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<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/mycokeys.73.47287" ID-GBIF-Dataset="e69a7827-2a2d-4199-af4c-8096e15556d9" ID-PMC="PMC7501315" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1314-4049-73-1" ID-Pensoft-UUID="ADB812DA92205A9DA65EA6FA44125801" ID-PubMed="32994702" ModsDocID="1314-4049-73-1" checkinTime="1599895520989" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Spjut, Richard, Simon, Antoine, Guissard, Martin, Magain, Nicolas &amp; Serusiaux, Emmanuel" docDate="2020" docId="297D8B2FDCA3599DA1C0BBBD215E2F6B" docLanguage="en" docName="MycoKeys 73: 1-68" docOrigin="MycoKeys 73" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/mycokeys.73.47287" docTitle="Namibialina Spjut &amp; Simon &amp; Guissard &amp; Magain &amp; Sérusiaux 2020, gen. nov." docType="treatment" docVersion="4" id="ADB812DA92205A9DA65EA6FA44125801" lastPageNumber="1" masterDocId="ADB812DA92205A9DA65EA6FA44125801" masterDocTitle="The fruticose genera in the Ramalinaceae (Ascomycota, Lecanoromycetes): their diversity and evolutionary history" masterLastPageNumber="68" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="1" updateTime="1668136545670" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
<mods:titleInfo>
<mods:title>The fruticose genera in the Ramalinaceae (Ascomycota, Lecanoromycetes): their diversity and evolutionary history</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Spjut, Richard</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation>World Botanical Associates, PO Box 81145, Bakersfield, California 93380, USA</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Simon, Antoine</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation>Evolution and Conservation Biology Unit, Sart Tilman B 22, Quartier Vallee 1, chemin de la vallee 4, B- 4000 Liege, Belgium</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Guissard, Martin</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation>Evolution and Conservation Biology Unit, Sart Tilman B 22, Quartier Vallee 1, chemin de la vallee 4, B- 4000 Liege, Belgium</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Magain, Nicolas</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation>Evolution and Conservation Biology Unit, Sart Tilman B 22, Quartier Vallee 1, chemin de la vallee 4, B- 4000 Liege, Belgium</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Serusiaux, Emmanuel</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation>Evolution and Conservation Biology Unit, Sart Tilman B 22, Quartier Vallee 1, chemin de la vallee 4, B- 4000 Liege, Belgium</mods:affiliation>
<mods:nameIdentifier type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0456-0131</mods:nameIdentifier>
<mods:nameIdentifier type="email">e.serusiaux@uliege.be</mods:nameIdentifier>
</mods:name>
<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
<mods:relatedItem type="host">
<mods:titleInfo>
<mods:title>MycoKeys</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:part>
<mods:date>2020</mods:date>
<mods:detail type="volume">
<mods:number>73</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:extent unit="page">
<mods:start>1</mods:start>
<mods:end>68</mods:end>
</mods:extent>
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<mods:location>
<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/mycokeys.73.47287</mods:url>
</mods:location>
<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/mycokeys.73.47287</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1314-4049-73-1</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-UUID">ADB812DA92205A9DA65EA6FA44125801</mods:identifier>
</mods:mods>
<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="167606534" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:297D8B2FDCA3599DA1C0BBBD215E2F6B" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/297D8B2FDCA3599DA1C0BBBD215E2F6B" lastPageNumber="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<taxonomicName LSID="297D8B2F-DCA3-599D-A1C0-BBBD215E2F6B" authority="Spjut &amp; Sérus." authorityName="Spjut &amp; Simon &amp; Guissard &amp; Magain &amp; Sérusiaux" authorityYear="2020" class="Lecanoromycetes" family="Ramalinaceae" genus="Namibialina" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Fungi" lsidName="Namibialina" order="Lecanorales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="genus" status="gen. nov.">
Namibialina Spjut &amp;
<normalizedToken originalValue="Sérus">Serus</normalizedToken>
.
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel pageId="0" pageNumber="1">gen. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="reference_group">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
=
<taxonomicName authorityName="Laurer" authorityYear="1860" class="Lecanoromycetes" family="Ramalinaceae" genus="Ramalina" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Fungi" lsidName="Ramalina melanothrix" order="Lecanorales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="melanothrix">Ramalina melanothrix</taxonomicName>
Laurer, Syn. Meth. Lich. 1(2): 290, tab. VIII, fig. 26, 1860
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
=
<taxonomicName authorityName="Rundel &amp; Bowler" authorityYear="1974" baseAuthorityName="Laurer" class="Lecanoromycetes" family="Ramalinaceae" genus="Trichoramalina" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Fungi" lsidName="Trichoramalina melanothrix" order="Lecanorales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="melanothrix">Trichoramalina melanothrix</taxonomicName>
(Laurer) Rundel and Bowler, The Bryologist 77(2): 194, 1974
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
=
<taxonomicName authorityName="Kistenich, Timdal, Bendiksby &amp; S. Ekman" authorityYear="2018" baseAuthorityName="Laurer" class="Lecanoromycetes" family="Ramalinaceae" genus="Niebla" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Fungi" lsidName="Niebla melanothrix" order="Lecanorales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="melanothrix">Niebla melanothrix</taxonomicName>
(Laurer) Kistenich, Timdal, Bendiksby, S. Ekman, Taxon 67(5): 893, 2018
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="type species">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Type species.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<taxonomicName class="Lecanoromycetes" family="Ramalinaceae" genus="Namibialina" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Fungi" lsidName="Namibialina melanothrix" order="Lecanorales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="melanothrix">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Namibialina melanothrix</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(Laurer) Spjut &amp;
<normalizedToken originalValue="Sérus">Serus</normalizedToken>
., comb. nov.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="description">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Description.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
Thallus shrubby, usually arising from a single holdfast, stiff or flexuose, several cm in height when epiphytic or, saxicolous or developing terricolous shrubby cushions up to ca. 10-15 cm in diam. and 2-6 cm in height (fig. 2 in
<bibRefCitation author="Wirth, V" journalOrPublisher="Carolinea" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" refId="B162" refString="Wirth, V, 2010b. Lichens of the Namib Desert: A guide to their identification. Klaus Hess Verlag: Goettingen, 96 pp." title="Lichens of the Namib Desert: A guide to their identification. Klaus Hess Verlag: Goettingen, 96 pp." year="2010 b">Wirth 2010b</bibRefCitation>
), typically pale green or yellowish-green. Branches usually dividing, regularly or not, dichotomous or not, apices usually with capillaceous or blackish terminal hairs; main branches terete-angular or flattened, distinctly canaliculate, because of well-developed longitudinal strands of cartilagineous tissue. Lateral branches and spinules sometimes present; typical isidia or soralia never observed. Medulla arachnoid, very thin. Cortex 2-layered, but not always typical. Apothecia present or absent, disciform, terminal or marginal and sometimes typically orientated perpendicular to the branch. Ascospores ellipsoid, straight or slightly bent, 1-septate, ca. 10-20
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
5-8
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
. Pycnidia sometimes abundant, with black ostioles. Secondary metabolites: usnic ac. in the cortex.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="remarks">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Remarks.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
The type species of
<taxonomicName authorityName="P.W.Rundel &amp; P.A.Bowler" authorityYear="1974" class="Lecanoromycetes" family="Ramalinaceae" genus="Trichoramalina" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Fungi" lsidName="Trichoramalina" order="Lecanorales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Trichoramalina</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.2307/3241555" author="Rundel, PW" journalOrPublisher="The Bryologist" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="188 - 194" refId="B131" refString="Rundel, PW, Bowler, PA, 1974. The lichen genus Trichoramalina. The Bryologist 77: 188 - 194, DOI: https://doi.org/10.2307/3241555" title="The lichen genus Trichoramalina." url="https://doi.org/10.2307/3241555" volume="77" year="1974">Rundel and Bowler 1974</bibRefCitation>
), characterized by marginal black hairs, is
<taxonomicName lsidName="T. crinita" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="crinita">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">T. crinita</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(Tuck.) Rundel and Bowler, a species endemic to the coastal areas of California and Baja California (Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figure 3. A Landscape in Baja California, San Quintin where Ramalina crinita thrives B R. crinita; C Landscape of the Skeleton Coast Park in Namibia where Namibialina &quot; angulosa &quot; and N. melanothrix thrive D N. melanothrix E-F N. &quot; angulosa 1 &quot; (E) and N. &quot; angulosa 2 &quot; (F). Photographs by E. Serusiaux." figureDoi="10.3897/mycokeys.73.47287.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/451987" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">3</figureCitation>
).
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.12705/675.1" author="Kistenich, S" journalOrPublisher="Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" refId="B78" refString="Kistenich, S, Timdal, E, Bendiksby, M, Ekman, S, 2018. . Taxon 67: 891-904. https://doi.org/10.12705/675.1" title=". Taxon 67: 891 - 904." url="https://doi.org/10.12705/675.1" year="2018">Kistenich et al. (2018)</bibRefCitation>
could demonstrate that it belongs to
<taxonomicName class="Lecanoromycetes" family="Ramalinaceae" genus="Ramalina" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Fungi" lsidName="Ramalina" order="Lecanorales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Ramalina</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and our own accessions support this phylogenetical position. The other species with black hairs (&quot;
<taxonomicName authorityName="P.W.Rundel &amp; P.A.Bowler" authorityYear="1974" class="Lecanoromycetes" family="Ramalinaceae" genus="Trichoramalina" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Fungi" lsidName="Trichoramalina" order="Lecanorales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Trichoramalina</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
&quot;
<taxonomicName authorityName="Rundel &amp; Bowler" authorityYear="1974" baseAuthorityName="Laurer" class="Lecanoromycetes" family="Ramalinaceae" genus="Trichoramalina" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Fungi" lsidName="melanothrix" order="Lecanorales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="melanothrix">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">melanothrix</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
) is shown to have an isolated phylogenetic position and forms together with
<taxonomicName class="Lecanoromycetes" family="Ramalinaceae" genus="Ramalina" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Fungi" lsidName="Ramalina angulosa" order="Lecanorales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="angulosa">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Ramalina angulosa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(sensu
<bibRefCitation author="Wirth, V" journalOrPublisher="Carolinea" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" refId="B162" refString="Wirth, V, 2010b. Lichens of the Namib Desert: A guide to their identification. Klaus Hess Verlag: Goettingen, 96 pp." title="Lichens of the Namib Desert: A guide to their identification. Klaus Hess Verlag: Goettingen, 96 pp." year="2010 b">Wirth 2010b</bibRefCitation>
) the sister group to all other accessions of
<taxonomicName class="Lecanoromycetes" family="Ramalinaceae" genus="Ramalina" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Fungi" lsidName="Ramalina" order="Lecanorales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Ramalina</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
s. str. Although there are no clear-cut morphological, anatomical or chemical autapomorphies, a new genus is here introduced for this lineage endemic to SW Africa (Namibia and South Africa). Indeed, it diverged from
<taxonomicName class="Lecanoromycetes" family="Ramalinaceae" genus="Ramalina" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Fungi" lsidName="Ramalina" order="Lecanorales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Ramalina</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
c. 48 Myrs ago early in the Eocene, almost simultaneously with the emergence of the MRCA (Most Recent Common Ancestor) of the CVN clade comprising three genera, clearly different from one another on morphological and chemical characters. Further, the basal species of
<taxonomicName class="Lecanoromycetes" family="Ramalinaceae" genus="Ramalina" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Fungi" lsidName="Ramalina" order="Lecanorales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Ramalina</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
s. str. is
<taxonomicName lsidName="R. sinensis" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="sinensis">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">R. sinensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, an epiphytic species widespread throughout the Northern Hemisphere, a complete contrast with
<taxonomicName class="Lecanoromycetes" family="Ramalinaceae" genus="Namibialina" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Fungi" lsidName="Namibialina" order="Lecanorales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Namibialina</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and that also started to diversify at c. 20 Myrs.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
Two described species are here assigned to the new genus
<taxonomicName class="Lecanoromycetes" family="Ramalinaceae" genus="Namibialina" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Fungi" lsidName="Namibialina" order="Lecanorales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Namibialina</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
:
<taxonomicName authorityName="Laurer" authorityYear="1860" class="Lecanoromycetes" family="Ramalinaceae" genus="Ramalina" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Fungi" lsidName="Ramalina melanothrix" order="Lecanorales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="melanothrix">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Ramalina melanothrix</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
recovered as a single taxon and &quot;
<taxonomicName class="Lecanoromycetes" family="Ramalinaceae" genus="Ramalina" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Fungi" lsidName="Ramalina angulosa" order="Lecanorales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="angulosa">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Ramalina angulosa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
&quot; (
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1017/S0024282904014203" author="Lalley, JS" journalOrPublisher="The Lichenologist" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="77 - 91" refId="B84" refString="Lalley, JS, Viles, HA, 2005. Terricolous lichens in the northern Namib Desert of Namibia: distribution and community composition. The Lichenologist 37 (1): 77 - 91, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/S0024282904014203" title="Terricolous lichens in the northern Namib Desert of Namibia: distribution and community composition." url="https://doi.org/10.1017/S0024282904014203" volume="37" year="2005">Lalley and Viles 2005</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation author="Wirth, V" journalOrPublisher="Carolinea" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="49 - 60" refId="B161" refString="Wirth, V, 2010a. Flechtengesellschaften der Namibwueste. Carolinea 68: 49 - 60" title="Flechtengesellschaften der Namibwueste." volume="68" year="2010 a">Wirth 2010a</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation author="Wirth, V" journalOrPublisher="Carolinea" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" refId="B162" refString="Wirth, V, 2010b. Lichens of the Namib Desert: A guide to their identification. Klaus Hess Verlag: Goettingen, 96 pp." title="Lichens of the Namib Desert: A guide to their identification. Klaus Hess Verlag: Goettingen, 96 pp." year="2010 b">b</bibRefCitation>
), recovered as a paraphyletic assemblage of three species, with
<taxonomicName lsidName="R. melanothrix" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="melanothrix">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">R. melanothrix</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
nested amongst them. All accessions available for DNA extraction and analysis were collected in Namibia, along ca. 120 km of coastline North of Swakopmund. Therefore, we strongly suspect that a complex assemblage is hidden under these epithets, most probably much more diverse along the coastal deserts of SW Africa, from the southern part of Angola down to the Cape of Good Hope. It is currently under study.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
Strands of cartilaginous tissue develop longitudinally under the cortex in all species of
<taxonomicName class="Lecanoromycetes" family="Ramalinaceae" genus="Namibialina" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Fungi" lsidName="Namibialina" order="Lecanorales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Namibialina</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and in several species of
<taxonomicName class="Lecanoromycetes" family="Ramalinaceae" genus="Ramalina" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Fungi" lsidName="Ramalina" order="Lecanorales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Ramalina</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
resolved at the base of the tree, such as
<taxonomicName lsidName="R. sinensis" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="sinensis">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">R. sinensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName lsidName="R. celastri" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="celastri">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">R. celastri</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. In
<taxonomicName class="Lecanoromycetes" family="Ramalinaceae" genus="Namibialina" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Fungi" lsidName="Namibialina" order="Lecanorales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Namibialina</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, chrondroid stands are &quot;attached to the cortex&quot;, not isolated in the medulla, the medulla is arachnoid, very thin and supported by a 2-layered cortex, sometimes the external layer indistinct (
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.2307/3241555" author="Rundel, PW" journalOrPublisher="The Bryologist" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="188 - 194" refId="B131" refString="Rundel, PW, Bowler, PA, 1974. The lichen genus Trichoramalina. The Bryologist 77: 188 - 194, DOI: https://doi.org/10.2307/3241555" title="The lichen genus Trichoramalina." url="https://doi.org/10.2307/3241555" volume="77" year="1974">Rundel and Bowler 1974</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1139/b81-062" author="Bowler, PA" journalOrPublisher="Canadian Journal of Botany" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="437 - 452" refId="B16" refString="Bowler, PA, 1981. Cortical diversity in the Ramalinaceae. Canadian Journal of Botany 59 (4): 437 - 452, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1139/b81-062" title="Cortical diversity in the Ramalinaceae." url="https://doi.org/10.1139/b81-062" volume="59" year="1981">Bowler 1981</bibRefCitation>
). Another shared plesiomorphy is the lack of secondary metabolites (except for usnic acid in the cortex) in
<taxonomicName class="Lecanoromycetes" family="Ramalinaceae" genus="Namibialina" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Fungi" lsidName="Namibialina" order="Lecanorales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Namibialina</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and in several basal species in
<taxonomicName class="Lecanoromycetes" family="Ramalinaceae" genus="Ramalina" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Fungi" lsidName="Ramalina" order="Lecanorales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Ramalina</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<taxonomicName lsidName="R. celastri" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="celastri">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">R. celastri</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName lsidName="R. fraxinea" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="fraxinea">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">R. fraxinea</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName lsidName="R. hoehneliana" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="hoehneliana">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">R. hoehneliana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName lsidName="R. sinensis" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="sinensis">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">R. sinensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and others). However,
<bibRefCitation author="Wirth, V" journalOrPublisher="Carolinea" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" refId="B162" refString="Wirth, V, 2010b. Lichens of the Namib Desert: A guide to their identification. Klaus Hess Verlag: Goettingen, 96 pp." title="Lichens of the Namib Desert: A guide to their identification. Klaus Hess Verlag: Goettingen, 96 pp." year="2010 b">Wirth (2010b)</bibRefCitation>
mentioned several secondary compounds in &quot;
<taxonomicName class="Lecanoromycetes" family="Ramalinaceae" genus="Ramalina" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Fungi" lsidName="Ramalina angulosa" order="Lecanorales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="angulosa">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Ramalina angulosa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
&quot;:
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
bourgeanic,
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
sekikaic,
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
4'-O-demethylsekikaic and
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
salazinic acid.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
The nomenclature of the above-mentioned epithets can be summarized as follows: Theodor Magnus Fries (Flora 44: 411, 1861) clearly recognized
<taxonomicName authorityName="Laurer" authorityYear="1860" class="Lecanoromycetes" family="Ramalinaceae" genus="Ramalina" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Fungi" lsidName="Ramalina melanothrix" order="Lecanorales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="melanothrix">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Ramalina melanothrix</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
as different from what had been assigned to
<taxonomicName lsidName="R. angulosa" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="angulosa">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">R. angulosa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. He referred to an annotation of Johann Friederich Laurer using that epithet for a collection made by Johann Franz
<normalizedToken originalValue="Drège">Drege</normalizedToken>
&quot;in Africa meridionali&quot;. J.F.
<normalizedToken originalValue="Drège">Drege</normalizedToken>
is a very famous plant collector in the Cape area (
<bibRefCitation author="Gunn, M" journalOrPublisher="The Lichenologist" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" refId="B62" refString="Gunn, M, Codd, LEW, 1981. Botanical Exploration Southern Africa. CRC Press, 400 pp." title="Botanical Exploration Southern Africa. CRC Press, 400 pp." year="1981">Gunn and Codd 1981</bibRefCitation>
) and we can thus assume his specimen was collected in that area. However, in the same section, Th. Fries thoroughly described
<taxonomicName class="Lecanoromycetes" family="Ramalinaceae" genus="Ramalina" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Fungi" lsidName="Ramalina capensis" order="Lecanorales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="capensis">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Ramalina capensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, with two varieties: &quot;Formae duae, quas amplectitur, nominandae:
<normalizedToken originalValue="α">α</normalizedToken>
<taxonomicName class="Lecanoromycetes" family="Ramalinaceae" genus="Ramalina" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Fungi" lsidName="angulosa" order="Lecanorales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="angulosa">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">angulosa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Laur. [
<normalizedToken originalValue="…">...</normalizedToken>
] ramis apicalibus concoloribus et
<normalizedToken originalValue="ß">ss</normalizedToken>
<taxonomicName authorityName="Laurer" authorityYear="1860" class="Lecanoromycetes" family="Ramalinaceae" genus="Ramalina" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Fungi" lsidName="melanothrix" order="Lecanorales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="melanothrix">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">melanothrix</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Laur. [
<normalizedToken originalValue="…">...</normalizedToken>
] apicibus thalli [
<normalizedToken originalValue="…">...</normalizedToken>
] nigricantibus&quot;.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Further, a collection assumed to be a type from the Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh E is available at: https://plants.jstor.org/stable/viewer/10.5555/al.ap.specimen.e00465255.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
There is no doubt that this collection belongs to the &quot;
<taxonomicName class="Lecanoromycetes" family="Ramalinaceae" genus="Ramalina" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Fungi" lsidName="angulosa" order="Lecanorales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="angulosa">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">angulosa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
&quot; assemblage. It has a label indicating it was collected in Tahiti, but annotations by B.J. Coppins (Feb. 1976) reads as &quot;This is a
<normalizedToken originalValue="Drège">Drege</normalizedToken>
specimen from South Africa&quot;.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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