178 lines
22 KiB
XML
178 lines
22 KiB
XML
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<mods:title id="65FD01F9F471CFC4198B79F0E9506B9D">The mainly South African genus Lanurgus revised (Coleoptera, Scolytinae)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="380DECB79739649DA1522A0E5FB6CFC1">Jordal, Bjarte H.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="233D0FCAD78A587E587E3434C4EC3D70">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="622662BDB59A160360E0AB1F5537EF39">2021</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="7F29B377F21803378BDACD5558F8DBAA">5027</mods:number>
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<taxonomicName id="28B1B9A0FFE0FFA4FF3DFF51FE7F2490" ID-CoL="8HLCX" authority="Eggers, 1920" authorityName="Eggers" authorityYear="1920" box="[151,438,223,249]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Lanurgus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="90" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="DDC51E31FFE0FFA4FF3DFF51FE7F2490" bold="true" box="[151,438,223,249]" pageId="3" pageNumber="90">
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<emphasis id="DDC51E31FFE0FFA4FF3DFF51FEC72490" bold="true" box="[151,270,223,249]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="90">Lanurgus</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="8B20BFD2FFE0FFA4FEBCFF51FE7F2490" author="Eggers, H." box="[278,438,223,249]" pageId="3" pageNumber="90" pagination="115 - 126" refId="ref10881" refString="Eggers, H. (1920) 60 Neue Borkenkafer (Ipidae) aus Afrika, nebst zehn neuen Gattungen, zwei Abarten. Entomologische Blatter, 16, 115 - 126." type="journal article" year="1920">Eggers, 1920</bibRefCitation>
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</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="A7AB91A8FFE0FFA4FF3DFEAAFDB02555" box="[151,633,291,316]" pageId="3" pageNumber="90" type="type_taxon">
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<paragraph id="EF0EC223FFE0FFA4FF3DFEAAFDB02555" blockId="3.[151,633,291,316]" box="[151,633,291,316]" pageId="3" pageNumber="90">
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<emphasis id="DDC51E31FFE0FFA4FF3DFEAAFEEF2552" bold="true" box="[151,294,291,316]" pageId="3" pageNumber="90">
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<typeStatus id="300A7C81FFE0FFA4FF3DFEAAFF052555" box="[151,204,292,316]" pageId="3" pageNumber="90">Type</typeStatus>
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species:
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</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName id="28B1B9A0FFE0FFA4FE86FEAAFDB02555" ID-CoL="3S7Y2" authority="Eggers, 1920" authorityName="Eggers" authorityYear="1920" box="[300,633,292,316]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Lanurgus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="90" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="barbatus">
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<emphasis id="DDC51E31FFE0FFA4FE86FEAAFE252555" box="[300,492,292,316]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="90">Lanurgus barbatus</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="8B20BFD2FFE0FFA4FE59FEAAFDB02555" author="Eggers, H." box="[499,633,292,316]" pageId="3" pageNumber="90" pagination="115 - 126" refId="ref10881" refString="Eggers, H. (1920) 60 Neue Borkenkafer (Ipidae) aus Afrika, nebst zehn neuen Gattungen, zwei Abarten. Entomologische Blatter, 16, 115 - 126." type="journal article" year="1920">Eggers, 1920</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="A7AB91A8FFE0FFA4FF3DFEE7FA4B211D" pageId="3" pageNumber="90" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph id="EF0EC223FFE0FFA4FF3DFEE7FBB02779" blockId="3.[151,1437,361,1396]" pageId="3" pageNumber="90">
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<emphasis id="DDC51E31FFE0FFA4FF3DFEE7FEB925EA" bold="true" box="[151,368,361,387]" pageId="3" pageNumber="90">Diagnosis, female.</emphasis>
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Antennal scapus shorter than funiculus, dorsally with a triangular extension or spike, anterior side of extension with a dense tuft of long setae; funiculus 6-segmented, pedicel long, at least half the length of segments 2–6 combined; club with two strongly procurved or more rarely transverse sutures. Pronotum in middle with distinct summit, only weakly if at all hunchbacked. Elytral interstriae with one or several interstriae with multiple confused rows of coarse setae; strial setae in rows or confused. Procoxae contiguous. Protibiae twisted, with 3–5 lateral to apical denticles, inner mucro enlarged, curved posteriorly. Metatibiae with three transversely set apical denticles. Ventral setae simple, unifid. Proventriculus with distributed, fine crop spines, occasionally in clusters; apical plate with transverse rows of obtuse teeth, median suture rather narrow, apical teeth often following a tongue-shaped curve; closing teeth free, smooth.
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<emphasis id="DDC51E31FFE0FFA4FD4CFD04FCE026CD" bold="true" box="[742,809,650,676]" pageId="3" pageNumber="90">Male.</emphasis>
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Similar to female except scapus only slightly broader than pedicel, with a fine tuft of much shorter setae; pronotum with 4–6 small contiguous granules or teeth along the anterior margin; male genitalia with tegmen as a complete ring, manubrium slightly elongated or not, apophyses as long as or shorter than penis; spiculum gastrale lightly forked, slightly longer than penis.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="EF0EC223FFE0FFA4FF6DFC94FCA12065" blockId="3.[151,1437,361,1396]" pageId="3" pageNumber="90">
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<emphasis id="DDC51E31FFE0FFA4FF6DFC94FE80275D" bold="true" box="[199,329,794,820]" pageId="3" pageNumber="90">Phylogeny.</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName id="28B1B9A0FFE0FFA4FEE5FC95FE70275D" authorityName="Eggers" authorityYear="1920" box="[335,441,795,820]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Lanurgus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="90" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="DDC51E31FFE0FFA4FEE5FC95FE70275D" box="[335,441,795,820]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="90">Lanurgus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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is clearly separate, molecularly as well as morphologically, from the superficially similar
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<taxonomicName id="28B1B9A0FFE0FFA4FF3DFCB0FE7D2731" authority="Jordal, 2021" authorityName="Jordal" authorityYear="2021" box="[151,436,830,856]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Diplotrichus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="90" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="DDC51E31FFE0FFA4FF3DFCB0FEEC2731" box="[151,293,830,856]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="90">Diplotrichus</emphasis>
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||
<bibRefCitation id="8B20BFD2FFE0FFA4FE83FCB0FE7D2731" author="Jordal, B. H." box="[297,436,830,856]" pageId="3" pageNumber="90" pagination="245 - 278" refId="ref10975" refString="Jordal, B. H. (2021) A phylogenetic and taxonomic assessment of Afrotropical Micracidini (Coleoptera, Scolytinae) reveals a strong diversifying role for Madagascar. Organisms Diversity & Evolution, 21, 245 - 278. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / s 13127 - 021 - 00481 - 4" type="journal article" year="2021">Jordal, 2021</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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. These two genera are most reliably distinguished by the
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<typeStatus id="300A7C81FFE0FFA4FBB5FCB0FB862731" box="[1055,1103,830,856]" pageId="3" pageNumber="90">type</typeStatus>
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of setae on the first abdominal ventrites, which are bifid in
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<taxonomicName id="28B1B9A0FFE0FFA4FE7DFCECFCCF2715" authority="(Jordal 2021)" baseAuthorityName="Jordal" baseAuthorityYear="2021" box="[471,774,866,892]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Diplotrichus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="90" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="DDC51E31FFE0FFA4FE7DFCECFDAC2715" box="[471,613,866,892]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="90">Diplotrichus</emphasis>
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||
(
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<bibRefCitation id="8B20BFD2FFE0FFA4FDD9FCECFD342715" author="Jordal, B. H." box="[627,765,866,892]" pageId="3" pageNumber="90" pagination="245 - 278" refId="ref10975" refString="Jordal, B. H. (2021) A phylogenetic and taxonomic assessment of Afrotropical Micracidini (Coleoptera, Scolytinae) reveals a strong diversifying role for Madagascar. Organisms Diversity & Evolution, 21, 245 - 278. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / s 13127 - 021 - 00481 - 4" type="journal article" year="2021">Jordal 2021</bibRefCitation>
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)
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</taxonomicName>
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. Male genitalia are enormously different in the two genera and the extraordinarily elongated and coiled flagellum in
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<taxonomicName id="28B1B9A0FFE0FFA4FC8DFC08FC7C27C9" baseAuthorityName="Jordal" baseAuthorityYear="2021" box="[807,949,902,928]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Diplotrichus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="90" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="DDC51E31FFE0FFA4FC8DFC08FC7C27C9" box="[807,949,902,928]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="90">Diplotrichus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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leave no doubts about the separate origins of the two genera. The new phylogenetic analysis presented here (
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<figureCitation id="778ADEA6FFE0FFA4FCDDFC24FC7E27AD" box="[887,951,938,964]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="1.[151,250,1954,1978]" captionText="FIGURE 1. Phylogenetic tree based on maximum likelihood analysis of 3138 base pairs from five gene fragments (Table 1; see also Jordal 2021). Bootstrap support values based on 100 replicates noted on branches." pageId="3" pageNumber="90">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
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) also included the
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<typeStatus id="300A7C81FFE0FFA4FB27FC24FB7427AD" box="[1165,1213,938,964]" pageId="3" pageNumber="90">type</typeStatus>
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species
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<taxonomicName id="28B1B9A0FFE0FFA4FAB1FC25FA5427AD" authorityName="Eggers" authorityYear="1920" box="[1307,1437,938,964]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Lanurgus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="90" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="barbatus">
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<emphasis id="DDC51E31FFE0FFA4FAB1FC25FA5427AD" box="[1307,1437,938,964]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="90">L. barbatus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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which was strongly supported in a nested position in the genus, as sister to
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<taxonomicName id="28B1B9A0FFE0FFA4FC71FC41FBFF2781" authority="Jordal, 2021" authorityName="Jordal" authorityYear="2021" box="[987,1078,974,1000]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Lanurgus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="90" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="jubae" status="sp. nov.">
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<emphasis id="DDC51E31FFE0FFA4FC71FC41FBFF2781" box="[987,1078,974,1000]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="90">L. jubae</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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,
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<emphasis id="DDC51E31FFE0FFA4FBEEFC40FB572781" bold="true" box="[1092,1182,974,1000]" pageId="3" pageNumber="90">
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="C6F6A34AFFE0FFA4FBEEFC40FB572781" box="[1092,1182,974,1000]" pageId="3" pageNumber="90" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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</emphasis>
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The genus is therefore solidly anchored by the clade’s close affinity to the
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<typeStatus id="300A7C81FFE0FFA4FD72FC7CFCC12065" box="[728,776,1010,1036]" pageId="3" pageNumber="90">type</typeStatus>
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species.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="EF0EC223FFE0FFA4FF6DFB98FACD20F5" blockId="3.[151,1437,361,1396]" pageId="3" pageNumber="90">
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Large molecular variation is common in Afrotropical micracidines and
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<taxonomicName id="28B1B9A0FFE0FFA4FC4AFB99FB832059" authorityName="Eggers" authorityYear="1920" box="[992,1098,1047,1072]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Lanurgus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="90" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="DDC51E31FFE0FFA4FC4AFB99FB832059" box="[992,1098,1047,1072]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="90">Lanurgus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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is no exception (
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<bibRefCitation id="8B20BFD2FFE0FFA4FAADFB98FA592059" author="Jordal, B. H." box="[1287,1424,1046,1072]" pageId="3" pageNumber="90" pagination="245 - 278" refId="ref10975" refString="Jordal, B. H. (2021) A phylogenetic and taxonomic assessment of Afrotropical Micracidini (Coleoptera, Scolytinae) reveals a strong diversifying role for Madagascar. Organisms Diversity & Evolution, 21, 245 - 278. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / s 13127 - 021 - 00481 - 4" type="journal article" year="2021">Jordal 2021</bibRefCitation>
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||
). Morphologically fairly similar species were in many cases deeply separated by molecular data, with many deep splits observed between species (
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<figureCitation id="778ADEA6FFE0FFA4FDA3FBD0FD832011" box="[521,586,1118,1144]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="1.[151,250,1954,1978]" captionText="FIGURE 1. Phylogenetic tree based on maximum likelihood analysis of 3138 base pairs from five gene fragments (Table 1; see also Jordal 2021). Bootstrap support values based on 100 replicates noted on branches." pageId="3" pageNumber="90">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
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). There is obviously a disconnection between molecular and morphological variation in Afrotropical
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<taxonomicName id="28B1B9A0FFE0FFA4FE04FB0CFDFD20F5" authorityName="LeConte" authorityYear="1876" box="[430,564,1154,1180]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="90" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Micracidini">Micracidini</taxonomicName>
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, with several genera originating in late Paleocene (
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<bibRefCitation id="8B20BFD2FFE0FFA4FBC4FB0CFB3E20F5" author="Jordal, B. H." box="[1134,1271,1154,1180]" pageId="3" pageNumber="90" pagination="245 - 278" refId="ref10975" refString="Jordal, B. H. (2021) A phylogenetic and taxonomic assessment of Afrotropical Micracidini (Coleoptera, Scolytinae) reveals a strong diversifying role for Madagascar. Organisms Diversity & Evolution, 21, 245 - 278. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / s 13127 - 021 - 00481 - 4" type="journal article" year="2021">Jordal 2021</bibRefCitation>
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||
).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="EF0EC223FFE0FFA4FF6DFB28FA4B211D" blockId="3.[151,1437,361,1396]" pageId="3" pageNumber="90">
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Fine-scale morphological similarities are of limited help in guiding more recent relationships. Large and stout species with broad interstriae with the majority of interstriae covered by confused setae were not monophyletic, here represented by
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<taxonomicName id="28B1B9A0FFE0FFA4FEEBFB61FE182161" authorityName="Schedl" authorityYear="1955" box="[321,465,1262,1288]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Lanurgus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="90" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="podocarpi">
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<emphasis id="DDC51E31FFE0FFA4FEEBFB61FE182161" box="[321,465,1262,1288]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="90">L. podocarpi</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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and
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<taxonomicName id="28B1B9A0FFE0FFA4FDACFB61FD642161" authorityName="Schedl" authorityYear="1962" box="[518,685,1262,1288]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Lanurgus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="90" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="xylographus">
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<emphasis id="DDC51E31FFE0FFA4FDACFB61FD642161" box="[518,685,1262,1288]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="90">L. xylographus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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. The species
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<taxonomicName id="28B1B9A0FFE0FFA4FCE9FB61FC7D2161" authority="Jordal, 2021" authorityName="Jordal" authorityYear="2021" box="[835,948,1262,1288]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Lanurgus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="90" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="beaveri" status="sp. nov.">
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<emphasis id="DDC51E31FFE0FFA4FCE9FB61FC7D2161" box="[835,948,1262,1288]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="90">L. beaveri</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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,
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||
<emphasis id="DDC51E31FFE0FFA4FC68FB60FBD32161" bold="true" box="[962,1050,1262,1288]" pageId="3" pageNumber="90">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="C6F6A34AFFE0FFA4FC68FB60FBD32161" box="[962,1050,1262,1288]" pageId="3" pageNumber="90" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
is fairly similar to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="28B1B9A0FFE0FFA4FB47FB61FAA72161" authorityName="Eggers" authorityYear="1920" box="[1261,1390,1262,1288]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Lanurgus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="90" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="barbatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="DDC51E31FFE0FFA4FB47FB61FAA72161" box="[1261,1390,1262,1288]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="90">L. barbatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="28B1B9A0FFE0FFA4FF3DFA9DFEC12145" authority="Jordal, 2021" authorityName="Jordal" authorityYear="2021" box="[151,264,1298,1324]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Lanurgus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="90" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="jubatus" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="DDC51E31FFE0FFA4FF3DFA9DFEC12145" box="[151,264,1298,1324]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="90">L. jubatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="DDC51E31FFE0FFA4FEBBFA9CFEA22145" bold="true" box="[273,363,1298,1324]" pageId="3" pageNumber="90">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="C6F6A34AFFE0FFA4FEBBFA9CFEA22145" box="[273,363,1298,1324]" pageId="3" pageNumber="90" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
, but nevertheless far apart in the molecular analyses. Similarly, species with nodules or spines and impressed interstriae 2 on the declivity were not grouping together. On the other hand,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="28B1B9A0FFE0FFA4FB20FAB9FACE2139" authority="Jordal, 2021" authorityName="Jordal" authorityYear="2021" box="[1162,1287,1334,1360]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Lanurgus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="90" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mattheei" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="DDC51E31FFE0FFA4FB20FAB9FACE2139" box="[1162,1287,1334,1360]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="90">L. mattheei</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="DDC51E31FFE0FFA4FABFFAB8FAA72139" bold="true" box="[1301,1390,1334,1360]" pageId="3" pageNumber="90">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="C6F6A34AFFE0FFA4FABFFAB8FAA72139" box="[1301,1390,1334,1360]" pageId="3" pageNumber="90" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="28B1B9A0FFE0FFA4FF3DFAD5FE8E211D" authority="Jordal, 2021" authorityName="Jordal" authorityYear="2021" box="[151,327,1370,1396]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Lanurgus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="90" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tsitsikammae" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="DDC51E31FFE0FFA4FF3DFAD5FE8E211D" box="[151,327,1370,1396]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="90">L. tsitsikammae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="DDC51E31FFE0FFA4FEFFFAD4FE66211D" bold="true" box="[341,431,1370,1396]" pageId="3" pageNumber="90">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="C6F6A34AFFE0FFA4FEFFFAD4FE66211D" box="[341,431,1370,1396]" pageId="3" pageNumber="90" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
were closely related genetically, sharing the apomorphy of split setae on the scutellum.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |