381 lines
56 KiB
XML
381 lines
56 KiB
XML
<document id="91902656E49AFB68EED4A74E5E2DCE0B" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.3626.1.1" ID-GBIF-Dataset="88a90013-1d2c-412d-ac86-19f77b71223e" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="283424" ID-ZooBank="305F0208-A49B-4EBB-9249-8B8F8CF5E369" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1460580870517" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Lotzkat, Sebastian, Hertz, Andreas, Bienentreu, Joe-Felix & Köhler, Gunther" docDate="2013" docId="03FD7A3EFFA4FFEAFF0AFF61FDD0AEC8" docLanguage="en" docName="zt03626p054.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 3626 (1)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Dactyloa kunayalae Hulebak, Poe, Ibanez and Williams 2007, new species" docType="treatment" docVersion="6" lastPageNumber="38" masterDocId="FFC40246FF87FFCFFF9DFFF6FFC8A910" masterDocTitle="Distribution and variation of the giant alpha anoles (Squamata: Dactyloidae) of the genus Dactyloa in the highlands of western Panama, with the description of a new species formerly referred to as D. microtus" masterLastPageNumber="54" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="36" updateTime="1698324274614" updateUser="plazi">
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<mods:title id="545DB425AD2265A7EC19F8881D7A4F0D">Distribution and variation of the giant alpha anoles (Squamata: Dactyloidae) of the genus Dactyloa in the highlands of western Panama, with the description of a new species formerly referred to as D. microtus</mods:title>
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<mods:roleTerm id="A97963FEF741DEE22D7747AEB3B74D96">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="3B6A52B2C89EB6723F0908473BC5B99E">Lotzkat, Sebastian</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="C5B7B88F9550A973E604950B76115F91">Hertz, Andreas</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="B5F23B018BC36E71E98616486F0412ED">Bienentreu, Joe-Felix</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="AA06A51F08284C20B9A8047DE3AFDF8D">Köhler, Gunther</mods:namePart>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="36EB22C0EA637E39CED497A6529E9F7B">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title id="2C3BDBE852029F7DF6DA6C5F43D15EA5">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="47FAD73E788ACE91C371EAF660584BF3">2013</mods:date>
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<mods:detail id="871A66664A4FFC87A78243931AB85670" type="volume">
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<mods:number id="5949F34FC0D034321F9B03133725F348">3626</mods:number>
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<mods:classification id="0FFB572D8C00765C4A683D07F0527D9E">journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="E9D126B80ACEF04ED21536D43470A9BE" type="DOI">10.11646/zootaxa.3626.1.1</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="03FD7A3EFFA4FFEAFF0AFF61FDD0AEC8" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6163815" ID-GBIF-Taxon="127663431" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6163815" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03FD7A3EFFA4FFEAFF0AFF61FDD0AEC8" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03FD7A3EFFA4FFEAFF0AFF61FDD0AEC8" lastPageId="37" lastPageNumber="38" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">
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<subSubSection id="C34E98A3FFA4FFECFF0AFF61FDA2A827" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8BEBCB28FFA4FFECFF0AFF61FC54A9A1" blockId="35.[151,924,151,210]" box="[151,924,151,177]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">
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<heading id="D0A37C44FFA4FFECFF0AFF61FC54A9A1" bold="true" box="[151,924,151,177]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" reason="1">
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<taxonomicName id="4C54B0ABFFA4FFECFF0AFF61FC54A9A1" authority="Hulebak, Poe, Ibanez and Williams 2007" authorityName="Hulebak, Poe, Ibanez and Williams" authorityYear="2007" box="[151,924,151,177]" class="Squamata" family="Dactyloidae" genus="Dactyloa" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="kunayalae">
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<emphasis id="B920173AFFA4FFECFF0AFF61FC54A9A1" bold="true" box="[151,924,151,177]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">
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<emphasis id="B920173AFFA4FFECFF0AFF61FE4FA9A1" bold="true" box="[151,391,151,177]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Dactyloa kunayalae</emphasis>
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(Hulebak, Poe, Ibáñez and Williams 2007)
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</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BEBCB28FFA4FFECFF0AFF4CFE31A9C2" blockId="35.[151,924,151,210]" box="[151,505,186,210]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">
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<figureCitation id="136FD7ADFFA4FFECFF0AFF4CFECBA9C2" box="[151,259,186,210]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1799,1822]" captionTargetBox="[163,1412,228,1754]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[156,1431,213,1778]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 2. (A) Maximum likelihood consensus tree of 19 Panamanian anoles. Black bars demarcate smallest well-supported clusters. (B) Sampled individuals in life, with locality numbers referring to Fig. 1. (C) Taxonomic identity derived from morphology on the basis of available literature." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/283426/files/figure.png" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Figures 2</figureCitation>
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; 15; 17M–
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<collectingCountry id="F3438BB8FFA4FFECFEE2FF4CFE5CA9C2" box="[383,404,186,210]" name="Iceland" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">O</collectingCountry>
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; 18N–Q.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BEBCB28FFA4FFECFF0AFEF4FDA2A827" blockId="35.[151,1319,258,311]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">
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<taxonomicName id="4C54B0ABFFA4FFECFF0AFEF4FDF8A809" authority="Hulebak et al. (2007)" authorityName="Hulebak et al." authorityYear="2007" box="[151,560,258,281]" class="Reptilia" family="Dactyloidae" genus="Anolis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="kunayalae">
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<emphasis id="B920173AFFA4FFECFF0AFEF4FE86A808" box="[151,334,258,280]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Anolis kunayalae:</emphasis>
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Hulebak
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<emphasis id="B920173AFFA4FFECFE2CFEF5FE2CA808" box="[433,484,258,280]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">et al.</emphasis>
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(2007)
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</taxonomicName>
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; Poe
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<emphasis id="B920173AFFA4FFECFDFAFEF5FD52A808" box="[615,666,258,280]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">et al.</emphasis>
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(2009); Jaramillo
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<emphasis id="B920173AFFA4FFECFCC8FEF5FC40A808" box="[853,904,258,280]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">et al.</emphasis>
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(2010); Castañeda & de Queiroz (2011).
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<taxonomicName id="4C54B0ABFFA4FFECFF0AFED7FF10A827" box="[151,216,289,311]" class="Reptilia" family="Dactyloidae" genus="Anolis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus" status="sp. nov.">
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<emphasis id="B920173AFFA4FFECFF0AFED7FF10A827" box="[151,216,289,311]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Anolis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="A213AA41FFA4FFECFF43FED4FE9FA827" box="[222,343,289,311]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" rank="species">new species</taxonomicNameLabel>
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1: Nicholson
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<emphasis id="B920173AFFA4FFECFE7BFED4FDD2A827" box="[486,538,289,311]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">et al.</emphasis>
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(2005).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C34E98A3FFA4FFECFF0AFE92FAC7A88F" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" type="materials_examined">
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||
<paragraph id="8BEBCB28FFA4FFECFF0AFE92FAC7A88F" blockId="35.[151,1437,356,2000]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">
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<emphasis id="B920173AFFA4FFECFF0AFE92FEC3A86C" bold="true" box="[151,267,356,380]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">
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<typeStatus id="54EF758AFFA4FFECFF0AFE92FECEA86C" box="[151,262,356,380]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
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.
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</emphasis>
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MSB 72605, male, from along the trails of Parque National General de División Omar Torrijos Herrera,
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<quantity id="4CAC66CDFFA4FFECFF0AFE71FF18A88F" box="[151,208,391,415]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" unit="km" value="5.0">5 km</quantity>
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North of El Cope, Coclé Province,
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<collectingCountry id="F3438BB8FFA4FFECFDFDFE7EFD71A88F" box="[608,697,392,415]" name="Panama" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Panama</collectingCountry>
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(
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||
<geoCoordinate id="EE60ADEFFFA4FFECFD55FE71FC83A88F" box="[712,843,391,415]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" precision="1" value="8.671917">8°40.315'N</geoCoordinate>
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||
,
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||
<geoCoordinate id="EE60ADEFFFA4FFECFCCBFE71FC23A88F" box="[854,1003,391,415]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" precision="1" value="-80.591965">80°35.518'W</geoCoordinate>
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||
) (
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<figureCitation id="136FD7ADFFA4FFECFB9EFE71FB8FA88F" box="[1027,1095,391,415]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="2.[151,250,1046,1069]" captionTargetBox="[159,1429,195,1019]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[156,1430,193,1025]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 1. Collection localities of Dactyloa specimens in western Panama (main map) and Lower Central America (inset). Black circles represent examined specimens and reliable photo records listed in the Appendix, gray circles stand for other localities that are mentioned in the text. One symbol may summarize several localities close to each other. See text for abbreviations and details. (1) Río Changena; (2) Bajo Mono, Sendero La Cascada; (3) Alto Chiquero; (4) Sendero El Pianista, Casa de Calixto; (5) Sendero Pianista, 1500 m; (6) Cerro Guayabo; (7) headwaters of Río Chiriquí Malí; (8) Quebrada Arena; (9) Willie Mazú; (10) Cerro Pata de Macho; (11) Cerro Saguí; (12) Río Flor; (13) Río Hacha; (14) W slope Cerro Santiago, La Nevera; (15) E slope Cerro Santiago, Quebrada Ardilla; (16) Cerro Mariposa; (17) Cerro Negro; (18) Río Chilagres; (19) Distrito de Donoso: between Botija, Brazo, Petaquilla, and Rio del Medio; (20) Camp Summit; (21) La Palma; (22) Cerro Dantas; (23) Parque Nacional Tapantí; (24) Sendero Quetzales on N slope Volcán Barú, 7000 ft = 2130 m; (25) Cerro Horqueta; (26) Boquete; (27) BPPS, transect of Hofer and Bersier (2001); (28) Smithsonian station at RFLF; (29) Quebrada Frank; (30) road to Almirante, 400 m; (31) PNGDOTH north of El Copé; (32) Valle de Antón; (33) Altos de Campana; (34) Isla Barro Colorado; (35) Nusagandí." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/283425/files/figure.png" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
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: loc. 31;
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<figureCitation id="136FD7ADFFA4FFECFB32FE71FACAA88F" box="[1199,1282,391,415]" captionStart="FIGURE 22" captionStartId="45.[151,250,1046,1069]" captionTargetBox="[158,1428,195,1019]" captionTargetId="figure@45.[156,1432,193,1025]" captionTargetPageId="45" captionText="FIGURE 22. Distribution of Dactyloa ginaelisae, D. kunayalae, and D. microtus in western Panama (main map) and Lower Central America (inset). Localities of specimens with 16 S barcodes included in the molecular analyses are marked with an asterisk (*)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/283447/files/figure.png" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Fig. 22</figureCitation>
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).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C34E98A3FFA4FFECFF5AFE5DFED1AA3C" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph id="8BEBCB28FFA4FFECFF5AFE5DFED1AA3C" blockId="35.[151,1437,356,2000]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">
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<emphasis id="B920173AFFA4FFECFF5AFE5DFE89A8D4" bold="true" box="[199,321,427,452]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
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A large species (maximum SVL
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<quantity id="4CAC66CDFFA4FFECFD2AFE5AFCDDA8D4" box="[695,789,428,452]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.09" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" unit="mm" value="109.0">109 mm</quantity>
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) of the genus
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<taxonomicName id="4C54B0ABFFA4FFECFC29FE5AFBD3A8D4" box="[948,1051,428,452]" class="Squamata" family="Dactyloidae" genus="Dactyloa" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B920173AFFA4FFECFC29FE5AFBD3A8D4" box="[948,1051,428,452]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Dactyloa</emphasis>
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||
</taxonomicName>
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||
(
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||
<emphasis id="B920173AFFA4FFECFBB6FE5BFBA1A8D4" box="[1067,1129,429,452]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">sensu</emphasis>
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||
Nicholson
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<emphasis id="B920173AFFA4FFECFB76FE5BFAEBA8D4" box="[1259,1315,428,452]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">et al.</emphasis>
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2012) that is most similar in external morphology to the other members of this clade found in western
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<collectingCountry id="F3438BB8FFA4FFECFB37FE26FACBA8F7" box="[1194,1283,464,487]" name="Panama" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Panama</collectingCountry>
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(
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||
<emphasis id="B920173AFFA4FFECFA89FE27FD34AB1C" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">
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<taxonomicName id="4C54B0ABFFA4FFECFA89FE27FA50A8F8" box="[1300,1432,464,488]" class="Squamata" family="Dactyloidae" genus="Dactyloa" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="casildae">D. casildae</taxonomicName>
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||
,
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<taxonomicName id="4C54B0ABFFA4FFECFF0AFE03FEDDAB1C" box="[151,277,500,524]" class="Squamata" family="Dactyloidae" genus="Dactyloa" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="frenata">D. frenata</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName id="4C54B0ABFFA4FFECFEB4FE03FE03AB1C" box="[297,459,500,524]" class="Squamata" family="Dactyloidae" genus="Dactyloa" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ginaelisae">D. ginaelisae</taxonomicName>
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,
|
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<taxonomicName id="4C54B0ABFFA4FFECFE42FE03FD97AB1C" box="[479,607,500,524]" class="Squamata" family="Dactyloidae" genus="Dactyloa" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ibanezi">D. ibanezi</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
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<taxonomicName id="4C54B0ABFFA4FFECFDEEFE03FD30AB1C" box="[627,760,501,524]" class="Squamata" family="Dactyloidae" genus="Dactyloa" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="insignis">D. insignis</taxonomicName>
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,
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
and
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<taxonomicName id="4C54B0ABFFA4FFECFCD8FE03FC1AAB1C" box="[837,978,501,524]" class="Reptilia" family="Dactyloidae" genus="Anolis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="microtus">
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<emphasis id="B920173AFFA4FFECFCD8FE03FC1AAB1C" box="[837,978,501,524]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">D. microtus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
).
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C54B0ABFFA4FFECFC6FFE02FB14AB1C" box="[1010,1244,500,524]" class="Squamata" family="Dactyloidae" genus="Dactyloa" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="kunayalae">
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<emphasis id="B920173AFFA4FFECFC6FFE02FB14AB1C" box="[1010,1244,500,524]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Dactyloa kunayalae</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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can readily be distinguished from these six species by its coloration (described below, shown in
|
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<figureCitation id="136FD7ADFFA4FFECFBC5FDE1FB61AB3F" box="[1112,1193,535,559]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1799,1822]" captionTargetBox="[163,1412,228,1754]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[156,1431,213,1778]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 2. (A) Maximum likelihood consensus tree of 19 Panamanian anoles. Black bars demarcate smallest well-supported clusters. (B) Sampled individuals in life, with locality numbers referring to Fig. 1. (C) Taxonomic identity derived from morphology on the basis of available literature." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/283426/files/figure.png" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Figs. 2</figureCitation>
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and
|
||
<figureCitation id="136FD7ADFFA4FFECFB75FDE1FACEAB3F" box="[1256,1286,535,559]" captionStart="FIGURE 15" captionStartId="36.[151,252,1801,1824]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,193,1780]" captionTargetId="figure@36.[151,1436,193,1780]" captionTargetPageId="36" captionText="FIGURE 15. Specimens of Dactyloa kunayalae from western Panama: (A) adult male SMF 91484 from BPPS; (B) young female SMF 91485 from Río Hacha; (C) female SMF 96009 from Cerro Mariposa; (D) SMF 96009 in sleeping position; (E) uncollected, probably male specimen from Río Chilagres; (F – H) dewlaps of (F) male SMF 91484, (G) female SMF 96009, and (H) young female SMF 91485; (I) lateral, (J) dorsal, and (K) ventral views of head of SMF 91485; (L) ventral view of SMF 91485; (M) enlarged postcloacal scales of SMF 91484; ventral views of (N) left foot and (O) left hand of SMF 91485." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/283440/files/figure.png" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">15</figureCitation>
|
||
), and by the morphology of its toes: In contrast to the other species,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C54B0ABFFA4FFECFCBBFDCBFC76AB44" box="[806,958,572,596]" class="Squamata" family="Dactyloidae" genus="Dactyloa" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="kunayalae">
|
||
<emphasis id="B920173AFFA4FFECFCBBFDCBFC76AB44" box="[806,958,572,596]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">D. kunayalae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has narrow lamellar pads that are barely dilated under all toes and fingers, a distal phalanx (including claw) of the fourth toe that is longer than phalanges ii and iii combined, and the lowest number of subdigital lamellae under the fourth toe (35 or fewer in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C54B0ABFFA4FFECFA98FD73FA54AB8C" box="[1285,1436,644,668]" class="Squamata" family="Dactyloidae" genus="Dactyloa" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="kunayalae">
|
||
<emphasis id="B920173AFFA4FFECFA98FD73FA54AB8C" box="[1285,1436,644,668]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">D. kunayalae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
vs. 38 or more). Moreover, it has fewer subdigital lamellae under the fourth finger than the other species except
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C54B0ABFFA4FFECFA1CFD5FFF20ABF4" class="Squamata" family="Dactyloidae" genus="Dactyloa" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ibanezi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B920173AFFA4FFECFA1CFD5FFF20ABF4" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">D. ibanezi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(25 or fewer in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C54B0ABFFA4FFECFE2FFD3BFD83ABF4" box="[434,587,716,740]" class="Squamata" family="Dactyloidae" genus="Dactyloa" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="kunayalae">
|
||
<emphasis id="B920173AFFA4FFECFE2FFD3BFD83ABF4" box="[434,587,716,740]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">D. kunayalae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
vs. 29 or more). In addition,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C54B0ABFFA4FFECFC2CFD3BFB82ABF4" box="[945,1098,716,740]" class="Squamata" family="Dactyloidae" genus="Dactyloa" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="kunayalae">
|
||
<emphasis id="B920173AFFA4FFECFC2CFD3BFB82ABF4" box="[945,1098,716,740]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">D. kunayalae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
differs from
|
||
<emphasis id="B920173AFFA4FFECFB76FD3BFF26AA18" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C54B0ABFFA4FFECFB76FD3BFAB9ABF4" box="[1259,1393,716,740]" class="Squamata" family="Dactyloidae" genus="Dactyloa" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="casildae">D. casildae</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C54B0ABFFA4FFECFA1DFD3BFF22AA18" class="Squamata" family="Dactyloidae" genus="Dactyloa" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="frenata">D. frenata</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C54B0ABFFA4FFECFEBBFD07FE53AA18" box="[294,411,752,776]" class="Squamata" family="Dactyloidae" genus="Dactyloa" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ibanezi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B920173AFFA4FFECFEBBFD07FE53AA18" box="[294,411,752,776]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">D. ibanezi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in having short legs (tip of fourth toe of adpressed hind limb reaching to tympanum in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C54B0ABFFA4FFECFA1CFD07FEC1AA3C" class="Squamata" family="Dactyloidae" genus="Dactyloa" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="kunayalae">
|
||
<emphasis id="B920173AFFA4FFECFA1CFD07FEC1AA3C" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">D. kunayalae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C34E98A3FFA4FFEAFF5AFCC1FCA2ACB8" lastPageId="37" lastPageNumber="38" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BEBCB28FFA4FFECFF5AFCC1FAA4AC80" blockId="35.[151,1437,356,2000]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">
|
||
<emphasis id="B920173AFFA4FFECFF5AFCC1FE9FAA40" bold="true" box="[199,343,823,848]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Description.</emphasis>
|
||
Total length to
|
||
<quantity id="4CAC66CDFFA4FFECFD9EFCC1FD96AA5F" box="[515,606,823,847]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.54" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" unit="mm" value="354.0">354 mm</quantity>
|
||
(in our material); SVL to
|
||
<quantity id="4CAC66CDFFA4FFECFCE3FCC1FC12AA5F" box="[894,986,823,847]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.09" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" unit="mm" value="109.0">109 mm</quantity>
|
||
in males, to
|
||
<quantity id="4CAC66CDFFA4FFECFBFBFCC1FB7BAA5F" box="[1126,1203,823,847]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.1" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" unit="mm" value="81.0">81 mm</quantity>
|
||
in females; tail long, about 2–2.5 times SVL, compressed, without dorsal crest; legs short, tip of fourth toe of adpressed hind limb reaching to tympanum; internasals, canthals, and loreals keeled; scales of frontal and prefrontal area mostly rugose to keeled; IP distinct, surrounded by smaller, rugose scales; parietal eye distinct; scales of SS slightly but distinctly enlarged, rugose to keeled; scales of supraorbital disk less conspicuously enlarged, rugose or usually keeled; an elongate, keeled anterior superciliary scale (or two or three accordingly shorter ones, then together) at least half as long as horizontal eye diameter, usually followed by 1–3 similarly keeled, but much shorter scales; anterior sublabials slightly enlarged, but less high than INL; scales of temporal arch much larger than those above and below; ear opening moderate to large, higher than SPL and INL together, slightly lower to higher than eye, much larger than IP; nuchal and dorsal crests present; females without, males with two rows of keeled middorsal scales slightly enlarged; other dorsal scales as well as lateral scales granular, conical to keeled; ventrals larger than largest dorsals, smooth to slightly keeled; scales on anterodorsal surface of thigh unicarinate; scales on dorsal surface of forearm unicarinate, becoming multicarinate towards wrist; all fingers and toes with very weakly developed dilated pad, not even twice the width of distal phalanx; distal phalanx including claw of fourth toe longer than phalanges ii and iii combined; male dewlap large, extending posteriorly to one-third of the distance between axilla and groin; female dewlap moderate to large, extending posteriorly to up to one-fourth of the distance between axilla and groin in large specimens; interspaces between well-demarcated gorgetal-sternal scale rows almost free of scales in both sexes.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BEBCB28FFA4FFECFF5AFA6AFAD3ACEC" blockId="35.[151,1437,356,2000]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">
|
||
The completely everted hemipenis of SMF 91484 (
|
||
<figureCitation id="136FD7ADFFA4FFECFC8AFA6AFCBDACA4" box="[791,885,1436,1460]" captionStart="FIGURE 17" captionStartId="41.[151,250,1856,1879]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,241,1828]" captionTargetId="figure@41.[151,1436,241,1828]" captionTargetPageId="41" captionText="FIGURE 17. Hemipenes of Dactyloa from western Panama: (A – C) Dactyloa casildae, SMF 91454: (A) sulcate, (B) asulcate, and (C) lateral view; (D – F) Dactyloa frenata, SMF 89467: (D) sulcate, (E) asulcate, and (F) lateral view; (G – I) Dactyloa ginaelisae, SMF 89498: (G) sulcate, (H) asulcate, and (I) lateral view; (J – L) Dactyloa ibanezi, MHCH 2184: (J) sulcate, (K) asulcate, and (L) lateral view; (M – O) Dactyloa kunayalae, SMF 91484: (M) sulcate, (N) asulcate, and (O) lateral view; all scale bars equal 1 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/283442/files/figure.png" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Figs. 17</figureCitation>
|
||
M–
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3438BB8FFA4FFECFC01FA6AFC67ACA4" box="[924,943,1436,1460]" name="Iceland" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">O</collectingCountry>
|
||
) is a small, slightly bilobate organ; sulcus spermaticus bordered by well-developed sulcal lips, opening at base of apex into two broad concave areas, one on each lobe; no asulcate processus or ridge present; lobes finely calyculate, truncus with transverse folds.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BEBCB28FFA4FFECFF5AF9F1FD4EAEC0" blockId="35.[151,1437,356,2000]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">
|
||
Coloration in life.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C54B0ABFFA4FFECFE36F9FEFD5AAF30" box="[427,658,1544,1568]" class="Squamata" family="Dactyloidae" genus="Dactyloa" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="kunayalae">
|
||
<emphasis id="B920173AFFA4FFECFE36F9FEFD5AAF30" box="[427,658,1544,1568]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Dactyloa kunayalae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
presents a pronounced sexual dichromatism and apparently also ontogenetic changes in coloration. Dorsal and lateral surfaces in males largely green, turquoise, and blue, with darker green or blue as well as brown and yellow blotches that tend to form transverse and reticulate bands and lines (
|
||
<figureCitation id="136FD7ADFFA4FFECFF46F982FEFFAF9C" box="[219,311,1652,1676]" captionStart="FIGURE 15" captionStartId="36.[151,252,1801,1824]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,193,1780]" captionTargetId="figure@36.[151,1436,193,1780]" captionTargetPageId="36" captionText="FIGURE 15. Specimens of Dactyloa kunayalae from western Panama: (A) adult male SMF 91484 from BPPS; (B) young female SMF 91485 from Río Hacha; (C) female SMF 96009 from Cerro Mariposa; (D) SMF 96009 in sleeping position; (E) uncollected, probably male specimen from Río Chilagres; (F – H) dewlaps of (F) male SMF 91484, (G) female SMF 96009, and (H) young female SMF 91485; (I) lateral, (J) dorsal, and (K) ventral views of head of SMF 91485; (L) ventral view of SMF 91485; (M) enlarged postcloacal scales of SMF 91484; ventral views of (N) left foot and (O) left hand of SMF 91485." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/283440/files/figure.png" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Figs. 15</figureCitation>
|
||
A, F); females chiefly green with dark green to brown blotches usually suggesting transverse bands, and interspersed light markings (
|
||
<figureCitation id="136FD7ADFFA4FFECFD94F961FDACAFBF" box="[521,612,1687,1711]" captionStart="FIGURE 15" captionStartId="36.[151,252,1801,1824]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,193,1780]" captionTargetId="figure@36.[151,1436,193,1780]" captionTargetPageId="36" captionText="FIGURE 15. Specimens of Dactyloa kunayalae from western Panama: (A) adult male SMF 91484 from BPPS; (B) young female SMF 91485 from Río Hacha; (C) female SMF 96009 from Cerro Mariposa; (D) SMF 96009 in sleeping position; (E) uncollected, probably male specimen from Río Chilagres; (F – H) dewlaps of (F) male SMF 91484, (G) female SMF 96009, and (H) young female SMF 91485; (I) lateral, (J) dorsal, and (K) ventral views of head of SMF 91485; (L) ventral view of SMF 91485; (M) enlarged postcloacal scales of SMF 91484; ventral views of (N) left foot and (O) left hand of SMF 91485." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/283440/files/figure.png" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Figs. 15</figureCitation>
|
||
B–D, G–L); juvenile females with conspicuous dark vertical lip bars that extend onto ventral surfaces of head; larger females and the adult male with rather immaculate, yellowish green lips; similarly, lateral pattern extending further onto venter in juveniles, whereas adults have a largely unicolor venter. Both sexes with crossbanded limbs, a diffuse postorbital blotch or stripe, more or less pronounced dark crossbands throughout the tail, and a reddish brown iris; male dewlap white with an orange-yellow margin; female dewlap white with a narrower margin of lighter yellow (
|
||
<figureCitation id="136FD7ADFFA4FFECFC82F8BAFCBCAE74" box="[799,884,1868,1892]" captionStart="FIGURE 15" captionStartId="36.[151,252,1801,1824]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,193,1780]" captionTargetId="figure@36.[151,1436,193,1780]" captionTargetPageId="36" captionText="FIGURE 15. Specimens of Dactyloa kunayalae from western Panama: (A) adult male SMF 91484 from BPPS; (B) young female SMF 91485 from Río Hacha; (C) female SMF 96009 from Cerro Mariposa; (D) SMF 96009 in sleeping position; (E) uncollected, probably male specimen from Río Chilagres; (F – H) dewlaps of (F) male SMF 91484, (G) female SMF 96009, and (H) young female SMF 91485; (I) lateral, (J) dorsal, and (K) ventral views of head of SMF 91485; (L) ventral view of SMF 91485; (M) enlarged postcloacal scales of SMF 91484; ventral views of (N) left foot and (O) left hand of SMF 91485." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/283440/files/figure.png" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Fig. 15</figureCitation>
|
||
). In the course of metachrosis, the ground color may assume a reddish brown similar to iris color, approximate the tonality of the dark markings, or the dark markings lighten up to become diffuse or barely visible. Color photographs of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C54B0ABFFA4FFECFB8BF863FB65AEBC" box="[1046,1197,1940,1964]" class="Squamata" family="Dactyloidae" genus="Dactyloa" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="kunayalae">
|
||
<emphasis id="B920173AFFA4FFECFB8BF863FB65AEBC" box="[1046,1197,1940,1964]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">D. kunayalae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
have been published by Hulebak
|
||
<emphasis id="B920173AFFA4FFECFEBDF84FFE90AEC0" box="[288,344,1976,2000]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
(2007) and Köhler (2008).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="DF2B9BA0FFA3FFEBFF0AF8FFFED2AEA9" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/283440/files/figure.png" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" targetBox="[151,1435,193,1780]" targetPageId="36">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BEBCB28FFA3FFEBFF0AF8FFFED2AEA9" blockId="36.[151,1436,1801,1977]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">
|
||
<emphasis id="B920173AFFA3FFEBFF0AF8FFFEEBAE0F" bold="true" box="[151,291,1801,1824]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">FIGURE 15.</emphasis>
|
||
Specimens of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C54B0ABFFA3FFEBFE23F8FCFD59AE30" box="[446,657,1802,1824]" class="Squamata" family="Dactyloidae" genus="Dactyloa" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="kunayalae">
|
||
<emphasis id="B920173AFFA3FFEBFE23F8FCFD59AE30" box="[446,657,1802,1824]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">Dactyloa kunayalae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from western Panama: (A) adult male SMF 91484 from BPPS; (B) young female SMF 91485 from Río Hacha; (C) female SMF 96009 from Cerro Mariposa; (D) SMF 96009 in sleeping position; (E) uncollected, probably male specimen from Río Chilagres; (F–H) dewlaps of (F) male SMF 91484, (G) female SMF 96009, and (H) young female SMF 91485; (I) lateral, (J) dorsal, and (K) ventral views of head of SMF 91485; (L) ventral view of SMF 91485; (M) enlarged postcloacal scales of SMF 91484; ventral views of (N) left foot and (O) left hand of SMF 91485.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BEBCB28FFA2FFEAFF5AFF61FB33AA15" blockId="37.[151,1437,151,2008]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">
|
||
The coloration in life of the adult male (SMF 91484,
|
||
<figureCitation id="136FD7ADFFA2FFEAFC81FF61FCBEA9BF" box="[796,886,151,175]" captionStart="FIGURE 15" captionStartId="36.[151,252,1801,1824]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,193,1780]" captionTargetId="figure@36.[151,1436,193,1780]" captionTargetPageId="36" captionText="FIGURE 15. Specimens of Dactyloa kunayalae from western Panama: (A) adult male SMF 91484 from BPPS; (B) young female SMF 91485 from Río Hacha; (C) female SMF 96009 from Cerro Mariposa; (D) SMF 96009 in sleeping position; (E) uncollected, probably male specimen from Río Chilagres; (F – H) dewlaps of (F) male SMF 91484, (G) female SMF 96009, and (H) young female SMF 91485; (I) lateral, (J) dorsal, and (K) ventral views of head of SMF 91485; (L) ventral view of SMF 91485; (M) enlarged postcloacal scales of SMF 91484; ventral views of (N) left foot and (O) left hand of SMF 91485." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/283440/files/figure.png" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">Figs. 15</figureCitation>
|
||
A, F, M) was recorded as follows: Dorsal ground color Bunting Green (150) with a suggestion of Lime Green (159), suffused with Cyan (164) on the flanks and bearing a few scattered
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3438BB8FFA2FFEAFE3FFF14FE16A9EA" box="[418,478,226,250]" name="South Africa" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">Natal</collectingCountry>
|
||
Brown (219A) areas; body with mottling partly fusing to form a reticulum of Cream Color (54), grading into Raw Sienna (136) anteriorly and on the head; dorsal surfaces of body and legs mottled with Sepia (119); tail Light Drab (119C), grading into Drab-Gray (119D) ventrally, with Sepia (119) crossbands; lips and ventral surface of head Chartreuse (158); ventral surfaces of limbs, body and base of tail Sulphur Yellow (57); iris Mahogany Red (132B); dewlap Sulphur Yellow (57) on basal portions, grading into dirty white towards the center, and a broad Spectrum Orange (17) with a suggestion of Orange Yellow (18) margin; dewlap scales dirty white and Chartreuse (158). The coloration in life of a young female (SMF 91485,
|
||
<figureCitation id="136FD7ADFFA2FFEAFBD4FE34FB52A8CA" box="[1097,1178,450,474]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1799,1822]" captionTargetBox="[163,1412,228,1754]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[156,1431,213,1778]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 2. (A) Maximum likelihood consensus tree of 19 Panamanian anoles. Black bars demarcate smallest well-supported clusters. (B) Sampled individuals in life, with locality numbers referring to Fig. 1. (C) Taxonomic identity derived from morphology on the basis of available literature." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/283426/files/figure.png" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">Figs. 2</figureCitation>
|
||
; 15B, H–L, N,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3438BB8FFA2FFEAFAD7FE34FA97A8CA" box="[1354,1375,450,474]" name="Iceland" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">O</collectingCountry>
|
||
) was recorded as follows: Dorsal and lateral ground color of body, limbs, base of tail, and head Lime Green (159), grading into Pistachio (161) laterally, with Sepia (119) mottling except on snout that partly fuses to form broken crossbands on body, limbs, and base of tail; head, body, and limbs with scattered, diffuse blotches of Mahogany Red (132B); tail Ground Cinnamon (239) with Warm Sepia (221A) crossbands that grade into Sepia (119) dorsally, their Sepia (119) portions ventrally bordered by dirty white mottling; ventral surfaces of body, head, and limbs Tawny Olive (223D), mottled with Warm Sepia (221A) and dirty white, giving the impression of transverse stripes especially laterally and under head; iris Mahogany Red (132B); dewlap Yellowish Olive-Green (50) with a Buff Yellow (53) margin and broad, partly broken gorgetal-sternal rows of small Buff-Yellow (53) scales.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BEBCB28FFA2FFEAFF5AFCE4FD1DAA65" blockId="37.[151,1437,151,2008]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">
|
||
Coloration in preservative. After 22–74 months of preservation in 70% ethanol all yellow, green, and blue colors have given way to brown, cream, and white. Only a very faint suggestion of yellow is retained on the margin of the male dewlap after 23 months (
|
||
<figureCitation id="136FD7ADFFA2FFEAFDAEFCABFD45AA65" box="[563,653,861,885]" captionStart="FIGURE 18" captionStartId="42.[151,250,1801,1824]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,193,1780]" captionTargetId="figure@42.[151,1436,193,1780]" captionTargetPageId="42" captionText="FIGURE 18. Preserved specimens of Dactyloa from western Panama: (A – D) Dactyloa casildae, (A) and (B) young male MHCH 2121, SVL = 69 mm; (C) and (D) female SMF 89453, SVL = 81 mm; (E – G) D. frenata, (E) male SMF 89467, SVL = 132 mm, (F) and (G) young male SMF 91460, SVL = 72 mm; (H – J) D. ibanezi, (H) male paratype SMF 89459, SVL = 78 mm, (I) and (J) female SMF 91475, SVL = 78 mm; (K – M) D. insignis, (K) adult female SMF 89482, SVL = 124 mm, (L) and (M) juvenile female SMF 91477, SVL = 64 mm; (N – Q) D. kunayalae, (N) and (O) male SMF 91484, SVL = 103 mm; (P) and (Q) young female SMF 91485, SVL = 64 mm; (R) and (S) D. ginaelisae, female SMF 91503, SVL = 100 mm; (T) and (U) D. microtus, young male SMF 91499, SVL = 65 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/283443/files/figure.png" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">Figs. 18</figureCitation>
|
||
N–Q).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BEBCB28FFA2FFEAFF5AFC74FBA4AD1A" blockId="37.[151,1437,151,2008]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">
|
||
<emphasis id="B920173AFFA2FFEAFF5AFC74FE27AA8B" bold="true" box="[199,495,898,923]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">Geographic distribution.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C54B0ABFFA2FFEAFE6BFC75FD1FAA8B" box="[502,727,899,923]" class="Squamata" family="Dactyloidae" genus="Dactyloa" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="kunayalae">
|
||
<emphasis id="B920173AFFA2FFEAFE6BFC75FD1FAA8B" box="[502,727,899,923]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">Dactyloa kunayalae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is distributed from eastern
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3438BB8FFA2FFEAFB90FC75FBAEAA8A" box="[1037,1126,899,922]" name="Panama" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">Panama</collectingCountry>
|
||
to western
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3438BB8FFA2FFEAFB74FC75FA8DAA8A" box="[1257,1349,899,922]" name="Panama" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">Panama</collectingCountry>
|
||
, mostly along the Caribbean versant. This Panamanian endemic has been recorded from the Comarcas Kuna Yala and Ngöbe-Buglé as well as from the provinces of Chiriquí, Coclé, Colón, Veraguas, and probably also Darién (see remarks). It is a denizen of low and premontane elevations at
|
||
<quantity id="4CAC66CDFFA2FFEAFCD4FC04FC1EAD1A" box="[841,982,1010,1034]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.85" metricValueMax="10.5" metricValueMin="3.2" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" unit="m" value="685.0" valueMax="1050.0" valueMin="320.0">320–1050 m</quantity>
|
||
asl (
|
||
<figureCitation id="136FD7ADFFA2FFEAFB96FC04FBA8AD1A" box="[1035,1120,1010,1034]" captionStart="FIGURE 22" captionStartId="45.[151,250,1046,1069]" captionTargetBox="[158,1428,195,1019]" captionTargetId="figure@45.[156,1432,193,1025]" captionTargetPageId="45" captionText="FIGURE 22. Distribution of Dactyloa ginaelisae, D. kunayalae, and D. microtus in western Panama (main map) and Lower Central America (inset). Localities of specimens with 16 S barcodes included in the molecular analyses are marked with an asterisk (*)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/283447/files/figure.png" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">Fig. 22</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BEBCB28FFA2FFEAFF5AFBEEFB19AD6B" blockId="37.[151,1437,151,2008]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">
|
||
<emphasis id="B920173AFFA2FFEAFF5AFBEEFE07AD20" bold="true" box="[199,463,1047,1072]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">Natural history notes.</emphasis>
|
||
Our specimens were encountered at night while they were sleeping on branches and lianas
|
||
<quantity id="4CAC66CDFFA2FFEAFF7CFBCBFEE1AD45" box="[225,297,1085,1109]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" metricValueMax="8.0" metricValueMin="2.0" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" unit="m" value="5.0" valueMax="8.0" valueMin="2.0">2–8 m</quantity>
|
||
above ground. We found this species to occur in syntopy with
|
||
<emphasis id="B920173AFFA2FFEAFC60FBCBFA88AD45" box="[1021,1344,1085,1109]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C54B0ABFFA2FFEAFC60FBCBFB77AD45" box="[1021,1215,1085,1109]" class="Squamata" family="Dactyloidae" genus="Dactyloa" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="frenata">Dactyloa frenata</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C54B0ABFFA2FFEAFB56FBC8FA88AD45" box="[1227,1344,1085,1109]" class="Squamata" family="Dactyloidae" genus="Dactyloa" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ibanezi">D. ibanezi</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
, and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C54B0ABFFA2FFEAFA1CFBC8FF26AD6B" class="Squamata" family="Dactyloidae" genus="Dactyloa" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="insignis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B920173AFFA2FFEAFA1CFBC8FF26AD6B" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">D. insignis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
at two sites (
|
||
<figureCitation id="136FD7ADFFA2FFEAFE1FFB94FE0EAD6A" box="[386,454,1122,1146]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="2.[151,250,1046,1069]" captionTargetBox="[159,1429,195,1019]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[156,1430,193,1025]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 1. Collection localities of Dactyloa specimens in western Panama (main map) and Lower Central America (inset). Black circles represent examined specimens and reliable photo records listed in the Appendix, gray circles stand for other localities that are mentioned in the text. One symbol may summarize several localities close to each other. See text for abbreviations and details. (1) Río Changena; (2) Bajo Mono, Sendero La Cascada; (3) Alto Chiquero; (4) Sendero El Pianista, Casa de Calixto; (5) Sendero Pianista, 1500 m; (6) Cerro Guayabo; (7) headwaters of Río Chiriquí Malí; (8) Quebrada Arena; (9) Willie Mazú; (10) Cerro Pata de Macho; (11) Cerro Saguí; (12) Río Flor; (13) Río Hacha; (14) W slope Cerro Santiago, La Nevera; (15) E slope Cerro Santiago, Quebrada Ardilla; (16) Cerro Mariposa; (17) Cerro Negro; (18) Río Chilagres; (19) Distrito de Donoso: between Botija, Brazo, Petaquilla, and Rio del Medio; (20) Camp Summit; (21) La Palma; (22) Cerro Dantas; (23) Parque Nacional Tapantí; (24) Sendero Quetzales on N slope Volcán Barú, 7000 ft = 2130 m; (25) Cerro Horqueta; (26) Boquete; (27) BPPS, transect of Hofer and Bersier (2001); (28) Smithsonian station at RFLF; (29) Quebrada Frank; (30) road to Almirante, 400 m; (31) PNGDOTH north of El Copé; (32) Valle de Antón; (33) Altos de Campana; (34) Isla Barro Colorado; (35) Nusagandí." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/283425/files/figure.png" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
|
||
: locs. 9 and 16), and with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C54B0ABFFA2FFEAFD73FB92FCA6AD6B" box="[750,878,1123,1147]" class="Squamata" family="Dactyloidae" genus="Dactyloa" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="casildae">
|
||
<emphasis id="B920173AFFA2FFEAFD73FB92FCA6AD6B" box="[750,878,1123,1147]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">D. casildae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
at one locality (
|
||
<figureCitation id="136FD7ADFFA2FFEAFBBEFB94FBAFAD6A" box="[1059,1127,1122,1146]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="2.[151,250,1046,1069]" captionTargetBox="[159,1429,195,1019]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[156,1430,193,1025]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 1. Collection localities of Dactyloa specimens in western Panama (main map) and Lower Central America (inset). Black circles represent examined specimens and reliable photo records listed in the Appendix, gray circles stand for other localities that are mentioned in the text. One symbol may summarize several localities close to each other. See text for abbreviations and details. (1) Río Changena; (2) Bajo Mono, Sendero La Cascada; (3) Alto Chiquero; (4) Sendero El Pianista, Casa de Calixto; (5) Sendero Pianista, 1500 m; (6) Cerro Guayabo; (7) headwaters of Río Chiriquí Malí; (8) Quebrada Arena; (9) Willie Mazú; (10) Cerro Pata de Macho; (11) Cerro Saguí; (12) Río Flor; (13) Río Hacha; (14) W slope Cerro Santiago, La Nevera; (15) E slope Cerro Santiago, Quebrada Ardilla; (16) Cerro Mariposa; (17) Cerro Negro; (18) Río Chilagres; (19) Distrito de Donoso: between Botija, Brazo, Petaquilla, and Rio del Medio; (20) Camp Summit; (21) La Palma; (22) Cerro Dantas; (23) Parque Nacional Tapantí; (24) Sendero Quetzales on N slope Volcán Barú, 7000 ft = 2130 m; (25) Cerro Horqueta; (26) Boquete; (27) BPPS, transect of Hofer and Bersier (2001); (28) Smithsonian station at RFLF; (29) Quebrada Frank; (30) road to Almirante, 400 m; (31) PNGDOTH north of El Copé; (32) Valle de Antón; (33) Altos de Campana; (34) Isla Barro Colorado; (35) Nusagandí." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/283425/files/figure.png" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
|
||
: loc. 13).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BEBCB28FFA2FFEAFF5AFB71FCACAC1F" blockId="37.[151,1437,151,2008]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">
|
||
Our automatized temperature recordings at localities where we encountered
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C54B0ABFFA2FFEAFB83FB7EFB37ADB0" box="[1054,1279,1160,1184]" class="Squamata" family="Dactyloidae" genus="Dactyloa" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="kunayalae">
|
||
<emphasis id="B920173AFFA2FFEAFB83FB7EFB37ADB0" box="[1054,1279,1160,1184]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">Dactyloa kunayalae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<quantity id="4CAC66CDFFA2FFEAFA90FB71FA54AD8F" box="[1293,1436,1159,1183]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.65" metricValueMax="10.5" metricValueMin="4.8" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" unit="m" value="765.0" valueMax="1050.0" valueMin="480.0">480–1050 m</quantity>
|
||
asl) range between 17.6–27.6°C. According to our combined dataset of 26 georeferenced occurrences, the species inhabits LMF, PMMF, and PMWF, with temperatures between 14.7–30.1°C, mean annual temperatures of 20.6–25.4°C and a total annual precipitation of
|
||
<quantity id="4CAC66CDFFA2FFEAFD31FB01FCA8AC1F" box="[684,864,1271,1295]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.5935" metricValueMax="3.4519999999999995" metricValueMin="1.735" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" unit="mm" value="2593.5" valueMax="3452.0" valueMin="1735.0">1735–3452 mm</quantity>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BEBCB28FFA2FFEAFF5AFAEBFCA2ACB8" blockId="37.[151,1437,151,2008]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">
|
||
<emphasis id="B920173AFFA2FFEAFF5AFAEBFEA6AC26" bold="true" box="[199,366,1309,1334]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">Conservation.</emphasis>
|
||
Jaramillo
|
||
<emphasis id="B920173AFFA2FFEAFE70FAE8FDE1AC25" box="[493,553,1309,1333]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
(2010) calculated an EVS of 12 for
|
||
<emphasis id="B920173AFFA2FFEAFC7EFAEBFB07AC25" box="[995,1231,1309,1333]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C54B0ABFFA2FFEAFC7EFAEBFB03AC25" box="[995,1227,1309,1333]" class="Squamata" family="Dactyloidae" genus="Dactyloa" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="kunayalae">Dactyloa kunayalae</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
and assigned the species to the IUCN category LC. We calculated the species’ EVS as 5 (range) + 3 (persecution) + 4 (ecological distribution) = 12. Its extent of occurrence of
|
||
<quantity id="4CAC66CDFFA2FFEAFD0CFA9CFCC9AC92" box="[657,769,1386,1410]" metricMagnitude="7" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.9441" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" unit="km" value="19441.0">19441 km</quantity>
|
||
2 and the continuing deforestation we observed in the region qualify
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C54B0ABFFA2FFEAFF70FA67FE4AACB8" box="[237,386,1424,1448]" class="Squamata" family="Dactyloidae" genus="Dactyloa" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="kunayalae">
|
||
<emphasis id="B920173AFFA2FFEAFF70FA67FE4AACB8" box="[237,386,1424,1448]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">D. kunayalae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
for the IUCN category “Vulnerable” (VU).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C34E98A3FFA2FFEAFF5AFA40FDD0AEC8" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BEBCB28FFA2FFEAFF5AFA40FE88AFC2" blockId="37.[151,1437,151,2008]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">
|
||
<emphasis id="B920173AFFA2FFEAFF5AFA40FEF3ACDE" bold="true" box="[199,315,1462,1486]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">Remarks.</emphasis>
|
||
Our findings of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C54B0ABFFA2FFEAFE64FA43FD13ACDD" box="[505,731,1461,1485]" class="Squamata" family="Dactyloidae" genus="Dactyloa" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="kunayalae">
|
||
<emphasis id="B920173AFFA2FFEAFE64FA43FD13ACDD" box="[505,731,1461,1485]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">Dactyloa kunayalae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
raise the altitudinal maximum by
|
||
<quantity id="4CAC66CDFFA2FFEAFBFCFA43FB63ACDD" box="[1121,1195,1461,1485]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.5" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" unit="m" value="250.0">250 m</quantity>
|
||
, originate from up to
|
||
<quantity id="4CAC66CDFFA2FFEAFF0AFA2CFF26ACE2" box="[151,238,1498,1522]" metricMagnitude="5" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.8" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" unit="km" value="180.0">180 km</quantity>
|
||
west of the documented range, and constitute the first records for Chiriquí, Veraguas, and the Comarca Ngöbe-Buglé (Hulebak
|
||
<emphasis id="B920173AFFA2FFEAFE36F9F7FE2EAF08" box="[427,486,1536,1560]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2007). Moreover, GK had the privilege to examine the specimen FMNH 170034 (collected in
|
||
<date id="FFEAEDE8FFA2FFEAFEB2F9D0FE0AAF2D" box="[303,450,1573,1598]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" value="1967-08">August 1967</date>
|
||
by Michael Duever at "border of Darien, Summit site,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE60ADEFFFA2FFEAFBD6F9D3FB51AF2D" box="[1099,1177,1573,1597]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" precision="925" value="8.916667">8°55'N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE60ADEFFFA2FFEAFB3EF9D3FACFAF2D" box="[1187,1287,1573,1597]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" precision="925" value="-77.85">77°51'W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<quantity id="4CAC66CDFFA2FFEAFA88F9D3FA90AF2D" box="[1301,1368,1573,1597]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.2" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" unit="m" value="320.0">320m</quantity>
|
||
") and identified it as an adult male
|
||
<emphasis id="B920173AFFA2FFEAFE63F9BAFD68AF73" box="[510,672,1611,1635]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C54B0ABFFA2FFEAFE63F9BAFD54AF73" box="[510,668,1611,1635]" class="Squamata" family="Dactyloidae" genus="Dactyloa" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="kunayalae">D. kunayalae</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
probably the first specimen of this species ever collected. This specimen further extends the documented range some
|
||
<quantity id="4CAC66CDFFA2FFEAFD67F986FC87AF98" box="[762,847,1648,1672]" metricMagnitude="5" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.35" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" unit="km" value="135.0">135 km</quantity>
|
||
east-southeast from the nearest record in Nusagandí (Hulebak
|
||
<emphasis id="B920173AFFA2FFEAFE9BF961FEF6AFBD" box="[262,318,1685,1710]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2007), may be regarded as the first record for Darién province, and sets the new lower vertical limit for the species.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BEBCB28FFA2FFEAFF5AF916FDD0AEC8" blockId="37.[151,1437,151,2008]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">
|
||
Hulebak
|
||
<emphasis id="B920173AFFA2FFEAFEB2F917FEA1AFE8" box="[303,361,1760,1784]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
(2007) described
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C54B0ABFFA2FFEAFDA6F916FCD6AFE8" box="[571,798,1760,1784]" class="Squamata" family="Dactyloidae" genus="Dactyloa" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="kunayalae">
|
||
<emphasis id="B920173AFFA2FFEAFDA6F916FCD6AFE8" box="[571,798,1760,1784]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">Dactyloa kunayalae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
to be long-legged, with the fourth toe reaching “to eye when hindleg pressed against body.” This trait was implied as diagnostic in the key of Köhler (2008). Strictly adhering to that key characteristic, all our specimens would have been identified as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C54B0ABFFA2FFEAFBFAF8DAFB2BAE53" box="[1127,1251,1836,1859]" class="Squamata" family="Dactyloidae" genus="Dactyloa" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="insignis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B920173AFFA2FFEAFBFAF8DAFB2BAE53" box="[1127,1251,1836,1859]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">D. insignis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
or
|
||
<emphasis id="B920173AFFA2FFEAFA92F8DAFA54AE53" box="[1295,1436,1836,1859]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C54B0ABFFA2FFEAFA92F8DAFA50AE53" box="[1295,1432,1836,1859]" class="Reptilia" family="Dactyloidae" genus="Anolis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="microtus">D. microtus</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
since their hind legs are short with the fourth toe merely reaching to tympanum. Although we do not know if there is really so much geographical variation in relative hind limb length in
|
||
<emphasis id="B920173AFFA2FFEAFC2CF881FB85AE9D" box="[945,1101,1909,1934]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C54B0ABFFA2FFEAFC2CF881FB82AE9D" box="[945,1098,1909,1934]" class="Squamata" family="Dactyloidae" genus="Dactyloa" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="kunayalae">D. kunayalae</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
we consider it rather unlikely and prefer to attribute this discrepancy to different ways of extending or adpressing hind limbs, or bending the specimens’ bodies while doing so.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |