191 lines
21 KiB
XML
191 lines
21 KiB
XML
<document id="9A24F55F139993A032B31EE38FE3BF1B" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.1144.1.1" ID-ISSN="11755334" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5057957" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1625189177020" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Whitfield, James B." docDate="2006" docId="03C487E75D2F0C15F02D447DFDC0FE87" docLanguage="en" docName="zt01144p094.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 1144 (1)" docSource="https://biotaxa.org/Zootaxa/article/view/zootaxa.1144.1.1" docStyle="DocumentStyle:8B0D3ECF822058C8413568C103B59429.6:Zootaxa.2001-2006.monograph" docStyleId="8B0D3ECF822058C8413568C103B59429" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2001-2006.monograph" docStyleVersion="6" docTitle="Pholetesor circumscriptus" docType="treatment" docVersion="4" lastPageNumber="77" masterDocId="FFFDFF9F5D630C58F1254561FFADFFD9" masterDocTitle="Revision of the Nearctic species of the genus Pholetesor Mason (Hymenoptera: Braconidae)" masterLastPageNumber="94" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="77" updateTime="1698982805304" updateUser="plazi" zenodo-license-document="CLOSED">
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<mods:title id="6982FAA4C000AAC8A36031A655C45CE3">Revision of the Nearctic species of the genus Pholetesor Mason (Hymenoptera: Braconidae)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="BA88EB37129B00989FC376CAB042E45B">Whitfield, James B.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="DFA5726F529AA16EBD07EF1FB49D676B">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="EC89988CDBA324029FB5FCB7DD622B22">
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<mods:date id="64D952D5E6D534EFA6C2421DB7884BA2">2006</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="0C4B68E86F5FF52300A1D0C77D0CF603">2006-03-10</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="85C98FE0C29CD8D5AFB18DF0B22A5F9A">1144</mods:number>
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<mods:url id="FB3CA2B11EEE0CC969C0DDEDEF0791CA">https://biotaxa.org/Zootaxa/article/view/zootaxa.1144.1.1</mods:url>
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<mods:classification id="B58C6851B01011B1A72C38B6C88BC9F6">journal article</mods:classification>
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<treatment id="03C487E75D2F0C15F02D447DFDC0FE87" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5058118" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5058118" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03C487E75D2F0C15F02D447DFDC0FE87" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03C487E75D2F0C15F02D447DFDC0FE87" lastPageId="77" lastPageNumber="77" pageId="76" pageNumber="77">
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<subSubSection id="C377657A5D2F0C14F02D447DFD35FEEC" box="[264,664,283,310]" pageId="76" pageNumber="77" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8BD236F15D2F0C14F02D447DFD35FEEC" blockId="76.[264,664,283,345]" box="[264,664,283,310]" pageId="76" pageNumber="77">
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<heading id="D09A819D5D2F0C14F02D447DFD35FEEC" bold="true" box="[264,664,283,310]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="76" pageNumber="77" reason="1">
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<taxonomicName id="4C6D4D725D2F0C14F02D447DFD35FEEC" ID-CoL="4GLG9" authority="(Nees)" baseAuthorityName="Nees" box="[264,664,283,310]" class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Pholetesor" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="76" pageNumber="77" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="circumscriptus">
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||
<emphasis id="B919EAE35D2F0C14F02D447DFD35FEEC" bold="true" box="[264,664,283,310]" pageId="76" pageNumber="77">
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<emphasis id="B919EAE35D2F0C14F02D447DFDEEFEEF" bold="true" box="[264,579,284,310]" italics="true" pageId="76" pageNumber="77">Pholetesor circumscriptus</emphasis>
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(Nees)
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</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C377657A5D2F0C15F02D445EFDC0FE87" lastPageId="77" lastPageNumber="78" pageId="76" pageNumber="77" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8BD236F15D2F0C14F02D445EFE32FE80" blockId="76.[264,664,283,345]" box="[264,415,319,345]" pageId="76" pageNumber="77">
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(
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<figureCitation id="13562A745D2F0C14F034445EFEC6FE80" box="[273,363,319,345]" captionStart="FIGURES 27–32" captionStartId="87.[264,382,1802,1826]" captionTargetBox="[290,1240,332,1761]" captionTargetId="figure-50@87.[273,1314,315,1776]" captionTargetPageId="87" captionText="FIGURES 27–32. Forewings of: 27, Pholetesor caloptiliae Whitfield; 28, P. ornigis (Weed); 29, P. salalicus (Mason); 30, P. salicifoliellae (Mason); 31, P. circumscriptus (Nees); 32, P. pedias (Nixon)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5057969" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5057969/files/figure.png" pageId="76" pageNumber="77">figs. 31</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="13562A745D2F0C14F05D445EFE3BFE80" box="[376,406,319,345]" captionStart="FIGURES 39–59" captionStartId="89.[264,382,1625,1649]" captionTargetBox="[322,1261,334,1592]" captionTargetId="figure-133@89.[305,1282,326,1598]" captionTargetPageId="89" captionText="FIGURES 39–59. Anterior metasomal tergites, dorsal view, of: 39, Pholetesor masneri (Mason); 40, P. bucculatricis (Muesebeck); 41, P. zelleriae Whitfield; 42, P. masoni Whitfield; 43, P. dixianus Whitfield; 44, P. pinifoliellae Whitfield; 45, Pholetesor rhygoplitoides Whitfield; 46, P. bedelliae (Viereck); 47, P. chiricahuensis Whitfield; 48, P. longicoxis Whitfield; 49, P. powelli Whitfield; 50, P. thuiellae Whitfield; 51, P. rohweri (Muesebeck); 52, P. variabilis Whitfield; 53, P. viminetorum (Wesmael); 54, P. caloptiliae Whitfield; 55, Pholetesor ornigis (Weed); 56, P. salalicus (Mason); 57, P. salicifoliellae (Mason); 58, Pholetesor circumscriptus (Nees); 59, P. pedias (Nixon)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5057973" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5057973/files/figure.png" pageId="76" pageNumber="77">58</figureCitation>
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)
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BD236F15D2F0C14F02D44EEFC44FE7C" blockId="76.[264,1322,398,651]" box="[264,1001,398,422]" pageId="76" pageNumber="77">
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<taxonomicName id="4C6D4D725D2F0C14F02D44EEFD1CFE7C" authority="Nees, 1834" authorityName="Nees" authorityYear="1834" box="[264,689,398,422]" class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Microgaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="76" pageNumber="77" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="circumscriptus">
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<emphasis id="B919EAE35D2F0C14F02D44EEFD82FE7F" box="[264,559,399,422]" italics="true" pageId="76" pageNumber="77">Microgaster circumscriptus</emphasis>
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Nees, 1834
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</taxonomicName>
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.
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<emphasis id="B919EAE35D2F0C14F39E44EEFC3FFE7F" box="[699,914,399,422]" italics="true" pageId="76" pageNumber="77">
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Hym. Ichn. aff.
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<collectingRegion id="49A9F8135D2F0C14F24444EEFC3FFE7F" box="[865,914,399,422]" country="United Kingdom" name="Isle of Anglesey" pageId="76" pageNumber="77">Mon</collectingRegion>
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</emphasis>
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.
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<emphasis id="B919EAE35D2F0C14F2BA44EFFC01FE7F" bold="true" box="[927,940,398,422]" pageId="76" pageNumber="77">1</emphasis>
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: 181.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BD236F15D2F0C14F02D44CEFC11FE1C" blockId="76.[264,1322,398,651]" box="[264,956,430,454]" pageId="76" pageNumber="77">
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<taxonomicName id="4C6D4D725D2F0C14F02D44CEFD6AFE1C" authority="Haliday, 1834" authorityName="Haliday" authorityYear="1834" box="[264,711,430,454]" class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Microgaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="76" pageNumber="77" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="umbellatarum">
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<emphasis id="B919EAE35D2F0C14F02D44CEFD8BFE1F" box="[264,550,431,454]" italics="true" pageId="76" pageNumber="77">Microgaster umbellatarum</emphasis>
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Haliday, 1834
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</taxonomicName>
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.
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<emphasis id="B919EAE35D2F0C14F3F544CEFC96FE1F" box="[720,827,431,454]" italics="true" pageId="76" pageNumber="77">Ent. Mag.</emphasis>
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<emphasis id="B919EAE35D2F0C14F26444CFFCE3FE1F" bold="true" box="[833,846,430,454]" pageId="76" pageNumber="77">2</emphasis>
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: 247248.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BD236F15D2F0C14F02D44AEFC3EFDDC" blockId="76.[264,1322,398,651]" pageId="76" pageNumber="77">
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<taxonomicName id="4C6D4D725D2F0C14F02D44AEFD6CFE3C" authority="Bouche, 1834" authorityName="Bouche" authorityYear="1834" box="[264,705,462,486]" class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Microgaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="76" pageNumber="77" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="blancardellae">
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<emphasis id="B919EAE35D2F0C14F02D44AEFD89FE3F" box="[264,548,463,486]" italics="true" pageId="76" pageNumber="77">Microgaster blancardellae</emphasis>
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Bouche, 1834
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</taxonomicName>
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.
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<emphasis id="B919EAE35D2F0C14F3EE44AEFD4CFDDF" italics="true" pageId="76" pageNumber="77">Naturgeschichte der Insekten besonders in Hinsicht ihrer ersten Zustande als Larven und Puppen</emphasis>
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(Berlin). p. 156.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BD236F15D2F0C14F02D4770FB8DFDFE" blockId="76.[264,1322,398,651]" box="[264,1056,527,553]" pageId="76" pageNumber="77">
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<taxonomicName id="4C6D4D725D2F0C14F02D4770FD34FDFE" authority="Wesmael, 1837" authorityName="Wesmael" authorityYear="1837" box="[264,665,528,552]" class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Microgaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="76" pageNumber="77" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lividipes">
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<emphasis id="B919EAE35D2F0C14F02D4770FE46FDF1" box="[264,491,529,552]" italics="true" pageId="76" pageNumber="77">Microgaster lividipes</emphasis>
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Wesmael, 1837
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</taxonomicName>
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.
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<emphasis id="B919EAE35D2F0C14F3814770FC0BFDF1" box="[676,934,529,552]" italics="true" pageId="76" pageNumber="77">Nouv. Mem. Acad. Belg.</emphasis>
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<emphasis id="B919EAE35D2F0C14F2894771FC6AFDF1" bold="true" box="[940,967,528,552]" pageId="76" pageNumber="77">10</emphasis>
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: 63–64.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BD236F15D2F0C14F02D4753FB9FFD91" blockId="76.[264,1322,398,651]" box="[264,1074,561,585]" pageId="76" pageNumber="77">
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<taxonomicName id="4C6D4D725D2F0C14F02D4753FD34FD91" authority="Ratzeburg" authorityName="Ratzeburg" box="[264,665,561,585]" class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Microgaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="76" pageNumber="77" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="flavolimbatus">
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<emphasis id="B919EAE35D2F0C14F02D4753FD8FFD90" box="[264,546,562,585]" italics="true" pageId="76" pageNumber="77">Microgaster flavolimbatus</emphasis>
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Ratzeburg
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</taxonomicName>
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, 184&.
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<emphasis id="B919EAE35D2F0C14F3CB4753FC4AFD90" box="[750,999,562,585]" italics="true" pageId="76" pageNumber="77">Ichn. deutsche Forstins</emphasis>
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.
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<emphasis id="B919EAE35D2F0C14F2D14750FBACFD90" bold="true" box="[1012,1025,561,585]" pageId="76" pageNumber="77">2</emphasis>
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: 50.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BD236F15D2F0C14F02D4732FB80FDB3" blockId="76.[264,1322,398,651]" box="[264,1069,593,619]" pageId="76" pageNumber="77">
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<taxonomicName id="4C6D4D725D2F0C14F02D4732FDD2FDB3" authority="Marshall, 1885" authorityName="Marshall" authorityYear="1885" box="[264,639,595,618]" class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Apanteles" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="76" pageNumber="77" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lautellus">
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<emphasis id="B919EAE35D2F0C14F02D4732FE79FDB3" box="[264,468,595,618]" italics="true" pageId="76" pageNumber="77">Apanteles lautellus</emphasis>
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Marshall, 1885
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</taxonomicName>
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.
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<emphasis id="B919EAE35D2F0C14F3AC4732FCDDFDB3" box="[649,880,595,618]" italics="true" pageId="76" pageNumber="77">Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond</emphasis>
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.,
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<emphasis id="B919EAE35D2F0C14F2A14732FC14FDB2" bold="true" box="[900,953,595,619]" pageId="76" pageNumber="77">1885</emphasis>
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: 219–220.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BD236F15D2F0C14F02D4715FCE1FD52" blockId="76.[264,1322,398,651]" box="[264,844,628,651]" pageId="76" pageNumber="77">
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The above synonymy adapted from
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<bibRefCitation id="EFFC4B005D2F0C14F3AC4715FCE5FD52" author="Wilkinson, D. S." box="[649,840,628,651]" pageId="76" pageNumber="77" pagination="41 - 51" refId="ref48943" refString="Wilkinson, D. S. (1938) On the identity of Apanteles cirscumscriptus Nees (Hym., Braconidae). Proceedings of the Royal Entomological Society of London (B), 7, 41 - 51." type="journal article" year="1938">Wilkinson (1938)</bibRefCitation>
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.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BD236F15D2F0C14F02D47DDFC4BFC97" blockId="76.[264,1325,700,1886]" pageId="76" pageNumber="77">
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This apparently circumpolar species has been fully treated in the Palearctic Region by
|
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<bibRefCitation id="EFFC4B005D2F0C14F02D4785FE4DFD27" author="Wilkinson, D. S." box="[264,480,740,766]" pageId="76" pageNumber="77" pagination="41 - 51" refId="ref48943" refString="Wilkinson, D. S. (1938) On the identity of Apanteles cirscumscriptus Nees (Hym., Braconidae). Proceedings of the Royal Entomological Society of London (B), 7, 41 - 51." type="journal article" year="1938">Wilkinson (1938)</bibRefCitation>
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,
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<bibRefCitation id="EFFC4B005D2F0C14F0D74785FD35FD27" author="Nixon, G. E. J." box="[498,664,740,766]" pageId="76" pageNumber="77" pagination="163 - 228" refId="ref48197" refString="Nixon, G. E. J. (1973) A revision of the north-western European species of the vitripennis, pallipes, octonarius, triangulator, fraternus, formosus, parasitellae, metacarpalis and circumscriptus - groups of Apanteles Forster (Hymenoptera, Braconidae). Bulletin of Entomological Research, 63, 163 - 228." type="journal article" year="1973">Nixon (1973)</bibRefCitation>
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and
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<bibRefCitation id="EFFC4B005D2F0C14F3FB4785FC2AFD27" author="Papp, J." box="[734,903,740,766]" pageId="76" pageNumber="77" pagination="247 - 283" refId="ref48291" refString="Papp, J. (1983 b) A survey of the European species of Apanteles Forster (Hymenoptera, Braconidae, Microgastrinae). VII. The carbonarius-, circumscriptus -, fraternus -, pallipes -, parasitellae -, vitripennis -, liparidis -, octonarius - and thompsoni - group. Annales historico-naturales Musei Nationalis Hungarici, 75, 247 - 283." type="journal article" year="1983">Papp (1983b)</bibRefCitation>
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||
. I will not attempt to completely redescribe it here but instead attempt to characterize the nearctic series I associate with this name relative to examined palearctic material and to
|
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<taxonomicName id="4C6D4D725D2F0C14F2534655FC72FC94" baseAuthorityName="Nixon" baseAuthorityYear="1973" box="[886,991,820,845]" class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Pholetesor" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="76" pageNumber="77" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pedias">
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||
<emphasis id="B919EAE35D2F0C14F2534655FC72FC94" box="[886,991,820,845]" italics="true" pageId="76" pageNumber="77">P. pedias</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BD236F15D2F0C14F01D463DFB99FBBF" blockId="76.[264,1325,700,1886]" pageId="76" pageNumber="77">
|
||
I have seen only
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D6BFD785D2F0C14F0D9463DFD23FCAF" box="[508,654,860,886]" pageId="76" pageNumber="77" type="generic">4 specimens</specimenCount>
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||
, all nonreared females, from Alaska (Naknek) and in the Canadian National Collection, that I consider to be conspecific with the Palearctic
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<taxonomicName id="4C6D4D725D2F0C14F43046E5FE06FC1C" class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Pholetesor" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="76" pageNumber="77" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cicumscriptus">
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||
<emphasis id="B919EAE35D2F0C14F43046E5FE06FC1C" italics="true" pageId="76" pageNumber="77">P. cicumscriptus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
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series I have seen. Of all European material examined (from
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<collectingCountry id="F37A76615D2F0C14F5E746CDFA8AFC1F" box="[1218,1319,940,966]" name="United Kingdom" pageId="76" pageNumber="77">England</collectingCountry>
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||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F37A76615D2F0C14F02D46B5FEDCFC37" box="[264,369,980,1006]" name="United Kingdom" pageId="76" pageNumber="77">Scotland</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F37A76615D2F0C14F0A746B5FDBFFC37" box="[386,530,980,1006]" name="Netherlands" pageId="76" pageNumber="77">Netherlands</collectingCountry>
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,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F37A76615D2F0C14F30646B5FD2FFC37" box="[547,642,980,1006]" name="Sweden" pageId="76" pageNumber="77">Sweden</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F37A76615D2F0C14F3B146B5FD51FC37" box="[660,764,980,1006]" name="Hungary" pageId="76" pageNumber="77">Hungary</collectingCountry>
|
||
, Northern
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F37A76615D2F0C14F2A746B5FC14FC37" box="[898,953,980,1006]" name="Italy" pageId="76" pageNumber="77">Italy</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F37A76615D2F0C14F2EF46B5FB8EFC37" box="[970,1059,980,1006]" name="Cyprus" pageId="76" pageNumber="77">Cyprus</collectingCountry>
|
||
), the specimens from northern
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F37A76615D2F0C14F056469DFDD9FBCF" box="[371,628,1020,1046]" name="United Kingdom" pageId="76" pageNumber="77">England and Scotland</collectingCountry>
|
||
most closely resemble the Alaskan series in coloration and metasomal tergite shapes.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6D4D725D2F0C14F3664145FCD5FBE4" box="[579,888,1060,1085]" class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Pholetesor" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="76" pageNumber="77" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="circumscriptus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B919EAE35D2F0C14F3664145FCD5FBE4" box="[579,888,1060,1085]" italics="true" pageId="76" pageNumber="77">Pholetesor circumscriptus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
appears to be an extremely variable species in the Old World, especially in leg and metasomal coloration.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD236F15D2F0C14F01D4115FD85F9B7" blockId="76.[264,1325,700,1886]" pageId="76" pageNumber="77">
|
||
The following notes on the Alaskan series are provided for comparative purposes: flagellomere 2 3.6x longer than broad; flagellomere 14 1.7x as long as broad. Stigma twice as long as broad,.9 as long as metacarp (R1), pellucid centrally, darker greybrown peripherally (especially posteriorly). Propodeum smooth, polished, with series of oblique fine ridges extending forward on either side from nucha. Tergite I of metasoma evenly narrowing posteriorly, 3.2–3.5x as long as posteriorly broad, twice broader anteriorly than posteriorly, smooth, polished except with fine longitudinal posterior aciculations; tergite II strongly triangular, 2.6x broader posteriorly than anteriorly, 1.6x broader posteriorly than medially long, entirely polished, smooth except faint peripheral sculpturing. Ovipositor sheaths slightly longer than hind basitarsi, just over half as long as hind tibiae. Body length 1.8–2.0 mm, forewing length 2.0–
|
||
<quantity id="4C959B145D2F0C14F3B94365FD54F9C7" box="[668,761,1540,1566]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.3" pageId="76" pageNumber="77" unit="mm" value="2.3">2.3 mm</quantity>
|
||
. Coloration dark for the species: all coxae dark; hind femora mostly infuscate; tergites I and II entirely dark brown to black; laterotergites moderate yellowbrown.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD236F15D2F0C14F01D431DFB6EF93F" blockId="76.[264,1325,700,1886]" pageId="76" pageNumber="77">Short (1953) has examined the final instar larval head sclerites and reports that the labium has 7 pairs of setae, the maxillae each have 3 setae and the mandibles are each set with 12 long teeth (Short counted 13 but includes the upper tooth of the bifid tip).</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD236F15D2F0C15F01D4395FDC0FE87" blockId="76.[264,1325,700,1886]" lastBlockId="77.[264,1323,284,350]" lastPageId="77" lastPageNumber="78" pageId="76" pageNumber="77">
|
||
None of the Nearctic material is reared, so associated cocoons are not available; cocoons I have seen associated with Palearctic specimens are white, translucent, apparently not banded, smooth, elongateoval, capsulelike and suspended by a thread from each end within the host mine or shelter (appearance very similar to cocoons of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6D4D725D2E0C15F430447DFEDDFE84" authorityName="Mason" authorityYear="1959" class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Apanteles" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="77" pageNumber="78" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="salalicus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B919EAE35D2E0C15F430447DFEDDFE84" italics="true" pageId="77" pageNumber="78">P. salalicus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from oak leafminers.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |