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<document id="A5F0A8112358F1529172641E26DF1A09" ID-CLB-Dataset="5916" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.3762.1.1" ID-GBIF-Dataset="4577eacc-752d-4eb7-bf1b-6585f03d7d6a" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4909357" ID-ZooBank="68E063AB-2C09-4FCA-8761-FBC73D562990" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1623110906749" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Badano, Davide &amp; Pantaleoni, Roberto Antonio" docDate="2014" docId="314A4C269C772A23EFC158BAFCB15ED2" docLanguage="en" docName="zt03762p071.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 3762 (1)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3.14:Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleId="5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleVersion="14" docTitle="Dendroleon pantherinus" docType="treatment" docVersion="6" lastPageNumber="18" masterDocId="CD73345E9C782A32EF565E3FFF865D20" masterDocTitle="The larvae of European Myrmeleontidae (Neuroptera)" masterLastPageNumber="71" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="16" updateTime="1699002821961" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:title id="1D638EF5D1A02B854DEB72E377F2C9FE">The larvae of European Myrmeleontidae (Neuroptera)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="54F98045082C415B6EDF10CB1602C917">Badano, Davide</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="30647687B7A4A30518C810F354E9725C">Pantaleoni, Roberto Antonio</mods:namePart>
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<treatment id="314A4C269C772A23EFC158BAFCB15ED2" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4909383" ID-GBIF-Taxon="183227279" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4909383" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:314A4C269C772A23EFC158BAFCB15ED2" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/314A4C269C772A23EFC158BAFCB15ED2" lastPageId="17" lastPageNumber="18" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
<subSubSection id="F1F9AEBB9C772A3DEFC158BAFD1C5BBF" box="[151,666,1669,1695]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="B95CFD309C772A3DEFC158BAFD1C5BBF" blockId="15.[151,666,1669,1729]" box="[151,666,1669,1695]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
<heading id="E2144A5C9C772A3DEFC158BAFD1C5BBF" bold="true" box="[151,666,1669,1695]" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" reason="4">
<taxonomicName id="7EE386B39C772A3DEFC158BAFD1C5BBF" ID-CoL="34QD6" authority="(Fabricius, 1787)" baseAuthorityName="Fabricius" baseAuthorityYear="1787" box="[151,666,1669,1695]" class="Insecta" family="Myrmeleontidae" genus="Dendroleon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neuroptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pantherinus">
<emphasis id="8B9721229C772A3DEFC158BAFD1C5BBF" bold="true" box="[151,666,1669,1695]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
<emphasis id="8B9721229C772A3DEFC158BAFE395BBF" bold="true" box="[151,447,1669,1695]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Dendroleon pantherinus</emphasis>
(Fabricius, 1787)
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="F1F9AEBB9C772A23EFC15897FD085E3A" lastPageId="17" lastPageNumber="18" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" type="description">
<paragraph id="B95CFD309C772A3DEFC15897FED05BE1" blockId="15.[151,666,1669,1729]" box="[151,342,1704,1729]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
(
<figureCitation id="21D8E1B59C772A3DEFC95897FE855BE1" box="[159,259,1704,1729]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="10.[151,249,1564,1586]" captionTargetBox="[231,1357,197,1529]" captionTargetId="figure-239@10.[188,1398,193,1584]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURE 3. IX and VIII abdominal sternite of 3rd instar larva of Dendroleontini and Nemoleontini. A, Dendroleon pantherinus; B, Nemoleon notatus; C, Distoleon tetragrammicus; D, Creoleon lugdunensis; E, Neuroleon assimilis; F, Macronemurus appendiculatus; G, Megistopus lucasi; H, Gymnocnemia variegata. Scale bar: 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4909369" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4909369/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Figs. 3A</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="21D8E1B59C772A3DEE585897FEB55BE1" box="[270,307,1704,1729]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="11.[151,249,1936,1958]" captionTargetBox="[241,1323,508,1908]" captionTargetId="figure-216@11.[233,1335,499,1910]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURE 4. Pronotum of 3rd instar larvae of Dendroleontini and Nemoleontini; A, Dendroleon pantherinus; B, Nemoleon notatus; C, Distoleon tetragrammicus; D, Creoleon lugdunensis; E, Neuroleon nemausiensis; F, Macronemurus appendiculatus; G, Megistopus lucasi; H, Gymnocnemia variegata. Scale bar: 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4909373" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4909373/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">4A</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="21D8E1B59C772A3DEE695897FECB5BE1" box="[319,333,1704,1729]" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="16.[151,249,1966,1988]" captionTargetBox="[228,1350,203,1932]" captionTargetId="figure-45@16.[217,1362,193,1938]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="FIGURE 8. Dendroleon pantherinus (Fabricius, 1787), 3rd instar larva (Italy: Emilia Romagna, Castel d’Aiano). Dorsal (above), ventral (middle) and lateral (below) view; a–f: diagnostic characters, see species description." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4909389" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4909389/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">8</figureCitation>
)
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="B95CFD309C772A3DEFC158CFFC015A55" blockId="15.[151,1436,1776,1981]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
The larva of this species was exhaustively described only once by
<bibRefCitation id="DD7280C19C772A3DECD858CEFBA95A29" author="Brauer, F." box="[910,1071,1776,1801]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" pagination="963 - 966" refId="ref39048" refString="Brauer, F. (1867) Beschreibung und Verwandlung des Dendroleon pantherinus Fbr. und Vergleich der bis jetzt bekannten Myrmeleoniden- und Ascalaphiden-Larven. Verhandlungen der Kaiserlich-Koniglichen Zoologisch-Botanischen Gesellschaft in Wien, 17, 963 - 966." type="journal article" year="1867">Brauer (1867)</bibRefCitation>
, as later accounts (
<bibRefCitation id="DD7280C19C772A3DEA5F58CFFA115A29" author="Hagen, H. A." box="[1289,1431,1776,1801]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" pagination="377 - 398" refId="ref39945" refString="Hagen, H. A. (1873) Die Larven von Myrmeleon. Stettiner Entomologische Zeitung, 34, 249 - 295, 377 - 398." type="journal article" year="1873">Hagen 1873</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="DD7280C19C772A3DEFC1592BFEFD5A0D" author="Redtenbacher, J." box="[151,379,1812,1837]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" pagination="335 - 368" refId="ref41745" refString="Redtenbacher, J. (1884) Ubersicht der Myrmeleoniden-Larven. Denkschriften, Akademie der Wissenschaften Wien, Mathematische-Naturwissenschaftliche Klasse, 48, 335 - 368." type="journal article" year="1884">Redtenbacher, 1884</bibRefCitation>
) are based on this study. Afterwards only few records about the finding of the larva exist (
<bibRefCitation id="DD7280C19C772A3DEFC85907FEBE5A71" author="Roubal, J." box="[158,312,1848,1873]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" pagination="172 - 173" refId="ref41894" refString="Roubal, J. (1936) Dendroleon pantherinus F. Acta Societatis Entomologicae Cechosloveniae, 33, 172 - 173." type="journal article" year="1936">Roubal 1936</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="DD7280C19C772A3DEE1C5907FDB15A71" author="Kelner-Pillault, S." box="[330,567,1848,1873]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" refId="ref40089" refString="Kelner-Pillault, S. (1967) Etude ecologique du peuplement entomologique des terreaux d'arbres creux. These presentee a la Faculte des Sciences de l'Universite de Paris. Masson &amp; c. ie, Editeurs, Paris, France, 228 pp." type="book" year="1967">Kelner-Pillault 1967</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="DD7280C19C772A3DED1E5907FC8E5A71" author="Steinmann, H." box="[584,776,1848,1873]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" pagination="1 - 204" refId="ref42570" refString="Steinmann, H. (1967) Tevenyaku fatyolkak, Vizifatyolkak, Recesszarnyuak es Csoros rovarok - Raphidioptera, Megaloptera, Neuroptera es Mecoptera. Fauna Hungariae, 82, 1 - 204." type="journal article" year="1967">Steinmann 1967</bibRefCitation>
).
<bibRefCitation id="DD7280C19C772A3DEC775907FBA85A71" author="Gepp, J. &amp; Holzel, H." box="[801,1070,1848,1873]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" refId="ref39844" refString="Gepp, J. &amp; Holzel, H. (1989) Ameisenlowen und Ameisenjungfern. Myrmeleonidae. Die Neue Brehm-Bucherei 589. A. Ziemsen Verlag, Wittenberg Lutherstadt, 108 pp. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1002 / mmnd. 19900370105" type="book" year="1989">Gepp &amp; Hölzel (1989)</bibRefCitation>
and
<bibRefCitation id="DD7280C19C772A3DEB265907FA825A71" author="Gepp, J." box="[1136,1284,1848,1873]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" refId="ref39801" refString="Gepp, J. (2010) Ameisenlowen und Ameisenjungfern. Myrmeleontidae. Eine weltweite Betrachtung unter besonderer Berucksichtigung Mitteleuropas. 3., neubearbeitete Auflage. Die Neue Brehm-Bucherei 589. Westarp Wissenschaften- Verlagsgesellschaft, Hohenwarsleben, Germany, 168 pp." type="book" year="2010">Gepp (2010)</bibRefCitation>
reported the occasional synanthropy of this species and some behavioural traits.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="B95CFD309C772A3DEF9159BFFDF65A9D" blockId="15.[151,1436,1776,1981]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
<emphasis id="8B9721229C772A3DEF9159BFFE395AB9" bold="true" box="[199,447,1920,1945]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Examined specimen.</emphasis>
<materialsCitation id="098BF76D9C772A3DEE9E59BFFDEB5A9D" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3312215320" collectingDate="2012-03" collectorName="L. Colacurcio" country="Italy" location="Bologna" municipality="Castel d'Aiano" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Emilia-Romagna">
<emphasis id="8B9721229C772A3DEE9E59BFFD805AB9" bold="true" box="[456,518,1920,1945]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
<collectingCountry id="C1F4BDA09C772A3DEE9E59BFFD875AB9" box="[456,513,1920,1945]" name="Italy" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Italy</collectingCountry>
.
</emphasis>
<collectingRegion id="7B2733D29C772A3DED5959BFFD545AB9" box="[527,722,1920,1945]" country="Italy" name="Emilia-Romagna" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Emilia Romagna</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingMunicipality id="5938674A9C772A3DED8959BFFC0D5AB9" box="[735,907,1920,1945]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Castel d’Aiano</collectingMunicipality>
(
<location id="BC3CABEB9C772A3DECCA59BFFB865AB9" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:314A4C269C772A23EFC158BAFCB15ED2:BC3CABEB9C772A3DECCA59BFFB865AB9" box="[924,1024,1920,1945]" country="Italy" municipality="Castel d'Aiano" name="Bologna" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" stateProvince="Emilia-Romagna">Bologna</location>
), tree hole on chestnut,
<date id="CD5DDBF09C772A3DEA4059BFFAF75AB9" box="[1302,1393,1920,1945]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" value="2012-03">
<collectingDate id="DD1922189C772A3DEA4059BFFAF75AB9" box="[1302,1393,1920,1945]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" value="2012-03">III.2012</collectingDate>
</date>
(
<collectorName id="141698E69C772A3DEAD259BFFE905A9D" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">L. Colacurcio</collectorName>
), 1 L1 laboratory-reared to L3
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<caption id="ED9CADB89C682A22EFC15991FB1A5AC3" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4909389" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4909389" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4909389/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" startId="16.[151,249,1966,1988]" targetBox="[228,1350,203,1932]" targetPageId="16">
<paragraph id="B95CFD309C682A22EFC15991FB1A5AC3" blockId="16.[151,1436,1963,2019]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
<emphasis id="8B9721229C682A22EFC15991FE915AE3" bold="true" box="[151,279,1966,1988]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">FIGURE 8.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="7EE386B39C682A22EE755991FD675AE4" authority="(Fabricius, 1787)" baseAuthorityName="Fabricius" baseAuthorityYear="1787" box="[291,737,1966,1988]" class="Insecta" family="Myrmeleontidae" genus="Dendroleon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neuroptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pantherinus">
<emphasis id="8B9721229C682A22EE755991FD995AE4" box="[291,543,1966,1988]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Dendroleon pantherinus</emphasis>
(Fabricius, 1787)
</taxonomicName>
, 3
<superScript id="4E9650789C682A22EDAA5994FC8E5A98" attach="left" box="[764,776,1963,1976]" fontSize="5" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">rd</superScript>
instar larva (Italy: Emilia Romagna, Castel d’Aiano). Dorsal (above), ventral (middle) and lateral (below) view; a–f: diagnostic characters, see species description.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="B95CFD309C692A23EF915EA5FA955CF6" blockId="17.[151,1436,151,1010]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
<emphasis id="8B9721229C692A23EF915EA5FDAA5D93" bold="true" box="[199,556,151,179]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
Description of 3
<superScript id="4E9650789C692A23EED25EA8FE155D85" attach="left" box="[388,403,151,165]" fontSize="6" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">rd</superScript>
instar larva.
</emphasis>
Size: BL
<quantity id="7E1B50D59C692A23EDCA5EA5FC975D92" box="[668,785,154,179]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.06" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" unit="mm" value="10.6">10.60 mm</quantity>
; HL
<quantity id="7E1B50D59C692A23EC1E5EA5FC285D92" box="[840,942,154,179]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.49" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" unit="mm" value="2.49">2.49 mm</quantity>
, HW
<quantity id="7E1B50D59C692A23ECB85EA5FBD25D92" box="[1006,1108,154,179]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.01" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" unit="mm" value="2.01">2.01 mm</quantity>
, ML
<quantity id="7E1B50D59C692A23EBC65EA5FB705D92" box="[1168,1270,154,179]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.79" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" unit="mm" value="1.79">1.79 mm</quantity>
, HW/HL 0.81, ML/HL 0.72. General colouring very pale, whitish pink without contrasting markings; head capsule reddish brown, ocular tubercles black, lateral sides of the head darker, ventral side pale; mandibles reddish brown; legs pale; body covered by black setae and thinner whitish bristles. Head longer than wide, with small ocular tubercles (
<figureCitation id="21D8E1B59C692A23EA6F5F39FA085C3F" box="[1337,1422,262,287]" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="16.[151,249,1966,1988]" captionTargetBox="[228,1350,203,1932]" captionTargetId="figure-45@16.[217,1362,193,1938]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="FIGURE 8. Dendroleon pantherinus (Fabricius, 1787), 3rd instar larva (Italy: Emilia Romagna, Castel d’Aiano). Dorsal (above), ventral (middle) and lateral (below) view; a–f: diagnostic characters, see species description." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4909389" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4909389/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Fig. 8b</figureCitation>
); mandibles bent upward (
<figureCitation id="21D8E1B59C692A23EEE55F15FD805C63" box="[435,518,298,323]" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="16.[151,249,1966,1988]" captionTargetBox="[228,1350,203,1932]" captionTargetId="figure-45@16.[217,1362,193,1938]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="FIGURE 8. Dendroleon pantherinus (Fabricius, 1787), 3rd instar larva (Italy: Emilia Romagna, Castel d’Aiano). Dorsal (above), ventral (middle) and lateral (below) view; a–f: diagnostic characters, see species description." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4909389" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4909389/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Fig. 8e</figureCitation>
), shorter than the head capsule and armed with long teeth (
<figureCitation id="21D8E1B59C692A23EBEE5F15FA8A5C63" box="[1208,1292,298,323]" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="16.[151,249,1966,1988]" captionTargetBox="[228,1350,203,1932]" captionTargetId="figure-45@16.[217,1362,193,1938]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="FIGURE 8. Dendroleon pantherinus (Fabricius, 1787), 3rd instar larva (Italy: Emilia Romagna, Castel d’Aiano). Dorsal (above), ventral (middle) and lateral (below) view; a–f: diagnostic characters, see species description." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4909389" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4909389/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Fig. 8a</figureCitation>
); interdental mandibular setae: (4)(1)(1)(0); few short setae are disposed on the external margin of the mandibles. Pronotum covered by black setae (
<figureCitation id="21D8E1B59C692A23EE9A5F4DFDB65CAB" box="[460,560,370,395]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="11.[151,249,1936,1958]" captionTargetBox="[241,1323,508,1908]" captionTargetId="figure-216@11.[233,1335,499,1910]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURE 4. Pronotum of 3rd instar larvae of Dendroleontini and Nemoleontini; A, Dendroleon pantherinus; B, Nemoleon notatus; C, Distoleon tetragrammicus; D, Creoleon lugdunensis; E, Neuroleon nemausiensis; F, Macronemurus appendiculatus; G, Megistopus lucasi; H, Gymnocnemia variegata. Scale bar: 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4909373" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4909373/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Fig. 4A</figureCitation>
); thoracic setiferous processes prominent (
<figureCitation id="21D8E1B59C692A23EB695F4DFB1C5CAB" box="[1087,1178,370,395]" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="16.[151,249,1966,1988]" captionTargetBox="[228,1350,203,1932]" captionTargetId="figure-45@16.[217,1362,193,1938]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="FIGURE 8. Dendroleon pantherinus (Fabricius, 1787), 3rd instar larva (Italy: Emilia Romagna, Castel d’Aiano). Dorsal (above), ventral (middle) and lateral (below) view; a–f: diagnostic characters, see species description." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4909389" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4909389/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Fig. 8c</figureCitation>
); mesonotum with a characteristic tuft of black hair-like setae holding detritus in live specimens (
<figureCitation id="21D8E1B59C692A23EB565FA6FBD65C92" box="[1024,1104,409,434]" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="16.[151,249,1966,1988]" captionTargetBox="[228,1350,203,1932]" captionTargetId="figure-45@16.[217,1362,193,1938]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="FIGURE 8. Dendroleon pantherinus (Fabricius, 1787), 3rd instar larva (Italy: Emilia Romagna, Castel d’Aiano). Dorsal (above), ventral (middle) and lateral (below) view; a–f: diagnostic characters, see species description." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4909389" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4909389/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Fig. 8f</figureCitation>
). IX abdominal segment subconical in shape (
<figureCitation id="21D8E1B59C692A23EE0D5F82FE285CF6" box="[347,430,445,470]" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="16.[151,249,1966,1988]" captionTargetBox="[228,1350,203,1932]" captionTargetId="figure-45@16.[217,1362,193,1938]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="FIGURE 8. Dendroleon pantherinus (Fabricius, 1787), 3rd instar larva (Italy: Emilia Romagna, Castel d’Aiano). Dorsal (above), ventral (middle) and lateral (below) view; a–f: diagnostic characters, see species description." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4909389" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4909389/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Fig. 8d</figureCitation>
); IX abdominal sternite longer than wide, provided with long setae (
<figureCitation id="21D8E1B59C692A23EBFD5F82FA835CF6" box="[1195,1285,445,470]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="10.[151,249,1564,1586]" captionTargetBox="[231,1357,197,1529]" captionTargetId="figure-239@10.[188,1398,193,1584]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURE 3. IX and VIII abdominal sternite of 3rd instar larva of Dendroleontini and Nemoleontini. A, Dendroleon pantherinus; B, Nemoleon notatus; C, Distoleon tetragrammicus; D, Creoleon lugdunensis; E, Neuroleon assimilis; F, Macronemurus appendiculatus; G, Megistopus lucasi; H, Gymnocnemia variegata. Scale bar: 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4909369" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4909369/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Fig. 3A</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="B95CFD309C692A23EF915FDEFD085E3A" blockId="17.[151,1436,151,1010]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
<emphasis id="8B9721229C692A23EF915FDEFED15CDA" bold="true" box="[199,343,481,506]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Bio-ecology.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="7EE386B39C692A23EE355FDDFD965CDA" baseAuthorityName="Fabricius" baseAuthorityYear="1787" box="[355,528,481,506]" class="Insecta" family="Myrmeleontidae" genus="Dendroleon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neuroptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pantherinus">
<emphasis id="8B9721229C692A23EE355FDDFD965CDA" box="[355,528,481,506]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">D. pantherinus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is a poorly known species associated with temperate woods of broadleaves, apparently avoiding arid biotopes; in
<collectingCountry id="C1F4BDA09C692A23ED145C3AFDF35F3E" box="[578,629,517,542]" name="Italy" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Italy</collectingCountry>
this antlion is reported from the sea level to mountains thus appearing relatively adaptable. The larvae were collected on trees, in tree holes filled with dry detritus and under barks, moreover they are remarkably able to colonize human buildings in proximity of woods, where they hide in sheltered corners (
<bibRefCitation id="DD7280C19C692A23EE335C4EFDD05FAA" author="Gepp, J. &amp; Holzel, H." box="[357,598,625,650]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" refId="ref39844" refString="Gepp, J. &amp; Holzel, H. (1989) Ameisenlowen und Ameisenjungfern. Myrmeleonidae. Die Neue Brehm-Bucherei 589. A. Ziemsen Verlag, Wittenberg Lutherstadt, 108 pp. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1002 / mmnd. 19900370105" type="book" year="1989">Gepp &amp; Hölzel 1989</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="DD7280C19C692A23ED345C4EFD655FAA" author="Gepp, J." box="[610,739,625,650]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" refId="ref39801" refString="Gepp, J. (2010) Ameisenlowen und Ameisenjungfern. Myrmeleontidae. Eine weltweite Betrachtung unter besonderer Berucksichtigung Mitteleuropas. 3., neubearbeitete Auflage. Die Neue Brehm-Bucherei 589. Westarp Wissenschaften- Verlagsgesellschaft, Hohenwarsleben, Germany, 168 pp." type="book" year="2010">Gepp 2010</bibRefCitation>
).
<bibRefCitation id="DD7280C19C692A23EDA05C4DFC125FAA" author="Brauer, F." box="[758,916,625,650]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" pagination="963 - 966" refId="ref39048" refString="Brauer, F. (1867) Beschreibung und Verwandlung des Dendroleon pantherinus Fbr. und Vergleich der bis jetzt bekannten Myrmeleoniden- und Ascalaphiden-Larven. Verhandlungen der Kaiserlich-Koniglichen Zoologisch-Botanischen Gesellschaft in Wien, 17, 963 - 966." type="journal article" year="1867">Brauer (1867)</bibRefCitation>
implied that the larvae could also be found in the soil of pine woods but it is probably a speculation not supported by actual findings. The presence of specimens in artificial structures suggests that, at least potentially, it is able to colonize different kinds of cavities in forested habitats or in their proximity. The larva is an extremely motionless ambush predator, normally staying completely burrowed and covering the body with debris.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="F1F9AEBB9C692A23EF915D1AFE595E42" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="B95CFD309C692A23EF915D1AFE595E42" blockId="17.[151,1436,151,1010]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
<emphasis id="8B9721229C692A23EF915D1AFEE65E1E" bold="true" box="[199,352,805,830]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Distribution.</emphasis>
Europe (except the Iberian Peninsula) and Caucasus; Asian records refer to closely related species (
<bibRefCitation id="DD7280C19C692A23EFA05D76FE555E42" author="Krivokhatsky, V. A." box="[246,467,841,866]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" refId="ref40265" refString="Krivokhatsky, V. A. (2011) Antlions (Neuroptera: Myrmeleontidae) of Russia. KMK, Saint Petersburg, Russia, 334 pp." type="book" year="2011">Krivokhatsky 2011</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="F1F9AEBB9C692A23EF915D52FCB15ED2" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="B95CFD309C692A23EF915D52FCB15ED2" blockId="17.[151,1436,151,1010]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
<emphasis id="8B9721229C692A23EF915D52FEBD5EA6" bold="true" box="[199,315,877,902]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Remarks.</emphasis>
The larva of this species is unmistakeable and the only other European member of the tribe is
<taxonomicName id="7EE386B39C692A23EFC15DAEFD2E5E8A" authority="Holzel &amp; Monserrat, 2002" authorityName="Holzel &amp; Monserrat" authorityYear="2002" box="[151,680,913,938]" class="Insecta" family="Myrmeleontidae" genus="Tricholeon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neuroptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="relictus">
<emphasis id="8B9721229C692A23EFC15DAEFEEB5E8A" box="[151,365,913,938]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Tricholeon relictus</emphasis>
Hölzel &amp; Monserrat, 2002
</taxonomicName>
, distributed in southern
<collectingCountry id="C1F4BDA09C692A23EC965DAEFB855E8A" box="[960,1027,913,938]" name="Spain" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Spain</collectingCountry>
. Despite the larva of this species is unknown, the South African species of
<taxonomicName id="7EE386B39C692A23ED2B5D8AFD705EEE" authorityName="Esben-Petersen" authorityYear="1925" box="[637,758,949,974]" class="Insecta" family="Myrmeleontidae" genus="Tricholeon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neuroptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="8B9721229C692A23ED2B5D8AFD705EEE" box="[637,758,949,974]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Tricholeon</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
differ from
<taxonomicName id="7EE386B39C692A23ECC35D8AFB9C5EEE" authorityName="Brauer" authorityYear="1866" box="[917,1050,949,974]" class="Insecta" family="Myrmeleontidae" genus="Dendroleon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neuroptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="8B9721229C692A23ECC35D8AFB9C5EEE" box="[917,1050,949,974]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Dendroleon</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in the development of thoracic setiferous processes and teeth (
<bibRefCitation id="DD7280C19C692A23EEA45DE6FD165ED2" author="Mansell, M. W." box="[498,656,985,1010]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" pagination="45 - 55" refId="ref40726" refString="Mansell, M. W. (1988) The Myrmeleontidae (Neuroptera) of southern Africa: Genus. Tricholeon Esben-Petersen. Neuroptera International, 5, 45 - 55." type="journal article" year="1988">Mansell 1988</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="DD7280C19C692A23EDCD5DE6FCAD5ED2" author="Stange, L. A." box="[667,811,985,1010]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" pagination="1 - 565" refId="ref42121" refString="Stange, L. A. (2004) A systematic catalog, bibliography and classification of the world antlions (Insecta: Neuroptera: Myrmeleontidae). Memoirs of the American Entomological Institute, 74, 1 - 565." type="journal article" year="2004">Stange 2004</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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