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<mods:title id="5CA5AF053E224695A73DBD0FC0082216">Craniodental Morphology And Phylogeny Of Marsupials</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="89FF0CC6D27D9BB0AA42B6BC0889409F">Voss, Robert S.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="65A835067E16705B230C86538AA747CC">Jansa, Sharon A.</mods:namePart>
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<paragraph id="8BF96C4BF6E868FAD92CFBB61E22FBF7" blockId="211.[807,1088,1048,1072]" box="[807,1088,1048,1072]" pageId="211" pageNumber="211">
<heading id="D0B1DB27F6E868FAD92CFBB61E22FBF7" box="[807,1088,1048,1072]" centered="true" fontSize="9" level="2" pageId="211" pageNumber="211" reason="2">
<taxonomicName id="4C4617C8F6E868FAD92CFBB61E22FBF7" ID-CoL="622KW" authority="Gill, 1872" authorityName="Gill" authorityYear="1872" box="[807,1088,1048,1072]" class="Mammalia" family="Chaeropodidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Peramelemorphia" pageId="211" pageNumber="211" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">
Chaeropodidae
<bibRefCitation id="EFD711BAF6E868FAD9DDFBB61E22FBF7" author="Gill, T." box="[982,1088,1048,1072]" pageId="211" pageNumber="211" pagination="1 - 98" refId="ref205030" refString="Gill, T. 1872. Arrangement of the families of mammals with analytical tables. Smithsonian Miscellaneous Collections 11 (1): 1 - 98." type="journal article" year="1872">Gill, 1872</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C35C3FC0F6E868FAD8C7FBF21E47FBB3" box="[716,1061,1116,1140]" pageId="211" pageNumber="211" type="synonymic_list">
<paragraph id="8BF96C4BF6E868FAD8C7FBF21E47FBB3" blockId="211.[684,1213,1116,1735]" box="[716,1061,1116,1140]" pageId="211" pageNumber="211">
CONTENTS:
<taxonomicName id="4C4617C8F6E868FAD944FBF219A3FBB3" authorityName="Ogilby" authorityYear="1838" box="[847,961,1116,1140]" class="Mammalia" family="Chaeropodidae" genus="Chaeropus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Peramelemorphia" pageId="211" pageNumber="211" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B932B059F6E868FAD944FBF219A3FBB3" box="[847,961,1116,1140]" italics="true" pageId="211" pageNumber="211">Chaeropus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(fig. 37).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C35C3FC0F6E868FAD8C7FBD31E63F900" pageId="211" pageNumber="211" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BF96C4BF6E868FAD8C7FBD3188EFB71" blockId="211.[684,1213,1116,1735]" pageId="211" pageNumber="211">STEM AGE: 20.0 Mya (95% HPD: 15.324.5 Mya).</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BF96C4BF6E868FAD8C7FB1119F9FB10" blockId="211.[684,1213,1116,1735]" box="[716,923,1215,1239]" pageId="211" pageNumber="211">CROWN AGE: N/A.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BF96C4BF6E868FAD8C7FB4E1E63F900" blockId="211.[684,1213,1116,1735]" pageId="211" pageNumber="211">UNAMBIGUOUS CRANIODENTAL AUTAPOMORPHIES: Accessory palatal fenestrae present (char. 35: 0→1; ci = 0.250); auditory bulla large, contacting rostral tympanic process of petrosal (char. 55: 1→2; ci = 0.300); upper canine with distinct anterior cusp only (char. 112: 0→3; ci = 0.375); paracone and metacone subequal (char. 137: 2→1; ci = 0.400); M1 preparacrista present (char. 138: 1→0; ci = 0.333); second lower premolar (p2) distinctly taller than p3 (char. 156: 1→0; ci = 0.118); cristid obliqua on m1 contacts metaconid (char. 169: 1→0; ci = 0.250); and anterior terminus of cristid obliqua of m24 bypasses metacristid to terminate at entoconid or entocristid (char. 170: 0→1; ci = 0.500).</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<footnote id="E85D7045F6E868FADA87F92B1BC7F90E" pageId="211" pageNumber="211">
<paragraph id="8BF96C4BF6E868FADA87F92B1BC7F90E" blockId="211.[108,636,1669,1737]" pageId="211" pageNumber="211">
<superScript id="7C33C103F6E868FADA87F92B1AF8F956" attach="right" box="[140,154,1669,1681]" fontSize="5" pageId="211" pageNumber="211">31</superScript>
Note that, contra here,
<bibRefCitation id="EFD711BAF6E868FADB66F928185DF95E" author="Travouillon" box="[365,575,1670,1689]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Travouillon" pageId="211" pageNumber="211" pagination="109 - 125" refId="ref231075" refString="Travouillon, K. J., R. M. D. Beck, and J. A. Case. 2021. Upper Oligocene - lower-Middle Miocene peramelemorphians from the Etadunna, Namba and Wipajiri formations of South Australia. Alcheringa: an Australasian Journal of Palaeontology 45 (1): 109 - 125." type="journal article" year="2021">Travouillon et al. (2021)</bibRefCitation>
recognized
<taxonomicName id="4C4617C8F6E868FADAAAF9301B6FF976" box="[161,269,1694,1713]" family="Peroryctidae" pageId="211" pageNumber="211" rank="family">Peroryctidae</taxonomicName>
as a family distinct from
<taxonomicName id="4C4617C8F6E868FADBE7F9301837F976" authorityName="Gray" authorityYear="1825" box="[492,597,1694,1713]" class="Mammalia" family="Peramelidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Peramelemorphia" pageId="211" pageNumber="211" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Peramelidae</taxonomicName>
(see also
<bibRefCitation id="EFD711BAF6E868FADA9EF9181BF9F90E" author="Travouillon and Phillips" box="[149,411,1718,1737]" firstAuthor="Travouillon" pageId="211" pageNumber="211" pagination="224 - 256" refId="ref230320" refString="Travouillon, K. J., and M. J. Phillips. 2018. Total evidence analysis of the phylogenetic relationships of bandicoots and bilbies (Marsupialia: Peramelemorphia): reassessment of two species and description of a new species. Zootaxa 4378 (2): 224 - 256." type="journal article" year="2018">Travouillon and Phillips, 2018</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</footnote>
<caption id="DF393CC3F6EF68FDDA60F98F1B93F90D" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6971443" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6971443" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6971443/files/figure.png" pageId="212" pageNumber="212" startId="212.[107,149,1569,1590]" targetBox="[167,1153,225,1538]" targetPageId="212">
<paragraph id="8BF96C4BF6EF68FDDA60F98F1B93F90D" blockId="212.[107,1212,1567,1738]" pageId="212" pageNumber="212">
FIG. 37.
<taxonomicName id="4C4617C8F6EF68FDDAC3F9B11B51F9F0" authorityName="Ogilby" authorityYear="1838" box="[200,307,1567,1591]" class="Mammalia" family="Chaeropodidae" genus="Chaeropus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Peramelemorphia" pageId="212" pageNumber="212" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B932B059F6EF68FDDAC3F9B11B51F9F0" box="[200,307,1567,1591]" italics="true" pageId="212" pageNumber="212">Chaeropus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<taxonomicName id="4C4617C8F6EF68FDDB49F9B11B9EF9F0" authorityName="Ameghino" authorityYear="1889" box="[322,508,1567,1591]" class="Mammalia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Peramelemorphia" pageId="212" pageNumber="212" phylum="Chordata" rank="order">Peramelemorphia</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C4617C8F6EF68FDD802F9B118CAF9F0" authorityName="Gill" authorityYear="1872" box="[521,680,1567,1591]" class="Mammalia" family="Chaeropodidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Peramelemorphia" pageId="212" pageNumber="212" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Chaeropodidae</taxonomicName>
; based primarily on BMNH 1848.1.27.41, an adult female
<taxonomicName id="4C4617C8F6EF68FDDABCF9931B5BF993" baseAuthorityName="Ogilby" baseAuthorityYear="1838" box="[183,313,1596,1620]" class="Mammalia" family="Chaeropodidae" genus="Chaeropus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Peramelemorphia" pageId="212" pageNumber="212" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ecaudatus">
<emphasis id="B932B059F6EF68FDDABCF9931B5BF993" box="[183,313,1596,1620]" italics="true" pageId="212" pageNumber="212">C. ecaudatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from New South Wales, but with the morphology of the ear region based on BMNH 1847.8.14.13, an adult
<taxonomicName id="4C4617C8F6EF68FDDB5DF9F41BB5F9B5" baseAuthorityName="Ogilby" baseAuthorityYear="1838" box="[342,471,1626,1650]" class="Mammalia" family="Chaeropodidae" genus="Chaeropus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Peramelemorphia" pageId="212" pageNumber="212" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ecaudatus">
<emphasis id="B932B059F6EF68FDDB5DF9F41BB5F9B5" box="[342,471,1626,1650]" italics="true" pageId="212" pageNumber="212">C. ecaudatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
of unknown sex from New South Wales, and the lower dentition based on BMNH 1854.10.24.19, a juvenile
<taxonomicName id="4C4617C8F6EF68FDDBEEF9D9185DF948" authorityName="Travouillon, Simoes, Porterla Miguez, Brace, Brewer, Stemmer, Price, Cramb &amp; Louys" authorityYear="2019" box="[485,575,1655,1679]" class="Mammalia" family="Chaeropodidae" genus="Chaeropus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Peramelemorphia" pageId="212" pageNumber="212" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="yiratji">
<emphasis id="B932B059F6EF68FDDBEEF9D9185DF948" box="[485,575,1655,1679]" italics="true" pageId="212" pageNumber="212">C. yiratji</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from northern Australia). Note that the free-standing ventral processes of both pterygoid bones (normally visible in lateral view) had broken away in all the specimens we examined and are not illustrated here.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<subSubSection id="C35C3FC0F6EE68FCDA87FF4C1E25FE07" pageId="213" pageNumber="213" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="8BF96C4BF6EE68FCDA87FF4C1B31FC16" blockId="213.[108,638,226,1738]" pageId="213" pageNumber="213">
COMMENTS:
<taxonomicName id="4C4617C8F6EE68FCDB11FF4C1BEEFF3D" authorityName="Ogilby" authorityYear="1838" box="[282,396,226,250]" class="Mammalia" family="Chaeropodidae" genus="Chaeropus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Peramelemorphia" pageId="213" pageNumber="213" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B932B059F6EE68FCDB11FF4C1BEEFF3D" box="[282,396,226,250]" italics="true" pageId="213" pageNumber="213">Chaeropus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, the sole known representative of the family
<taxonomicName id="4C4617C8F6EE68FCDBADFEAD1834FEDC" authorityName="Gill" authorityYear="1872" box="[422,598,259,283]" class="Mammalia" family="Chaeropodidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Peramelemorphia" pageId="213" pageNumber="213" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Chaeropodidae</taxonomicName>
, is recovered in our molecular (figs. 2729) and total-evidence (figs. 32,
<figureCitation id="137D70CEF6EE68FCDB7DFEEB1BF0FE9A" box="[374,402,325,349]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="181.[108,150,938,959]" captionTargetId="figure-12@181.[241,1216,224,1485]" captionTargetPageId="181" captionText="FIG. 33. (opposite page and at right) Fifty-per- cent majority rule consensus of post-burn-in trees that results from dated Bayesian analysis (using combined tip-and-node dating and separate Independent Gamma Rates [IGR] clock models for the molecular and morpho- logical partitions) of our total evidence data- set. Black dots at nodes indicate ≥0.95 Bayesian posterior probability (“strong support”); dark gray dots indicate 0.750.94 Bayesian poste- rior probability (“moderate support”); light gray dots indicate 0.500.74 Bayesian poste- rior probability (“weak support”). Nodes with- out dots were constrained a priori so that their ages could be calibrated (see tables 6, 13). Orange bars represent 95% Highest Posterior Density (HPD) intervals on the ages of nodes. For clarity, 95% HPD intervals are not shown for the ages of fossil terminals." pageId="213" pageNumber="213">33</figureCitation>
) analyses as sister to the remaining perameloids (crown-clade peramelemorphians) as also found in several other recent molecular and total-evidence analyses (
<bibRefCitation id="EFD711BAF6EE68FCDA78FE671B1BFE26" author="Westerman" box="[115,377,457,481]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Westerman" pageId="213" pageNumber="213" pagination="97 - 108" refId="ref233182" refString="Westerman, M., et al. 2012. Phylogenetic relationships of living and recently extinct bandicoots based on nuclear and mitochondrial DNA sequences. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 62 (1): 97 - 108." type="journal article" year="2012">Westerman et al., 2012</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="EFD711BAF6EE68FCDB8DFE641822FE26" author="Kear, B. P. &amp; K. P. Aplin &amp; M. Westerman" box="[390,576,457,481]" pageId="213" pageNumber="213" pagination="37537" refId="ref210965" refString="Kear, B. P., K. P. Aplin, and M. Westerman. 2016. Bandicoot fossils and DNA elucidate lineage antiquity amongst xeric-adapted Australasian marsupials. Scientific Reports 6: 37537." type="journal article" year="2016">Kear et al., 2016</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="EFD711BAF6EE68FCD846FE641BF1FDC5" author="Travouillon and Phillips" firstAuthor="Travouillon" pageId="213" pageNumber="213" pagination="224 - 256" refId="ref230320" refString="Travouillon, K. J., and M. J. Phillips. 2018. Total evidence analysis of the phylogenetic relationships of bandicoots and bilbies (Marsupialia: Peramelemorphia): reassessment of two species and description of a new species. Zootaxa 4378 (2): 224 - 256." type="journal article" year="2018">Travouillon and Phillips, 2018</bibRefCitation>
). However, as already noted (see Perameloidea above), the dated totalevidence analysis of
<bibRefCitation id="EFD711BAF6EE68FCDB69FD821ACCFDA2" author="Travouillon and Phillips" firstAuthor="Travouillon" pageId="213" pageNumber="213" pagination="224 - 256" refId="ref230320" refString="Travouillon, K. J., and M. J. Phillips. 2018. Total evidence analysis of the phylogenetic relationships of bandicoots and bilbies (Marsupialia: Peramelemorphia): reassessment of two species and description of a new species. Zootaxa 4378 (2): 224 - 256." type="journal article" year="2018">Travouillon and Phillips (2018</bibRefCitation>
: figs. 1E, 2) placed
<taxonomicName id="4C4617C8F6EE68FCDB95FDE31870FDA2" authorityName="Ogilby" authorityYear="1838" box="[414,530,589,613]" class="Mammalia" family="Chaeropodidae" genus="Chaeropus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Peramelemorphia" pageId="213" pageNumber="213" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B932B059F6EE68FCDB95FDE31870FDA2" box="[414,530,589,613]" italics="true" pageId="213" pageNumber="213">Chaeropus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sister to
<taxonomicName id="4C4617C8F6EE68FCDA67FDC11AA9FD41" authorityName="Reid" authorityYear="1837" box="[108,203,623,646]" class="Mammalia" family="Thylacomyidae" genus="Macrotis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Peramelemorphia" pageId="213" pageNumber="213" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B932B059F6EE68FCDA67FDC11AA9FD41" box="[108,203,623,646]" italics="true" pageId="213" pageNumber="213">Macrotis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, the dated total-evidence analyses of
<bibRefCitation id="EFD711BAF6EE68FCDA67FD211B17FD6F" author="Travouillon" box="[108,373,655,680]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Travouillon" pageId="213" pageNumber="213" pagination="109 - 125" refId="ref231075" refString="Travouillon, K. J., R. M. D. Beck, and J. A. Case. 2021. Upper Oligocene - lower-Middle Miocene peramelemorphians from the Etadunna, Namba and Wipajiri formations of South Australia. Alcheringa: an Australasian Journal of Palaeontology 45 (1): 109 - 125." type="journal article" year="2021">Travouillon et al. (2021)</bibRefCitation>
placed
<taxonomicName id="4C4617C8F6EE68FCDBC0FD21185FFD60" authorityName="Ogilby" authorityYear="1838" box="[459,573,655,679]" class="Mammalia" family="Chaeropodidae" genus="Chaeropus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Peramelemorphia" pageId="213" pageNumber="213" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B932B059F6EE68FCDBC0FD21185FFD60" box="[459,573,655,679]" italics="true" pageId="213" pageNumber="213">Chaeropus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sister to
<taxonomicName id="4C4617C8F6EE68FCDA87FD1E1B76FD0F" authorityName="Gray" authorityYear="1825" box="[140,276,688,712]" class="Mammalia" family="Peramelidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Peramelemorphia" pageId="213" pageNumber="213" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Peramelidae</taxonomicName>
, and the molecular phylogenetic analyses of
<bibRefCitation id="EFD711BAF6EE68FCDAECFD7C1B88FD2D" author="Travouillon" box="[231,490,722,746]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Travouillon" pageId="213" pageNumber="213" pagination="1 - 56" refId="ref232735" refString="Warburton, N. M., K. J. Travouillon, and A. B. Camens. 2019. Skeletal atlas of the thylacine (Thylacinus cynocephalus). Palaeontologia Electronica 22.2.29 A: 1 - 56." type="book chapter" year="2019">Travouillon et al. (2019)</bibRefCitation>
placed
<taxonomicName id="4C4617C8F6EE68FCD837FD7C1AC5FCCD" authorityName="Ogilby" authorityYear="1838" class="Mammalia" family="Chaeropodidae" genus="Chaeropus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Peramelemorphia" pageId="213" pageNumber="213" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B932B059F6EE68FCD837FD7C1AC5FCCD" italics="true" pageId="213" pageNumber="213">Chaeropus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
as either sister to
<taxonomicName id="4C4617C8F6EE68FCDB74FD5D1BB6FCCC" authorityName="Desmarest" authorityYear="1817" box="[383,468,755,779]" class="Mammalia" family="Peramelidae" genus="Isoodon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Peramelemorphia" pageId="213" pageNumber="213" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B932B059F6EE68FCDB74FD5D1BB6FCCC" box="[383,468,755,779]" italics="true" pageId="213" pageNumber="213">Isoodon</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
+
<taxonomicName id="4C4617C8F6EE68FCDBFCFD5D1800FCCC" authorityName="E. Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire" authorityYear="1804" box="[503,610,755,779]" class="Mammalia" family="Peramelidae" genus="Perameles" kingdom="Animalia" order="Peramelemorphia" pageId="213" pageNumber="213" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B932B059F6EE68FCDBFCFD5D1800FCCC" box="[503,610,755,779]" italics="true" pageId="213" pageNumber="213">Perameles</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
+
<taxonomicName id="4C4617C8F6EE68FCDA67FCBA1ABBFCEC" box="[108,217,788,811]" class="Mammalia" family="Peramelidae" genus="Peroryctes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Peramelemorphia" pageId="213" pageNumber="213" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B932B059F6EE68FCDA67FCBA1ABBFCEC" box="[108,217,788,811]" italics="true" pageId="213" pageNumber="213">Peroryctes</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(in an undated maximum likelihood analysis;
<bibRefCitation id="EFD711BAF6EE68FCDAC5FC9B1BABFC8A" author="Travouillon" box="[206,457,821,845]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Travouillon" pageId="213" pageNumber="213" pagination="1 - 56" refId="ref232735" refString="Warburton, N. M., K. J. Travouillon, and A. B. Camens. 2019. Skeletal atlas of the thylacine (Thylacinus cynocephalus). Palaeontologia Electronica 22.2.29 A: 1 - 56." type="book chapter" year="2019">Travouillon et al., 2019</bibRefCitation>
: fig. 15) or sister to
<taxonomicName id="4C4617C8F6EE68FCDA82FCF81ABFFCA9" authorityName="Desmarest" authorityYear="1817" box="[137,221,854,878]" class="Mammalia" family="Peramelidae" genus="Isoodon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Peramelemorphia" pageId="213" pageNumber="213" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B932B059F6EE68FCDA82FCF81ABFFCA9" box="[137,221,854,878]" italics="true" pageId="213" pageNumber="213">Isoodon</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(in an Bayesian node-dating analysis;
<bibRefCitation id="EFD711BAF6EE68FCDA66FCD91B0CFC48" author="Travouillon" box="[109,366,887,911]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Travouillon" pageId="213" pageNumber="213" pagination="1 - 56" refId="ref232735" refString="Warburton, N. M., K. J. Travouillon, and A. B. Camens. 2019. Skeletal atlas of the thylacine (Thylacinus cynocephalus). Palaeontologia Electronica 22.2.29 A: 1 - 56." type="book chapter" year="2019">Travouillon et al., 2019</bibRefCitation>
: fig. 16). The underlying cause(s) of these topological differences warrants further investigation.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BF96C4BF6EE68FCDA86FC751877FA06" blockId="213.[108,638,226,1738]" pageId="213" pageNumber="213">
Most of the unambiguous cranidodental autapomorphies of
<taxonomicName id="4C4617C8F6EE68FCDB11FC551BA3FBD4" authorityName="Gill" authorityYear="1872" box="[282,449,1019,1043]" class="Mammalia" family="Chaeropodidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Peramelemorphia" pageId="213" pageNumber="213" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Chaeropodidae</taxonomicName>
listed above are homoplastic within
<taxonomicName id="4C4617C8F6EE68FCDB43FBB21869FBF3" authorityName="Ameghino" authorityYear="1889" box="[328,523,1052,1076]" class="Mammalia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Peramelemorphia" pageId="213" pageNumber="213" phylum="Chordata" rank="order">Peramelemorphia</taxonomicName>
. However, the paracone and metacone of the upper molars are subequal in height in
<taxonomicName id="4C4617C8F6EE68FCDB8DFBF01B94FBB1" authorityName="Ogilby" authorityYear="1838" box="[390,502,1118,1142]" class="Mammalia" family="Chaeropodidae" genus="Chaeropus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Peramelemorphia" pageId="213" pageNumber="213" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B932B059F6EE68FCDB8DFBF01B94FBB1" box="[390,502,1118,1142]" italics="true" pageId="213" pageNumber="213">Chaeropus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(see
<bibRefCitation id="EFD711BAF6EE68FCD83AFBF01A8BFB5F" author="Wright" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Wright" pageId="213" pageNumber="213" pagination="229 - 245" refId="ref236133" refString="Wright, W., G. D. Sanson, and C. McArthur. 1991. The diet of the extinct bandicoot Chaeropus ecaudatus. In P. Vickers-Rich, J. M. Monaghan, R. F. Baird, and T. H. Rich (editors), Vertebrate palaeontology of Australasia: 229 - 245. Lilydale, Victoria: Pioneer Design Studio." type="book chapter" year="1991">Wright et al., 1991</bibRefCitation>
: plate 1A), whereas the metacone is distinctly taller in all other known peramelemorphians. The morphology of the m24 cristid obliqua is also unusual in
<taxonomicName id="4C4617C8F6EE68FCDB80FB4D1B9CFB3C" authorityName="Ogilby" authorityYear="1838" box="[395,510,1251,1275]" class="Mammalia" family="Chaeropodidae" genus="Chaeropus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Peramelemorphia" pageId="213" pageNumber="213" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B932B059F6EE68FCDB80FB4D1B9CFB3C" box="[395,510,1251,1275]" italics="true" pageId="213" pageNumber="213">Chaeropus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in that it terminates at the entocristid rather than the metacristid (a morphology also seen in some
<taxonomicName id="4C4617C8F6EE68FCD827FA8B181CFAFA" authorityName="Desmarest" authorityYear="1817" box="[556,638,1317,1341]" class="Mammalia" family="Peramelidae" genus="Isoodon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Peramelemorphia" pageId="213" pageNumber="213" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B932B059F6EE68FCD827FA8B181CFAFA" box="[556,638,1317,1341]" italics="true" pageId="213" pageNumber="213">Isoodon</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
specimens). These two dental features may be connected with the predominantly grazing diet of
<taxonomicName id="4C4617C8F6EE68FCDA67FA261ABEFA67" authorityName="Ogilby" authorityYear="1838" box="[108,220,1416,1440]" class="Mammalia" family="Chaeropodidae" genus="Chaeropus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Peramelemorphia" pageId="213" pageNumber="213" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B932B059F6EE68FCDA67FA261ABEFA67" box="[108,220,1416,1440]" italics="true" pageId="213" pageNumber="213">Chaeropus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by facilitating greater transverse shear (
<bibRefCitation id="EFD711BAF6EE68FCDA7EFA071B5CFA06" author="Wright" box="[117,318,1449,1473]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Wright" pageId="213" pageNumber="213" pagination="229 - 245" refId="ref236133" refString="Wright, W., G. D. Sanson, and C. McArthur. 1991. The diet of the extinct bandicoot Chaeropus ecaudatus. In P. Vickers-Rich, J. M. Monaghan, R. F. Baird, and T. H. Rich (editors), Vertebrate palaeontology of Australasia: 229 - 245. Lilydale, Victoria: Pioneer Design Studio." type="book chapter" year="1991">Wright et al., 1991</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="EFD711BAF6EE68FCDB42FA071868FA06" author="Travouillon, K. J." box="[329,522,1449,1473]" pageId="213" pageNumber="213" pagination="160089" refId="ref230288" refString="Travouillon, K. J. 2016. Oldest fossil remains of the enigmatic pig-footed bandicoot show rapid herbivorous evolution. Royal Society Open Science 3 (8): 160089." type="journal article" year="2016">Travouillon, 2016</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BF96C4BF6EE68FCDA86FA641E25FE07" blockId="213.[108,638,226,1738]" lastBlockId="213.[684,1212,226,448]" pageId="213" pageNumber="213">
Besides the two Recent species—
<taxonomicName id="4C4617C8F6EE68FCD802FA641AB5F9C4" baseAuthorityName="Ogilby" baseAuthorityYear="1838" class="Mammalia" family="Chaeropodidae" genus="Chaeropus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Peramelemorphia" pageId="213" pageNumber="213" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ecadautus">
<emphasis id="B932B059F6EE68FCD802FA641AB5F9C4" italics="true" pageId="213" pageNumber="213">Chaeropus ecadautus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and the recently described
<taxonomicName id="4C4617C8F6EE68FCD81AFA42181EF9C4" authorityName="Travouillon, Simoes, Porterla Miguez, Brace, Brewer, Stemmer, Price, Cramb &amp; Louys" authorityYear="2019" box="[529,636,1516,1539]" class="Mammalia" family="Chaeropodidae" genus="Chaeropus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Peramelemorphia" pageId="213" pageNumber="213" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="yirratji">
<emphasis id="B932B059F6EE68FCD81AFA42181EF9C4" box="[529,636,1516,1539]" italics="true" pageId="213" pageNumber="213">C. yirratji</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(see
<bibRefCitation id="EFD711BAF6EE68FCDAA8F9A21BCDF9E3" author="Travouillon" box="[163,431,1548,1572]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Travouillon" pageId="213" pageNumber="213" pagination="1 - 56" refId="ref232735" refString="Warburton, N. M., K. J. Travouillon, and A. B. Camens. 2019. Skeletal atlas of the thylacine (Thylacinus cynocephalus). Palaeontologia Electronica 22.2.29 A: 1 - 56." type="book chapter" year="2019">Travouillon et al., 2019</bibRefCitation>
)—only one other chaeropodid is currently known:
<taxonomicName id="4C4617C8F6EE68FCD80DF983181EF982" authorityName="Ogilby" authorityYear="1838" box="[518,636,1581,1605]" class="Mammalia" family="Chaeropodidae" genus="Chaeropus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Peramelemorphia" pageId="213" pageNumber="213" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B932B059F6EE68FCD80DF983181EF982" box="[518,636,1581,1605]" italics="true" pageId="213" pageNumber="213">Chaeropus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B932B059F6EE68FCDA71F9E01AAEF9A1" box="[122,204,1614,1638]" italics="true" pageId="213" pageNumber="213">baynesi</emphasis>
from the latest Pliocene or earliest Pleistocene (2.472.92 Mya) Fishermans Cliff Local Fauna in
<collectingRegion id="4982A2A9F6EE68FCDB16F93F1B86F96F" box="[285,484,1680,1704]" country="Australia" name="New South Wales" pageId="213" pageNumber="213">New South Wales</collectingRegion>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFD711BAF6EE68FCDBFFF93E1AC1F90D" author="Travouillon, K. J." pageId="213" pageNumber="213" pagination="160089" refId="ref230288" refString="Travouillon, K. J. 2016. Oldest fossil remains of the enigmatic pig-footed bandicoot show rapid herbivorous evolution. Royal Society Open Science 3 (8): 160089." type="journal article" year="2016">Travouillon, 2016</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="EFD711BAF6EE68FCDAA5F91C1BD3F90D" author="Travouillon" box="[174,433,1714,1738]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Travouillon" pageId="213" pageNumber="213" pagination="1360894" refId="ref230979" refString="Travouillon, K. J., et al. 2017. A review of the Pliocene bandicoots of Australia, and descriptions of new genus and species. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology: e 1360894." type="book chapter" year="2017">Travouillon et al., 2017</bibRefCitation>
). Thus,
<taxonomicName id="4C4617C8F6EE68FCD80CF91C188BFF3D" authorityName="Gill" authorityYear="1872" box="[519,745,226,1738]" class="Mammalia" family="Chaeropodidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Peramelemorphia" pageId="213" pageNumber="213" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Chaeropodidae</taxonomicName>
is currently characterized by a lengthy ghost lineage; based on the divergence dates estimated here and in other recent studies (
<bibRefCitation id="EFD711BAF6EE68FCDE6DFE8A1907FE9A" author="Westerman" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Westerman" pageId="213" pageNumber="213" pagination="97 - 108" refId="ref233182" refString="Westerman, M., et al. 2012. Phylogenetic relationships of living and recently extinct bandicoots based on nuclear and mitochondrial DNA sequences. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 62 (1): 97 - 108." type="journal article" year="2012">Westerman et al., 2012</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="EFD711BAF6EE68FCD978FEEB1E4DFE9A" author="Kear, B. P. &amp; K. P. Aplin &amp; M. Westerman" box="[883,1071,325,349]" pageId="213" pageNumber="213" pagination="37537" refId="ref210965" refString="Kear, B. P., K. P. Aplin, and M. Westerman. 2016. Bandicoot fossils and DNA elucidate lineage antiquity amongst xeric-adapted Australasian marsupials. Scientific Reports 6: 37537." type="journal article" year="2016">Kear et al., 2016</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="EFD711BAF6EE68FCDE37FEEB1919FEB9" author="Travouillon and Phillips" firstAuthor="Travouillon" pageId="213" pageNumber="213" pagination="224 - 256" refId="ref230320" refString="Travouillon, K. J., and M. J. Phillips. 2018. Total evidence analysis of the phylogenetic relationships of bandicoots and bilbies (Marsupialia: Peramelemorphia): reassessment of two species and description of a new species. Zootaxa 4378 (2): 224 - 256." type="journal article" year="2018">Travouillon and Phillips, 2018</bibRefCitation>
), fossil chaeropodids should be expected in fossil Australian deposits from the early-to-middle Miocene onward.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>