249 lines
30 KiB
XML
249 lines
30 KiB
XML
<document id="595365981F4C641311CF1C50FF1CCA17" ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.180897" ID-GBIF-Dataset="d0034a16-cad2-4058-9569-95a0dd26699c" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="180897" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1459818700620" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Barnett, Leonie J., Smales, Lesley R. & Cribb, Thomas H." docDate="2008" docId="03C487A0FF8FFF87FF164866FC3DFE04" docLanguage="en" docName="zt01705p039.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 1705" docStyle="DocumentStyle:6581673A57F01A3145754A1E615EDFF0.4:Zootaxa.2007-2008.journal_article" docStyleId="6581673A57F01A3145754A1E615EDFF0" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2007-2008.journal_article" docStyleVersion="4" docTitle="Cantharus capricornia" docType="treatment" docVersion="8" lastPageNumber="24" masterDocId="FFFDFFD8FF8EFF84FF814D6CFFB9F96E" masterDocTitle="A complex of putative acanthocolpid cercariae (Digenea) from Nassarius olivaceus and N. dorsatus (Gastropoda: Nassariidae) in Central Queensland, Australia" masterLastPageNumber="39" masterPageNumber="21" pageNumber="22" updateTime="1698221669718" updateUser="plazi">
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<mods:titleInfo id="770FB2B9138921F15C34222353E7DE37">
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<mods:title id="8F0FC2D0B0E32B84AC2F9D579F13D630">A complex of putative acanthocolpid cercariae (Digenea) from Nassarius olivaceus and N. dorsatus (Gastropoda: Nassariidae) in Central Queensland, Australia</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name id="1D5E05EBCEB06F9EF19BCE9AAF5131B2" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="9A784DD766C565ADF38FD9D2F14AD5A5">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="6617DE2F0309AF7E074132E9A754B0D4">Barnett, Leonie J.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:name id="DD919EE62E353E1C993DC58A033C51D0" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="590083393855AD459599ADCA615D0361">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart id="41BF996EF12C35FBE3B138E3A1A2C283">Smales, Lesley R.</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name id="094470DD40DB94B09B9FE016C21F0FED" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="7DD87F4B9B4650CBADA0E229D0E73D84">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart id="45F15624E224EC94D3BD1B44EB994B57">Cribb, Thomas H.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="00DDB5280F3A228524AFD12830E940F0">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title id="4B906F32D0F5BE6A69CBE91B111294F0">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part id="EDAF61F9B3E405F334DD0E8B3B3E1E75">
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<mods:date id="B0128A6B9FCA309D3AA65B9B9225515E">2008</mods:date>
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<mods:detail id="A97A558E114020F2C981B097F3DE55D3" type="volume">
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<mods:number id="94180D5AFAFC380E4BA2A03DF2E9F27B">1705</mods:number>
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<mods:classification id="5234ACCEEB13045B6AAB39F01ACBE9B0">journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="7AF3CC2479E2A091DAACD4ABA3E47B6A" type="DOI">10.5281/zenodo.180897</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="051C1B8110432480E27EBDA20744E6AE" type="GBIF-Dataset">d0034a16-cad2-4058-9569-95a0dd26699c</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="939D190383D8B0A2FAE8F51C5E6D30C1" type="ISSN">1175-5326</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="8757D3C161BE8260E122F8A3BBFE04D6" type="Zenodo-Dep">180897</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="03C487A0FF8FFF87FF164866FC3DFE04" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6236148" ID-GBIF-Taxon="119355268" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6236148" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03C487A0FF8FFF87FF164866FC3DFE04" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03C487A0FF8FFF87FF164866FC3DFE04" lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="24" pageId="1" pageNumber="22">
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<subSubSection id="C377653DFF8FFF85FF164866FF56FC29" pageId="1" pageNumber="22" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8BD236B6FF8FFF85FF164866FE1EFC4A" blockId="1.[151,423,1290,1351]" box="[151,423,1290,1316]" pageId="1" pageNumber="22">
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<heading id="D09A81DAFF8FFF85FF164866FE1EFC4A" bold="true" box="[151,423,1290,1316]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="1" pageNumber="22" reason="1">
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||
<emphasis id="B919EAA4FF8FFF85FF164866FE1EFC4A" bold="true" box="[151,423,1290,1316]" pageId="1" pageNumber="22">
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<emphasis id="B919EAA4FF8FFF85FF164866FE2DFC4A" bold="true" box="[151,404,1290,1316]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="22">
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Cercaria
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<taxonomicName id="4C6D4D35FF8FFF85FE894866FE2DFC4A" box="[264,404,1290,1316]" class="Gastropoda" family="Buccinidae" genus="Cantharus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neogastropoda" pageId="1" pageNumber="22" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="capricornia">capricornia</taxonomicName>
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</emphasis>
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I
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</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BD236B6FF8FFF85FF164841FF56FC29" blockId="1.[151,423,1290,1351]" box="[151,239,1325,1351]" pageId="1" pageNumber="22">
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(
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<figureCitation id="13562A33FF8FFF85FF1E4841FF5AFC29" box="[159,227,1325,1351]" captionStart="FIGURE 1. a – f" captionStartId="2.[151,255,1621,1645]" captionTargetBox="[175,1404,204,1575]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[151,1436,197,1595]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 1. a – f. Cercaria capricornia I naturally emerged from Nassarius olivaceus: a. Body, heat-killed, in ventral view; b. Entire cercaria, heat-killed, from side view; c. Live cercaria, body folded for swimming, from dorsal view; d. Live cercaria, resting attitude, side view; e. Live cercaria, resting attitude, ventral view; f. Rediae, fixed, containing cercariae at different stages of development. Scale bars a, b = 100 μm; c – e not to scale; f = 200 μm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/180898/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="22">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
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)
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C377653DFF8FFF87FF164811FC3DFE04" lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="24" pageId="1" pageNumber="22" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8BD236B6FF8FFF85FF164811FCA6FFE9" blockId="1.[151,1436,1405,2031]" pageId="1" pageNumber="22">
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<emphasis id="B919EAA4FF8FFF85FF164811FF62FCF9" bold="true" box="[151,219,1405,1431]" pageId="1" pageNumber="22">Host:</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName id="4C6D4D35FF8FFF85FF624811FDE4FCF9" authority="Bruguiere" authorityName="Bruguiere" box="[227,605,1405,1431]" class="Gastropoda" family="Nassariidae" genus="Nassarius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neogastropoda" pageId="1" pageNumber="22" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="olivaceus">
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<emphasis id="B919EAA4FF8FFF85FF624811FE77FCF8" box="[227,462,1405,1430]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="22">Nassarius olivaceus</emphasis>
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(Bruguière)
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</taxonomicName>
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(Gastropoda,
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<taxonomicName id="4C6D4D35FF8FFF85FC854811FC2AFCF9" box="[772,915,1405,1431]" class="Gastropoda" family="Nassariidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neogastropoda" pageId="1" pageNumber="22" phylum="Mollusca" rank="family">Nassariidae</taxonomicName>
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).
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<emphasis id="B919EAA4FF8FFF85FF4448C9FE8CFCD1" bold="true" box="[197,309,1445,1471]" pageId="1" pageNumber="22">Locality:</emphasis>
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Ross Creek, Yeppoon, Queensland (
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<geoCoordinate id="EE595071FF8FFF85FD6548C9FC82FCD1" box="[740,827,1445,1471]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="1" pageNumber="22" precision="925" value="-23.133333">23°8' S</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate id="EE595071FF8FFF85FCC948C9FC07FCD1" box="[840,958,1445,1471]" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="1" pageNumber="22" precision="925" value="150.75">150°45' E</geoCoordinate>
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).
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<emphasis id="B919EAA4FF8FFF85FF4448A1FE96FC89" bold="true" box="[197,303,1485,1511]" pageId="1" pageNumber="22">Habitat:</emphasis>
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Amongst and immediately adjacent to mangroves on intertidal mudflats.
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<emphasis id="B919EAA4FF8FFF85FF444899FEC5FF61" bold="true" box="[197,380,1525,1551]" pageId="1" pageNumber="22">Other locality:</emphasis>
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Cawarral Creek, Keppel Sands, Queensland (
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<geoCoordinate id="EE595071FF8FFF85FC174899FC45FF61" box="[918,1020,1525,1551]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="1" pageNumber="22" precision="925" value="-23.316668">23°19' S</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate id="EE595071FF8FFF85FB884899FBC6FF61" box="[1033,1151,1525,1551]" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="1" pageNumber="22" precision="925" value="150.78334">150°47' E</geoCoordinate>
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).
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<emphasis id="B919EAA4FF8FFF85FF444B71FDBAFF59" bold="true" box="[197,515,1565,1591]" pageId="1" pageNumber="22">Prevalence of emergence:</emphasis>
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0.16% (3 of 1908
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<taxonomicName id="4C6D4D35FF8FFF85FD614B71FCC9FF58" box="[736,880,1565,1590]" class="Gastropoda" family="Nassariidae" genus="Nassarius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neogastropoda" pageId="1" pageNumber="22" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="olivaceus">
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<emphasis id="B919EAA4FF8FFF85FD614B71FCC9FF58" box="[736,880,1565,1590]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="22">N. olivaceus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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).
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<emphasis id="B919EAA4FF8FFF85FF444B29FE85FF31" bold="true" box="[197,316,1605,1631]" pageId="1" pageNumber="22">Material:</emphasis>
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South Australian Museum, AHC 29306–AHC 29307, AHC 34513–AHC 34517.
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<emphasis id="B919EAA4FF8FFF85FF444B01FE0BFFE9" bold="true" box="[197,434,1645,1671]" pageId="1" pageNumber="22">Dates of collection:</emphasis>
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<date id="FFD31076FF8FFF85FE3A4B01FD8AFFE9" box="[443,563,1645,1671]" pageId="1" pageNumber="22" value="2005-05">May 2005</date>
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and
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<date id="FFD31076FF8FFF85FDEA4B01FCA3FFE9" box="[619,794,1645,1671]" pageId="1" pageNumber="22" value="2006-02">February 2006</date>
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.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BD236B6FF8FFF85FF444BF9FED9FFC1" blockId="1.[151,1436,1405,2031]" box="[197,352,1685,1711]" pageId="1" pageNumber="22">
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<emphasis id="B919EAA4FF8FFF85FF444BF9FED9FFC1" bold="true" box="[197,352,1685,1711]" pageId="1" pageNumber="22">Description:</emphasis>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BD236B6FF8FFF85FF444BD1FEB0FFB9" blockId="1.[151,1436,1405,2031]" box="[197,265,1725,1751]" pageId="1" pageNumber="22">Redia</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BD236B6FF8FFF85FF444B89FD25FF91" blockId="1.[151,1436,1405,2031]" box="[197,668,1765,1791]" pageId="1" pageNumber="22">
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<emphasis id="B919EAA4FF8FFF85FF444B89FF48FF90" box="[197,241,1765,1790]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="22">Site</emphasis>
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. Reproductive and digestive glands.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BD236B6FF8FFF85FF444A61FD68FE19" blockId="1.[151,1436,1405,2031]" pageId="1" pageNumber="22">
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<emphasis id="B919EAA4FF8FFF85FF444A61FE96FE48" box="[197,303,1805,1830]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="22">Structure</emphasis>
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. Body elongate, cylindrical with posterior extremity tapering, rounded (
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<figureCitation id="13562A33FF8FFF85FBFD4A61FB55FE49" box="[1148,1260,1805,1831]" captionStart="FIGURE 1. a – f" captionStartId="2.[151,255,1621,1645]" captionTargetBox="[175,1404,204,1575]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[151,1436,197,1595]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 1. a – f. Cercaria capricornia I naturally emerged from Nassarius olivaceus: a. Body, heat-killed, in ventral view; b. Entire cercaria, heat-killed, from side view; c. Live cercaria, body folded for swimming, from dorsal view; d. Live cercaria, resting attitude, side view; e. Live cercaria, resting attitude, ventral view; f. Rediae, fixed, containing cercariae at different stages of development. Scale bars a, b = 100 μm; c – e not to scale; f = 200 μm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/180898/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="22">Figure 1f</figureCitation>
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). Mouth opens terminally; pharynx spherical. Cercariae in various stages of development.
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<emphasis id="B919EAA4FF8FFF85FF444A31FEF6FE18" box="[197,335,1885,1910]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="22">Dimensions</emphasis>
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. Based on 10 unflattened rediae.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BD236B6FF8FFF85FF444AE9FE52FEF1" blockId="1.[151,1436,1405,2031]" box="[197,491,1925,1951]" pageId="1" pageNumber="22">Length: 400–580 (478.0)</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BD236B6FF8FFF85FF444AC1FE7BFEA9" blockId="1.[151,1436,1405,2031]" box="[197,450,1965,1991]" pageId="1" pageNumber="22">Width: 65–120 (89.0)</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BD236B6FF8FFF85FF444AB9FD3BFE81" blockId="1.[151,1436,1405,2031]" box="[197,642,2005,2031]" pageId="1" pageNumber="22">
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Pharynx: 20–28 (23.3)
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<date id="FFD31076FF8FFF85FE544AB9FD8DFE81" box="[469,564,2005,2031]" pageId="1" pageNumber="22" value="1920-10-25">x 20–25</date>
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(23.5)
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</paragraph>
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<caption id="DF12663EFF8CFF86FF164B39FB25FFBA" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/180898/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="23" targetBox="[175,1404,204,1575]" targetPageId="2">
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<paragraph id="8BD236B6FF8CFF86FF164B39FB25FFBA" blockId="2.[151,1436,1621,1748]" pageId="2" pageNumber="23">
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<emphasis id="B919EAA4FF8CFF86FF164B39FEA5FF03" bold="true" box="[151,284,1621,1645]" pageId="2" pageNumber="23">FIGURE 1.</emphasis>
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a–f.
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<emphasis id="B919EAA4FF8CFF86FED64B3AFD87FF03" box="[343,574,1622,1645]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="23">
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Cercaria
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<taxonomicName id="4C6D4D35FF8CFF86FE414B3AFD87FF03" box="[448,574,1622,1645]" class="Gastropoda" family="Buccinidae" genus="Cantharus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neogastropoda" pageId="2" pageNumber="23" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="capricornia">capricornia</taxonomicName>
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</emphasis>
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I naturally emerged from
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<taxonomicName id="4C6D4D35FF8CFF86FCE24B3AFB82FF03" box="[867,1083,1622,1645]" class="Gastropoda" family="Nassariidae" genus="Nassarius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neogastropoda" pageId="2" pageNumber="23" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="olivaceus">
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<emphasis id="B919EAA4FF8CFF86FCE24B3AFB82FF03" box="[867,1083,1622,1645]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="23">Nassarius olivaceus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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:
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<emphasis id="B919EAA4FF8CFF86FBCD4B39FBD9FF03" bold="true" box="[1100,1120,1621,1645]" pageId="2" pageNumber="23">a.</emphasis>
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Body, heat-killed, in ventral view;
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<emphasis id="B919EAA4FF8CFF86FF5B4B14FF56FFFE" bold="true" box="[218,239,1656,1680]" pageId="2" pageNumber="23">b.</emphasis>
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Entire cercaria, heat-killed, from side view;
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<emphasis id="B919EAA4FF8CFF86FD564B14FD50FFFE" bold="true" box="[727,745,1656,1680]" pageId="2" pageNumber="23">c.</emphasis>
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Live cercaria, body folded for swimming, from dorsal view;
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<emphasis id="B919EAA4FF8CFF86FA074B14FA22FFFE" bold="true" box="[1414,1435,1656,1680]" pageId="2" pageNumber="23">d.</emphasis>
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Live cercaria, resting attitude, side view;
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<emphasis id="B919EAA4FF8CFF86FDD24BF6FDDCFFDC" bold="true" box="[595,613,1690,1714]" pageId="2" pageNumber="23">e.</emphasis>
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Live cercaria, resting attitude, ventral view;
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<emphasis id="B919EAA4FF8CFF86FBC94BF6FBE1FFDC" bold="true" box="[1096,1112,1690,1714]" pageId="2" pageNumber="23">f.</emphasis>
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Rediae, fixed, containing cercariae at different stages of development. Scale bars a, b = 100 μm; c–e not to scale; f = 200 μm.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<paragraph id="8BD236B6FF8CFF86FF164A64FE6CFE4C" blockId="2.[151,1437,1800,2026]" box="[151,469,1800,1826]" pageId="2" pageNumber="23">Naturally emerged cercaria</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BD236B6FF8CFF87FF444A5DFB31F9B4" blockId="2.[151,1437,1800,2026]" lastBlockId="3.[151,1437,152,1898]" lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="24" pageId="2" pageNumber="23">
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<emphasis id="B919EAA4FF8CFF86FF444A5DFEB9FE24" box="[197,256,1841,1866]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="23">Body</emphasis>
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. Flattened, with conspicuous constriction at level of ventral sucker (
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<figureCitation id="13562A33FF8CFF86FBB04A5CFB1FFE24" box="[1073,1190,1840,1866]" captionStart="FIGURE 1. a – f" captionStartId="2.[151,255,1621,1645]" captionTargetBox="[175,1404,204,1575]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[151,1436,197,1595]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 1. a – f. Cercaria capricornia I naturally emerged from Nassarius olivaceus: a. Body, heat-killed, in ventral view; b. Entire cercaria, heat-killed, from side view; c. Live cercaria, body folded for swimming, from dorsal view; d. Live cercaria, resting attitude, side view; e. Live cercaria, resting attitude, ventral view; f. Rediae, fixed, containing cercariae at different stages of development. Scale bars a, b = 100 μm; c – e not to scale; f = 200 μm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/180898/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="23">Figure 1a</figureCitation>
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). Forebody reduced, slender, arched ventrally, widening medially. Hindbody posterior to constriction expanded, large, broadly ovate, extremely flattened, extending beyond tail junction on both sides, with deep ventral keel longitudinally between constriction and posterior hindbody; keel deepest between constriction and anterior extremity of excretory vesicle; ventral margin broadly rounded in profile (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13562A33FF8CFF86FCE74ABCFC63FE84" box="[870,986,2000,2026]" captionStart="FIGURE 1. a – f" captionStartId="2.[151,255,1621,1645]" captionTargetBox="[175,1404,204,1575]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[151,1436,197,1595]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 1. a – f. Cercaria capricornia I naturally emerged from Nassarius olivaceus: a. Body, heat-killed, in ventral view; b. Entire cercaria, heat-killed, from side view; c. Live cercaria, body folded for swimming, from dorsal view; d. Live cercaria, resting attitude, side view; e. Live cercaria, resting attitude, ventral view; f. Rediae, fixed, containing cercariae at different stages of development. Scale bars a, b = 100 μm; c – e not to scale; f = 200 μm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/180898/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="23">Figure 1b</figureCitation>
|
||
). In life, forebody reflexed dorsally at ventral sucker and curved ventrally, fleshy portion around ventral sucker expanded; hindbody slightly arched dorsally; sides reflexed dorsally on either side of keel in V formation (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13562A33FF8DFF87FC4F4DACFBC1F9B4" box="[974,1144,192,218]" captionStart="FIGURE 1. a – f" captionStartId="2.[151,255,1621,1645]" captionTargetBox="[175,1404,204,1575]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[151,1436,197,1595]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 1. a – f. Cercaria capricornia I naturally emerged from Nassarius olivaceus: a. Body, heat-killed, in ventral view; b. Entire cercaria, heat-killed, from side view; c. Live cercaria, body folded for swimming, from dorsal view; d. Live cercaria, resting attitude, side view; e. Live cercaria, resting attitude, ventral view; f. Rediae, fixed, containing cercariae at different stages of development. Scale bars a, b = 100 μm; c – e not to scale; f = 200 μm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/180898/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="24">Figures 1d, 1e</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD236B6FF8DFF87FF444D84FCFBF844" blockId="3.[151,1437,152,1898]" pageId="3" pageNumber="24">
|
||
<emphasis id="B919EAA4FF8DFF87FF444D84FE8AF86F" box="[197,307,232,257]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="24">Tegument</emphasis>
|
||
. Spines anterior to constriction, arranged in regular rows in anterior forebody, longest in anterior half forebody, decreasing in size towards constriction.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD236B6FF8DFF87FF444C54FC42F814" blockId="3.[151,1437,152,1898]" pageId="3" pageNumber="24">
|
||
<emphasis id="B919EAA4FF8DFF87FF444C54FE99F83F" box="[197,288,312,337]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="24">Suckers</emphasis>
|
||
. Oral sucker opening ventrosubterminally, spinose, lacking stylet. Ventral sucker round; aperture surrounded by single row of approximately 76–82 inwardly facing spines.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD236B6FF8DFF87FF444CE4FC18F8CC" blockId="3.[151,1437,152,1898]" box="[197,929,392,418]" pageId="3" pageNumber="24">
|
||
<emphasis id="B919EAA4FF8DFF87FF444CE4FE8EF8CF" box="[197,311,392,417]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="24">Eye-spots</emphasis>
|
||
. Oblong, dense, lateral on either side of prepharynx.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD236B6FF8DFF87FF444CDCFF67FB04" blockId="3.[151,1437,152,1898]" pageId="3" pageNumber="24">
|
||
<emphasis id="B919EAA4FF8DFF87FF444CDCFE9FF8A7" box="[197,294,432,457]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="24">Pigment</emphasis>
|
||
. Dark brown-black, dense, conspicuous, in forebody medially between eye-spots and pharynx; brown-black, diffuse, may be present between pharynx and ventral sucker; brown-black lines may be present on hindbody along ventral margin of keel and in two longitudinal lines lateral to keel on each side; golden brown, oblong, either side of tail base (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13562A33FF8DFF87FDED4F44FD58FB2C" box="[620,737,552,578]" captionStart="FIGURE 1. a – f" captionStartId="2.[151,255,1621,1645]" captionTargetBox="[175,1404,204,1575]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[151,1436,197,1595]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 1. a – f. Cercaria capricornia I naturally emerged from Nassarius olivaceus: a. Body, heat-killed, in ventral view; b. Entire cercaria, heat-killed, from side view; c. Live cercaria, body folded for swimming, from dorsal view; d. Live cercaria, resting attitude, side view; e. Live cercaria, resting attitude, ventral view; f. Rediae, fixed, containing cercariae at different stages of development. Scale bars a, b = 100 μm; c – e not to scale; f = 200 μm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/180898/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="24">Figure 1a</figureCitation>
|
||
). In life, pigment in forebody and lines on hindbody blueblack.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD236B6FF8DFF87FF444F14FBCAFB8C" blockId="3.[151,1437,152,1898]" pageId="3" pageNumber="24">
|
||
<emphasis id="B919EAA4FF8DFF87FF444F14FE1FFBFF" box="[197,422,632,657]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="24">Penetration glands</emphasis>
|
||
. Three pairs of long, elongate and folded saccular glands, extend from posterior margin of ventral sucker to excretory vesicle, longest may extend past anterior extremity of excretory vesicle; ducts run anteriorly on lateral edges of body. Central glands not evident in forebody.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD236B6FF8DFF87FF444F9CFAF6FA64" blockId="3.[151,1437,152,1898]" box="[197,1359,752,778]" pageId="3" pageNumber="24">
|
||
<emphasis id="B919EAA4FF8DFF87FF444F9CFE30FA67" box="[197,393,752,777]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="24">Digestive system</emphasis>
|
||
. Mouth opens anteroventrally. Prepharynx long, narrow. Pharynx pyriform, small.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD236B6FF8DFF87FF444E74FDD1FAEC" blockId="3.[151,1437,152,1898]" pageId="3" pageNumber="24">
|
||
<emphasis id="B919EAA4FF8DFF87FF444E74FE2DFA5F" box="[197,404,792,817]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="24">Excretory system</emphasis>
|
||
. Excretory vesicle I-shaped, cylindrical, turgid, thick-walled, with columnar cells, almost one-third length hindbody. Two lateral ducts open into anterior extremity of vesicle. Flame cells difficult to discern, formula not determined.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD236B6FF8DFF87FF444EFCFB7EFAC4" blockId="3.[151,1437,152,1898]" box="[197,1223,912,938]" pageId="3" pageNumber="24">
|
||
<emphasis id="B919EAA4FF8DFF87FF444EFCFF56FAC7" box="[197,239,912,937]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="24">Tail</emphasis>
|
||
. Simple, long, cylindrical, gradually tapering terminally; lacks spines, setae or fins.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD236B6FF8DFF87FF444ED4FCEDFABC" blockId="3.[151,1437,152,1898]" box="[197,852,952,978]" pageId="3" pageNumber="24">
|
||
<emphasis id="B919EAA4FF8DFF87FF444ED4FEF6FABF" box="[197,335,952,977]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="24">Dimensions</emphasis>
|
||
. Based on 86 naturally emerged specimens.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD236B6FF8DFF87FF444E8CFD01FA94" blockId="3.[151,1437,152,1898]" box="[197,696,992,1018]" pageId="3" pageNumber="24">Total body length: 580–800 (717.0 ± 48.6)</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD236B6FF8DFF87FF444964FCEEFD4C" blockId="3.[151,1437,152,1898]" box="[197,855,1032,1058]" pageId="3" pageNumber="24">Length anterior end to tail base: 530–750 (665.6 ± 45.9)</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD236B6FF8DFF87FF44495CFC9DFD24" blockId="3.[151,1437,152,1898]" box="[197,804,1072,1098]" pageId="3" pageNumber="24">Maximum width hindbody: 260–360 (313.3 ± 23.2)</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD236B6FF8DFF87FF444934FCA6FD1C" blockId="3.[151,1437,152,1898]" box="[197,799,1112,1138]" pageId="3" pageNumber="24">Maximum width forebody: 100–155 (123.6 ± 10.7)</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD236B6FF8DFF87FF4449ECFD6BFDF4" blockId="3.[151,1437,152,1898]" box="[197,722,1152,1178]" pageId="3" pageNumber="24">Width at constriction: 75–133 (106.6 ± 12.8)</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD236B6FF8DFF87FF4449C4FD16FDAC" blockId="3.[151,1437,152,1898]" box="[197,687,1192,1218]" pageId="3" pageNumber="24">Length forebody: 185–240 (215.0 ± 13.8)</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD236B6FF8DFF87FF4449BCFC96FD84" blockId="3.[151,1437,152,1898]" box="[197,815,1232,1258]" pageId="3" pageNumber="24">
|
||
Oral sucker: 42–58 (49.3 ± 2.8)
|
||
<date id="FFD31076FF8DFF87FDBE49BCFDC8FD84" box="[575,625,1232,1258]" pageId="3" pageNumber="24" value="1945-10">x 45</date>
|
||
–60 (51.7 ± 4.0)
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD236B6FF8DFF87FF444994FCE9FC7C" blockId="3.[151,1437,152,1898]" box="[197,848,1272,1298]" pageId="3" pageNumber="24">
|
||
Ventral sucker: 65–88 (78.0 ± 3.8)
|
||
<date id="FFD31076FF8DFF87FDDE4994FD2BFC7C" box="[607,658,1272,1298]" pageId="3" pageNumber="24" value="1965-10">x 65</date>
|
||
–83 (72.9 ± 4.8)
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD236B6FF8DFF87FF44484CFD03FC54" blockId="3.[151,1437,152,1898]" box="[197,698,1312,1338]" pageId="3" pageNumber="24">Prepharynx (n=83): 120–158 (135.9 ± 8.6)</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD236B6FF8DFF87FF444824FDD1FC0C" blockId="3.[151,1437,152,1898]" box="[197,616,1352,1378]" pageId="3" pageNumber="24">Pharynx (n=82): 20–38 (25.5 ± 3.6)</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD236B6FF8DFF87FF44481CFC15FCE4" blockId="3.[151,1437,152,1898]" box="[197,940,1392,1418]" pageId="3" pageNumber="24">
|
||
Excretory vesicle: 115–168 (141.8 ± 11.0)
|
||
<date id="FFD31076FF8DFF87FD3A481CFD57FCE4" box="[699,750,1392,1418]" pageId="3" pageNumber="24" value="1947-10">x 47</date>
|
||
–75 (56.3 ± 5.3)
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD236B6FF8DFF87FF4448F4FCDEFCDC" blockId="3.[151,1437,152,1898]" box="[197,871,1432,1458]" pageId="3" pageNumber="24">
|
||
Tail (n=42): 690–890 (829.0 ± 40.7)
|
||
<date id="FFD31076FF8DFF87FDF748F4FD6CFCDC" box="[630,725,1432,1458]" pageId="3" pageNumber="24" value="1955-10-30">x 30–55</date>
|
||
(42.7 ± 5.3)
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD236B6FF8DFF87FF4448ACFC26FCB4" blockId="3.[151,1437,152,1898]" box="[197,927,1472,1498]" pageId="3" pageNumber="24">
|
||
Pigment on forebody: 35–65 (47.6 ± 7.6)
|
||
<date id="FFD31076FF8DFF87FD2F48ACFCB4FCB4" box="[686,781,1472,1498]" pageId="3" pageNumber="24" value="1933-10-20">x 20–33</date>
|
||
(25.7 ± 2.7)
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD236B6FF8DFF87FF444884FE0CFF3C" blockId="3.[151,1437,152,1898]" pageId="3" pageNumber="24">
|
||
<emphasis id="B919EAA4FF8DFF87FF444884FD61FF6F" box="[197,728,1512,1537]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="24">Cercarial emergence: rhythm and variation.</emphasis>
|
||
Cercariae emerged in large numbers with variable periods between emergences (few days to weeks), sometimes emerging on consecutive days; emergence generally between 7 pm and 8 am.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD236B6FF8DFF87FF444B0CFC3DFE04" blockId="3.[151,1437,152,1898]" pageId="3" pageNumber="24">
|
||
<emphasis id="B919EAA4FF8DFF87FF444B0CFE8CFF17" box="[197,309,1632,1657]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="24">Behavior.</emphasis>
|
||
Naturally emerged cercariae are free-swimming and swim actively toward light where they orient themselves facing away from the light source. When swimming, the hindbody is folded ventrally and the forebody is highly contracted longitudinally (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13562A33FF8DFF87FD294BDCFCA2FFA4" box="[680,795,1712,1738]" captionStart="FIGURE 1. a – f" captionStartId="2.[151,255,1621,1645]" captionTargetBox="[175,1404,204,1575]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[151,1436,197,1595]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 1. a – f. Cercaria capricornia I naturally emerged from Nassarius olivaceus: a. Body, heat-killed, in ventral view; b. Entire cercaria, heat-killed, from side view; c. Live cercaria, body folded for swimming, from dorsal view; d. Live cercaria, resting attitude, side view; e. Live cercaria, resting attitude, ventral view; f. Rediae, fixed, containing cercariae at different stages of development. Scale bars a, b = 100 μm; c – e not to scale; f = 200 μm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/180898/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="24">Figure 1c</figureCitation>
|
||
); the tail lashes from side to side for movement. When resting, the hindbody is slightly flexed dorsally; tail extending backwards and angled ventrally from hindbody (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13562A33FF8DFF87FF1E4A6CFEAAFE74" box="[159,275,1792,1818]" captionStart="FIGURE 1. a – f" captionStartId="2.[151,255,1621,1645]" captionTargetBox="[175,1404,204,1575]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[151,1436,197,1595]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 1. a – f. Cercaria capricornia I naturally emerged from Nassarius olivaceus: a. Body, heat-killed, in ventral view; b. Entire cercaria, heat-killed, from side view; c. Live cercaria, body folded for swimming, from dorsal view; d. Live cercaria, resting attitude, side view; e. Live cercaria, resting attitude, ventral view; f. Rediae, fixed, containing cercariae at different stages of development. Scale bars a, b = 100 μm; c – e not to scale; f = 200 μm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/180898/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="24">Figure 1d</figureCitation>
|
||
). When first emerged, cercariae swim actively towards light and frequently rise to the surface after which they settle on their side or ventral side up. After about 24 hours cercariae become less active, decaudation may occur and they start to die. The cercariae never encyst.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |