ilicis">E. ilicis</taxonomicName>
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); and the pseudopygidial area of the female is in contact with two large patches of pale tomentum (one on each side [the two are parallel to each other]) throughout its length.
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</paragraph>
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<caption id="F98B35F1997752194DE53165E75A0283" pageId="95" pageNumber="96">
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<paragraph id="879FF3D8BBE398F958E877F4E0FADFC3" pageId="95" pageNumber="96">
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Figure 57.
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<taxonomicName id="BE556594A9EDF4BDE17F41D7FFE3C690" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Epeolus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Epeolus ilicis" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="95" pageNumber="96" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ilicis">Epeolus ilicis</taxonomicName>
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A female, lateral habitus (scale bar 3 mm) B female holotype, dorsal habitus (scale bar 3 mm) C male paratype, lateral habitus (scale bar 3 mm), and D female axillae and mesoscutellum (photo of
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<taxonomicName id="350B8A0C4199F8FA75D1C61C30C56DE6" lsidName="E. vernalis" pageId="95" pageNumber="96" rank="species" species="vernalis">E. vernalis</taxonomicName>
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holotype [herein synonymized under
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<taxonomicName id="1903C7F780F214EEC929497EAA762142" lsidName="E. ilicis" pageId="95" pageNumber="96" rank="species" species="ilicis">E. ilicis</taxonomicName>
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]), dorsal view (scale bar 0.5 mm; blue lines indicate the posterior extent of the axilla relative to the length of the mesoscutellum; red lines indicate the extent of the free portion of the axilla relative to its entire medial length).
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="AB3E998DE6B4F694CBD2C326645689D1" pageId="95" pageNumber="96" type="redescription">
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<paragraph id="6552E1A3D38F07D1AE05601C936AFBEE" pageId="95" pageNumber="96">Redescription.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="F94A608F2DD5FDC624F014EC148D3E66" pageId="95" pageNumber="96">
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This species was recently redescribed (
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<bibRefCitation id="6EF3A59D9A8E6B4E51C228A540E62435" author="Onuferko, TM" journalOrPublisher="North Carolina Agricultural Experiment Station Technical Bulletin" pageId="167" pageNumber="168" url="https://doi.org/10.3752/cjai.2017.30" year="2017">Onuferko 2017</bibRefCitation>
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).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="E07599EBBCE341A21FA59A5A14E713B2" pageId="95" pageNumber="96" type="distribution">
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<paragraph id="02C8F8D5D07C91AE0945AD3B7F5D2C38" pageId="95" pageNumber="96">Distribution.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="F19BFAF2CA8A95429C56E5B9D9B65A17" pageId="95" pageNumber="96">Southeastern United States (Fig. 58).</paragraph>
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<caption id="03AF00AC16859D122007E4CA3E7E95E6" pageId="95" pageNumber="96">
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<paragraph id="ACA6496443A4C087036ACE38B30ECC19" pageId="95" pageNumber="96">
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Figure 58. Approximate geographic range of
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<taxonomicName id="B148043138046C6EF8D42706596A29FE" lsidName="E. ilicis" pageId="95" pageNumber="96" rank="species" species="ilicis">E. ilicis</taxonomicName>
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(orange) based on occurrence records known to the author (yellow circles).
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="984F0323DB364A69CAC8A6C22AD8FC4B" pageId="95" pageNumber="96" type="ecology">
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<paragraph id="E4D53D4ED588C704F7EBF8072B6C820E" pageId="95" pageNumber="96">Ecology.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="4CFC0EB990D921BFE21667865C339E98" pageId="95" pageNumber="96">
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HOST RECORDS:
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<bibRefCitation id="C54E227EC4557FE29930EA598434847A" author="Rozen, Jr. JG" journalOrPublisher="American Museum Novitates" pageId="168" pageNumber="169" pagination="1 - 19" title="Morphology and systematic significance of first instars of the cleptoparasitic bee tribe Epeolini (Anthophoridae: Nomadinae)." volume="2957" year="1989">Rozen (1989)</bibRefCitation>
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described first instar
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<taxonomicName id="2A0118BDE7DBA5E2BEA051CCAE015AEE" lsidName="E. ilicis" pageId="95" pageNumber="96" rank="species" species="ilicis">E. ilicis</taxonomicName>
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based on two larvae recovered from the nest of
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<taxonomicName id="FA5166AC07EFF236D6E9AFE14C55982E" class="Insecta" family="Colletidae" genus="Colletes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Colletes brimleyi" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="95" pageNumber="96" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="brimleyi">Colletes brimleyi</taxonomicName>
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Mitchell on St. Catherines Island in Georgia, USA, from where conspecifics of the former have been recorded (see Material studied).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="354176F9418461735B06F563DF4B528B" pageId="95" pageNumber="96">
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FLORAL RECORDS:
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<bibRefCitation id="DB7A899EBAB1831FEBD066A36A4701A6" author="Onuferko, TM" journalOrPublisher="North Carolina Agricultural Experiment Station Technical Bulletin" pageId="167" pageNumber="168" url="https://doi.org/10.3752/cjai.2017.30" year="2017">Onuferko (2017)</bibRefCitation>
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||
lists associations with five plant genera based on
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<bibRefCitation id="EFA1D9411D1B3CEB28F0AF26814C3485" author="Mitchell, TB" journalOrPublisher="North Carolina Agricultural Experiment Station Technical Bulletin" pageId="167" pageNumber="168" pagination="1 - 557" title="Bees of the eastern United States. Volume II." volume="152" year="1962">Mitchell (1962)</bibRefCitation>
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||
and a record on Discover Life (
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<bibRefCitation id="924BCFC60C62731D002BA1662B2F9679" author="Ascher, JS" journalOrPublisher="Northeastern Naturalist" pageId="164" pageNumber="165" url="http://www.discoverlife.org/mp/20q?guide=Apoidea_species" year="2017">Ascher and Pickering 2017</bibRefCitation>
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||
[then 2016]). Since the discovery of
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<taxonomicName id="620021B70E500A43DE914ECE9F8E63FF" lsidName="E. inornatus" pageId="95" pageNumber="96" rank="species" species="inornatus">E. inornatus</taxonomicName>
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, a cryptic species very similar to
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<taxonomicName id="3CBCA8C9D53151095728F5A8E2407C64" lsidName="E. ilicis" pageId="95" pageNumber="96" rank="species" species="ilicis">E. ilicis</taxonomicName>
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||
whose name applies to at least one of
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<normalizedToken id="DA02B109F3D3FC8874EFFFC152B9255A" originalValue="Mitchell’s">Mitchell's</normalizedToken>
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paratypes of
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<taxonomicName id="530EAAEA95987B7F69878C58DC009525" lsidName="E. ilicis" pageId="95" pageNumber="96" rank="species" species="ilicis">E. ilicis</taxonomicName>
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(see Material studied under
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<taxonomicName id="CA5D0AA32D297A91F8590D867339EEBC" lsidName="E. inornatus" pageId="95" pageNumber="96" rank="species" species="inornatus">E. inornatus</taxonomicName>
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), my taxon concept of
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<taxonomicName id="41969BD159CB18EDA23784A3B28E20E9" lsidName="E. ilicis" pageId="95" pageNumber="96" rank="species" species="ilicis">E. ilicis</taxonomicName>
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has changed. As a result, I have only been able to determine that records of
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<taxonomicName id="CB0A17051221F39063AFC81D5E64AA02" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Aquifoliaceae" genus="Ilex" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Ilex glabra" order="Aquifoliales" pageId="95" pageNumber="96" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="glabra">Ilex glabra</taxonomicName>
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and
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<taxonomicName id="1B9A345194971D0C451C5593FF784B73" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Rosaceae" genus="Prunus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Prunus angustifolia" order="Rosales" pageId="95" pageNumber="96" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="angustifolia">Prunus angustifolia</taxonomicName>
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Marshall (
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<taxonomicName id="A637FC8953FD6A84AB583EEC69901277" family="Rosaceae" lsidName="Thalestriina" pageId="95" pageNumber="96" rank="family">Rosaceae</taxonomicName>
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||
), taken from the collection labels of the holotypes of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="23EDC4A2E4C44D8B4659CB4FCA02206D" lsidName="E. ilicis" pageId="95" pageNumber="96" rank="species" species="ilicis">E. ilicis</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="800F743EE947A1C22690401FFEF2073B" lsidName="E. weemsi" pageId="95" pageNumber="96" rank="species" species="weemsi">E. weemsi</taxonomicName>
|
||
respectively, are associated with what is here understood to be the true
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E887D53908BD8F777C32A05159BCC925" lsidName="E. ilicis" pageId="95" pageNumber="96" rank="species" species="ilicis">E. ilicis</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="53FAE91338FC3D194ADA950AD6A77B98" lastPageId="96" lastPageNumber="97" pageId="95" pageNumber="96" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="A4017269D52E9615167EDF186E353D9C" pageId="95" pageNumber="96">Discussion.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="FFA59398F90628AFEF1AB3545353A369" pageId="95" pageNumber="96">
|
||
Both the holotype of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E3CA7A2ACF96B9D660FD3B63D8C07A4A" lsidName="E. ilicis" pageId="95" pageNumber="96" rank="species" species="ilicis">E. ilicis</taxonomicName>
|
||
and the holotype of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3B7C92320C19078B03F5223DE5AA506B" lsidName="E. vernalis" pageId="95" pageNumber="96" rank="species" species="vernalis">E. vernalis</taxonomicName>
|
||
were examined, and the two appear to be the same species. In
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="08600B2C03DDF27302E0BD1AE17BF213" author="Mitchell, TB" journalOrPublisher="North Carolina Agricultural Experiment Station Technical Bulletin" pageId="167" pageNumber="168" pagination="1 - 557" title="Bees of the eastern United States. Volume II." volume="152" year="1962">
|
||
<normalizedToken id="F2DAA9BEF86313B080E31E21DC0AAB76" originalValue="Mitchell’s">Mitchell's</normalizedToken>
|
||
(1962)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
key, the two species were differentiated on the basis of whether or not (and if so to what degree) the metasomal fasciae are interrupted medially, but the T1-T3 apical fasciae are interrupted medially (those of T1 and T2 are somewhat more widely separated medially) in both holotype specimens and the T4 fascia is complete in the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="784EC9D2DB127CC8319121FFE7F9FA9E" lsidName="E. ilicis" pageId="95" pageNumber="96" rank="species" species="ilicis">E. ilicis</taxonomicName>
|
||
holotype and only very narrowly interrupted in the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="58FAC5122C38A06E356F1DECF3B81D64" lsidName="E. vernalis" pageId="95" pageNumber="96" rank="species" species="vernalis">E. vernalis</taxonomicName>
|
||
holotype. Moreover, the type locality is the same for both (Holly Shelter [Pender County], North Carolina, USA), and the two specimens were collected only 12 days apart.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="5893C010BF2D123E459E0F221492A022" lastPageId="96" lastPageNumber="97" pageId="95" pageNumber="96">
|
||
Presently, only a single 422 bp sequence is available for
|
||
<taxonomicName id="68ACB2427C9A8F4689814D686B5A7056" lsidName="E. ilicis" pageId="95" pageNumber="96" rank="species" species="ilicis">E. ilicis</taxonomicName>
|
||
(a male specimen from Florida, USA), which clusters with sequences of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="57E3DDEDA2BC5A058432B30866938DAB" lsidName="E. zonatus" pageId="95" pageNumber="96" rank="species" species="zonatus">E. zonatus</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Suppl. material 2), and
|
||
<pageBreakToken id="BA54B8D58CF167C585D926371142AD73" pageId="96" pageNumber="97" start="start">all</pageBreakToken>
|
||
were assigned the same BIN. The Florida specimen is most similar to the holotype of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="5B4FF931554758FC673AE5D31BAA5612" lsidName="E. weemsi" pageId="96" pageNumber="97" rank="species" species="weemsi">E. weemsi</taxonomicName>
|
||
, which
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="E1FD9DC2B4E0CC71B2B7296A3C6E5A9A" author="Mitchell, TB" journalOrPublisher="North Carolina Agricultural Experiment Station Technical Bulletin" pageId="167" pageNumber="168" pagination="1 - 557" title="Bees of the eastern United States. Volume II." volume="152" year="1962">Mitchell (1962)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
described before noting that it might be the male of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="319394F0B0EA8FA147FE7F736B69503D" lsidName="E. vernalis" pageId="96" pageNumber="97" rank="species" species="vernalis">E. vernalis</taxonomicName>
|
||
. In both the sequenced specimen and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="43B0B345B4C23C61088F63BD8B3962F7" lsidName="E. weemsi" pageId="96" pageNumber="97" rank="species" species="weemsi">E. weemsi</taxonomicName>
|
||
holotype, S4 and S5 have long curved coppery to silvery subapical hairs, which are absent in the very similar
|
||
<taxonomicName id="8235EB52CA57435AE48E8B48D95C83EE" lsidName="E. inornatus" pageId="96" pageNumber="97" rank="species" species="inornatus">E. inornatus</taxonomicName>
|
||
but present in all other North American male
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E55A2B2323AB50E52563EBC5E239608A" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Epeolus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Epeolus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="96" pageNumber="97" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Epeolus</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Whereas I have opted to treat
|
||
<taxonomicName id="DCAE384C88849807C11E73AE59DF7722" lsidName="E. ilicis" pageId="96" pageNumber="97" rank="species" species="ilicis">E. ilicis</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4AA80E3C8F2CF9477D440C7263B1F329" lsidName="E. zonatus" pageId="96" pageNumber="97" rank="species" species="zonatus">E. zonatus</taxonomicName>
|
||
as heterospecific based on remarkably consistent differences in integument coloration coupled with a general loss of pubescence in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="5A1009397A7797FFD1FE34784E54D57F" lsidName="E. zonatus" pageId="96" pageNumber="97" rank="species" species="zonatus">E. zonatus</taxonomicName>
|
||
, despite the apparent lack of evidence of genetic divergence, the extremely subtle differences in integument coloration and pubescence among the holotypes of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="5CE5C56FBFF2AF33896CCCFD7917BDFC" lsidName="E. ilicis" pageId="96" pageNumber="97" rank="species" species="ilicis">E. ilicis</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3D194628E6093E5E7C9CAB56C0118E59" lsidName="E. vernalis" pageId="96" pageNumber="97" rank="species" species="vernalis">E. vernalis</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="A1281B8E6F7F76A074CBEE0B8130DEA1" lsidName="E. weemsi" pageId="96" pageNumber="97" rank="species" species="weemsi">E. weemsi</taxonomicName>
|
||
seem to fall within the range of intraspecific variation, and therefore
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B10E92E0987FE5B0E38DB6E8914DB1DB" lsidName="E. vernalis" pageId="96" pageNumber="97" rank="species" species="vernalis">E. vernalis</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="728840134C439D7148BC7902686A89E5" lsidName="E. weemsi" pageId="96" pageNumber="97" rank="species" species="weemsi">E. weemsi</taxonomicName>
|
||
are herein synonymized under
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F3AE6FF0FA49D7485D3E49AD0BEF3980" lsidName="E. ilicis" pageId="96" pageNumber="97" rank="species" species="ilicis">E. ilicis</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Although the three names were published simultaneously, priority of the name should be given to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="BAE3519F3220D22359A1E36D7E061398" lsidName="E. ilicis" pageId="96" pageNumber="97" rank="species" species="ilicis">E. ilicis</taxonomicName>
|
||
because the holotype is in the best condition (those of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3311E6B02CC6EA2DEF8B49D2B90B56BA" lsidName="E. vernalis" pageId="96" pageNumber="97" rank="species" species="vernalis">E. vernalis</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="0B41088AAA9F2941CCFC3D4F7E0DF3BE" lsidName="E. weemsi" pageId="96" pageNumber="97" rank="species" species="weemsi">E. weemsi</taxonomicName>
|
||
have broken antennae and in the latter much of the pubescence is discolored or rubbed off), it is female and most
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C085125ACCFBCF08C064EE007D630EA9" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Epeolus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Epeolus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="96" pageNumber="97" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Epeolus</taxonomicName>
|
||
spp. were described from female name-bearing types (the holotype of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7C75B6623F880DBA148BC71EB694D480" lsidName="E. weemsi" pageId="96" pageNumber="97" rank="species" species="weemsi">E. weemsi</taxonomicName>
|
||
is male), and because an allotype and paratypes were designated for
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B5D3BDA069675A99E4E2B74B35AF8A83" lsidName="E. ilicis" pageId="96" pageNumber="97" rank="species" species="ilicis">E. ilicis</taxonomicName>
|
||
but not
|
||
<taxonomicName id="BABC947D10C6D0C8DCB2EFA4AFA18C09" lsidName="E. vernalis" pageId="96" pageNumber="97" rank="species" species="vernalis">E. vernalis</taxonomicName>
|
||
or
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E42F16226E14C299590405CE86B6015F" lsidName="E. weemsi" pageId="96" pageNumber="97" rank="species" species="weemsi">E. weemsi</taxonomicName>
|
||
. This species appears to be quite common in the Southeastern United States, where it may be confused with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E0739CA5798FA46D223DF5CD3DD5B887" lsidName="E. erigeronis" pageId="96" pageNumber="97" rank="species" species="erigeronis">E. erigeronis</taxonomicName>
|
||
or
|
||
<taxonomicName id="82DCEA2F0C6F0BCF35953F88C0318094" lsidName="E. inornatus" pageId="96" pageNumber="97" rank="species" species="inornatus">E. inornatus</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="01E29A948199CA46F358A73F0713E337" pageId="96" pageNumber="97" type="materials_examined">
|
||
<paragraph id="045F97D3F5A2607CB36782A20AE28E14" pageId="96" pageNumber="97">Material studied.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="3CAACCAE515CEC083400C9BA0D568D0C" pageId="96" pageNumber="97">
|
||
Type material. Primary: USA: Florida: Alachua County, 23.ii.1957, H.V. Weems, Jr. (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="1A92EC66BCEBE2D6090747FAE4ACDB85" lsidName="E. weemsi" pageId="96" pageNumber="97" rank="species" species="weemsi">E. weemsi</taxonomicName>
|
||
holotype ♂, FSCA); North Carolina: Holly Shelter (Pender County), 30.v.1950, T.B. Mitchell (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D048F073C0225942AE40E6EBFB0C68EE" lsidName="E. ilicis" pageId="96" pageNumber="97" rank="species" species="ilicis">E. ilicis</taxonomicName>
|
||
holotype ♀ [USNM, catalog number: 534048]), 18.v.1950, T.B. Mitchell (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="BFCE6EBE344719F20B8AB6BD261D1D68" lsidName="E. vernalis" pageId="96" pageNumber="97" rank="species" species="vernalis">E. vernalis</taxonomicName>
|
||
holotype ♀ [USNM, catalog number: 534607]).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="3CBB0FE88EB87997E1E4F9E2DFBC05CD" pageId="96" pageNumber="97">Secondary: USA: Georgia: Fort Gordon (Richmond County), 25.iv.1959, R.R. Snelling (paratype ♂, NCSU); South Carolina: McClellanville, 12.v.??44, H.K. Townes (paratype ♂, NCSU), 19.v.??44, H. and G. Townes (paratype ♂, NCSU).</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="773D17BE982BCD51638F2E044497ECF4" pageId="96" pageNumber="97" type="materials_examined">
|
||
<paragraph id="2EEBD35103D61E4E91AA7EF567B2AE65" pageId="96" pageNumber="97">DNA barcoded material with BIN-compliant sequences.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="B0369A10B8C80B80CA3232CA64E68B72" pageId="96" pageNumber="97">
|
||
Available. BOLD:ACM5887. Specimens examined and sequenced.-USA: Florida: Apalachicola National Forest (
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="0491D4122E28FBAFA3BD31908C951AAC" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="5" value="30.3291">30.3291°N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
;
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="DF576C73A33C00F0277C459E4D90B621" direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="5" value="-84.5052">84.5052°W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
) (Forest Rd 366, Leon County), 15-20.v.2005, A. Deans, S. Joshi, and D. Murray (1♂, AMNH).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="6AFE23498AD40300C1718703C874C794" pageId="96" pageNumber="97" type="materials_examined">
|
||
<paragraph id="F005502460EBCDA7A380D11BA2EC2DEA" pageId="96" pageNumber="97">Non-barcoded material examined.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="98882C479315FAB1EC2894B12A82E0E6" pageId="96" pageNumber="97">USA: Alabama: Bon Secour National Wildlife Refuge (Baldwin County), 05-07.v.1994, S.A. Marshall (1♀, DEBU); Florida: A.T. Slosson (1♀, AMNH); 3 mi NW Sopchoppy (near Sopchoppy River, Wakulla County), 19.iv.1979, G.B. Fairchild (3♀, FSCA); Blackwater River State Forest (4 mi N Munson, Santa Rosa County), 12.vi.1988, L. Stange and J. Wiley (1♀, FSCA); Destin (Okaloosa County), 17.v.1969, H.V. Weems, Jr. (1♀, FSCA); St. Andrews State Park (Bay County), 05-07.v.1987, L. Stange and J. Wiley (2♀, FSCA), 06-07.v.1987, L. Stange and J. Wiley (1♀, 1♂, FSCA); Suwannee River State Park, 13-25.iv.1977, J.R. Wiley (1♂, FSCA); Torreya State Park (Liberty County), 18.v.1970, H.V. Weems, Jr. (1♀, FSCA); Georgia: St. Catherines Island (Liberty County), 24-28.iv.1972, Thompson and Picchi (1♂, AMNH), 10-14.iv.1991, J.G. Rozen, E. Quinter, and A. Sharkov (1♀, AMNH); South Carolina: Hunting Island State Park (Beaufort County), 08.iv.1963, J.G. and B.L. Rozen (1♂, AMNH).</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |