plazi/treatments-xml
2
0
Fork 0
Code Issues Pull requests Releases Activity
treatments-xml/data/03/C4/87/03C487EDFFD7A869FC98F8A28EDCFCE2.xml
maintenance bc2564723d added 03
2024-06-21 12:22:17 +02:00

482 lines
50 KiB
XML
Raw Blame History

This file contains invisible Unicode characters

This file contains invisible Unicode characters that are indistinguishable to humans but may be processed differently by a computer. If you think that this is intentional, you can safely ignore this warning. Use the Escape button to reveal them.

This file contains Unicode characters that might be confused with other characters. If you think that this is intentional, you can safely ignore this warning. Use the Escape button to reveal them.

<document id="A0272334E7383533D175E01D1E40F516" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3757451" ID-GBIF-Dataset="d81354de-a914-4582-98be-811adbff11df" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3757451" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,operationResults" IM.treatments_approvedBy="admin" checkinTime="1587342070353" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Andersen, Knud" docDate="1905" docId="03C487EDFFD7A869FC98F8A28EDCFCE2" docLanguage="en" docName="procZoolSocLondon1905.75-145_OCR.pdf" docOrigin="Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 2" docStyle="DocumentStyle{}" docTitle="Rhinolophus lepidus Blyth" docType="treatment" docVersion="10" lastPageNumber="138" masterDocId="FFFDFF95FFEBA856FFA3FFBD8728FFA8" masterDocTitle="On some Bats of the Genus Rhinolophus, with Remarks on their Mutual Affinities, and Descriptions of Twenty-six new Forms." masterLastPageNumber="145" masterPageNumber="75" pageNumber="135" updateTime="1692989030284" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
<mods:mods id="1C509B9A073BB4EB023C84232F83929A" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
<mods:titleInfo id="CD8C7AEDB10929083A90FBD168A8A024">
<mods:title id="7D6EE1F7F2341FE719ACCAA3C1AA8145">On some Bats of the Genus Rhinolophus, with Remarks on their Mutual Affinities, and Descriptions of Twenty-six new Forms.</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:name id="294485334C3AB90D5DEFAD6CCFBEE9D0" type="personal">
<mods:role id="1223A856E7B09AA566BEC5CECC5B43DA">
<mods:roleTerm id="9011167E1FDA2FEAE00780C65CD4C19D">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="B4F90411E910271B8C35BAC4121AB051">Andersen, Knud</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:typeOfResource id="FE3CAC6BB0AFACC037909D39387A5C78">text</mods:typeOfResource>
<mods:relatedItem id="8E14CAF3B98711497E5192B3F762BB40" type="host">
<mods:titleInfo id="A817C437A3F05D4334E377E3F18517E0">
<mods:title id="7689711CC4FDD7D0F020E1208DEE3723">Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:part id="705E034F2C87A9FE617DE546D2D6BE86">
<mods:date id="12096778BDED9933F974601043472F93">1905</mods:date>
<mods:detail id="FD7FDEEB8BD749D688A8073680EC7364" type="pubDate">
<mods:number id="000647C8BB519AD16681FF018B94C575">1905-12-31</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:detail id="EEC5AFCC8F0771B8FA4AD4195838C83D" type="volume">
<mods:number id="C5255B49DF8ABE8E6213E1B521ADB11B">2</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:extent id="F2685F0131CD958658CF3480452EC4A1" unit="page">
<mods:start id="4E2648DFD153FC386B79EBD2B576CF56">75</mods:start>
<mods:end id="BD7E18C5CFC06F290343F4120F23E255">145</mods:end>
</mods:extent>
</mods:part>
</mods:relatedItem>
<mods:classification id="2D28F7E68FB33397C906B65B217C5E84">journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier id="26D2B2738D3040E76C8502CA4EED443A" type="DOI">http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3757451</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="F250F48569F4EC38E8390BF680D0D08C" type="GBIF-Dataset">d81354de-a914-4582-98be-811adbff11df</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="E5A2B089E07C87E0F0A9C38A8A44ACA4" type="Zenodo-Dep">3757451</mods:identifier>
</mods:mods>
<treatment id="03C487EDFFD7A869FC98F8A28EDCFCE2" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3806554" ID-GBIF-Taxon="163650955" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3806554" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03C487EDFFD7A869FC98F8A28EDCFCE2" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03C487EDFFD7A869FC98F8A28EDCFCE2" lastPageId="63" lastPageNumber="138" pageId="60" pageNumber="135">
<subSubSection id="C3776570FFD7A86AFC98F8A28B17F8D6" box="[827,3135,1823,1918]" pageId="60" pageNumber="135" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8BD236FBFFD7A86AFC98F8A28B17F8D6" blockId="60.[825,3135,1823,1930]" box="[827,3135,1823,1918]" pageId="60" pageNumber="135">
<emphasis id="B919EAE9FFD7A86AFC98F8A28062F8D6" box="[827,1866,1823,1918]" italics="true" pageId="60" pageNumber="135">
<heading id="D09A8197FFD7A86AFC98F8A283AFF8D6" box="[827,1159,1823,1918]" fontSize="69" level="9" pageId="60" pageNumber="135" reason="1">General</heading>
<heading id="D09A8197FFD7A86AFB04F8A2810AF8D6" box="[1191,1570,1823,1918]" fontSize="70" level="8" pageId="60" pageNumber="135" reason="1">Remarks</heading>
on
<heading id="D09A8197FFD7A86AF976F8A28062F8D6" box="[1749,1866,1823,1918]" fontSize="70" level="8" pageId="60" pageNumber="135" reason="1">the</heading>
</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C6D4D78FFD7A86AF8D6F8A28DD3F8D6" ID-CoL="4S988" ID-ENA="1001579" authorityName="Blyth" box="[1909,2811,1823,1918]" class="Mammalia" family="Rhinolophidae" genus="Rhinolophus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="60" pageNumber="135" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lepidus">Rhinolophus lepidus</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B919EAE9FFD7A86AF482F8A28B17F8D6" box="[2849,3135,1823,1918]" italics="true" pageId="60" pageNumber="135">Group.</emphasis>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3776570FFD7A869FDC8F87A8EDCFCE2" lastPageId="63" lastPageNumber="138" pageId="60" pageNumber="135" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="8BD236FBFFD7A86AFDC8F87A8EC0F4BC" blockId="60.[502,3456,1989,5735]" pageId="60" pageNumber="135">
<emphasis id="B919EAE9FFD7A86AFDC8F87A815FF78E" box="[619,1655,1991,2086]" italics="true" pageId="60" pageNumber="135">The ancestral species.—</emphasis>
The ancestors of the
<taxonomicName id="4C6D4D78FFD7A86AF5BEF87A8C49F78E" authorityName="Andersen" authorityYear="1905" box="[2589,2913,1991,2086]" class="Mammalia" family="Rhinolophidae" genus="Rhinolophus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="60" pageNumber="135" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="simplex">
<emphasis id="B919EAE9FFD7A86AF5BEF87A8C49F78E" box="[2589,2913,1991,2086]" italics="true" pageId="60" pageNumber="135">simpleX</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="4C6D4D78FFD7A86AF3E4F87A8A5BF78E" authorityName="Blyth" box="[3143,3443,1991,2086]" class="Mammalia" family="Rhinolophidae" genus="Rhinolophus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="60" pageNumber="135" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lepidus">
<emphasis id="B919EAE9FFD7A86AF3E4F87A8A5BF78E" box="[3143,3443,1991,2086]" italics="true" pageId="60" pageNumber="135">lepidus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
groups were very closely related. The latter had a projectingconnecting process, a slightly smaller skull and teeth. But the general
<emphasis id="B919EAE9FFD7A86AFCCCF6B48196F6C0" box="[879,1726,2313,2408]" italics="true" pageId="60" pageNumber="135">shape of the skull,</emphasis>
the
<emphasis id="B919EAE9FFD7A86AF81AF6B48E70F6C0" box="[1977,2392,2313,2408]" italics="true" pageId="60" pageNumber="135">dentition,</emphasis>
the nose-leaves, apart from the process and a very slight
<emphasis id="B919EAE9FFD7A86AF7E0F6DA8EC1F66E" box="[2115,2537,2407,2502]" italics="true" pageId="60" pageNumber="135">difference</emphasis>
in the shape of the sella, the ears, the
<emphasis id="B919EAE9FFD7A86AFAF6F66080FFF594" box="[1365,2007,2525,2620]" italics="true" pageId="60" pageNumber="135">wing-structure</emphasis>
, the length of the tail, and, we might even say, probably the size, were either identical or extremely similar in both of these extinct Bats.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BD236FBFFD7A86AFDCAF4A28B6EEE6A" blockId="60.[502,3456,1989,5735]" pageId="60" pageNumber="135">
<emphasis id="B919EAE9FFD7A86AFDCAF4A28123F4D6" box="[617,1547,2847,2942]" italics="true" pageId="60" pageNumber="135">The place of origin.</emphasis>
—There can scarcely be any doubt that the
<taxonomicName id="4C6D4D78FFD7A86AFD1EF43484D8F440" authorityName="Blyth" box="[701,1008,2953,3048]" class="Mammalia" family="Rhinolophidae" genus="Rhinolophus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="60" pageNumber="135" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lepidus">
<emphasis id="B919EAE9FFD7A86AFD1EF43484D8F440" box="[701,1008,2953,3048]" italics="true" pageId="60" pageNumber="135">lepidus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
group originated much farther westwards than the
<taxonomicName id="4C6D4D78FFD7A86AFE5AF4488416F3FC" authorityName="Andersen" authorityYear="1905" box="[505,830,3061,3156]" class="Mammalia" family="Rhinolophidae" genus="Rhinolophus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="60" pageNumber="135" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="simplex">
<emphasis id="B919EAE9FFD7A86AFE5AF4488416F3FC" box="[505,830,3061,3156]" italics="true" pageId="60" pageNumber="135">simpleX</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
group. If we regard Japan as a continental group of islands, and put aside Java, on account of its peculiar geological history, we still find, not only the most primitive, but in fact
<emphasis id="B919EAE9FFD7A86AF2AEF3768A51F282" box="[3341,3449,3275,3370]" italics="true" pageId="60" pageNumber="135">all</emphasis>
the species of the
<taxonomicName id="4C6D4D78FFD7A86AFAFAF28A81A0F23E" authorityName="Blyth" box="[1369,1672,3383,3478]" class="Mammalia" family="Rhinolophidae" genus="Rhinolophus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="60" pageNumber="135" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lepidus">
<emphasis id="B919EAE9FFD7A86AFAFAF28A81A0F23E" box="[1369,1672,3383,3478]" italics="true" pageId="60" pageNumber="135">lepidus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
section on the Continent. It is only the section which has spread over the adjacent larger islands, one of which (Sumatra) has comparatively
<emphasis id="B919EAE9FFD7A86AF5D0F1B08CFCF1C4" box="[2675,3028,3597,3692]" italics="true" pageId="60" pageNumber="135">recently</emphasis>
been continental, while another (Java), probably in a more remote period, seems to have been connected with some part or other of Indo­ China; and only one form, still so closely related to the Java species as hardly to be specifically different, has found its way so far eastwards as Lombok. The hypothesis, therefore, cannot be called unfounded, that
<emphasis id="B919EAE9FFD7A86AF9E0EF328A5FEF46" box="[1603,3447,4239,4334]" italics="true" pageId="60" pageNumber="135">of the two ancestral species, the ancient</emphasis>
1
<taxonomicName id="4C6D4D78FFD7A86AFDF2EF468491EEF2" authorityName="Andersen" authorityYear="1905" box="[593,953,4347,4442]" class="Mammalia" family="Rhinolophidae" genus="Rhinolophus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="60" pageNumber="135" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="simplex">simplex</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B919EAE9FFD7A86AFC1AEF46802AEEF2" box="[953,1794,4347,4442]" italics="true" pageId="60" pageNumber="135">” and the ancient 11</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C6D4D78FFD7A86AF8BCEF468F4FEEF2" authorityName="Blyth" box="[1823,2151,4347,4442]" class="Mammalia" family="Rhinolophidae" genus="Rhinolophus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="60" pageNumber="135" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lepidus">lepidus</taxonomicName>
,
<emphasis id="B919EAE9FFD7A86AF7D4EF468BD6EEF2" box="[2167,3326,4347,4442]" italics="true" pageId="60" pageNumber="135">” the former was Eastern</emphasis>
in range (Austro-Indo-Malayan),
<emphasis id="B919EAE9FFD7A86AF8C2EEDE8D77EE6A" box="[1889,2655,4451,4546]" italics="true" pageId="60" pageNumber="135">the latter Western</emphasis>
(
<emphasis id="B919EAE9FFD7A86AF53CEEDE8B32EE6A" box="[2719,3098,4451,4546]" italics="true" pageId="60" pageNumber="135">Oriental</emphasis>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BD236FBFFD7A86AFDCEEE708A57E9F2" blockId="60.[502,3456,1989,5735]" pageId="60" pageNumber="135">
<emphasis id="B919EAE9FFD7A86AFDCEEE708295ED84" box="[621,1469,4557,4652]" italics="true" pageId="60" pageNumber="135">Differentiation*.—</emphasis>
From a systematic point of view I found it convenient to divide the
<taxonomicName id="4C6D4D78FFD7A86AF93CED8680E6ED32" authorityName="Blyth" box="[1695,1998,4667,4762]" class="Mammalia" family="Rhinolophidae" genus="Rhinolophus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="60" pageNumber="135" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lepidus">
<emphasis id="B919EAE9FFD7A86AF93CED8680E6ED32" box="[1695,1998,4667,4762]" italics="true" pageId="60" pageNumber="135">lepidus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
section into three “types
<emphasis id="B919EAE9FFD7A86AF316ED868BD3ED32" box="[3253,3323,4667,4762]" italics="true" pageId="60" pageNumber="135">”</emphasis>
; I think that, phylogenetically speaking, there are two only: the
<taxonomicName id="4C6D4D78FFD7A86AFDA2ECB2841CECC6" authorityName="Blyth" box="[513,820,4879,4974]" class="Mammalia" family="Rhinolophidae" genus="Rhinolophus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="60" pageNumber="135" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lepidus">
<emphasis id="B919EAE9FFD7A86AFDA2ECB2841CECC6" box="[513,820,4879,4974]" italics="true" pageId="60" pageNumber="135">lepidus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and the
<emphasis id="B919EAE9FFD7A86AFAA0ECB28122ECC6" box="[1283,1546,4879,4974]" italics="true" pageId="60" pageNumber="135">minor</emphasis>
type. The former, as coming nearest to
<taxonomicName id="4C6D4D78FFD7A86AFDA2ECC6846EEC72" authorityName="Andersen" authorityYear="1905" box="[513,838,4987,5082]" class="Mammalia" family="Rhinolophidae" genus="Rhinolophus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="60" pageNumber="135" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="simplex">
<emphasis id="B919EAE9FFD7A86AFDA2ECC6846EEC72" box="[513,838,4987,5082]" italics="true" pageId="60" pageNumber="135">simpleX</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in the proportionate size of the skull and teeth, is, probably, the more primitive; it is now distributed over the Indian Peninsula
<emphasis id="B919EAE9FFD7A86AFAB2EBF081BEEB04" box="[1297,1686,5197,5292]" italics="true" pageId="60" pageNumber="135">
(
<taxonomicName id="4C6D4D78FFD7A86AFA92EBF0814FEB04" authorityName="Blyth" box="[1329,1639,5197,5292]" class="Mammalia" family="Rhinolophidae" genus="Rhinolophus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="60" pageNumber="135" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lepidus">lepidus</taxonomicName>
),
</emphasis>
the Himalayas
<emphasis id="B919EAE9FFD7A86AF6EAEBF08C69EB04" box="[2377,2881,5197,5292]" italics="true" pageId="60" pageNumber="135">
(
<taxonomicName id="4C6D4D78FFD7A86AF6CBEBF08C3AEB04" authorityName="Andersen" authorityYear="1905" box="[2408,2834,5197,5292]" class="Mammalia" family="Rhinolophidae" genus="Rhinolophus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="60" pageNumber="135" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="monticola">monticola</taxonomicName>
),
</emphasis>
and
<emphasis id="B919EAE9FFD7A86AF3BEEBF084C1EAB2" italics="true" pageId="60" pageNumber="135">
Malacca (
<taxonomicName id="4C6D4D78FFD7A86AFD87EB068495EAB2" authorityName="Andersen" authorityYear="1905" box="[548,957,5307,5402]" class="Mammalia" family="Rhinolophidae" genus="Rhinolophus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="60" pageNumber="135" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="refulgens">refulgens</taxonomicName>
).
</emphasis>
The latter, the
<emphasis id="B919EAE9FFD7A86AF8C0EB068F41EAB2" box="[1891,2153,5307,5402]" italics="true" pageId="60" pageNumber="135">minor</emphasis>
-type, has spread from the Himalayas (
<emphasis id="B919EAE9FFD7A86AFBB0EA988235EA2C" box="[1043,1309,5413,5508]" italics="true" pageId="60" pageNumber="135">minor</emphasis>
) eastwards through S. China to Japan
<emphasis id="B919EAE9FFD7A86AF406EA988A5FEA2C" box="[2981,3447,5413,5508]" italics="true" pageId="60" pageNumber="135">
(
<taxonomicName id="4C6D4D78FFD7A86AF467EA988A1EEA2C" authorityName="Temminck" box="[3012,3382,5413,5508]" class="Mammalia" family="Rhinolophidae" genus="Rhinolophus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="60" pageNumber="135" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="cornutus">cornutus</taxonomicName>
);
</emphasis>
it is represented on the now quite isolated Anambas Islands
<emphasis id="B919EAE9FFD7A86AFDA0EA46850FE9F2" box="[515,551,5627,5722]" italics="true" pageId="60" pageNumber="135">(</emphasis>
“
<emphasis id="B919EAE9FFD7A86AFDCCEA468372E9F2" box="[623,1114,5627,5722]" italics="true" pageId="60" pageNumber="135">
<taxonomicName id="4C6D4D78FFD7A86AFDCCEA4684CDE9F2" authorityName="Montagu, Trans. Linn. Soc" authorityYear="1808" box="[623,997,5627,5722]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Vespertilio" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="60" pageNumber="135" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="minutus">minutus</taxonomicName>
”);
</emphasis>
its
<emphasis id="B919EAE9FFD7A86AFABEEA4681C6E9F2" box="[1309,1774,5627,5722]" italics="true" pageId="60" pageNumber="135">occurrence</emphasis>
in Java is not surprising, considering
</paragraph>
<footnote id="E8762AF5FFD7A86AFACCE9088D3FE950" box="[1391,2583,5813,5880]" pageId="60" pageNumber="135">
<paragraph id="8BD236FBFFD7A86AFACCE90882B0E950" blockId="60.[1390,1432,5813,5880]" box="[1391,1432,5813,5880]" pageId="60" pageNumber="135">*</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BD236FBFFD7A86AFA1CE90881C6E950" blockId="60.[1470,1774,5813,5891]" box="[1471,1774,5813,5880]" pageId="60" pageNumber="135">
<heading id="D09A8197FFD7A86AFA1CE90881C6E950" bold="true" box="[1471,1774,5813,5880]" fontSize="38" level="25" pageId="60" pageNumber="135" reason="2">
<emphasis id="B919EAE9FFD7A86AFA1CE90881C6E950" bold="true" box="[1471,1774,5813,5880]" pageId="60" pageNumber="135">Compare</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BD236FBFFD7A86AF8A8E908805CE950" blockId="60.[1801,1908,5812,5880]" box="[1803,1908,5813,5880]" pageId="60" pageNumber="135">the</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BD236FBFFD7A86AF832E9088F80E950" blockId="60.[1936,2216,5811,5890]" box="[1937,2216,5813,5880]" pageId="60" pageNumber="135">diagram</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BD236FBFFD7A86AF764E9088E30E950" blockId="60.[2246,2328,5813,5880]" box="[2247,2328,5813,5880]" pageId="60" pageNumber="135">on</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BD236FBFFD7A86AF696E9088E5AE950" blockId="60.[2354,2418,5813,5891]" box="[2357,2418,5813,5880]" pageId="60" pageNumber="135">n.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BD236FBFFD7A86AF632E9088D3FE950" blockId="60.[2447,2583,5813,5880]" box="[2449,2583,5813,5880]" pageId="60" pageNumber="135">138.</paragraph>
</footnote>
<paragraph id="8BD236FBFFD6A86BFCAEFDF08CFCFBF4" blockId="61.[779,3739,588,2934]" pageId="61" pageNumber="136">
the faunistic affinities of that island; and it has established itself on the western coast of the Indian Peninsula (
<emphasis id="B919EAE9FFD6A86BF4CEFD068BCEFCB2" box="[2925,3302,699,794]" italics="true" pageId="61" pageNumber="136">
<taxonomicName id="4C6D4D78FFD6A86BF4CEFD068B91FCB2" authorityName="Andersen" authorityYear="1905" box="[2925,3257,699,794]" class="Mammalia" family="Rhinolophidae" genus="Rhinolophus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="61" pageNumber="136" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="gracilis">gracilis</taxonomicName>
).
</emphasis>
I have but very little doubt that now, when attention has been called to the differences of all these forms of the minor-type, it will be found also in other parts of the Indian Peninsula.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BD236FBFFD6A86BFCDCFBD88B75F9DA" blockId="61.[779,3739,588,2934]" pageId="61" pageNumber="136">
If any inference can be drawn from fragments of a skull and the external characters, the subbadius-type would appear to be an offshoot of the minor-type: already in
<emphasis id="B919EAE9FFD6A86BF55EFA828B2AFA36" box="[2813,3074,1343,1438]" italics="true" pageId="61" pageNumber="136">minor</emphasis>
and
<taxonomicName id="4C6D4D78FFD6A86BF2BEFA8289B9FA36" authorityName="Temminck" box="[3357,3729,1343,1438]" class="Mammalia" family="Rhinolophidae" genus="Rhinolophus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="61" pageNumber="136" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="cornutus">
<emphasis id="B919EAE9FFD6A86BF2BEFA8289B9FA36" box="[3357,3729,1343,1438]" italics="true" pageId="61" pageNumber="136">cornutus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
the process is a little sharper-pointed than in
<taxonomicName id="4C6D4D78FFD6A86BF54CFA148B34F9A0" authorityName="Blyth" box="[2799,3100,1449,1544]" class="Mammalia" family="Rhinolophidae" genus="Rhinolophus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="61" pageNumber="136" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lepidus">
<emphasis id="B919EAE9FFD6A86BF54CFA148B34F9A0" box="[2799,3100,1449,1544]" italics="true" pageId="61" pageNumber="136">lepidus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
; in
<taxonomicName id="4C6D4D78FFD6A86BF34EFA1489A7F9A0" authorityName="Blyth" box="[3309,3727,1449,1544]" class="Mammalia" family="Rhinolophidae" genus="Rhinolophus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="61" pageNumber="136" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="subbadius">
<emphasis id="B919EAE9FFD6A86BF34EFA1489A7F9A0" box="[3309,3727,1449,1544]" italics="true" pageId="61" pageNumber="136">subbadius</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="4C6D4D78FFD6A86BFC7CF9AE82B8F9DA" authorityName="Andersen" authorityYear="1905" box="[991,1424,1555,1650]" class="Mammalia" family="Rhinolophidae" genus="Rhinolophus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="61" pageNumber="136" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="monoceros">
<emphasis id="B919EAE9FFD6A86BFC7CF9AE82B8F9DA" box="[991,1424,1555,1650]" italics="true" pageId="61" pageNumber="136">monoceros</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
this tendency is carried much further.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BD236FBFFD6A86BFC24F9C2897FF722" blockId="61.[779,3739,588,2934]" pageId="61" pageNumber="136">
The skull of the species of the
<taxonomicName id="4C6D4D78FFD6A86BF664F9C28C90F976" box="[2503,3000,1663,1758]" class="Mammalia" family="Rhinolophidae" genus="Rhinolophus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="61" pageNumber="136" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="acuminatus">
<emphasis id="B919EAE9FFD6A86BF664F9C28C90F976" box="[2503,3000,1663,1758]" italics="true" pageId="61" pageNumber="136">acuminatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
section (Java- Lombok, Sumatra-Engano) is of the
<emphasis id="B919EAE9FFD6A86BF5AAF9548C9FF8E0" box="[2569,2999,1769,1864]" italics="true" pageId="61" pageNumber="136">lepidus-ty</emphasis>
pe; the process too; the colour remarkably like that of
<emphasis id="B919EAE9FFD6A86BF5BCF8EE8C92F81A" box="[2591,3002,1875,1970]" italics="true" pageId="61" pageNumber="136">
<taxonomicName id="4C6D4D78FFD6A86BF5BCF8EE8C86F81A" authorityName="Andersen" authorityYear="1905" box="[2591,2990,1875,1970]" class="Mammalia" family="Rhinolophidae" genus="Rhinolophus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="61" pageNumber="136" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="refulgens">refulgens</taxonomicName>
.
</emphasis>
This leads me to suppose that
<emphasis id="B919EAE9FFD6A86BF990F8088F0FF7BC" box="[1587,2087,1973,2068]" italics="true" pageId="61" pageNumber="136">acuminalus</emphasis>
and its allies
<emphasis id="B919EAE9FFD6A86BF570F80889A6F7BC" box="[2771,3726,1973,2068]" italics="true" pageId="61" pageNumber="136">
(
<taxonomicName id="4C6D4D78FFD6A86BF550F8088BD6F7BC" authorityName="Andersen" authorityYear="1905" box="[2803,3326,1973,2068]" class="Mammalia" family="Rhinolophidae" genus="Rhinolophus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="61" pageNumber="136" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="sumatranus">sumatranus</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C6D4D78FFD6A86BF29AF8088958F7BC" authorityName="Andersen" authorityYear="1905" box="[3385,3696,1973,2068]" class="Mammalia" family="Rhinolophidae" genus="Rhinolophus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="61" pageNumber="136" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="calypso">calypso</taxonomicName>
)
</emphasis>
are scarcely more than giant representatives of the lepidus-type.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BD236FBFFD6A86BFC28F7288EB1F590" blockId="61.[779,3739,588,2934]" pageId="61" pageNumber="136">
It is the
<emphasis id="B919EAE9FFD6A86BFAF6F7288037F75C" box="[1365,1823,2197,2292]" italics="true" pageId="61" pageNumber="136">subbadius-</emphasis>
type which, from a zoogeographical point of view, is by far the most interesting: it has spread southwestwards over a vast part of the Ethiopian Region, and westwards over the Mediterranean countries:—
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BD236FBFFD6A86BFC2EF5828A2BEA2A" blockId="61.[779,3739,588,2934]" lastBlockId="61.[804,3759,2948,5511]" pageId="61" pageNumber="136">
(1) The
<emphasis id="B919EAE9FFD6A86BFAA8F5828091F536" box="[1291,1977,2623,2718]" italics="true" pageId="61" pageNumber="136">empusa-type.—</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C6D4D78FFD6A86BF81AF5828F5BF536" authorityName="K. Andersen" authorityYear="1904" box="[1977,2163,2623,2718]" class="Mammalia" family="Rhinolophidae" genus="Rhinolophus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="61" pageNumber="130" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="empusa">
<emphasis id="B919EAE9FFD6A86BF81AF5828F60F536" box="[1977,2120,2623,2718]" italics="true" pageId="61" pageNumber="136">Rh.</emphasis>
empusa
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B919EAE9FFD6A86BF7CCF5828F8DF536" box="[2159,2213,2623,2718]" italics="true" pageId="61" pageNumber="136">*</emphasis>
and
<taxonomicName id="4C6D4D78FFD6A86BF57AF5828C92F536" authorityName="Peters" authorityYear="1866" box="[2777,3002,2623,2718]" class="Mammalia" family="Rhinolophidae" genus="Rhinolophus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="61" pageNumber="136" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="blasii">
<emphasis id="B919EAE9FFD6A86BF57AF5828C92F536" box="[2777,3002,2623,2718]" italics="true" pageId="61" pageNumber="136">blasii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
have progressed further on the way already indicated by
<emphasis id="B919EAE9FFD6A86BF518F5168A1EF4A2" box="[2747,3382,2731,2826]" italics="true" pageId="61" pageNumber="136">
<taxonomicName id="4C6D4D78FFD6A86BF518F5168A02F4A2" authorityName="Blyth" box="[2747,3370,2731,2826]" class="Mammalia" family="Rhinolophidae" genus="Rhinolophus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="61" pageNumber="136" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="subbadius">Rh. subbadius</taxonomicName>
.
</emphasis>
They have the small skull and the small teeth characteristic of
<emphasis id="B919EAE9FFD6A86BF2D2F4AA83E4F44C" italics="true" pageId="61" pageNumber="136">
minor-
<taxonomicName id="4C6D4D78FFD6A86BFC84F43883E4F44C" authorityName="Blyth" box="[807,1228,2949,3044]" class="Mammalia" family="Rhinolophidae" genus="Rhinolophus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="61" pageNumber="136" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="subbadius">subbadius</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
; in the shape of the skull there is no essential difference;
<emphasis id="B919EAE9FFD6A86BFC84F4508E62F3E4" box="[807,2378,3053,3148]" italics="true" pageId="61" pageNumber="136">the dentition is identically the same</emphasis>
; the process is that of a
<emphasis id="B919EAE9FFD6A86BF248F45080BCF312" italics="true" pageId="61" pageNumber="136">sub­ badius; the sella is deltoid,</emphasis>
that is: the tendency, in the
<emphasis id="B919EAE9FFD6A86BF370F3E689BDF312" box="[3283,3733,3163,3258]" italics="true" pageId="61" pageNumber="136">subbadius-</emphasis>
sella (as emphasised above), towards assuming a subacute summit has been further developed; and we still see
<emphasis id="B919EAE9FFD6A86BF4DAF28C802EF250" italics="true" pageId="61" pageNumber="136">the constriction at the middle of the sella.</emphasis>
But
<taxonomicName id="4C6D4D78FFD6A86BF7E0F2248EA8F250" authorityName="K. Andersen" authorityYear="1904" box="[2115,2432,3481,3576]" class="Mammalia" family="Rhinolophidae" genus="Rhinolophus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="61" pageNumber="136" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="empusa">empusa</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="4C6D4D78FFD6A86BF5CCF2248C78F250" authorityName="Peters" authorityYear="1866" box="[2671,2896,3481,3576]" class="Mammalia" family="Rhinolophidae" genus="Rhinolophus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="61" pageNumber="136" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="blasii">
<emphasis id="B919EAE9FFD6A86BF5CCF2248C78F250" box="[2671,2896,3481,3576]" italics="true" pageId="61" pageNumber="136">blasii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
are (as always the Ethiopian and W. Palaearctic species) in several points more highly developed: III.2 is lengthened (about, or more than, 1 the length of III1.); also IV.2 is very much longer (not far from twice the length of
<emphasis id="B919EAE9FFD6A86BFB46F0FA8241F00E" bold="true" box="[1253,1385,3911,4006]" pageId="61" pageNumber="136">IV</emphasis>
1.).
<taxonomicName id="4C6D4D78FFD6A86BF9E4F0FA8F06F00E" authorityName="K. Andersen" authorityYear="1904" box="[1607,2094,3911,4006]" class="Mammalia" family="Rhinolophidae" genus="Rhinolophus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="61" pageNumber="130" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="empusa">
<emphasis id="B919EAE9FFD6A86BF9E4F0FA81FEF00E" box="[1607,1750,3911,4006]" italics="true" pageId="61" pageNumber="136">Rh.</emphasis>
empusa
</taxonomicName>
is, however, an inhabitant of Nyasa- land, far S. of the Equator,
<taxonomicName id="4C6D4D78FFD6A86BF71CF00E8D58EFBA" authorityName="Peters" authorityYear="1866" box="[2239,2672,4019,4114]" class="Mammalia" family="Rhinolophidae" genus="Rhinolophus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="61" pageNumber="136" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="blasii">
<emphasis id="B919EAE9FFD6A86BF71CF00E8D58EFBA" box="[2239,2672,4019,4114]" italics="true" pageId="61" pageNumber="136">Rh. blasii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
of the Mediterranean Subregion; thus, the two extremely closely allied species are now separated by an enormous tract, where no relative appears to occur. As we now know that they are descendants of the Oriental subbadius-type, the explanation seems to be quite clear: one branch spread south west wards, into the Ethiopian Region, and developed into
<taxonomicName id="4C6D4D78FFD6A86BF936ED888FAEED3C" authorityName="K. Andersen" authorityYear="1904" box="[1685,2182,4661,4756]" class="Mammalia" family="Rhinolophidae" genus="Rhinolophus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="61" pageNumber="130" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="empusa">
<emphasis id="B919EAE9FFD6A86BF936ED888001ED3C" box="[1685,1833,4661,4756]" italics="true" pageId="61" pageNumber="136">Rh.</emphasis>
empusa
</taxonomicName>
(slightly more primitive dentition; shorter ears, broader horse-shoe); another westwards into the Mediterranean countries,
<emphasis id="B919EAE9FFD6A86BF866ECB48E5FECC0" box="[1989,2423,4873,4968]" italics="true" pageId="61" pageNumber="136">
<taxonomicName id="4C6D4D78FFD6A86BF866ECB48E42ECC0" authorityName="Peters" authorityYear="1866" box="[1989,2410,4873,4968]" class="Mammalia" family="Rhinolophidae" genus="Rhinolophus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="61" pageNumber="136" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="blasii">Rh. blasii</taxonomicName>
.
</emphasis>
There is an instructive fact connected with these two Bats: I believe them to be comparatively recent intruders into their areas;
<taxonomicName id="4C6D4D78FFD6A86BF56CEC5C8BFEEBE8" authorityName="K. Andersen" authorityYear="1904" box="[2767,3286,5089,5184]" class="Mammalia" family="Rhinolophidae" genus="Rhinolophus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="61" pageNumber="130" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="empusa">
<emphasis id="B919EAE9FFD6A86BF56CEC5C8C4CEBE8" box="[2767,2916,5089,5184]" italics="true" pageId="61" pageNumber="136">Rh.</emphasis>
empusa
</taxonomicName>
is known from one specimen only, from the very
<emphasis id="B919EAE9FFD6A86BF5FEEBF48C0AEB00" box="[2653,2850,5193,5288]" italics="true" pageId="61" pageNumber="136">East</emphasis>
of Tropical Africa;
<taxonomicName id="4C6D4D78FFD6A86BFC98EB0A83F6EABE" authorityName="Peters" authorityYear="1866" box="[827,1246,5303,5398]" class="Mammalia" family="Rhinolophidae" genus="Rhinolophus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="61" pageNumber="136" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="blasii">
<emphasis id="B919EAE9FFD6A86BFC98EB0A83F6EABE" box="[827,1246,5303,5398]" italics="true" pageId="61" pageNumber="136">Rh. blasii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is much more common in the
<emphasis id="B919EAE9FFD6A86BF500EB0A8CDCEABE" box="[2723,3060,5303,5398]" italics="true" pageId="61" pageNumber="136">Eastern</emphasis>
Mediterranean tract, and still it does not seem to have reached Spain t.
</paragraph>
<footnote id="E8762AF5FFD6A86BFC33EA108F89E899" pageId="61" pageNumber="136">
<paragraph id="8BD236FBFFD6A86BFC33EA108F89E899" blockId="61.[831,3329,5549,5940]" pageId="61" pageNumber="136">
* Andersen, Ann. &amp;
<emphasis id="B919EAE9FFD6A86BF9C4EA10802EEA58" box="[1639,1798,5549,5616]" italics="true" pageId="61" pageNumber="136">Mag</emphasis>
. Nat. Hist. (7) xiv. (1904) p. 378 (there is a p. 380: the length of the mandible is 2
<emphasis id="B919EAE9FFD6A86BF761EA438FFDE9E9" box="[2242,2261,5630,5697]" italics="true" pageId="61" pageNumber="136">’</emphasis>
, not 13*1 mm.).
<emphasis id="B919EAE9FFD6A86BFC33E9F18491E927" box="[912,953,5708,5775]" italics="true" pageId="61" pageNumber="136">f</emphasis>
Not recorded in Cabrera Latorre’s “Quirópteros de Espana,
<emphasis id="B919EAE9FFD6A86BF455E9F18B3EE926" box="[3062,3094,5708,5774]" italics="true" pageId="61" pageNumber="136">”</emphasis>
Mem. Hist. Nat. ii. (1904). I am also not satisfied that there is any reliable the African coast of the Mediterranean.
</paragraph>
</footnote>
<paragraph id="8BD236FBFFD6A86BF2B4EA108968EA58" blockId="61.[3350,3648,5548,5625]" box="[3351,3648,5549,5616]" pageId="61" pageNumber="136">misprint</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BD236FBFFD6A86BF1FDEA108980EA58" blockId="61.[3677,3754,5549,5616]" box="[3678,3752,5549,5616]" pageId="61" pageNumber="136">on</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BD236FBFFD6A86BF282E9F18983E927" blockId="61.[3342,3761,5707,5855]" box="[3361,3755,5708,5775]" pageId="61" pageNumber="136">Soc. Espan.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BD236FBFFD6A86BF2B2E9218987E977" blockId="61.[3342,3761,5707,5855]" box="[3345,3759,5788,5855]" pageId="61" pageNumber="136">record from</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BD236FBFFD5A868FD78FDA68BA4F63A" blockId="62.[611,3557,536,5239]" pageId="62" pageNumber="137">
(2) The
<emphasis id="B919EAE9FFD5A868FB02FDA6800CFDD2" box="[1185,1828,539,634]" italics="true" pageId="62" pageNumber="137">landeri-euryale</emphasis>
type.
<emphasis id="B919EAE9FFD5A868F7F4FDA68FEBFDD2" box="[2135,2243,539,634]" italics="true" pageId="62" pageNumber="137">—</emphasis>
The Ethiopian
<taxonomicName id="4C6D4D78FFD5A868F476FDA68AF7FDD2" authorityName="Martin" authorityYear="1838" box="[3029,3551,539,634]" class="Mammalia" family="Rhinolophidae" genus="Rhinolophus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="62" pageNumber="137" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="landeri">
<emphasis id="B919EAE9FFD5A868F476FDA68AF7FDD2" box="[3029,3551,539,634]" italics="true" pageId="62" pageNumber="137">Rh. landeri</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(Fernando Po, Gaboon),
<emphasis id="B919EAE9FFD5A868F90AFD388FACFD4C" box="[1705,2180,645,740]" italics="true" pageId="62" pageNumber="137">
h.
<taxonomicName id="4C6D4D78FFD5A868F8F4FD388FACFD4C" box="[1879,2180,645,740]" higherTaxonomySource="Manual Input" pageId="62" pageNumber="137" rank="species" species="lobatus">lobatus</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
(Lower Zambesi to Mombasa), and
<emphasis id="B919EAE9FFD5A868FC96FD4C84EEFCF8" box="[821,966,753,848]" italics="true" pageId="62" pageNumber="137">Rh.</emphasis>
dobsoni
<emphasis id="B919EAE9FFD5A868FC4EFD4C830AFCF8" box="[1005,1058,753,848]" italics="true" pageId="62" pageNumber="137">*</emphasis>
(Kordofan) have the small skull and the small teeth characteristic of
<emphasis id="B919EAE9FFD5A868F934FCE68E4CFC12" box="[1687,2404,859,954]" italics="true" pageId="62" pageNumber="137">minor-subbadius</emphasis>
; the same shape of the skull;
<emphasis id="B919EAE9FFD5A868FC0AFC7A81F4FB8E" box="[937,1756,967,1062]" italics="true" pageId="62" pageNumber="137">the same dentition</emphasis>
(no vacillation in the position of p); the process is that of a
<emphasis id="B919EAE9FFD5A868F926FB888F16FB3C" box="[1669,2110,1077,1172]" italics="true" pageId="62" pageNumber="137">
<taxonomicName id="4C6D4D78FFD5A868F926FB888F1AFB3C" authorityName="Blyth" box="[1669,2098,1077,1172]" class="Mammalia" family="Rhinolophidae" genus="Rhinolophus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="62" pageNumber="137" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="subbadius">subbadius</taxonomicName>
.
</emphasis>
In so far there is no difference at all between this section and the former (
<emphasis id="B919EAE9FFD5A868F5E8FB208BE0FB54" box="[2635,3272,1181,1276]" italics="true" pageId="62" pageNumber="137">empusa-blasii).</emphasis>
But in the shape of the sella and in a certain peculiarity in the wingstructure they have taken a course of their own:—We have seen, in the
<taxonomicName id="4C6D4D78FFD5A868FC74FA608234F994" authorityName="Andersen" authorityYear="1905" box="[983,1308,1501,1596]" class="Mammalia" family="Rhinolophidae" genus="Rhinolophus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="62" pageNumber="135" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="simplex">
<emphasis id="B919EAE9FFD5A868FC74FA608234F994" box="[983,1308,1501,1596]" italics="true" pageId="62" pageNumber="137">simpleX</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
group, a progressive development from a sella constricted at the middle, through a parallel-margined stage, to a pandurate sella; we have seen in the
<taxonomicName id="4C6D4D78FFD5A868F672F90E8DD6F8BA" authorityName="Blyth" box="[2513,2814,1715,1810]" class="Mammalia" family="Rhinolophidae" genus="Rhinolophus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="62" pageNumber="137" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lepidus">
<emphasis id="B919EAE9FFD5A868F672F90E8DD6F8BA" box="[2513,2814,1715,1810]" italics="true" pageId="62" pageNumber="137">lepidus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
group, too, the constricted sella
<emphasis id="B919EAE9FFD5A868FA10F8A681D2F8D2" box="[1459,1786,1819,1914]" italics="true" pageId="62" pageNumber="137">{minor)</emphasis>
modified into the parallel-margined (
<emphasis id="B919EAE9FFD5A868FD32F83A80FBF84F" box="[657,2003,1927,2023]" italics="true" pageId="62" pageNumber="137">
<taxonomicName id="4C6D4D78FFD5A868FD32F83A84E4F84E" authorityName="Andersen" authorityYear="1905" box="[657,972,1927,2022]" class="Mammalia" family="Rhinolophidae" genus="Rhinolophus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="62" pageNumber="137" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="gracilis">gracilis</taxonomicName>
); the Ethiopian species
</emphasis>
here under consideration
<emphasis id="B919EAE9FFD5A868F3C6F83A85C0F7F8" italics="true" pageId="62" pageNumber="137">represent the</emphasis>
third and
<emphasis id="B919EAE9FFD5A868FB1EF84C8D3EF7F8" box="[1213,2582,2033,2128]" italics="true" pageId="62" pageNumber="137">final stage, the pandtvrate sella.</emphasis>
In addition to this: in all of them IV.1
<emphasis id="B919EAE9FFD5A868F9A6F7E68D2CF712" box="[1541,2564,2139,2234]" italics="true" pageId="62" pageNumber="137">is peculiarly shortened’,</emphasis>
less than (extremely rarely, as a slight individual atavism, equal to) half the length of IV2. As in
<taxonomicName id="4C6D4D78FFD5A868FA98F68E8006F63A" authorityName="K. Andersen" authorityYear="1904" box="[1339,1838,2355,2450]" class="Mammalia" family="Rhinolophidae" genus="Rhinolophus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="62" pageNumber="130" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="empusa">
<emphasis id="B919EAE9FFD5A868FA98F68E82EEF63A" box="[1339,1478,2355,2450]" italics="true" pageId="62" pageNumber="137">Rh.</emphasis>
empusa
</taxonomicName>
and
<emphasis id="B919EAE9FFD5A868F7BAF68E8E39F63A" box="[2073,2321,2355,2450]" italics="true" pageId="62" pageNumber="137">
<taxonomicName id="4C6D4D78FFD5A868F7BAF68E8E29F63A" authorityName="Peters" authorityYear="1866" box="[2073,2305,2355,2450]" class="Mammalia" family="Rhinolophidae" genus="Rhinolophus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="62" pageNumber="137" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="blasii">blasii</taxonomicName>
,
</emphasis>
III.2 is lengthened.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BD236FBFFD5A868FD7CF62083C5F402" blockId="62.[611,3557,536,5239]" pageId="62" pageNumber="137">
<emphasis id="B919EAE9FFD5A868FD7CF62083F7F654" box="[735,1247,2461,2556]" italics="true" pageId="62" pageNumber="137">
<taxonomicName id="4C6D4D78FFD5A868FD7CF62083E7F654" authorityName="Blasius" authorityYear="1853" box="[735,1231,2461,2556]" class="Mammalia" family="Rhinolophidae" genus="Rhinolophus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="62" pageNumber="137" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="euryale">Rh. euryale</taxonomicName>
,
</emphasis>
from the Mediterranean Subregion, is so extremely closely allied to the above-named Ethiopian species that it shares with them
<emphasis id="B919EAE9FFD5A868FB1CF5C88204F57C" box="[1215,1324,2677,2772]" italics="true" pageId="62" pageNumber="137">all</emphasis>
essential characters (even
<emphasis id="B919EAE9FFD5A868F5DCF5C8838EF496" italics="true" pageId="62" pageNumber="137">the highly peculiar shortening of</emphasis>
TV.
<emphasis id="B919EAE9FFD5A868FAFAF562828CF496" box="[1369,1444,2783,2878]" italics="true" pageId="62" pageNumber="137">1),</emphasis>
with one exception:
<emphasis id="B919EAE9FFD5A868F6EAF56283C5F402" italics="true" pageId="62" pageNumber="137">it has retained the parallelmargined sella.</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BD236FBFFD5A868FD7AF40A8AF5F26A" blockId="62.[611,3557,536,5239]" pageId="62" pageNumber="137">
<emphasis id="B919EAE9FFD5A868FD7AF40A8227F3BE" box="[729,1295,2999,3094]" italics="true" pageId="62" pageNumber="137">Summary.—</emphasis>
When discussing the affinities of the Ethiopian species of the
<taxonomicName id="4C6D4D78FFD5A868FAB8F3A2800EF3D6" authorityName="Andersen" authorityYear="1905" box="[1307,1830,3103,3198]" class="Mammalia" family="Rhinolophidae" genus="Rhinolophus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="62" pageNumber="80" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="simplex">
<emphasis id="B919EAE9FFD5A868FAB8F3A2800EF3D6" box="[1307,1830,3103,3198]" italics="true" pageId="62" pageNumber="137">Rh. simpleX</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
group (above, pp. 117-20), I arrived at the conclusion that they are undoubtedly derived from Oriental types, and that, most probably, the ancestral species have spread directly from South Asia into the Ethiopian Region.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BD236FBFFD5A868FDD0F2708AF6EE58" blockId="62.[611,3557,536,5239]" pageId="62" pageNumber="137">
As will be observed from this, a study of the Ethiopian representatives of the
<taxonomicName id="4C6D4D78FFD5A868FA70F18480FCF130" authorityName="Blyth" box="[1491,2004,3641,3736]" class="Mammalia" family="Rhinolophidae" genus="Rhinolophus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="62" pageNumber="137" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lepidus">
<emphasis id="B919EAE9FFD5A868FA70F18480FCF130" box="[1491,2004,3641,3736]" italics="true" pageId="62" pageNumber="137">Rh. lepidus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
group leads to quite the same result: they have their closest known allies in the Oriental Region, but they are, without exception, considerably more highly developed than any of their Oriental relatives. Bats of the subbadius- type have evidently spread from some part of South Asia south westwards into the Ethiopian Region
<emphasis id="B919EAE9FFD5A868F3F0EFFE8B52EF0A" box="[3155,3194,4163,4258]" italics="true" pageId="62" pageNumber="137">{</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C6D4D78FFD5A868F3D9EFFE8A9EEF0A" authorityName="K. Andersen" authorityYear="1904" box="[3194,3510,4163,4258]" class="Mammalia" family="Rhinolophidae" genus="Rhinolophus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="62" pageNumber="137" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="empusa">empusa</taxonomicName>
;
<emphasis id="B919EAE9FFD5A868FDD4EF048202EEB0" box="[631,1322,4281,4376]" italics="true" pageId="62" pageNumber="137">
<taxonomicName id="4C6D4D78FFD5A868FDD4EF048498EEB0" authorityName="Martin" authorityYear="1838" box="[631,944,4281,4376]" class="Mammalia" family="Rhinolophidae" genus="Rhinolophus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="62" pageNumber="137" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="landeri">landeri</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C6D4D78FFD5A868FC48EF048233EEB0" box="[1003,1307,4281,4376]" higherTaxonomySource="Manual Input" pageId="62" pageNumber="137" rank="species" species="lobatus">lobatus</taxonomicName>
,
</emphasis>
dobsoni
<emphasis id="B919EAE9FFD5A868F938EF0481E0EEB0" box="[1691,1736,4281,4376]" italics="true" pageId="62" pageNumber="137">),</emphasis>
and westwards over the Mediterranean countries (
<emphasis id="B919EAE9FFD5A868FBF0EE9E8025EE2A" box="[1107,1805,4387,4482]" italics="true" pageId="62" pageNumber="137">
<taxonomicName id="4C6D4D78FFD5A868FBF0EE9E8210EE2A" authorityName="Peters" authorityYear="1866" box="[1107,1336,4387,4482]" class="Mammalia" family="Rhinolophidae" genus="Rhinolophus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="62" pageNumber="137" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="blasii">blasii</taxonomicName>
;
<taxonomicName id="4C6D4D78FFD5A868FA38EE9E81C9EE2A" authorityName="Blasius" authorityYear="1853" box="[1435,1761,4387,4482]" class="Mammalia" family="Rhinolophidae" genus="Rhinolophus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="62" pageNumber="137" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="euryale">euryale</taxonomicName>
).
</emphasis>
Of all the species of the
<taxonomicName id="4C6D4D78FFD5A868F454EE9E8AC9EE2A" authorityName="Blyth" box="[3063,3553,4387,4482]" class="Mammalia" family="Rhinolophidae" genus="Rhinolophus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="62" pageNumber="137" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lepidus">
<emphasis id="B919EAE9FFD5A868F454EE9E8AC9EE2A" box="[3063,3553,4387,4482]" italics="true" pageId="62" pageNumber="137">Rh. lepidus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
group only one has found its
<emphasis id="B919EAE9FFD5A868F840EE2C8FBAEE58" box="[2019,2194,4497,4592]" italics="true" pageId="62" pageNumber="137">way</emphasis>
to Lower Egypt,
<emphasis id="B919EAE9FFD5A868F474EE2C8AF6EE58" box="[3031,3550,4497,4592]" italics="true" pageId="62" pageNumber="137">
<taxonomicName id="4C6D4D78FFD5A868F474EE2C8AF9EE58" authorityName="Blasius" authorityYear="1853" box="[3031,3537,4497,4592]" class="Mammalia" family="Rhinolophidae" genus="Rhinolophus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="62" pageNumber="137" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="euryale">Rh. euryale</taxonomicName>
.
</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BD236FBFFD5A868FDDAEE468AF6ED6C" blockId="62.[611,3557,536,5239]" pageId="62" pageNumber="137">It is a species exclusively Mediterranean in range, and unusually liable to differentiation into slightly differing local forms I.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BD236FBFFD5A868FDDAED6C8DE5EBD8" blockId="62.[611,3557,536,5239]" pageId="62" pageNumber="137">
Its presence in Lower Egypt is easily explained by invasion from the adjacent Asiatic coast of the Mediterranean, where it is very common (specimens from Lower Egypt are indistinguishable from the Palestine form,
<emphasis id="B919EAE9FFD5A868F866EBAC8D59EBD8" box="[1989,2673,5137,5232]" italics="true" pageId="62" pageNumber="137">Rh. e. judaicus)</emphasis>
J.
</paragraph>
<footnote id="E8762AF5FFD5A868FD62EB748AF1E940" pageId="62" pageNumber="137">
<paragraph id="8BD236FBFFD5A868FD62EB748D8FEAA4" blockId="62.[622,3556,5319,5881]" box="[705,2727,5321,5388]" pageId="62" pageNumber="137">
* Thomas, Ann. &amp;
<emphasis id="B919EAE9FFD5A868FAD0EB74813AEAA4" box="[1395,1554,5321,5388]" italics="true" pageId="62" pageNumber="137">Mag</emphasis>
. Nat. Hist. (7) xiv. (1904) p. 156.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BD236FBFFD5A868FD66EAA48D61EA04" blockId="62.[622,3556,5319,5881]" pageId="62" pageNumber="137">
f Andersen andMatschie, “Ueber einige geographische Formender Untergattung
<emphasis id="B919EAE9FFD5A868FDD0EAD484D2EA04" box="[627,1018,5481,5548]" italics="true" pageId="62" pageNumber="137">Euryalis”</emphasis>
(SB. Ges. naturi'. Fr. Berlin, 1904, pp. 71-83).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BD236FBFFD5A868FD60EA048AF1E940" blockId="62.[622,3556,5319,5881]" pageId="62" pageNumber="137">
I Although it is beyond the strict limits of the present paper, I propose to insert a few words on the remaining Ethiopian species of the genus:—The
<taxonomicName id="4C6D4D78FFD5A868F472E9B48BF2E9E4" authorityName="Peters" authorityYear="1868" box="[3025,3290,5641,5708]" class="Mammalia" family="Rhinolophidae" genus="Rhinolophus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="62" pageNumber="137" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="aethiops">
<emphasis id="B919EAE9FFD5A868F472E9B48BF2E9E4" box="[3025,3290,5641,5708]" italics="true" pageId="62" pageNumber="137">aethiops</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
section (
<emphasis id="B919EAE9FFD5A868FD2CE9EA8119E932" box="[655,1585,5719,5786]" italics="true" pageId="62" pageNumber="137">
<taxonomicName id="4C6D4D78FFD5A868FD2CE9EA831FE932" authorityName="Peters" authorityYear="1868" box="[655,1079,5719,5786]" class="Mammalia" family="Rhinolophidae" genus="Rhinolophus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="62" pageNumber="137" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="aethiops">Rh. aethiops</taxonomicName>
, hildebrandti,
</emphasis>
and
<emphasis id="B919EAE9FFD5A868F944E9EA8F51E932" box="[1767,2169,5719,5786]" italics="true" pageId="62" pageNumber="137">fumigatus)</emphasis>
are very closely related to the Himalayan
<emphasis id="B919EAE9FFD5A868FCE4E918820AE940" box="[839,1314,5797,5864]" italics="true" pageId="62" pageNumber="137">Rh. maorotis,</emphasis>
but much more highly developed in the dentition, the wing-
</paragraph>
</footnote>
<paragraph id="8BD236FBFFD4A869FD44FDA88EDCFCE2" blockId="63.[634,3581,530,852]" pageId="63" pageNumber="138">
The probable affinities and phylogeny of the principal forms of the
<taxonomicName id="4C6D4D78FFD4A869FCE0FDC28212FD76" authorityName="Blyth" box="[835,1338,639,734]" class="Mammalia" family="Rhinolophidae" genus="Rhinolophus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="63" pageNumber="138" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lepidus">
<emphasis id="B919EAE9FFD4A869FCE0FDC28212FD76" box="[835,1338,639,734]" italics="true" pageId="63" pageNumber="138">Rh. lepidus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
group are expressed in the subjoined diagram (Ethiopian types marked with an asterisk)
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
Reference in a new issue View git blame Copy permalink