255 lines
37 KiB
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255 lines
37 KiB
XML
<document id="F39A8F57DAEFD55A40AEFCF80787B997" ID-DOI="10.1206/0003-0090.457.1.1" ID-ISSN="0003-0090" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6971356" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="felipe" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1659882917898" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Beck, Robin M. D., Voss, Robert S. & Jansa, Sharon A." docDate="2022" docId="03EFDD5DF6CD68D1D919FB5D1EEDFD0F" docLanguage="en" docName="BulAmeMusNatHist.2022.457.1-350.pdf" docOrigin="Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 2022 (457)" docSource="https://bioone.org/journals/bulletin-of-the-american-museum-of-natural-history/volume-457/issue-1/0003-0090.457.1.1/Craniodental-Morphology-and-Phylogeny-of-Marsupials/10.1206/0003-0090.457.1.1.full" docStyle="DocumentStyle:915933466F796C9C739DF4DB6B8DCFA6.9:BulAmeMusNatHis.2011-.journal_article.1cover.type1" docStyleId="915933466F796C9C739DF4DB6B8DCFA6" docStyleName="BulAmeMusNatHis.2011-.journal_article.1cover.type1" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Pseudocheiridae Winge 1893" docType="treatment" docVersion="13" lastPageNumber="248" masterDocId="FFD6A525F63B6829DA0BFFAE1A62FFC7" masterDocTitle="Craniodental Morphology And Phylogeny Of Marsupials" masterLastPageNumber="353" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="246" updateTime="1699350301078" updateUser="plazi" zenodo-license-document="CC-BY-4.0">
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<mods:title id="9288FBDCE1E9F91FDEA2017E4F2B9572">Craniodental Morphology And Phylogeny Of Marsupials</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="E66D07E0C79D51345809769553739025">Beck, Robin M. D.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="7B69EDF305ECA6434E421DE8C7331C4E">School of Science, Engineering and Environment University of Salford, U. K. & School of Biological, Earth & Environmental Sciences University of New South Wales, Australia & Division of Vertebrate Zoology (Mammalogy) American Museum of Natural History</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="4B8C4A42BBF7FA4267C35AD71A9D54DD">Voss, Robert S.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="3205DE34AF79BCC72189A9866AFE6C1D">Division of Vertebrate Zoology (Mammalogy) American Museum of Natural History</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="DFD400080AD0D4068AF6A714F81CC13C">Jansa, Sharon A.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="1255A4B3708839FF74C8847CE7CEAFCC">Bell Museum and Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Behavior University of Minnesota</mods:affiliation>
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<subSubSection id="C35C3FC0F6CD68DFD919FB5D1E34FACC" box="[786,1110,1267,1291]" pageId="246" pageNumber="246" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8BF96C4BF6CD68DFD919FB5D1E34FACC" blockId="246.[786,1110,1267,1291]" box="[786,1110,1267,1291]" pageId="246" pageNumber="246">
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<heading id="D0B1DB27F6CD68DFD919FB5D1E34FACC" box="[786,1110,1267,1291]" centered="true" fontSize="9" level="2" pageId="246" pageNumber="246" reason="2">
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<taxonomicName id="4C4617C8F6CD68DFD919FB5D1E34FACC" ID-CoL="F85" authority="Winge, 1893" authorityName="Winge" authorityYear="1893" box="[786,1110,1267,1291]" class="Mammalia" family="Pseudocheiridae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diprotodontia" pageId="246" pageNumber="246" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">
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Pseudocheiridae
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<bibRefCitation id="EFD711BAF6CD68DFD9C6FB5D1E34FACC" author="Winge" box="[973,1110,1267,1291]" firstAuthor="Winge" pageId="246" pageNumber="246" pagination="1 - 133" refId="ref234723" refString="Winge, H. 1893. Jordfunde og nulevende Pungdyr (Marsupialia) fra Lagoa Santa, Monas Geraes, Brasilien. E Museo Lundii - En Samling af Afhandlinger 2 (2): 1 - 133." type="journal article" year="1893">Winge, 1893</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C35C3FC0F6CD68DFD8C7FA8B1931FAB9" pageId="246" pageNumber="246" type="synonymic_list">
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||
<paragraph id="8BF96C4BF6CD68DFD8C7FA8B1931FAB9" blockId="246.[684,1212,1317,1738]" pageId="246" pageNumber="246">
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CONTENTS:
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<taxonomicName id="4C4617C8F6CD68DFD946FA8B19A5FAFA" authorityName="Thomas" authorityYear="1888" box="[845,967,1317,1341]" class="Mammalia" family="Pseudocheiridae" genus="Petauroides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diprotodontia" pageId="246" pageNumber="246" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B932B059F6CD68DFD946FA8B19A5FAFA" box="[845,967,1317,1341]" italics="true" pageId="246" pageNumber="246">Petauroides</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName id="4C4617C8F6CD68DFD9DFFA8B1E3EFAFA" authorityName="Thomas" authorityYear="1923" box="[980,1116,1317,1341]" class="Mammalia" family="Pseudocheiridae" genus="Petropseudes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diprotodontia" pageId="246" pageNumber="246" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B932B059F6CD68DFD9DFFA8B1E3EFAFA" box="[980,1116,1317,1341]" italics="true" pageId="246" pageNumber="246">Petropseudes</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName id="4C4617C8F6CD68DFDE63FA8B1962FA99" authorityName="Ogilby" authorityYear="1837" class="Mammalia" family="Pseudocheiridae" genus="Pseudocheirus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diprotodontia" pageId="246" pageNumber="246" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B932B059F6CD68DFDE63FA8B1962FA99" italics="true" pageId="246" pageNumber="246">Pseudocheirus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName id="4C4617C8F6CD68DFD923FAE819B2FA99" authorityName="Matschie" authorityYear="1915" box="[808,976,1350,1374]" class="Mammalia" family="Pseudocheiridae" genus="Pseudochirops" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diprotodontia" pageId="246" pageNumber="246" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B932B059F6CD68DFD923FAE819B2FA99" box="[808,976,1350,1374]" italics="true" pageId="246" pageNumber="246">Pseudochirops</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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(fig. 51), and
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<taxonomicName id="4C4617C8F6CD68DFD8A7FAC9192FFAB8" authorityName="Matschie" authorityYear="1915" box="[684,845,1383,1407]" class="Mammalia" family="Pseudocheiridae" genus="Pseudochirulus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diprotodontia" pageId="246" pageNumber="246" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B932B059F6CD68DFD8A7FAC9192FFAB8" box="[684,845,1383,1407]" italics="true" pageId="246" pageNumber="246">Pseudochirulus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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.
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</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="C35C3FC0F6CD68D1D8C7FA261851FDE4" lastPageId="248" lastPageNumber="248" pageId="246" pageNumber="246" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8BF96C4BF6CD68DFD8C7FA26188EFA06" blockId="246.[684,1212,1317,1738]" pageId="246" pageNumber="246">STEM AGE: 24.4 Mya (95% HPD: 23.6–26.1 Mya).</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BF96C4BF6CD68DFD8C7FA64188FF9C4" blockId="246.[684,1212,1317,1738]" pageId="246" pageNumber="246">CROWN AGE: 15.8 Mya (95% HPD: 11.7–18.5 Mya).</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BF96C4BF6CD68D1D8C7F9A21851FDE4" blockId="246.[684,1212,1317,1738]" lastBlockId="248.[108,638,225,1738]" lastPageId="248" lastPageNumber="248" pageId="246" pageNumber="246">UNAMBIGUOUS CRANIODENTAL SYNAPOMORPHIES: Paroccipital process a large erect process usually directed ventrally (char. 93: 1→2; ci = 0.100); mandible usually with two or more mental foramina (char. 98: 0→1; ci = 0.063); P2 “pseudocheiriform” (char. 118: 0→1; ci = 0.444); P3 semisectorial (char. 123: 0→1; ci = 0.385); paracone not completely fused with any stylar elements (char. 136: 2→0; ci = 0.250); principal labial and lingual cusps of upper molars not connected by transverse lophs (char. 144: 1→0; ci = 0.200); additional cuspid labial to m1 present, forming a cusplike protostylid (char. 165: 0→1; ci = 0.286); entocristid well labial of the lingual margin (char. 177: 0→1; ci = 0.250); and hypoconulid present (char. 178: 1→0; ci = 0.333).</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<footnote id="E85D7045F6CD68DFDA87F92B1B39F90E" pageId="246" pageNumber="246">
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<paragraph id="8BF96C4BF6CD68DFDA87F92B1B39F90E" blockId="246.[108,636,1669,1737]" pageId="246" pageNumber="246">
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||
<superScript id="7C33C103F6CD68DFDA87F92B1AF8F956" attach="right" box="[140,154,1669,1681]" fontSize="5" pageId="246" pageNumber="246">36</superScript>
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See
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<bibRefCitation id="EFD711BAF6CD68DFDACDF9281B1DF95E" author="Heritage, S." box="[198,383,1670,1689]" pageId="246" pageNumber="246" pagination="2320" refId="ref208579" refString="Heritage, S., et al. 2016. Ancient phylogenetic divergence of the enigmatic African rodent Zenkerella and the origin of anomalurid gliding. PeerJ 4: e 2320." type="journal article" year="2016">Heritage et al. (2016)</bibRefCitation>
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||
and
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<bibRefCitation id="EFD711BAF6CD68DFDBA6F928182EF95E" author="Fabre, P. - H." box="[429,588,1670,1689]" pageId="246" pageNumber="246" pagination="404 - 417" refId="ref201479" refString="Fabre, P. - H., et al. 2018. Flightless scaly-tailed squirrels never learned how to fly: a reappraisal of Anomaluridae phylogeny. Zoologica Scripta 47 (4): 404 - 417." type="journal article" year="2018">Fabre et al. (2018)</bibRefCitation>
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for a similar controversy regarding the evolution of gliding adaptations in anomalure rodents.
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</paragraph>
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</footnote>
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<caption id="DF393CC3F6CC68DEDA67F9DF1856F963" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6971473" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6971473" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6971473/files/figure.png" pageId="247" pageNumber="247" startId="247.[108,149,1649,1670]" targetBox="[116,1204,227,1611]" targetPageId="247">
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<paragraph id="8BF96C4BF6CC68DEDA67F9DF1856F963" blockId="247.[108,1212,1647,1700]" pageId="247" pageNumber="247">
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FIG. 51.
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<taxonomicName id="4C4617C8F6CC68DEDAC9F9C11BFFF940" baseAuthorityName="Thomas" baseAuthorityYear="1897" box="[194,413,1647,1671]" class="Mammalia" family="Pseudocheiridae" genus="Pseudochirops" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diprotodontia" pageId="247" pageNumber="247" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="cupreus">
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<emphasis id="B932B059F6CC68DEDAC9F9C11BFFF940" box="[194,413,1647,1671]" italics="true" pageId="247" pageNumber="247">Pseudochirops cupreus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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(
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<taxonomicName id="4C4617C8F6CC68DEDBA2F9C1185FF940" authorityName="Owen" authorityYear="1866" box="[425,573,1647,1671]" class="Mammalia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diprotodontia" pageId="247" pageNumber="247" phylum="Chordata" rank="order">Diprotodontia</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName id="4C4617C8F6CC68DED84CF9C1188CF940" authorityName="Winge" authorityYear="1893" box="[583,750,1647,1671]" class="Mammalia" family="Pseudocheiridae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diprotodontia" pageId="247" pageNumber="247" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Pseudocheiridae</taxonomicName>
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; based on AMNH 104149, an adult male from an unknown locality in Papua New Guinea).
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<subSubSection id="C35C3FC0F6C368D1DA87FD821EEDFD0F" pageId="248" pageNumber="248" type="discussion">
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<paragraph id="8BF96C4BF6C368D1DA87FD821863F9C4" blockId="248.[108,638,225,1738]" pageId="248" pageNumber="248">
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COMMENTS: Monophyly of
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<taxonomicName id="4C4617C8F6C368D1DBB8FD821807FD83" authorityName="Winge" authorityYear="1893" box="[435,613,556,580]" class="Mammalia" family="Pseudocheiridae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diprotodontia" pageId="248" pageNumber="248" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Pseudocheiridae</taxonomicName>
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is strongly supported by our molecular (figs. 27–29), morphological (fig. 30, 31), and totalevidence (figs. 32,
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<figureCitation id="137D70CEF6C368D1DB33FD3E1B36FD6F" box="[312,340,656,680]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="181.[108,150,938,959]" captionTargetId="figure-12@181.[241,1216,224,1485]" captionTargetPageId="181" captionText="FIG. 33. (opposite page and at right) Fifty-per- cent majority rule consensus of post-burn-in trees that results from dated Bayesian analysis (using combined tip-and-node dating and separate Independent Gamma Rates [IGR] clock models for the molecular and morpho- logical partitions) of our total evidence data- set. Black dots at nodes indicate ≥0.95 Bayesian posterior probability (“strong support”); dark gray dots indicate 0.75–0.94 Bayesian poste- rior probability (“moderate support”); light gray dots indicate 0.50–0.74 Bayesian poste- rior probability (“weak support”). Nodes with- out dots were constrained a priori so that their ages could be calibrated (see tables 6, 13). Orange bars represent 95% Highest Posterior Density (HPD) intervals on the ages of nodes. For clarity, 95% HPD intervals are not shown for the ages of fossil terminals." pageId="248" pageNumber="248">33</figureCitation>
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) analyses, and this clade is associated with a correspondingly long list of unambiguous craniodental (but mostly dental) synapomorphies. This impressive character support is in stark contrast with the previously discussed lack of morphological support for
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<taxonomicName id="4C4617C8F6C368D1DA67FCF81A83FCA9" authorityName="Bonaparte" authorityYear="1832" box="[108,225,854,878]" class="Mammalia" family="Petauridae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diprotodontia" pageId="248" pageNumber="248" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Petauridae</taxonomicName>
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and with the unpublished results of Roberts’ (2008) analyses. Because the last incorporated numerous fossil pseudocheirids (some of which are known from relatively complete, but currently unpublished, cranial material), it seems likely that adding these and other key fossil petauroids (such as †
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<taxonomicName id="4C4617C8F6C368D1DB36FBB21BDCFBF3" baseAuthorityName="Brammall" baseAuthorityYear="1998" box="[317,446,1052,1076]" class="Mammalia" genus="Djaludjangi" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="248" pageNumber="248" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B932B059F6C368D1DB36FBB21BDCFBF3" box="[317,446,1052,1076]" italics="true" pageId="248" pageNumber="248">Djaludjangi</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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) to future totalevidence analyses will have a major impact on character polarity within
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<taxonomicName id="4C4617C8F6C368D1DB84FBF01870FBB1" authorityName="Bonaparte" authorityYear="1838" box="[399,530,1118,1142]" class="Mammalia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diprotodontia" pageId="248" pageNumber="242" phylum="Chordata" rank="superFamily" superFamily="Petauroidea">Petauroidea</taxonomicName>
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(see discussions in
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<bibRefCitation id="EFD711BAF6C368D1DAE4FBD11B19FB5F" author="Winge" box="[239,379,1151,1176]" firstAuthor="Winge" pageId="248" pageNumber="248" refId="ref234762" refString="Winge, H. 1941. The interrelationships of the mammalian genera. vol. 1. Monotremata, Marsupialia, Insectivora, Chiroptera, Edentata. (translated from the 1923 Danish original by E. Deichmann and G. M. Allen), Copenhagen: C. A. Reitzels Forlag." type="book" year="1941">Winge, 1941</bibRefCitation>
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||
;
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||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD711BAF6C368D1DB83FBD11846FB50" author="Archer, M." box="[392,548,1151,1175]" pageId="248" pageNumber="248" pagination="367 - 372" refId="ref189765" refString="Archer, M. 1976 e. Phascolarctid origins and the potential of the selenodont molar in the evolution of diprotodont marsupials. Memoirs of the Queensland Museum 17 (3): 367 - 372." type="journal article" year="1976">Archer, 1976e</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
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||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD711BAF6C368D1D83BFBD11A89FB7E" author="Archer, M. & R. H. Tedford & T. H. Rich" pageId="248" pageNumber="248" pagination="607 - 627" refId="ref190522" refString="Archer, M., R. H. Tedford, and T. H. Rich. 1987. The Pilkipildridae, a new family and four new species of? petauroid possums (Marsupialia: Phalangerida) from the Australian Miocene. In M. Archer (editor), Possums and opossums: studies in evolution: 607 - 627. Sydney: Surrey Beatty and Sons." type="book chapter" year="1987">Archer et al., 1987</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD711BAF6C368D1DAF2FB0E1BC0FB7E" author="Flannery, T. F." box="[249,418,1184,1209]" pageId="248" pageNumber="248" pagination="741 - 747" refId="ref201865" refString="Flannery, T. F. 1987. The relationships of the macropodoids (Marsupialia) and the polarity of some morphological features within the Phalangeriformes. In M. Archer (editor), Possums and opossums: studies in evolution: 741 - 747. Sydney: Surrey Beatty and Sons." type="book chapter" year="1987">Flannery, 1987</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD711BAF6C368D1DBBBFB0E1ACDFB1D" author="Woodburne" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Woodburne" pageId="248" pageNumber="248" pagination="581 - 602" refId="ref235323" refString="Woodburne, M. O., N. S. Pledge, and M. Archer. 1987 a. The Miralinidae, a new family and two new species of phalangeroid marsupials from Miocene strata of South Australia. In M. Archer (editor), Possums and opossums: studies in evolution: 581 - 602. Sydney: Surrey Beatty and Sons." type="book chapter" year="1987" yearSuffix="a">Woodburne et al., 1987a</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD711BAF6C368D1DAB6FB6C1B60FB1D" author="Woodburne" box="[189,258,1218,1242]" firstAuthor="Woodburne" pageId="248" pageNumber="248" pagination="639 - 679" refId="ref235391" refString="Woodburne, M. O., R. H. Tedford, and M. Archer. 1987 b. New Miocene ringtail possums (Marsupialia: Pseudocheiridae) from South Australia. In M. Archer (editor), Possums and opossums: studies in evolution: 639 - 679. Sydney: Surrey Beatty and Sons." type="book chapter" year="1987" yearSuffix="b">1987b</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD711BAF6C368D1DB1AFB6C181AFB1D" author="Springer and Woodburne" box="[273,632,1218,1242]" firstAuthor="Springer" pageId="248" pageNumber="248" pagination="210 - 221" refId="ref228239" refString="Springer, M. S., and M. O. Woodburne. 1989. The distribution of some basicranial characters within the Marsupialia and a phylogeny of the Phalangeriformes. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 9 (2): 210 - 221." type="journal article" year="1989">Springer and Woodburne, 1989</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD711BAF6C368D1DA67FB4D1B46FB3C" author="Brammall, J. R." box="[108,292,1251,1275]" pageId="248" pageNumber="248" pagination="31 - 50" refId="ref194959" refString="Brammall, J. R. 1998. A new petauroid possum from the Oligo-Miocene of Riversleigh, northwestern Queensland. Alcheringa: an Australasian Journal of Palaeontology 23: 31 - 50." type="journal article" year="1998">Brammall, 1998</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Within
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4617C8F6C368D1DB9DFB4D182DFB3C" authorityName="Winge" authorityYear="1893" box="[406,591,1251,1275]" class="Mammalia" family="Pseudocheiridae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diprotodontia" pageId="248" pageNumber="248" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Pseudocheiridae</taxonomicName>
|
||
, we find support for the same three subfamilies— Hemibelideinae (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4617C8F6C368D1DB22FA8B1BDBFAFA" authorityName="Collett" authorityYear="1884" box="[297,441,1317,1341]" class="Mammalia" family="Pseudocheiridae" genus="Hemibelideus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diprotodontia" pageId="248" pageNumber="248" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B932B059F6C368D1DB22FA8B1BDBFAFA" box="[297,441,1317,1341]" italics="true" pageId="248" pageNumber="248">Hemibelideus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4617C8F6C368D1DBF8FA8B180FFAFA" authorityName="Thomas" authorityYear="1888" box="[499,621,1317,1341]" class="Mammalia" family="Pseudocheiridae" genus="Petauroides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diprotodontia" pageId="248" pageNumber="248" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B932B059F6C368D1DBF8FA8B180FFAFA" box="[499,621,1317,1341]" italics="true" pageId="248" pageNumber="248">Petauroides</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
), Pseudocheirinae (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4617C8F6C368D1DB3AFAE81BAAFA99" authorityName="Ogilby" authorityYear="1837" box="[305,456,1350,1374]" class="Mammalia" family="Pseudocheiridae" genus="Pseudocheirus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diprotodontia" pageId="248" pageNumber="248" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B932B059F6C368D1DB3AFAE81BAAFA99" box="[305,456,1350,1374]" italics="true" pageId="248" pageNumber="248">Pseudocheirus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4617C8F6C368D1D80AFAE81AFAFAB8" authorityName="Matschie" authorityYear="1915" class="Mammalia" family="Pseudocheiridae" genus="Pseudochirulus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diprotodontia" pageId="248" pageNumber="248" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B932B059F6C368D1D80AFAE81AFAFAB8" italics="true" pageId="248" pageNumber="248">Pseudochirulus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
), and Pseudochiropsinae (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4617C8F6C368D1DBB3FAC9182FFAB8" authorityName="Matschie" authorityYear="1915" box="[440,589,1383,1407]" class="Mammalia" family="Pseudocheiridae" genus="Pseudochirops" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diprotodontia" pageId="248" pageNumber="248" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B932B059F6C368D1DBB3FAC9182FFAB8" box="[440,589,1383,1407]" italics="true" pageId="248" pageNumber="248">Pseudochirops</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4617C8F6C368D1DA67FA261A96FA67" authorityName="Thomas" authorityYear="1923" box="[108,244,1416,1440]" class="Mammalia" family="Pseudocheiridae" genus="Petropseudes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diprotodontia" pageId="248" pageNumber="248" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B932B059F6C368D1DA67FA261A96FA67" box="[108,244,1416,1440]" italics="true" pageId="248" pageNumber="248">Petropseudes</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
)—that have also been supported in recent molecular studies (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD711BAF6C368D1DB8CFA071818FA06" author="Meredith, R. W. & M. Westerman & M. S. Springer" box="[391,634,1449,1473]" pageId="248" pageNumber="248" pagination="554 - 571" refId="ref216642" refString="Meredith, R. W., M. Westerman, and M. S. Springer. 2009 a. A phylogeny of Diprotodontia (Marsupialia) based on sequences for five nuclear genes. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 51 (3): 554 - 571." type="journal article" year="2009">
|
||
Meredith et al., 2009
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD711BAF6C368D1D865FA071818FA06" author="Abello, M. A. & A. M. Candela" box="[622,634,1449,1473]" pageId="248" pageNumber="248" pagination="1515 - 1527" refId="ref187986" refString="Abello, M. A., and A. M. Candela. 2010. Postcranial skeleton of the Miocene marsupial Palaeothentes (Paucituberculata, Palaeothentidae): paleobiology and phylogeny. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 30 (5): 1515 - 1527." type="journal article" year="2010">a</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, 2010;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD711BAF6C368D1DAB9FA641BF4FA25" author="Mitchell, K. J." box="[178,406,1482,1506]" pageId="248" pageNumber="248" pagination="2322 - 2330" refId="ref217043" refString="Mitchell, K. J., et al. 2014. Molecular phylogeny, biogeography, and habitat preference evolution of marsupials. Molecular Biology and Evolution 31 (9): 2322 - 2330." type="journal article" year="2014">Mitchell et al., 2014</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD711BAF6C368D1DBAFFA641AC0F9C4" author="May-Collado, L. J. & C. W. Kilpatrick & I. Agnarsson" pageId="248" pageNumber="248" pagination="805" refId="ref216304" refString="May-Collado, L. J., C. W. Kilpatrick, and I. Agnarsson. 2015. Mammals from ' down under': a multi-gene species-level phylogeny of marsupial mammals (Mammalia, Metatheria). PeerJ 3: e 805." type="journal article" year="2015">May-Collado et al., 2015</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD711BAF6C368D1DAA5FA421B97F9C4" author="Alvarez-Carretero, S." box="[174,501,1515,1543]" pageId="248" pageNumber="248" pagination="263 - 267" refId="ref188636" refString="Alvarez-Carretero, S., et al. 2021. A species-level timeline of mammal evolution integrating phylogenomic data. Nature 602: 263 - 267." type="journal article" year="2021">Álvarez-Carretero et al., 2021</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF96C4BF6C368D1DA86F9A21EEDFD0F" blockId="248.[108,638,225,1738]" lastBlockId="248.[683,1214,226,712]" pageId="248" pageNumber="248">
|
||
Fossil pseudocheirids are first known from the late Oligocene of
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3512CDBF6C368D1DB31F9831BFEF982" box="[314,412,1581,1605]" name="Australia" pageId="248" pageNumber="248">Australia</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD711BAF6C368D1DBA4F9831ACCF9A1" author="Woodburne" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Woodburne" pageId="248" pageNumber="248" pagination="639 - 679" refId="ref235391" refString="Woodburne, M. O., R. H. Tedford, and M. Archer. 1987 b. New Miocene ringtail possums (Marsupialia: Pseudocheiridae) from South Australia. In M. Archer (editor), Possums and opossums: studies in evolution: 639 - 679. Sydney: Surrey Beatty and Sons." type="book chapter" year="1987" yearSuffix="b">Woodburne et al., 1987b</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD711BAF6C368D1DAB3F9E11BBEF9A0" author="Bassarova, M. & M. Archer" box="[184,476,1614,1639]" pageId="248" pageNumber="248" pagination="25 - 27" refId="ref192343" refString="Bassarova, M., and M. Archer. 1999. Living and extinct pseudocheirids (Marsupialia, Pseudocheiridae): Phylogenetic relationships and changes in diversity through time. Australian Mammalogy 21: 25 - 27." type="journal article" year="1999">Bassarova and Archer, 1999</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD711BAF6C368D1DBEEF9E0181AF9A0" author="Roberts, K. K." box="[485,632,1614,1639]" pageId="248" pageNumber="248" refId="ref224254" refString="Roberts, K. K. 2008. Oligo-Miocene pseudocheirid diversity and the early evolution of ringtail possums (Marsupialia). Ph. D. dissertation, School of Biological, Earth, and Environmental Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney." type="book" year="2008">Roberts, 2008</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD711BAF6C368D1DA67F9C11B5AF94F" author="Roberts" box="[108,312,1647,1672]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Roberts" pageId="248" pageNumber="248" pagination="441 - 456" refId="ref224393" refString="Roberts, K. K., M. Archer, S. J. Hand, and H. Godthelp. 2009. New Australian Oligocene to Miocene ringtail possums (Pseudocheiridae) and revision of the genus Marlu. Palaeontology 52: 441 - 456." type="journal article" year="2009">Roberts et al., 2009</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). However, based on largely on the results of recent revisionary work by Roberts (see also
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD711BAF6C368D1DAC4F91C1B9BF90D" author="Bassarova, M. & M. Archer" box="[207,505,1714,1738]" pageId="248" pageNumber="248" pagination="25 - 27" refId="ref192343" refString="Bassarova, M., and M. Archer. 1999. Living and extinct pseudocheirids (Marsupialia, Pseudocheiridae): Phylogenetic relationships and changes in diversity through time. Australian Mammalogy 21: 25 - 27." type="journal article" year="1999">Bassarova and Archer, 1999</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD711BAF6C368D1D80EF91C1881FF3D" author="Long, J. A. & M. Archer & T. F. Flannery & S. J. Hand" box="[517,739,226,1738]" pageId="248" pageNumber="248" refId="ref213561" refString="Long, J. A., M. Archer, T. F. Flannery, and S. J. Hand. 2002. Prehistoric mammals of Australia and New Guinea: one hundred million years of evolution, Sydney: UNSW Press." type="book" year="2002">Long et al., 2002</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD711BAF6C368D1D8E0FF4C1981FF3D" author="Archer, M. & S. J. Hand" box="[747,995,226,250]" pageId="248" pageNumber="248" pagination="575 - 646" refId="ref190275" refString="Archer, M., and S. J. Hand. 2006. The Australian marsupial radiation. In J. R. Merrick, M. Archer, G. M. Hickey, and M. S. Y. Lee (editors), Evolution and biogeography of Australasian vertebrates: 575 - 646. Sydney: Auscipub Pty Ltd." type="book chapter" year="2006">Archer and Hand, 2006</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), the oldest definitive crown-clade pseudocheirids currently known appear to be early Pliocene, namely
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4617C8F6C368D1DE27FE8A1EDCFEFB" authorityName="Matschie" authorityYear="1915" box="[1068,1214,292,316]" class="Mammalia" family="Pseudocheiridae" genus="Pseudochirops" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diprotodontia" pageId="248" pageNumber="248" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B932B059F6C368D1DE27FE8A1EDCFEFB" box="[1068,1214,292,316]" italics="true" pageId="248" pageNumber="248">Pseudochirops</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
†
|
||
<emphasis id="B932B059F6C368D1D8B2FEE81960FE9A" box="[697,770,326,349]" italics="true" pageId="248" pageNumber="248">winteri</emphasis>
|
||
from the Bluff Downs Local Fauna (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD711BAF6C368D1DE7DFEEB19FDFEB9" author="Mackness, B. S. & M. Archer" pageId="248" pageNumber="248" pagination="439 - 444" refId="ref214625" refString="Mackness, B. S., and M. Archer. 2001. A new petauroid possum (Marsupialia, Pseudocheiridae) from the Pliocene Bluff Downs Local Fauna, northern Queensland. Alcheringa: an Australasian Journal of Palaeontology 25 (3 - 4): 439 - 444." type="journal article" year="2001">Mackness and Archer, 2001</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4617C8F6C368D1D9D4FEC81E10FEB9" authorityName="Ogilby" authorityYear="1837" box="[991,1138,358,382]" class="Mammalia" family="Pseudocheiridae" genus="Pseudocheirus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diprotodontia" pageId="248" pageNumber="248" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B932B059F6C368D1D9D4FEC81E10FEB9" box="[991,1138,358,382]" italics="true" pageId="248" pageNumber="248">Pseudocheirus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
†
|
||
<emphasis id="B932B059F6C368D1DE83FEC91880FE58" italics="true" pageId="248" pageNumber="248">marshalli</emphasis>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4617C8F6C368D1D91FFE2919E9FE58" authorityName="Thomas" authorityYear="1888" box="[788,907,391,415]" class="Mammalia" family="Pseudocheiridae" genus="Petauroides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diprotodontia" pageId="248" pageNumber="248" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B932B059F6C368D1D91FFE2919E9FE58" box="[788,907,391,415]" italics="true" pageId="248" pageNumber="248">Petauroides</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
†
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4617C8F6C368D1D996FE261984FE58" box="[925,998,392,415]" class="Mammalia" family="Diprotodontidae" genus="Neohelos" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diprotodontia" pageId="248" pageNumber="248" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="stirtoni">
|
||
<emphasis id="B932B059F6C368D1D996FE261984FE58" box="[925,998,392,415]" italics="true" pageId="248" pageNumber="248">stirtoni</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from the ~4.46 Mya Hamilton Local Fauna (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD711BAF6C368D1D9B9FE061883FE26" author="Turnbull and Lundelius" firstAuthor="Turnbull" pageId="248" pageNumber="248" pagination="1 - 163" refId="ref231373" refString="Turnbull, W. D., and E. L. J. Lundelius. 1970. The Hamilton fauna. A late Pliocene mammalian fauna from the Grange Burn, Victoria, Australia. Fieldiana: Geology 19: 1 - 163." type="journal article" year="1970">Turnbull and Lundelius, 1970</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD711BAF6C368D1D8E6FE6719E1FE26" author="Archer, M." box="[749,899,457,481]" pageId="248" pageNumber="248" pagination="633 - 808" refId="ref190081" refString="Archer, M. 1984 c. The Australian marsupial radiation. In M. Archer and G. Clayton (editors), Vertebrate zoogeography and evolution in Australasia: 633 - 808. Perth: Hesperian Press." type="book chapter" year="1984">Archer, 1984c</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD711BAF6C368D1D99BFE671E0EFE26" author="Turnbull" box="[912,1132,457,481]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Turnbull" pageId="248" pageNumber="248" pagination="693 - 713" refId="ref231465" refString="Turnbull, W. D., T. H. V. Rich, and E. L. J. Lundelius. 1987. Pseudocheirids (Marsupialia: Pseudocheiridae) of the early Pliocene Hamilton Local Fauna, southwestern Victoria. In M. Archer (editor), Possums and opossums: studies in evolution: 693 - 713. Sydney: Surrey Beatty and Sons." type="book chapter" year="1987">Turnbull et al., 1987</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD711BAF6C368D1DE73FE6419FBFDC5" author="Bassarova, M. & M. Archer" pageId="248" pageNumber="248" pagination="25 - 27" refId="ref192343" refString="Bassarova, M., and M. Archer. 1999. Living and extinct pseudocheirids (Marsupialia, Pseudocheiridae): Phylogenetic relationships and changes in diversity through time. Australian Mammalogy 21: 25 - 27." type="journal article" year="1999">Bassarova and Archer, 1999</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD711BAF6C368D1D9A8FE441E18FDC5" author="Turnbull" box="[931,1146,490,514]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Turnbull" pageId="248" pageNumber="248" pagination="513 - 540" refId="ref231535" refString="Turnbull, W. D., E. L. Lundelius Jr., and M. Archer. 2003. Dasyurids, perameloids, phalangeroids, and vombatoids from the Early Pliocene Hamilton Fauna, Victoria, Australia. In L. J. Flynn (editor), Vertebrate fossils and their context: contributions in honor of Richard H. Tedford. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 279: 513 - 540." type="journal article" year="2003">Turnbull et al., 2003</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4617C8F6C368D1D8A6FDA51944FDE4" authorityName="Thomas" authorityYear="1888" box="[685,806,523,547]" class="Mammalia" family="Pseudocheiridae" genus="Petauroides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diprotodontia" pageId="248" pageNumber="248" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B932B059F6C368D1D8A6FDA51944FDE4" box="[685,806,523,547]" italics="true" pageId="248" pageNumber="248">Petauroides</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
†
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4617C8F6C368D1D930FDA219E4FDE4" box="[827,902,524,547]" class="Mammalia" family="Diprotodontidae" genus="Neohelos" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diprotodontia" pageId="248" pageNumber="248" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="stirtoni">
|
||
<emphasis id="B932B059F6C368D1D930FDA219E4FDE4" box="[827,902,524,547]" italics="true" pageId="248" pageNumber="248">stirtoni</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
possibly also present in the early Pliocene Big Sink Fauna (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD711BAF6C368D1DE1CFD821886FDA2" author="Dawson, L. & J. Muirhead & S. Wroe" pageId="248" pageNumber="248" pagination="265 - 290" refId="ref200073" refString="Dawson, L., J. Muirhead, and S. Wroe. 1999. The Big Sink Local Fauna: a lower Pliocene mammalian fauna from the Wellington Caves complex, Wellington, New South Wales. Records of the Western Australia Museum, Supplement 57: 265 - 290." type="journal article" year="1999">Dawson et al., 1999</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). This is broadly congruent with our estimated divergence dates, in which crown-clade
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4617C8F6C368D1D8A7FD21193FFD60" authorityName="Winge" authorityYear="1893" box="[684,861,655,679]" class="Mammalia" family="Pseudocheiridae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diprotodontia" pageId="248" pageNumber="248" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Pseudocheiridae</taxonomicName>
|
||
is inferred as having begun to diversify during the early or middle Miocene.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |