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<document id="03DBFF0835702EDF1B5120106250A86D" ID-CLB-Dataset="5916" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.3762.1.1" ID-GBIF-Dataset="4577eacc-752d-4eb7-bf1b-6585f03d7d6a" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4909357" ID-ZooBank="68E063AB-2C09-4FCA-8761-FBC73D562990" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1623110906749" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Badano, Davide &amp; Pantaleoni, Roberto Antonio" docDate="2014" docId="314A4C269C482A00EFC15ACDFA855FED" docLanguage="en" docName="zt03762p071.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 3762 (1)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3.14:Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleId="5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleVersion="14" docTitle="Synclisis baetica" docType="treatment" docVersion="8" lastPageNumber="51" masterDocId="CD73345E9C782A32EF565E3FFF865D20" masterDocTitle="The larvae of European Myrmeleontidae (Neuroptera)" masterLastPageNumber="71" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="49" updateTime="1699002821961" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:title id="E57FD6AEB175BC39BC6A82CD1F55572F">The larvae of European Myrmeleontidae (Neuroptera)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="7B84B6C586D2C900085466EE73C3150B">Badano, Davide</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="94ABA1F6475866E7202BEA10239FC7C1">Pantaleoni, Roberto Antonio</mods:namePart>
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<treatment id="314A4C269C482A00EFC15ACDFA855FED" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4909538" ID-GBIF-Taxon="183227332" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4909538" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:314A4C269C482A00EFC15ACDFA855FED" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/314A4C269C482A00EFC15ACDFA855FED" lastPageId="50" lastPageNumber="51" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">
<subSubSection id="F1F9AEBB9C482A02EFC15ACDFDAF582D" box="[151,553,1266,1293]" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" type="nomenclature">
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<heading id="E2144A5C9C482A02EFC15ACDFDAF582D" bold="true" box="[151,553,1266,1293]" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" reason="4">
<taxonomicName id="7EE386B39C482A02EFC15ACDFDAF582D" ID-CoL="53V2P" authority="(Rambur, 1842)" baseAuthorityName="Rambur" baseAuthorityYear="1842" box="[151,553,1266,1293]" class="Insecta" family="Myrmeleontidae" genus="Synclisis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neuroptera" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="baetica">
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<emphasis id="8B9721229C482A02EFC15ACDFED8582C" bold="true" box="[151,350,1266,1292]" italics="true" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">Synclisis baetica</emphasis>
(Rambur, 1842)
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</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="F1F9AEBB9C482A02EFC15B2AFC345B52" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" type="description">
<paragraph id="B95CFD309C482A02EFC15B2AFEAB580E" blockId="48.[151,553,1266,1326]" box="[151,301,1301,1326]" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">
(
<figureCitation id="21D8E1B59C482A02EFC95B2AFF7A580E" box="[159,252,1301,1326]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="9.[151,249,1450,1472]" captionTargetBox="[232,1359,418,1426]" captionTargetId="figure-231@9.[224,1363,411,1426]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 2. IX and VIII abdominal sternite of 3rd instar larvae of Palparini, Myrmecaelurini, Nesoleontini and Acanthaclisini. A, Palpares libelluloides; B, Myrmecaelurus trigrammus; C, Cueta beieri; D, Cueta lineosa; E, Acanthaclisis occitanica; F, Synclisis baetica. Scale bar: 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4909365" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4909365/files/figure.png" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">Figs. 2F</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="21D8E1B59C482A02EE5E5B2AFEA3580E" box="[264,293,1301,1326]" captionStart="FIGURE 25" captionStartId="49.[151,249,1970,1992]" captionTargetBox="[250,1340,201,1954]" captionTargetId="figure-44@49.[239,1349,193,1958]" captionTargetPageId="49" captionText="FIGURE 25. Synclisis baetica (Rambur, 1842), 3rd instar larva (Italy: Sardinia, Sorso, Platamona). Dorsal (above), ventral (middle) and lateral (below) view; a–d: diagnostic characters, see species description." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4909455" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4909455/files/figure.png" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">25</figureCitation>
)
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="B95CFD309C482A02EFC15B62FC345B52" blockId="48.[151,1437,1373,2013]" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">
The remarkable larva of this species has a surprisingly long history of misidentifications with
<taxonomicName id="7EE386B39C482A02EA555B61FA1D5855" baseAuthorityName="Villers" baseAuthorityYear="1789" box="[1283,1435,1374,1397]" class="Insecta" family="Myrmeleontidae" genus="Acanthaclisis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neuroptera" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="occitanica">
<emphasis id="8B9721229C482A02EA555B61FA1D5855" box="[1283,1435,1374,1397]" italics="true" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">A. occitanica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<bibRefCitation id="DD7280C19C482A02EFC85BBEFEB358BA" author="Dufour, L." box="[158,309,1409,1434]" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" pagination="283 - 317" refId="ref39534" refString="Dufour, L. (1854) Excursion entomologique aux dunes de Biscarosse et d'Arcachon. Actes de la Societe Linneenne de Bordeaux, 19, 283 - 317." type="journal article" year="1854">Dufour 1854</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="DD7280C19C482A02EE175BBEFE5658BA" author="Ferrari, G. F." box="[321,464,1409,1434]" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" pagination="105 - 113" refId="ref39703" refString="Ferrari, G. F. (1864) Kleiner Beitrag zur Kaferfauna Venedigs und des Lido, mitgetheilt von einem suddeutschen Entomologen. Wiener Entomologische Monatsschrift, 8, 105 - 113." type="journal article" year="1864">Ferrari 1864</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="DD7280C19C482A02EE8B5BBEFDEF58BA" author="Girard, M." box="[477,617,1409,1434]" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" refId="ref39892" refString="Girard, M. (1875) Myrmeleontides du sud-ouest de la France. Bulletin de la Societe Entomologique de France, 5." type="book" year="1875">Girard 1875</bibRefCitation>
; Dubois 1899) and even with
<taxonomicName id="7EE386B39C482A02EC965BBEFBA258BA" authorityName="Rambur" authorityYear="1842" box="[960,1060,1409,1434]" class="Insecta" family="Myrmeleontidae" genus="Palpares" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neuroptera" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="8B9721229C482A02EC965BBEFBA258BA" box="[960,1060,1409,1434]" italics="true" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">Palpares</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<bibRefCitation id="DD7280C19C482A02EB625BBEFB7E58BA" author="McLachlan, R." box="[1076,1272,1409,1434]" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" pagination="444 - 451" refId="ref41050" refString="McLachlan, R. (1873) Neuropterologisches. Stettiner Entomologische Zeitung, 34, 444 - 451." type="journal article" year="1873">McLachlan 1873</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="DD7280C19C482A02EA535BBEFA0958BA" author="Navas, L." box="[1285,1423,1409,1434]" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" refId="ref41269" refString="Navas, L. (1923) Fauna de Catalunya. Entomologia de Catalunya. Neuropters. Fascicle I. Neuropters Propis. Publicacions de l'Institut d'Estudis Catalans, seccio de Ciencies, Barcelona, Spain, 270 pp." type="book" year="1923">Navás 1923</bibRefCitation>
). The first description with correct identification was realized by
<bibRefCitation id="DD7280C19C482A02EC3C5B9AFBDE589E" author="Redtenbacher, J." box="[874,1112,1445,1470]" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" pagination="335 - 368" refId="ref41745" refString="Redtenbacher, J. (1884) Ubersicht der Myrmeleoniden-Larven. Denkschriften, Akademie der Wissenschaften Wien, Mathematische-Naturwissenschaftliche Klasse, 48, 335 - 368." type="journal article" year="1884">Redtenbacher (1884)</bibRefCitation>
, followed few years later by an anatomic study by
<bibRefCitation id="DD7280C19C482A02EEC75BF6FDBB58C2" author="Meinert, F." box="[401,573,1481,1506]" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" pagination="43 - 66" refId="ref41069" refString="Meinert, F. (1889) Contribution a l'anatomie de Fourmilions. Oversigt over det Kongelige Danske Videnskabernes Selskabs Forhandlinger 1889, 43 - 66." type="journal article" year="1889">Meinert (1889)</bibRefCitation>
despite the latter author identified this species as “
<taxonomicName id="7EE386B39C482A02EBD45BF6FF7F5B26" authority="Rambur" authorityName="Rambur" authorityYear="1842" class="Insecta" family="Myrmeleontidae" genus="Myrmeleon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neuroptera" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pallidipennis">
<emphasis id="8B9721229C482A02EBD45BF6FA1A58C2" box="[1154,1436,1481,1506]" italics="true" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">Myrmeleon pallidipennis</emphasis>
Rambur
</taxonomicName>
?”. The best study on the biology of this species is the excellent work of
<bibRefCitation id="DD7280C19C482A02EB6D5BD2FB615B26" author="Principi, M. M." box="[1083,1255,1517,1542]" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" pagination="234 - 253" refId="ref41679" refString="Principi, M. M. (1947) Contributi allo studio dei Neurotteri Italiani. VI. Synclisis baetica Ramb. (Myrmeleonidae - Acanthaclisini). Bollettino dell'Istituto di Entomologia dell'Universita degli Studi di Bologna, 16, 234 - 253." type="journal article" year="1947">Principi (1947)</bibRefCitation>
dealing the life cycle, the larval morphology, ecology and behaviour. This antlion is probably the better known European non pitbuilding species being extensively studied (Richard 1952;
<bibRefCitation id="DD7280C19C482A02EC72580AFB915B6E" author="Richard, G. &amp; Pons, R." box="[804,1047,1589,1614]" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" pagination="381 - 387" refId="ref41838" refString="Richard, G. &amp; Pons, R. (1952) Contribution a l'etude ecologique des Fourmilions dans les Pyrenees-Orientales. Vie et Milieu, 2, 381 - 387." type="journal article" year="1952">Richard &amp; Pons 1952</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="DD7280C19C482A02EB75580AFB2E5B6E" author="Saffre, G." box="[1059,1192,1589,1614]" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" pagination="28 - 37" refId="ref41916" refString="Saffre, G. (1957) Le tentorium de la larve du 3 e stade d' Acanthaclisis (Synclisis) baetica Ramb. (Nevroptere Planipenne - Famille des Myrmeleonidae). Bulletin de la Societe Zoologique de France, 82, 28 - 37." type="journal article" year="1957">Saffré 1957</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="DD7280C19C482A02EBE2580AFAC35B6E" author="Steffan, J. R." box="[1204,1349,1589,1614]" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" pagination="383 - 410" refId="ref42526" refString="Steffan, J. R. (1975) Les larves de Fourmilions [Planipennes: Myrmeleontidae] de la faune de France. Annales de la Societe Entomologique de France (N. S.), 11, 383 - 410." type="journal article" year="1975">Steffan 1975</bibRefCitation>
; Stange &amp;
<bibRefCitation id="DD7280C19C482A02EFE25866FEBA5B52" author="Miller, R. B. &amp; Stange, L. A." box="[180,316,1625,1650]" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" pagination="119 - 126" refId="ref41182" refString="Miller, R. B. &amp; Stange, L. A. (1985) Description of the antlion larva Navasoleon boliviana Banks with biological notes (Neuroptera; Myrmeleontidae). Neuroptera International, 3, 119 - 126." type="journal article" year="1985">Miller 1985</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="DD7280C19C482A02EE115866FDB35B52" author="Gepp, J. &amp; Holzel, H." box="[327,565,1625,1650]" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" refId="ref39844" refString="Gepp, J. &amp; Holzel, H. (1989) Ameisenlowen und Ameisenjungfern. Myrmeleonidae. Die Neue Brehm-Bucherei 589. A. Ziemsen Verlag, Wittenberg Lutherstadt, 108 pp. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1002 / mmnd. 19900370105" type="book" year="1989">Gepp &amp; Hölzel 1989</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="DD7280C19C482A02ED165866FD395B52" author="Gepp, J." box="[576,703,1625,1650]" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" refId="ref39801" refString="Gepp, J. (2010) Ameisenlowen und Ameisenjungfern. Myrmeleontidae. Eine weltweite Betrachtung unter besonderer Berucksichtigung Mitteleuropas. 3., neubearbeitete Auflage. Die Neue Brehm-Bucherei 589. Westarp Wissenschaften- Verlagsgesellschaft, Hohenwarsleben, Germany, 168 pp." type="book" year="2010">Gepp 2010</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="DD7280C19C482A02ED9D5866FC205B52" author="Krivokhatsky, V. A." box="[715,934,1625,1650]" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" refId="ref40265" refString="Krivokhatsky, V. A. (2011) Antlions (Neuroptera: Myrmeleontidae) of Russia. KMK, Saint Petersburg, Russia, 334 pp." type="book" year="2011">Krivokhatsky 2011</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
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<emphasis id="8B9721229C482A02EF915842FE4A5BB6" bold="true" box="[199,460,1661,1686]" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">Examined specimens.</emphasis>
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<collectingCountry id="C1F4BDA09C482A02EE815842FD965BB6" box="[471,528,1661,1686]" name="Italy" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">Italy</collectingCountry>
.
</emphasis>
<collectingRegion id="7B2733D29C482A02ED765842FDE55BB6" box="[544,611,1661,1686]" country="Italy" name="Lazio" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">Lazio</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingMunicipality id="5938674A9C482A02ED245842FD5F5BB6" box="[626,729,1661,1686]" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">Sabaudia</collectingMunicipality>
(
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),
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<collectionCode id="DFF265F59C482A02EC065842FCE25BB6" box="[848,868,1661,1686]" country="Canada" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:13946" name="Royal British Columbia Museum - Herbarium" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" type="Museum">V</collectionCode>
.2006
</collectingDate>
</date>
(
<collectionCode id="DFF265F59C482A02ECE25842FC4C5BB6" box="[948,970,1661,1686]" country="Chile" name="Departamento de Geologia, Universidad de Chile" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">R</collectionCode>
. A.
<collectorName id="141698E69C482A02EB565842FBFD5BB6" box="[1024,1147,1661,1686]" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">Pantaleoni</collectorName>
), 1 L3
</materialsCitation>
.
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,
<collectingCounty id="503D85BC9C482A02EA1A5842FA1D5BB6" box="[1356,1435,1661,1686]" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">Sassari</collectingCounty>
(
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),
<location id="BC3CABEB9C482A02EE51589DFE0D5B99" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:314A4C269C482A00EFC15ACDFA855FED:BC3CABEB9C482A02EE51589DFE0D5B99" box="[263,395,1698,1721]" country="Italy" county="Sassari" municipality="Sassari" name="Porto Ferro" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" stateProvince="Sardegna">Porto Ferro</location>
, coastal dune,
<date id="CD5DDBF09C482A02ED67589EFD075B9A" box="[561,641,1697,1722]" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" value="1999-05">
<collectingDate id="DD1922189C482A02ED67589EFD075B9A" box="[561,641,1697,1722]" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" value="1999-05">
<collectionCode id="DFF265F59C482A02ED67589EFDC05B9A" box="[561,582,1697,1722]" country="Canada" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:13946" name="Royal British Columbia Museum - Herbarium" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" type="Museum">V</collectionCode>
.1999
</collectingDate>
</date>
(
<collectionCode id="DFF265F59C482A02EDC7589EFD215B9A" box="[657,679,1697,1722]" country="Chile" name="Departamento de Geologia, Universidad de Chile" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">R</collectionCode>
.
<collectorName id="141698E69C482A02EDE5589EFCD75B9A" box="[691,849,1697,1722]" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">A. Pantaleoni</collectorName>
), 2 L3; same locality
<date id="CD5DDBF09C482A02EB13589EFB2C5B9A" box="[1093,1194,1697,1722]" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" value="1999-07">
<collectingDate id="DD1922189C482A02EB13589EFB2C5B9A" box="[1093,1194,1697,1722]" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" value="1999-07">VII.1999</collectingDate>
</date>
(
<collectionCode id="DFF265F59C482A02EBED589EFB575B9A" box="[1211,1233,1697,1722]" country="Chile" name="Departamento de Geologia, Universidad de Chile" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">R</collectionCode>
.
<collectorName id="141698E69C482A02EB8B589EFAFD5B9A" box="[1245,1403,1697,1722]" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">A. Pantaleoni</collectorName>
), 2 L2
</materialsCitation>
.
<materialsCitation id="098BF76D9C482A02EF9058FAFA1E5A22" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3312215356" collectingDate="1994-05" collectingDateMax="2012-08" collectingDateMin="1994-05" collectionCode="R" collectorName="C. Cesaroni " country="Italy" county="Sorso" location="Platamona" municipality="Sassari" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Sardegna">
<collectingRegion id="7B2733D29C482A02EF9058FAFEA05BFE" box="[198,294,1733,1758]" country="Italy" name="Sardegna" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">Sardinia</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingCounty id="503D85BC9C482A02EE6258FAFEF25BFE" box="[308,372,1733,1758]" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">Sorso</collectingCounty>
(
<collectingMunicipality id="5938674A9C482A02EED358FAFE5C5BFE" box="[389,474,1733,1758]" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">Sassari</collectingMunicipality>
),
<location id="BC3CABEB9C482A02EEB958FAFDEE5BFE" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:314A4C269C482A00EFC15ACDFA855FED:BC3CABEB9C482A02EEB958FAFDEE5BFE" box="[495,616,1733,1758]" country="Italy" county="Sorso" municipality="Sassari" name="Platamona" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" stateProvince="Sardegna">Platamona</location>
, coastal dune,
<date id="CD5DDBF09C482A02EC4558FAFCE55BFE" box="[787,867,1733,1758]" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" value="1994-05">
<collectingDate id="DD1922189C482A02EC4558FAFCE55BFE" box="[787,867,1733,1758]" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" value="1994-05">V.1994</collectingDate>
</date>
(
<collectionCode id="DFF265F59C482A02EC2358FAFC0D5BFE" box="[885,907,1733,1758]" country="Chile" name="Departamento de Geologia, Universidad de Chile" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">R</collectionCode>
.
<collectorName id="141698E69C482A02ECCE58FAFBBE5BFE" box="[920,1080,1733,1758]" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">A. Pantaleoni</collectorName>
), 1 L1 and 4 L2; same locality
<date id="CD5DDBF09C482A02EFC158D6FF765A22" box="[151,240,1769,1794]" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" value="1999-04">
<collectingDate id="DD1922189C482A02EFC158D6FF765A22" box="[151,240,1769,1794]" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" value="1999-04">IV.1999</collectingDate>
</date>
(
<collectorName id="141698E69C482A02EE5658D6FE0E5A22" box="[256,392,1769,1794]" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">C. Cesaroni</collectorName>
), 1 L3; same locality
<date id="CD5DDBF09C482A02ED2F58D6FD505A22" box="[633,726,1769,1794]" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" value="2010-09">
<collectingDate id="DD1922189C482A02ED2F58D6FD505A22" box="[633,726,1769,1794]" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" value="2010-09">IX.2010</collectingDate>
</date>
(
<collectorName id="141698E69C482A02EDB058D6FCE45A22" box="[742,866,1769,1794]" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">D. Badano</collectorName>
), 1 L3; same locality
<date id="CD5DDBF09C482A02EB0558D6FB445A22" box="[1107,1218,1769,1794]" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" value="2012-08">
<collectingDate id="DD1922189C482A02EB0558D6FB445A22" box="[1107,1218,1769,1794]" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" value="2012-08">VIII.2012</collectingDate>
</date>
(
<collectorName id="141698E69C482A02EB8458D6FAC85A22" box="[1234,1358,1769,1794]" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">D. Badano</collectorName>
), 1 L3
</materialsCitation>
.
<materialsCitation id="098BF76D9C482A02EFC15932FA1E5A06" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3312215319" box="[151,1432,1805,1830]" collectingDate="1992-05" collectingDateMax="2009-11" collectingDateMin="1992-05" collectionCode="V, R" collectorName="Pantaleoni &amp; Badano" country="Italy" county="Alghero" location="Maria Pia" municipality="Sassari" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Sardegna">
<collectingRegion id="7B2733D29C482A02EFC15932FF715A06" box="[151,247,1805,1830]" country="Italy" name="Sardegna" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">Sardinia</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingCounty id="503D85BC9C482A02EE555932FED95A06" box="[259,351,1805,1830]" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">Alghero</collectingCounty>
(
<collectingMunicipality id="5938674A9C482A02EE385932FE455A06" box="[366,451,1805,1830]" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">Sassari</collectingMunicipality>
),
<location id="BC3CABEB9C482A02EE805932FDC15A06" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:314A4C269C482A00EFC15ACDFA855FED:BC3CABEB9C482A02EE805932FDC15A06" box="[470,583,1805,1830]" country="Italy" county="Alghero" municipality="Sassari" name="Maria Pia" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" stateProvince="Sardegna">Maria Pia</location>
, coastal dune,
<date id="CD5DDBF09C482A02EDBB5932FCBA5A06" box="[749,828,1805,1830]" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" value="1992-05">
<collectingDate id="DD1922189C482A02EDBB5932FCBA5A06" box="[749,828,1805,1830]" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" value="1992-05">
<collectionCode id="DFF265F59C482A02EDBB5932FC875A06" box="[749,769,1805,1830]" country="Canada" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:13946" name="Royal British Columbia Museum - Herbarium" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" type="Museum">V</collectionCode>
.1992
</collectingDate>
</date>
(
<collectionCode id="DFF265F59C482A02EC1B5932FCE55A06" box="[845,867,1805,1830]" country="Chile" name="Departamento de Geologia, Universidad de Chile" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">R</collectionCode>
. A.
<collectorName id="141698E69C482A02ECC75932FB8A5A06" box="[913,1036,1805,1830]" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">Pantaleoni</collectorName>
), 1 L3;
<date id="CD5DDBF09C482A02EB355932FB395A06" box="[1123,1215,1805,1830]" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" value="2009-11">
<collectingDate id="DD1922189C482A02EB355932FB395A06" box="[1123,1215,1805,1830]" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" value="2009-11">XI.2009</collectingDate>
</date>
(D.
<collectorName id="141698E69C482A02EBA55932FACB5A06" box="[1267,1357,1805,1830]" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">Badano</collectorName>
), 2 L3
</materialsCitation>
.
<materialsCitation id="098BF76D9C482A02EFC1590EFB125A6A" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3312215315" box="[151,1172,1841,1866]" collectingDate="2011-04" collectorName="D. Badano" country="Italy" county="Arbus" location="Torre" municipality="Oristano" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Sardegna">
<collectingRegion id="7B2733D29C482A02EFC1590EFF715A6A" box="[151,247,1841,1866]" country="Italy" name="Sardegna" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">Sardinia</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingCounty id="503D85BC9C482A02EE50590EFECC5A6A" box="[262,330,1841,1866]" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">Arbus</collectingCounty>
(
<collectingMunicipality id="5938674A9C482A02EE08590EFE425A6A" box="[350,452,1841,1866]" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">Oristano</collectingMunicipality>
),
<location id="BC3CABEB9C482A02EE8D590DFD915A69" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:314A4C269C482A00EFC15ACDFA855FED:BC3CABEB9C482A02EE8D590DFD915A69" box="[475,535,1842,1865]" country="Italy" county="Arbus" municipality="Oristano" name="Torre" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" stateProvince="Sardegna">Torre</location>
dei
<location id="BC3CABEB9C482A02ED19590EFD225A6A" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:314A4C269C482A00EFC15ACDFA855FED:BC3CABEB9C482A02ED19590EFD225A6A" box="[591,676,1841,1866]" country="Italy" county="Arbus" municipality="Oristano" name="Corsari" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" stateProvince="Sardegna">Corsari</location>
, coastal dune,
<date id="CD5DDBF09C482A02EC03590EFC2B5A6A" box="[853,941,1841,1866]" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" value="2011-04">
<collectingDate id="DD1922189C482A02EC03590EFC2B5A6A" box="[853,941,1841,1866]" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" value="2011-04">IV.2011</collectingDate>
</date>
(
<collectorName id="141698E69C482A02EC97590EFBC45A6A" box="[961,1090,1841,1866]" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">D. Badano</collectorName>
), 1 L3
</materialsCitation>
.
<materialsCitation id="098BF76D9C482A02EBF5590EFB655A4E" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3312215371" collectingDate="2006-06" collectionCode="VI, R" collectorName="A. Pantaleoni &amp; Pantaleoni" country="Tunisia" location="Zoiraa" municipality="Plage Rafraf" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Tunis">
<emphasis id="8B9721229C482A02EBF5590EFA845A6A" bold="true" box="[1187,1282,1841,1866]" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">
<collectingCountry id="C1F4BDA09C482A02EBF5590EFB7B5A6A" box="[1187,1277,1841,1866]" name="Tunisia" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">Tunisia</collectingCountry>
.
</emphasis>
<collectingRegion id="7B2733D29C482A02EA5B590EFAC95A6A" box="[1293,1359,1841,1866]" country="Tunisia" name="Tunis" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">Tunis</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingMunicipality id="5938674A9C482A02EA08590EFF595A4E" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">Plage Rafraf</collectingMunicipality>
<date id="CD5DDBF09C482A02EFB3596AFEC45A4E" box="[229,322,1877,1902]" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" value="2006-06">
<collectingDate id="DD1922189C482A02EFB3596AFEC45A4E" box="[229,322,1877,1902]" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" value="2006-06">
<collectionCode id="DFF265F59C482A02EFB3596AFE855A4E" box="[229,259,1877,1902]" country="Norway" name="Mykotektet, National Veterinary Institute" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">VI</collectionCode>
.2006
</collectingDate>
</date>
(
<collectionCode id="DFF265F59C482A02EE04596AFEEE5A4E" box="[338,360,1877,1902]" country="Chile" name="Departamento de Geologia, Universidad de Chile" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">R</collectionCode>
.
<collectorName id="141698E69C482A02EE25596AFD965A4E" box="[371,528,1877,1902]" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">A. Pantaleoni</collectorName>
), 1 L3.
<location id="BC3CABEB9C482A02ED32596AFD2B5A4E" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:314A4C269C482A00EFC15ACDFA855FED:BC3CABEB9C482A02ED32596AFD2B5A4E" box="[612,685,1877,1902]" country="Tunisia" municipality="Plage Rafraf" name="Zoiraa" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" stateProvince="Tunis">Zoiraâ</location>
beach,
<date id="CD5DDBF09C482A02EC52596AFCE75A4E" box="[772,865,1877,1902]" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" value="2006-06">
<collectingDate id="DD1922189C482A02EC52596AFCE75A4E" box="[772,865,1877,1902]" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" value="2006-06">
<collectionCode id="DFF265F59C482A02EC52596AFCA55A4E" box="[772,803,1877,1902]" country="Norway" name="Mykotektet, National Veterinary Institute" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">VI</collectionCode>
.2006
</collectingDate>
</date>
(
<collectionCode id="DFF265F59C482A02EC26596AFC005A4E" box="[880,902,1877,1902]" country="Chile" name="Departamento de Geologia, Universidad de Chile" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">R</collectionCode>
. A.
<collectorName id="141698E69C482A02ECE2596AFBA95A4E" box="[948,1071,1877,1902]" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">Pantaleoni</collectorName>
), 1 L2 and 1 L3
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="F1F9AEBB9C482A00EF915943FF665FA5" lastPageId="50" lastPageNumber="51" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" type="description">
<paragraph id="B95CFD309C482A00EF915943FDE55CA8" blockId="48.[151,1437,1373,2013]" lastBlockId="50.[151,1437,151,717]" lastPageId="50" lastPageNumber="51" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">
<emphasis id="8B9721229C482A02EF915943FDB65AB5" bold="true" box="[199,560,1913,1941]" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">
Description of 3
<superScript id="4E9650789C482A02EED05946FE135AA7" attach="left" box="[390,405,1913,1927]" fontSize="6" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">rd</superScript>
instar larva.
</emphasis>
Size (based on
<specimenCount id="AFE536B99C482A02EDB25943FC055AB5" box="[740,899,1916,1941]" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" type="generic">12 specimens</specimenCount>
): BL
<quantity id="7E1B50D59C482A02EC975943FBB15AB3" box="[961,1079,1916,1941]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.96" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" unit="mm" value="19.6">19.60 mm</quantity>
; HL
<quantity id="7E1B50D59C482A02EB265943FB535AB3" box="[1136,1237,1916,1941]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.55" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" unit="mm" value="4.55">4.55 mm</quantity>
(4.09–5.00), HW
<quantity id="7E1B50D59C482A02EFC1599FFF7B5A98" box="[151,253,1952,1977]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.62" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" unit="mm" value="3.62">3.62 mm</quantity>
(3.10–4.27), ML
<quantity id="7E1B50D59C482A02EE9C599FFDB65A98" box="[458,560,1952,1977]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.55" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" unit="mm" value="3.55">3.55 mm</quantity>
(3.51–4.42), HW/HL 0.80, ML/HL 0.78. General colouring very pale, sandlike with a conflicting black pattern on the dorsal side, ventral side whitish, unmarked; head capsule with a dorsal pair of large dark markings (
<figureCitation id="21D8E1B59C4A2A00EE815EA8FDBF5D90" box="[471,569,151,176]" captionStart="FIGURE 25" captionStartId="49.[151,249,1970,1992]" captionTargetBox="[250,1340,201,1954]" captionTargetId="figure-44@49.[239,1349,193,1958]" captionTargetPageId="49" captionText="FIGURE 25. Synclisis baetica (Rambur, 1842), 3rd instar larva (Italy: Sardinia, Sorso, Platamona). Dorsal (above), ventral (middle) and lateral (below) view; a–d: diagnostic characters, see species description." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4909455" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4909455/files/figure.png" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">Fig. 25b</figureCitation>
), lateral and ventral sides unmarked (
<figureCitation id="21D8E1B59C4A2A00EC885EA8FBB85D90" box="[990,1086,151,176]" captionStart="FIGURE 25" captionStartId="49.[151,249,1970,1992]" captionTargetBox="[250,1340,201,1954]" captionTargetId="figure-44@49.[239,1349,193,1958]" captionTargetPageId="49" captionText="FIGURE 25. Synclisis baetica (Rambur, 1842), 3rd instar larva (Italy: Sardinia, Sorso, Platamona). Dorsal (above), ventral (middle) and lateral (below) view; a–d: diagnostic characters, see species description." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4909455" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4909455/files/figure.png" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">Fig. 25c</figureCitation>
); mandibles light brown with a dark apex; legs pale; body covered by both black and robust setae and by whitish hair-like ones. Head rectangular, longer than wide; mandibles strong, slightly shorter than the head capsule (
<figureCitation id="21D8E1B59C4A2A00ECB75EE0FBC45DD8" box="[993,1090,223,248]" captionStart="FIGURE 25" captionStartId="49.[151,249,1970,1992]" captionTargetBox="[250,1340,201,1954]" captionTargetId="figure-44@49.[239,1349,193,1958]" captionTargetPageId="49" captionText="FIGURE 25. Synclisis baetica (Rambur, 1842), 3rd instar larva (Italy: Sardinia, Sorso, Platamona). Dorsal (above), ventral (middle) and lateral (below) view; a–d: diagnostic characters, see species description." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4909455" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4909455/files/figure.png" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">Fig. 25a</figureCitation>
); interdental mandibular setae: (0)(1–2)(1–2)(0); short setae are disposed on the external margin of the mandibles from the base to the apical tooth. Mesothoracic and abdominal spiracles dark. VIII abdominal sternite covered by large setae, thicker in proximity of the distal margin; IX sternite triangular in shape, with a transversal series of dark digging setae, caudal margin provided with large setae (
<figureCitation id="21D8E1B59C4A2A00EE965F50FD9B5CA8" box="[448,541,367,392]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="9.[151,249,1450,1472]" captionTargetBox="[232,1359,418,1426]" captionTargetId="figure-231@9.[224,1363,411,1426]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 2. IX and VIII abdominal sternite of 3rd instar larvae of Palparini, Myrmecaelurini, Nesoleontini and Acanthaclisini. A, Palpares libelluloides; B, Myrmecaelurus trigrammus; C, Cueta beieri; D, Cueta lineosa; E, Acanthaclisis occitanica; F, Synclisis baetica. Scale bar: 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4909365" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4909365/files/figure.png" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">Figs. 2F</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="21D8E1B59C4A2A00ED7E5F50FDD15CA8" box="[552,599,367,392]" captionStart="FIGURE 25" captionStartId="49.[151,249,1970,1992]" captionTargetBox="[250,1340,201,1954]" captionTargetId="figure-44@49.[239,1349,193,1958]" captionTargetPageId="49" captionText="FIGURE 25. Synclisis baetica (Rambur, 1842), 3rd instar larva (Italy: Sardinia, Sorso, Platamona). Dorsal (above), ventral (middle) and lateral (below) view; a–d: diagnostic characters, see species description." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4909455" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4909455/files/figure.png" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">25d</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<caption id="ED9CADB89C492A03EFC1598DFC7C5AC7" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4909455" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4909455" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4909455/files/figure.png" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" startId="49.[151,249,1970,1992]" targetBox="[250,1340,201,1954]" targetPageId="49">
<paragraph id="B95CFD309C492A03EFC1598DFC7C5AC7" blockId="49.[151,1435,1967,2023]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">
<emphasis id="8B9721229C492A03EFC1598DFEA45AE7" bold="true" box="[151,290,1970,1992]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">FIGURE 25.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="7EE386B39C492A03EE7D598DFD015AE8" authority="(Rambur, 1842)" baseAuthorityName="Rambur" baseAuthorityYear="1842" box="[299,647,1970,1992]" class="Insecta" family="Myrmeleontidae" genus="Synclisis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neuroptera" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="baetica">
<emphasis id="8B9721229C492A03EE7D598DFE5E5AE8" box="[299,472,1970,1992]" italics="true" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">Synclisis baetica</emphasis>
(Rambur, 1842)
</taxonomicName>
, 3
<superScript id="4E9650789C492A03EDF75990FD2A5A9C" attach="left" box="[673,684,1967,1980]" fontSize="5" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">rd</superScript>
instar larva (Italy: Sardinia, Sorso, Platamona). Dorsal (above), ventral (middle) and lateral (below) view; a–d: diagnostic characters, see species description.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="B95CFD309C4A2A00EF915FABFF665FA5" blockId="50.[151,1437,151,717]" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">
<emphasis id="8B9721229C4A2A00EF915FABFED15C8D" bold="true" box="[199,343,404,429]" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">Bio-ecology.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="7EE386B39C4A2A00EE345FABFE535C8D" baseAuthorityName="Rambur" baseAuthorityYear="1842" box="[354,469,404,429]" class="Insecta" family="Myrmeleontidae" genus="Synclisis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neuroptera" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="baetica">
<emphasis id="8B9721229C4A2A00EE345FABFE535C8D" box="[354,469,404,429]" italics="true" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">S. baetica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is strictly associated with extensive sandy biotopes with limited vegetal covering, therefore it is a characteristic element of open coastal sand dunes although also reported from internal sandy habitats. It is a particularly common species in relatively undisturbed coastal dunes of the Mediterranean. The larvae of
<taxonomicName id="7EE386B39C4A2A00EFA95C3FFEE85F38" baseAuthorityName="Rambur" baseAuthorityYear="1842" box="[255,366,511,536]" class="Insecta" family="Myrmeleontidae" genus="Synclisis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neuroptera" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="baetica">
<emphasis id="8B9721229C4A2A00EFA95C3FFEE85F38" box="[255,366,511,536]" italics="true" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">S. baetica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
are often buried at the base of psammophilus plants, where they are protected from atmospheric agents. The larvae are aggressive and active predators, able to rapidly pursue the prey for a short distance; during the day they are hidden under the sand surface, ambush hunting, while during the night they roam freely on the dunes.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="F1F9AEBB9C4A2A00EF915CB0FC015F88" box="[199,903,655,680]" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="B95CFD309C4A2A00EF915CB0FC015F88" blockId="50.[151,1437,151,717]" box="[199,903,655,680]" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">
<emphasis id="8B9721229C4A2A00EF915CB0FEE65F88" bold="true" box="[199,352,655,680]" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">Distribution.</emphasis>
A widespread species in the western Palaearctic.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="F1F9AEBB9C4A2A00EF915C8BFA855FED" box="[199,1283,692,717]" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="B95CFD309C4A2A00EF915C8BFA855FED" blockId="50.[151,1437,151,717]" box="[199,1283,692,717]" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">
<emphasis id="8B9721229C4A2A00EF915C8BFEBD5FED" bold="true" box="[199,315,692,717]" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">Remarks.</emphasis>
Highly unmistakeable larva without closely related species in the western Palaearctic.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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