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<document id="2E3D51A5D44AAEC3599A08486167AB79" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.3887.3.5" ID-GBIF-Dataset="70491d7d-82de-4f06-bea1-49f5b686c8dc" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="230616" ID-ZooBank="63968BBF-9C06-4A74-8093-0165770A6325" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1460978776441" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Randall, John E., Victor, Benjamin C., Alpermann, Tilman J., Bogorodsky, Sergey V., Mal, Ahmad O., Satapoomin, Ukkrit &amp; Bineesh, K. K." docDate="2014" docId="03D887FDFF9CFFCAFF76FF19FBEE3E52" docLanguage="en" docName="zt03887p392.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 3887 (3)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Pempheris flavicycla" docType="treatment" docVersion="8" lastPageNumber="384" masterDocId="FFE1FF85FF98FFCDFFE1FFC1FFB63C21" masterDocTitle="Rebuttal to Koeda et al. (2014) on the Red Sea fishes of the perciform genus Pempheris" masterLastPageNumber="392" masterPageNumber="377" pageNumber="381" updateTime="1698559911581" updateUser="plazi">
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<mods:title id="292F619FC19C1077439EE9ACB54CC254">Rebuttal to Koeda et al. (2014) on the Red Sea fishes of the perciform genus Pempheris</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="E1F9465034BC727659B2E2753917A316">Randall, John E.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="5265329F7AE55ED462D295A314CADB81">Victor, Benjamin C.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="DCFD9F50CC673AEE36CFB17F62D63526">Alpermann, Tilman J.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="41ED8DEC9F26D79F068D6EF8F45B57BF">Bogorodsky, Sergey V.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="402DE3AA64CC8BF3A5CD78A679049D00">Mal, Ahmad O.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="13AADD49EE0890DB81F17ACB9BE13566">Satapoomin, Ukkrit</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="50741BF9F2C51DD8C5CFDC57953F1E0B">Bineesh, K. K.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="9AE2CB3B3F65C6B72A7320E5B185677A">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="84437541FF0C200E2E00995501E3CF3C">2014</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="BCC15FBE06FE9A3AF4EF73C44D0D4D7D">3887</mods:number>
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<treatment id="03D887FDFF9CFFCAFF76FF19FBEE3E52" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5694358" ID-GBIF-Taxon="119594256" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5694358" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03D887FDFF9CFFCAFF76FF19FBEE3E52" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03D887FDFF9CFFCAFF76FF19FBEE3E52" lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="384" pageId="4" pageNumber="381">
<subSubSection id="C36B6560FF9CFFC9FF76FF19FD063CD0" box="[151,688,215,242]" pageId="4" pageNumber="381" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8BCE36EBFF9CFFC9FF76FF19FD063CD0" blockId="4.[151,688,215,242]" box="[151,688,215,242]" pageId="4" pageNumber="381">
<heading id="D0868187FF9CFFC9FF76FF19FD063CD0" bold="true" box="[151,688,215,242]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="381" reason="1">
<emphasis id="B905EAF9FF9CFFC9FF76FF19FD063CD0" bold="true" box="[151,688,215,242]" pageId="4" pageNumber="381">
Status of
<taxonomicName id="4C714D68FF9CFFC9FEEAFF16FDB13CD0" ID-CoL="76FT2" box="[267,519,215,241]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Pempheridae" genus="Pempheris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="4" pageNumber="381" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="flavicycla">
<emphasis id="B905EAF9FF9CFFC9FEEAFF16FDB13CD0" bold="true" box="[267,519,215,241]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="381">Pempheris flavicycla</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="4C714D68FF9CFFC9FDA5FF16FD063CD0" box="[580,688,215,241]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Pempheridae" genus="Pempheris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="4" pageNumber="381" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="adusta">
<emphasis id="B905EAF9FF9CFFC9FDA5FF16FD063CD0" bold="true" box="[580,688,215,241]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="381">P. adusta</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C36B6560FF9CFFCAFF76FED9FBEE3E52" lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="384" pageId="4" pageNumber="381" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BCE36EBFF9CFFC8FF76FED9FB9E3D39" blockId="4.[151,1436,279,374]" lastBlockId="5.[151,1437,151,2014]" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="382" pageId="4" pageNumber="381">
<taxonomicName id="4C714D68FF9CFFC9FF76FED9FED73D11" box="[151,353,280,304]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Pempheridae" genus="Pempheris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="4" pageNumber="381" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="adusta">
<emphasis id="B905EAF9FF9CFFC9FF76FED9FED73D11" box="[151,353,280,304]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="381">Pempheris adusta</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<typeStatus id="54CA8849FF9CFFC9FE90FED9FE153D11" box="[369,419,280,304]" pageId="4" pageNumber="381">type</typeStatus>
locality
<collectingCountry id="F366767BFF9CFFC9FDE7FED6FDEB3D11" box="[518,605,279,304]" name="Indonesia" pageId="4" pageNumber="381">Ambon</collectingCountry>
, on the Pacific side of
<collectingCountry id="F366767BFF9CFFC9FC80FED6FC663D11" box="[865,976,279,304]" name="Indonesia" pageId="4" pageNumber="381">Indonesia</collectingCountry>
) is not a senior name for
<taxonomicName id="4C714D68FF9CFFC9FB12FED8FACA3D11" box="[1267,1404,280,304]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Pempheridae" genus="Pempheris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="4" pageNumber="381" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="flavicycla">
<emphasis id="B905EAF9FF9CFFC9FB12FED8FACA3D11" box="[1267,1404,280,304]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="381">P. flavicycla</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
of the Indian Ocean because of a pronounced difference in the markings on the anal fin. The salient dark marking of
<taxonomicName id="4C714D68FF9CFFC9FA66FEFAFEB23D54" class="Actinopterygii" family="Pempheridae" genus="Pempheris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="4" pageNumber="381" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="flavicycla">
<emphasis id="B905EAF9FF9CFFC9FA66FEFAFEB23D54" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="381">P. flavicycla</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is a prominent black border on the anal fin (
<figureCitation id="134A2A6EFF9CFFC9FD17FE9CFCF93D57" box="[758,847,349,374]" captionStart="FIGURE 1. A" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1955,1977]" captionTargetBox="[324,1265,429,1919]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[319,1271,425,1929]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 1. A. Underwater photograph of Pempheris flavicycla marisrubri, Ras Muhammed, Red Sea (S. V. Bogorodsky) B. Holotype of Pempheris adusta (from Bleeker’s Atlas Ichthyologique, vol. 12, 1877 - 1878) C. Underwater photograph of Pempheris adusta, Raja Ampat, Indonesia (M. V. Erdmann)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/230617/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="381">Fig. 1A</figureCitation>
), which has led most past observers to mistake them for
<taxonomicName id="4C714D68FF9DFFC8FF25FF58FED93C91" box="[196,367,152,176]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Pempheridae" genus="Pempheris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="5" pageNumber="382" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="vanicolensis">
<emphasis id="B905EAF9FF9DFFC8FF25FF58FED93C91" box="[196,367,152,176]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="382">P. vanicolensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, a similar Pacific species that shares a prominent black border on the anal fin. Bleeker’s description of
<taxonomicName id="4C714D68FF9DFFC8FED6FF7AFE2B3CF2" box="[311,413,187,211]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Pempheridae" genus="Pempheris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="5" pageNumber="382" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="adusta">
<emphasis id="B905EAF9FF9DFFC8FED6FF7AFE2B3CF2" box="[311,413,187,211]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="382">P. adusta</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
makes no mention of a black border, nor is it shown on his painting (
<figureCitation id="134A2A6EFF9DFFC8FB7CFF7BFB6A3CF2" box="[1181,1244,186,211]" captionStart="FIGURE 1. A" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1955,1977]" captionTargetBox="[324,1265,429,1919]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[319,1271,425,1929]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 1. A. Underwater photograph of Pempheris flavicycla marisrubri, Ras Muhammed, Red Sea (S. V. Bogorodsky) B. Holotype of Pempheris adusta (from Bleeker’s Atlas Ichthyologique, vol. 12, 1877 - 1878) C. Underwater photograph of Pempheris adusta, Raja Ampat, Indonesia (M. V. Erdmann)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/230617/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="382">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
B). The
<typeStatus id="54CA8849FF9DFFC8FADBFF7BFA2A3CF2" box="[1338,1436,186,211]" pageId="5" pageNumber="382" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
in the Leiden Museum also does not show any sign of a black border on the anal fin. In addition,
<taxonomicName id="4C714D68FF9DFFC8FB07FF1FFAD93CD4" box="[1254,1391,221,245]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Pempheridae" genus="Pempheris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="5" pageNumber="382" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="flavicycla">
<emphasis id="B905EAF9FF9DFFC8FB07FF1FFAD93CD4" box="[1254,1391,221,245]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="382">P. flavicycla</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has an apical spot on the dorsal fin vs. an anterior dark band on Bleeker’s illustration.
</paragraph>
<caption id="DF0E6663FF9CFFC9FF76F862FD403BD2" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/230617/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="381" targetBox="[324,1265,429,1919]" targetPageId="4">
<paragraph id="8BCE36EBFF9CFFC9FF76F862FD403BD2" blockId="4.[151,1436,1955,2035]" pageId="4" pageNumber="381">
<emphasis id="B905EAF9FF9CFFC9FF76F862FEA23B99" bold="true" box="[151,276,1955,1977]" pageId="4" pageNumber="381">FIGURE 1.</emphasis>
A. Underwater photograph of
<taxonomicName id="4C714D68FF9CFFC9FDB2F862FBE13B98" authority="Ras Muhammed" authorityName="Ras Muhammed" box="[595,1111,1955,1977]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Pempheridae" genus="Pempheris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="4" pageNumber="381" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="flavicycla" subSpecies="marisrubri">
<emphasis id="B905EAF9FF9CFFC9FDB2F862FC293B98" box="[595,927,1955,1977]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="381">Pempheris flavicycla marisrubri</emphasis>
, Ras Muhammed
</taxonomicName>
, Red Sea (S.V. Bogorodsky) B. Holotype of
<taxonomicName id="4C714D68FF9CFFC9FEC0F801FE6B3BF7" box="[289,477,1984,2006]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Pempheridae" genus="Pempheris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="4" pageNumber="381" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="adusta">
<emphasis id="B905EAF9FF9CFFC9FEC0F801FE6B3BF7" box="[289,477,1984,2006]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="381">Pempheris adusta</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(from Bleeker’s
<taxonomicName id="4C714D68FF9CFFC9FD7BF801FCC73BF7" authority="Ichthyologique" authorityName="Ichthyologique" box="[666,881,1984,2006]" genus="Atlas" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="4" pageNumber="381" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B905EAF9FF9CFFC9FD7BF801FCC73BF7" box="[666,881,1984,2006]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="381">Atlas Ichthyologique</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, vol. 12, 1877-1878) C. Underwater photograph of
<taxonomicName id="4C714D68FF9CFFC9FF76F81CFE633BD2" authority="Raja Ampat" authorityName="Raja Ampat" box="[151,469,2013,2035]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Pempheridae" genus="Pempheris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="4" pageNumber="381" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="adusta">
<emphasis id="B905EAF9FF9CFFC9FF76F81CFEE53BD2" box="[151,339,2013,2035]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="381">Pempheris adusta,</emphasis>
Raja Ampat
</taxonomicName>
, Indonesia (M.V. Erdmann).
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8BCE36EBFF9DFFC8FF26FEE2FD0B3EB7" blockId="5.[151,1437,151,2014]" pageId="5" pageNumber="382">
Sweepers that match the Bleeker illustration are present in
<collectingCountry id="F366767BFF9DFFC8FC99FEE3FC5F3D1A" box="[888,1001,290,315]" name="Indonesia" pageId="5" pageNumber="382">Indonesia</collectingCountry>
: we identify the photograph taken by Mark Erdmann at the Raja Ampat Islands of West
<collectingCountry id="F366767BFF9DFFC8FD02FE87FC9C3D7C" box="[739,810,326,349]" name="Papua New Guinea" pageId="5" pageNumber="382">Papua</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="F366767BFF9DFFC8FCD9FE84FC133D7F" box="[824,933,325,350]" name="Indonesia" pageId="5" pageNumber="382">Indonesia</collectingCountry>
as
<taxonomicName id="4C714D68FF9DFFC8FC2FFE87FB813D7C" box="[974,1079,325,349]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Pempheridae" genus="Pempheris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="5" pageNumber="382" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="adusta">
<emphasis id="B905EAF9FF9DFFC8FC2FFE87FB813D7C" box="[974,1079,325,349]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="382">P. adusta</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<figureCitation id="134A2A6EFF9DFFC8FBA8FE84FB3D3D7F" box="[1097,1163,325,350]" captionStart="FIGURE 1. A" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1955,1977]" captionTargetBox="[324,1265,429,1919]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[319,1271,425,1929]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 1. A. Underwater photograph of Pempheris flavicycla marisrubri, Ras Muhammed, Red Sea (S. V. Bogorodsky) B. Holotype of Pempheris adusta (from Bleeker’s Atlas Ichthyologique, vol. 12, 1877 - 1878) C. Underwater photograph of Pempheris adusta, Raja Ampat, Indonesia (M. V. Erdmann)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/230617/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="382">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
C). Plans to collect this species are underway. Bleeker specifically mentioned the fins as “
<emphasis id="B905EAF9FF9DFFC8FC7EFEA9FC563D5E" box="[927,992,360,383]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="382">roseis</emphasis>
” with a black spot at the base of the pectoral fin, a dark brown anterior margin of the dorsal fin, a golden margin of the pupil, and his painting shows other diagnostic features such as the dark band at the base of the anal fin. Bleeker gave the anal-fin soft ray count as 42 (we get this count on Erdmann's photograph), and the lateral-line scale count as about 50. The
<typeStatus id="54CA8849FF9DFFC8FB08FE0EFAFD3DC9" box="[1257,1355,463,488]" pageId="5" pageNumber="382" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
has 56 lateral-line scales on one side and 53 on the other (counted by Randall D. Mooi). We count about 58 on Erdmann's photograph. Note that Bleeker’s painting also shows two dark bars on the postorbital head: Martin van Oijen, curator of fishes at the museum in Leiden (now the Naturalis Biodiversity Center), reports that the marks are present only on the right side (evidently the artist thought they should also be shown on the left). We believe these marks are from original damage to the specimen.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BCE36EBFF9DFFC8FF26FD5EFAA738C2" blockId="5.[151,1437,151,2014]" pageId="5" pageNumber="382">
Despite this fundamental difference in markings,
<bibRefCitation id="EFE04B1AFF9DFFC8FD14FD5EFC673E99" box="[757,977,671,696]" pageId="5" pageNumber="382" refString="Koeda, K., Yoshino, T., Imai, H. &amp; Tachihara, K. (2014). A review of the genus Pempheris (Perciformes, Pempheridae), with description of a new species. Zootaxa, 3793 (3), 301 - 330. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 3793.3.1" type="journal article">
Koeda
<emphasis id="B905EAF9FF9DFFC8FCA7FD60FCC83E99" box="[838,894,672,696]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="382">et al.</emphasis>
(2014)
</bibRefCitation>
concluded that the Red Sea species is
<taxonomicName id="4C714D68FF9DFFC8FA66FD60FF543EFA" class="Actinopterygii" family="Pempheridae" genus="Pempheris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="5" pageNumber="382" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="adusta">
<emphasis id="B905EAF9FF9DFFC8FA66FD60FF543EFA" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="382">P. adusta</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and then redescribed
<taxonomicName id="4C714D68FF9DFFC8FE35FD02FD8C3EFA" box="[468,570,707,731]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Pempheridae" genus="Pempheris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="5" pageNumber="382" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="adusta">
<emphasis id="B905EAF9FF9DFFC8FE35FD02FD8C3EFA" box="[468,570,707,731]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="382">P. adusta</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
to conform with this novel conclusion. They acknowledged in their diagnosis of
<emphasis id="B905EAF9FF9DFFC8FF57FD27FE8B3EDC" box="[182,317,741,765]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="382">
“
<taxonomicName id="4C714D68FF9DFFC8FF5EFD27FE823EDC" box="[191,308,741,765]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Pempheridae" genus="Pempheris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="5" pageNumber="382" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="adusta">P. adusta</taxonomicName>
”
</emphasis>
that the black border on the anal fin is absent in the Pacific: they say “usually none in Pacific” (p. 303), but add, notably without any evidence, that “some of the specimens from the Pacific have have [sic] the same coloration as fish from the Indian Ocean” (p. 305). It is especially significant that the only Pacific specimen they chose to illustrate, in their
<figureCitation id="134A2A6EFF9DFFC8FE5EFC8CFE4B3F47" box="[447,509,845,870]" captionStart="FIGURE 1. A" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1955,1977]" captionTargetBox="[324,1265,429,1919]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[319,1271,425,1929]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 1. A. Underwater photograph of Pempheris flavicycla marisrubri, Ras Muhammed, Red Sea (S. V. Bogorodsky) B. Holotype of Pempheris adusta (from Bleeker’s Atlas Ichthyologique, vol. 12, 1877 - 1878) C. Underwater photograph of Pempheris adusta, Raja Ampat, Indonesia (M. V. Erdmann)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/230617/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="382">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
d, has no black border on the anal fin. Then, inexplicably, they redescribe
<taxonomicName id="4C714D68FF9DFFC8FAD7FC8FFA2A3F44" box="[1334,1436,845,869]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Pempheridae" genus="Pempheris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="5" pageNumber="382" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="adusta">
<emphasis id="B905EAF9FF9DFFC8FAD7FC8FFA2A3F44" box="[1334,1436,845,869]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="382">P. adusta</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
“based on Indian Ocean specimens”, despite the obvious fact that Bleeker’s
<typeStatus id="54CA8849FF9DFFC8FBE9FCB1FB8E3FA9" box="[1032,1080,880,904]" pageId="5" pageNumber="382">type</typeStatus>
locality of
<collectingCountry id="F366767BFF9DFFC8FB21FCAEFAA23FA9" box="[1216,1300,879,904]" name="Indonesia" pageId="5" pageNumber="382">Ambon</collectingCountry>
is from the Pacific Ocean. They switched oceans for the redescription undeterred by their own conclusion that there is a 0.4% divergence between the mtDNA 16S sequences for the Indian and Pacific Ocean lineages. Further confusing the argument, a typographical error allows the reader to conclude that the different ocean lineages were mixed: KAUM 31640 is listed in their phylogenetic tree (p. 308,
<figureCitation id="134A2A6EFF9DFFC8FD20FC3BFCB23832" box="[705,772,1018,1043]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="6.[151,250,1924,1946]" captionTargetBox="[251,1376,533,1889]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[188,1409,533,1917]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 2. The neighbor-joining phenetic tree of Pempheris following the Kimura two-parameter model (K 2 P) based on mtDNA COI generated by BOLD (Barcode of Life Database). The scale bar at left represents a 2 % sequence difference. Collection locations for specimens are indicated and GenBank accession numbers and collection data for the sequences in the tree are listed in Appendix 1." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/230618/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="382">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
) as from “Iou-jima I.,
<collectingCountry id="F366767BFF9DFFC8FBE2FC3BFBDD3832" box="[1027,1131,1018,1043]" name="Thailand" pageId="5" pageNumber="382">Thailand</collectingCountry>
”, but that sequence is from
<collectingCountry id="F366767BFF9DFFC8FF76FBDFFF613814" box="[151,215,1054,1077]" name="Japan" pageId="5" pageNumber="382">Japan</collectingCountry>
(and URM-P 46441 is listed in the same tree as from “Tanega-shima I.,
<collectingCountry id="F366767BFF9DFFC8FBE0FBDCFBC53817" box="[1025,1139,1053,1078]" name="Indonesia" pageId="5" pageNumber="382">Indonesia</collectingCountry>
”, but it is also from
<collectingCountry id="F366767BFF9DFFC8FAB4FBDFFA2E3814" box="[1365,1432,1054,1077]" name="Japan" pageId="5" pageNumber="382">Japan</collectingCountry>
; their Appendix 1, pp. 325 and 328). In fact, the two groups of lineages in the tree in their
<figureCitation id="134A2A6EFF9DFFC8FB5FFBFEFAB43879" box="[1214,1282,1087,1112]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="6.[151,250,1924,1946]" captionTargetBox="[251,1376,533,1889]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[188,1409,533,1917]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 2. The neighbor-joining phenetic tree of Pempheris following the Kimura two-parameter model (K 2 P) based on mtDNA COI generated by BOLD (Barcode of Life Database). The scale bar at left represents a 2 % sequence difference. Collection locations for specimens are indicated and GenBank accession numbers and collection data for the sequences in the tree are listed in Appendix 1." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/230618/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="382">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
are mutually exclusive, with all Indian Ocean specimens sharing one haplotype that is displayed at a terminal node of the ML tree and all Pacific Ocean specimens sharing another haplotype that is ancestral to that of Indian Ocean specimens and therefore is found on the same branch as an inner node. This is exactly what can be expected if a short-enough sequence of a relatively slowly evolving gene is analysed for any two divergent evolutionary lineages.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BCE36EBFF9DFFC8FF26FB2CFC2B3A41" blockId="5.[151,1437,151,2014]" pageId="5" pageNumber="382">
The more broadly used mitochondrial gene COI, the marker for the Barcode of Life project with over 10,000 fish species sequenced at present (http://www.fishbol.org/), shows that Indian Ocean
<taxonomicName id="4C714D68FF9DFFC8FB60FAD0FAB83909" box="[1153,1294,1296,1320]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Pempheridae" genus="Pempheris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="5" pageNumber="382" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="flavicycla">
<emphasis id="B905EAF9FF9DFFC8FB60FAD0FAB83909" box="[1153,1294,1296,1320]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="382">P. flavicycla</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and Pacific Ocean
<taxonomicName id="4C714D68FF9DFFC8FF07FAF2FE28396A" box="[230,414,1330,1355]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Pempheridae" genus="Pempheris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="5" pageNumber="382" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="flavicycla">
<emphasis id="B905EAF9FF9DFFC8FF07FAF2FF4F396B" box="[230,249,1331,1354]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="382">P.</emphasis>
aff.
<emphasis id="B905EAF9FF9DFFC8FED0FAF2FE28396A" box="[305,414,1331,1355]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="382">flavicycla</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(“
<taxonomicName id="4C714D68FF9DFFC8FE5DFAF2FD92396A" box="[444,548,1331,1355]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Pempheridae" genus="Pempheris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="5" pageNumber="382" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="adusta">
<emphasis id="B905EAF9FF9DFFC8FE5DFAF2FD92396A" box="[444,548,1331,1355]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="382">P. adusta</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
” of the Pacific according to
<bibRefCitation id="EFE04B1AFF9DFFC8FC8CFAF3FB8C396A" author="Koeda" box="[877,1082,1330,1355]" pageId="5" pageNumber="382" refString="Koeda, K., Yoshino, T., Imai, H. &amp; Tachihara, K. (2014). A review of the genus Pempheris (Perciformes, Pempheridae), with description of a new species. Zootaxa, 3793 (3), 301 - 330. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 3793.3.1" type="journal article" year="2014">
Koeda
<emphasis id="B905EAF9FF9DFFC8FC5FFAF2FC4E396A" box="[958,1016,1331,1355]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="382">et al.</emphasis>
2014
</bibRefCitation>
) are reciprocally monophyletic lineages 2.51% divergent (minimum interspecific distance by K2P, 2.46% pairwise;
<figureCitation id="134A2A6EFF9DFFC8FBB2FA94FB2E394F" box="[1107,1176,1365,1390]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="6.[151,250,1924,1946]" captionTargetBox="[251,1376,533,1889]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[188,1409,533,1917]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 2. The neighbor-joining phenetic tree of Pempheris following the Kimura two-parameter model (K 2 P) based on mtDNA COI generated by BOLD (Barcode of Life Database). The scale bar at left represents a 2 % sequence difference. Collection locations for specimens are indicated and GenBank accession numbers and collection data for the sequences in the tree are listed in Appendix 1." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/230618/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="382">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
), well within the norm for pairs of sibling species among coral reef fishes (
<bibRefCitation id="EFE04B1AFF9DFFC8FD0DFAB6FC0539B1" author="Ward" box="[748,947,1399,1424]" pageId="5" pageNumber="382" refString="Ward, R. D., Zemlak, T. S., Innes, B. H., Last, P. R. &amp; Hebert, P. D. N. (2005) DNA barcoding Australia's fish species. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences, 360, 1847 - 1857. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1098 / rstb. 2005.1716" type="journal article" year="2005">
Ward
<emphasis id="B905EAF9FF9DFFC8FCD2FAB8FCDB39B1" box="[819,877,1400,1424]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="382">et al.</emphasis>
2005
</bibRefCitation>
). Our Pacific Ocean
<taxonomicName id="4C714D68FF9DFFC8FB45FAB8FAEB39B1" box="[1188,1373,1399,1424]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Pempheridae" genus="Pempheris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="5" pageNumber="382" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="flavicycla">
<emphasis id="B905EAF9FF9DFFC8FB45FAB8FB0039B1" box="[1188,1206,1401,1424]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="382">P.</emphasis>
aff.
<emphasis id="B905EAF9FF9DFFC8FB11FAB9FAEB39B1" box="[1264,1373,1400,1424]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="382">flavicycla</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
were collected from a very wide geographic range, i.e.
<collectingCountry id="F366767BFF9DFFC8FD08FA5BFC883992" box="[745,830,1434,1459]" name="Taiwan" pageId="5" pageNumber="382">Taiwan</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="F366767BFF9DFFC8FCAFFA5AFC233992" box="[846,917,1435,1459]" name="Guam" pageId="5" pageNumber="382">Guam</collectingCountry>
, Bali, and
<collectingCountry id="F366767BFF9DFFC8FBFAFA5AFB673992" box="[1051,1233,1434,1459]" name="New Caledonia" pageId="5" pageNumber="382">New Caledonia</collectingCountry>
, yet form a tight monophyletic clade sister to the Indian Ocean
<taxonomicName id="4C714D68FF9DFFC8FD7BFA7FFC9439F4" box="[666,802,1469,1493]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Pempheridae" genus="Pempheris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="5" pageNumber="382" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="flavicycla">
<emphasis id="B905EAF9FF9DFFC8FD7BFA7FFC9439F4" box="[666,802,1469,1493]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="382">P. flavicycla</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<figureCitation id="134A2A6EFF9DFFC8FCD0FA7CFCC339F7" box="[817,885,1469,1494]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="6.[151,250,1924,1946]" captionTargetBox="[251,1376,533,1889]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[188,1409,533,1917]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 2. The neighbor-joining phenetic tree of Pempheris following the Kimura two-parameter model (K 2 P) based on mtDNA COI generated by BOLD (Barcode of Life Database). The scale bar at left represents a 2 % sequence difference. Collection locations for specimens are indicated and GenBank accession numbers and collection data for the sequences in the tree are listed in Appendix 1." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/230618/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="382">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
). We confirmed that
<bibRefCitation id="EFE04B1AFF9DFFC8FBBCFA7CFAFE39F7" box="[1117,1352,1469,1494]" pageId="5" pageNumber="382" refString="Koeda, K., Yoshino, T., Imai, H. &amp; Tachihara, K. (2014). A review of the genus Pempheris (Perciformes, Pempheridae), with description of a new species. Zootaxa, 3793 (3), 301 - 330. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 3793.3.1" type="journal article">
Koeda
<emphasis id="B905EAF9FF9DFFC8FB4CFA7FFB5239F4" box="[1197,1252,1469,1493]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="382">et al.</emphasis>
’s (2014)
</bibRefCitation>
Pacific “
<taxonomicName id="4C714D68FF9DFFC8FF42FA20FEBF39D9" box="[163,265,1504,1528]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Pempheridae" genus="Pempheris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="5" pageNumber="382" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="adusta">
<emphasis id="B905EAF9FF9DFFC8FF42FA20FEBF39D9" box="[163,265,1504,1528]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="382">P. adusta</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
” is the same entity as our
<taxonomicName id="4C714D68FF9DFFC8FDCFFA20FD5439D9" box="[558,738,1503,1528]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Pempheridae" genus="Pempheris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="5" pageNumber="382" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="flavicycla">
<emphasis id="B905EAF9FF9DFFC8FDCFFA20FDF639D9" box="[558,576,1505,1528]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="382">P.</emphasis>
aff.
<emphasis id="B905EAF9FF9DFFC8FD94FA21FD5439D9" box="[629,738,1504,1528]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="382">flavicycla</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by sequencing 16S from our three Balinese specimens and the sequences are identical (GenBank numbers
<accessionNumber id="9422AB08FF9DFFC8FD46F9C3FC9C3A3A" box="[679,810,1538,1563]" httpUri="https://www.ebi.ac.uk/ena/browser/api/embl/KM516206" pageId="5" pageNumber="382">KM516206</accessionNumber>
–
<accessionNumber id="9422AB08FF9DFFC8FCD8F9C3FC0B3A3A" box="[825,957,1538,1563]" httpUri="https://www.ebi.ac.uk/ena/browser/api/embl/KM516208" pageId="5" pageNumber="382">KM516208</accessionNumber>
). Furthermore, our specimens of
<taxonomicName id="4C714D68FF9DFFC8FAB2F9C2FEB23A1C" class="Actinopterygii" family="Pempheridae" genus="Pempheris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="5" pageNumber="382" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="flavicycla">
<emphasis id="B905EAF9FF9DFFC8FAB2F9C2FAD03A3B" box="[1363,1382,1539,1562]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="382">P.</emphasis>
aff.
<emphasis id="B905EAF9FF9DFFC8FF76F9E4FEB23A1C" box="[151,260,1573,1597]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="382">flavicycla</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
all share the essential features of their illustration of Pacific “
<taxonomicName id="4C714D68FF9DFFC8FC3BF9E7FBF53A1C" box="[986,1091,1573,1597]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Pempheridae" genus="Pempheris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="5" pageNumber="382" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="adusta">
<emphasis id="B905EAF9FF9DFFC8FC3BF9E7FBF53A1C" box="[986,1091,1573,1597]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="382">P. adusta</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
” (their
<figureCitation id="134A2A6EFF9DFFC8FB41F9E4FB573A1F" box="[1184,1249,1573,1598]" captionStart="FIGURE 1. A" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1955,1977]" captionTargetBox="[324,1265,429,1919]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[319,1271,425,1929]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 1. A. Underwater photograph of Pempheris flavicycla marisrubri, Ras Muhammed, Red Sea (S. V. Bogorodsky) B. Holotype of Pempheris adusta (from Bleeker’s Atlas Ichthyologique, vol. 12, 1877 - 1878) C. Underwater photograph of Pempheris adusta, Raja Ampat, Indonesia (M. V. Erdmann)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/230617/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="382">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
d), i.e. no black border on the anal fin and the yellow iris ringing the pupil of the eye.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BCE36EBFF9DFFC8FF26F9ABFBEC3B72" blockId="5.[151,1437,151,2014]" pageId="5" pageNumber="382">
<bibRefCitation id="EFE04B1AFF9DFFC8FF26F9ABFE153AA2" box="[199,419,1642,1667]" pageId="5" pageNumber="382" refString="Koeda, K., Yoshino, T., Imai, H. &amp; Tachihara, K. (2014). A review of the genus Pempheris (Perciformes, Pempheridae), with description of a new species. Zootaxa, 3793 (3), 301 - 330. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 3793.3.1" type="journal article">
Koeda
<emphasis id="B905EAF9FF9DFFC8FEF6F9AAFEE63AA2" box="[279,336,1643,1667]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="382">et al.</emphasis>
(2014)
</bibRefCitation>
argued that the relatively low 0.4% divergence in the 16S sequence (and the paraphyly of one lineage) is actually evidence to synonymize the species, instead of considering that 16S may just have a slow substitution rate (especially compared to COI). Finding low divergences in mtDNA sequences should not trump morphological, meristic, or marking differences in assessing taxonomic questions. Indeed, numerous wellestablished reef-fish species complexes have very close mtDNA COI sequences, or even share identical haplotypes, due to incomplete lineage sorting (not enough time after speciation for mitochondrial haplotypes to become completely mutually exclusive) or due to rare hybridization (Victor, in press).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BCE36EBFF9DFFCBFF26F89FFC043DC9" blockId="5.[151,1437,151,2014]" lastBlockId="6.[151,1436,151,488]" lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="383" pageId="5" pageNumber="382">
<collectingCountry id="F366767BFF9DFFC8FF26F89FFF503B57" box="[199,230,1886,1910]" name="American Samoa" pageId="5" pageNumber="382">As</collectingCountry>
a comparison,
<bibRefCitation id="EFE04B1AFF9DFFC8FE79F89CFDCF3B57" box="[408,633,1885,1910]" pageId="5" pageNumber="382" refString="Koeda, K., Yoshino, T., Imai, H. &amp; Tachihara, K. (2014). A review of the genus Pempheris (Perciformes, Pempheridae), with description of a new species. Zootaxa, 3793 (3), 301 - 330. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 3793.3.1" type="journal article">
Koeda
<emphasis id="B905EAF9FF9DFFC8FE0AF89FFD933B54" box="[491,549,1885,1909]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="382">et al.</emphasis>
(2014)
</bibRefCitation>
cited that
<taxonomicName id="4C714D68FF9DFFC8FD17F89FFCC83B54" box="[758,894,1885,1909]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Pempheridae" genus="Pempheris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="5" pageNumber="382" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="oualensis">
<emphasis id="B905EAF9FF9DFFC8FD17F89FFCC83B54" box="[758,894,1885,1909]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="382">P. oualensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has a much higher sequence variation of 2.8% within the species (it should be noted that comparative sequence variation is not particularly useful for taxonomic questions). Nevertheless, that high variation is based on misidentifications in databases: nominal
<taxonomicName id="4C714D68FF9DFFC8FB30F862FAE03B9A" box="[1233,1366,1955,1979]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Pempheridae" genus="Pempheris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="5" pageNumber="382" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="oualensis">
<emphasis id="B905EAF9FF9DFFC8FB30F862FAE03B9A" box="[1233,1366,1955,1979]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="382">P. oualensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
of the Pacific Ocean comprise several species, some long-established, such as
<taxonomicName id="4C714D68FF9DFFC8FC2AF807FB5D3BFF" authority="Cuvier 1831" authorityName="Cuvier" authorityYear="1831" box="[971,1259,1989,2014]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Pempheridae" genus="Pempheris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="5" pageNumber="382" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="otaitensis">
<emphasis id="B905EAF9FF9DFFC8FC2AF807FBE53BFC" box="[971,1107,1990,2013]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="382">P. otaitensis</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFE04B1AFF9DFFC8FBBDF804FB5D3BFF" author="Cuvier" box="[1116,1259,1989,2014]" pageId="5" pageNumber="382" refString="Cuvier, G. (1831) Des Pempherides. In: Cuvier, G. &amp; Valenciennes, A. (Eds.), Histoire Naturelle des Poissons. Vol. 7. F. G. Levraut, Paris, i - xxix + pp. 1 - 53, pls. 170 - 208. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 7339" type="book chapter" year="1831">Cuvier 1831</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, and some new species which are being presently described by us.
<bibRefCitation id="EFE04B1AFF9EFFCBFD32FF56FC183C91" box="[723,942,151,176]" pageId="6" pageNumber="383" refString="Koeda, K., Yoshino, T., Imai, H. &amp; Tachihara, K. (2014). A review of the genus Pempheris (Perciformes, Pempheridae), with description of a new species. Zootaxa, 3793 (3), 301 - 330. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 3793.3.1" type="journal article">
Koeda
<emphasis id="B905EAF9FF9EFFCBFCC5FF58FCEA3C91" box="[804,860,152,176]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="383">et al.</emphasis>
(2014)
</bibRefCitation>
unwittingly included sequences of apparent
<taxonomicName id="4C714D68FF9EFFCBFF76FF7AFE943CF3" box="[151,290,187,210]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Pempheridae" genus="Pempheris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="6" pageNumber="383" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="otaitensis">
<emphasis id="B905EAF9FF9EFFCBFF76FF7AFE943CF3" box="[151,290,187,210]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="383">P. otaitensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from
<collectingCountry id="F366767BFF9EFFCBFE8DFF7BFD843CF2" box="[364,562,186,211]" name="French Polynesia" pageId="6" pageNumber="383">French Polynesia</collectingCountry>
in their phylogenetic tree (p. 308,
<figureCitation id="134A2A6EFF9EFFCBFC2FFF7BFBA23CF2" box="[974,1044,186,211]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="6.[151,250,1924,1946]" captionTargetBox="[251,1376,533,1889]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[188,1409,533,1917]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 2. The neighbor-joining phenetic tree of Pempheris following the Kimura two-parameter model (K 2 P) based on mtDNA COI generated by BOLD (Barcode of Life Database). The scale bar at left represents a 2 % sequence difference. Collection locations for specimens are indicated and GenBank accession numbers and collection data for the sequences in the tree are listed in Appendix 1." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/230618/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="383">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
) as
<taxonomicName id="4C714D68FF9EFFCBFBA8FF7AFB643CF2" box="[1097,1234,187,211]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Pempheridae" genus="Pempheris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="6" pageNumber="383" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="oualensis">
<emphasis id="B905EAF9FF9EFFCBFBA8FF7AFB643CF2" box="[1097,1234,187,211]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="383">P. oualensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(USNM 402187, 402188 and four uncatalogued USNM specimens from
<collectingCountry id="F366767BFF9EFFCBFCEFFF1CFC633CD7" box="[782,981,221,246]" name="French Polynesia" pageId="6" pageNumber="383">French Polynesia</collectingCountry>
; note that none of the six sequences are present on GenBank and the USNM catalog lists the collection location for USNM 402187, 402188 as Mohotane
<collectingCountry id="F366767BFF9EFFCBFF76FEE3FF683D1A" box="[151,222,290,315]" name="Iceland" pageId="6" pageNumber="383">Island</collectingCountry>
, Marquesas Islands, not Mururoa Atoll (Tuamotu Archipelago) as listed in their Appendix 2). Unfortunately, they added to the existing confusion regarding species designations and related sequence information in public databases by depositing in GenBank a sequence (
<accessionNumber id="9422AB08FF9EFFCBFD3BFEA6FCEF3DA1" box="[730,857,359,384]" httpUri="https://www.ebi.ac.uk/ena/browser/api/embl/AB773862" pageId="6" pageNumber="383">AB773862</accessionNumber>
) that is identical to their deposited sequences for “
<taxonomicName id="4C714D68FF9EFFCBFF42FE4AFEDB3D82" box="[163,365,395,419]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Pempheridae" genus="Pempheris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="6" pageNumber="383" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="adusta">
<emphasis id="B905EAF9FF9EFFCBFF42FE4AFEDB3D82" box="[163,365,395,419]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="383">Pempheris adusta</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
” (
<accessionNumber id="9422AB08FF9EFFCBFE66FE4BFDB23D82" box="[391,516,394,419]" httpUri="https://www.ebi.ac.uk/ena/browser/api/embl/AB702676" pageId="6" pageNumber="383">AB702676</accessionNumber>
and
<accessionNumber id="9422AB08FF9EFFCBFDDBFE4BFD013D82" box="[570,695,394,419]" httpUri="https://www.ebi.ac.uk/ena/browser/api/embl/AB702677" pageId="6" pageNumber="383">AB702677</accessionNumber>
) for nine specimens of “
<taxonomicName id="4C714D68FF9EFFCBFC2BFE4AFB1D3D82" box="[970,1195,395,419]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Pempheridae" genus="Pempheris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="6" pageNumber="383" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="mangula">
<emphasis id="B905EAF9FF9EFFCBFC2BFE4AFB1D3D82" box="[970,1195,395,419]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="383">Pempheris mangula</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
” (i.e.
<taxonomicName id="4C714D68FF9EFFCBFB11FE4AFA253D82" box="[1264,1427,395,419]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Pempheridae" genus="Pempheris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="6" pageNumber="383" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="rhomboidea">
<emphasis id="B905EAF9FF9EFFCBFB11FE4AFA253D82" box="[1264,1427,395,419]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="383">P. rhomboidea</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
) from the Mediterranean (HUJ 19999, HUJ 20099 (No.1–4) and SAIAB 81068 (No.1–4)). This is certainly not the sequence they used in their analysis of the partial 16S ribosomal DNA.
</paragraph>
<caption id="DF0E6663FF9EFFCBFF76F845FE0A3BD3" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/230618/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="383" targetBox="[251,1376,533,1889]" targetPageId="6">
<paragraph id="8BCE36EBFF9EFFCBFF76F845FE0A3BD3" blockId="6.[151,1437,1924,2034]" pageId="6" pageNumber="383">
<emphasis id="B905EAF9FF9EFFCBFF76F845FEA03BB8" bold="true" box="[151,278,1924,1946]" pageId="6" pageNumber="383">FIGURE 2.</emphasis>
The neighbor-joining phenetic tree of
<taxonomicName id="4C714D68FF9EFFCBFD50F845FCAB3BBB" box="[689,797,1924,1946]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Pempheridae" genus="Pempheris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="6" pageNumber="383" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B905EAF9FF9EFFCBFD50F845FCAB3BBB" box="[689,797,1924,1946]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="383">Pempheris</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
following the Kimura two-parameter model (K2P) based on mtDNA COI generated by BOLD (Barcode of Life Database). The scale bar at left represents a 2% sequence difference. Collection locations for specimens are indicated and GenBank accession numbers and collection data for the sequences in the tree are listed in Appendix 1.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8BCE36EBFF9FFFCAFF26FF56FE4B3DA1" blockId="7.[151,1437,151,627]" pageId="7" pageNumber="384">
These errors and misidentifications by
<bibRefCitation id="EFE04B1AFF9FFFCAFD99FF56FCE43C91" box="[632,850,151,176]" pageId="7" pageNumber="384" refString="Koeda, K., Yoshino, T., Imai, H. &amp; Tachihara, K. (2014). A review of the genus Pempheris (Perciformes, Pempheridae), with description of a new species. Zootaxa, 3793 (3), 301 - 330. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 3793.3.1" type="journal article">
Koeda
<emphasis id="B905EAF9FF9FFFCAFD26FF58FD493C91" box="[711,767,152,176]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="384">et al.</emphasis>
(2014)
</bibRefCitation>
, as well as the missed public DNA sequences for the
<typeStatus id="54CA8849FF9FFFCAFF76FF7AFF713CF2" box="[151,199,187,211]" pageId="7" pageNumber="384">type</typeStatus>
locality of
<taxonomicName id="4C714D68FF9FFFCAFEADFF7AFE7A3CF2" box="[332,460,187,211]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Pempheridae" genus="Pempheris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="7" pageNumber="384" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="mangula">
<emphasis id="B905EAF9FF9FFFCAFEADFF7AFE7A3CF2" box="[332,460,187,211]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="384">P. mangula</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(discussed below), highlight the risk of ignoring large databases such as the Barcode Database (BOLD), a frequent oversight by some using molecular taxonomy, who tend to focus on the gene marker they favor rather than the markers with the most complete or optimal data, or, ideally, sets of multiple markers, both nuclear and mitochondrial (Victor, in press).
<bibRefCitation id="EFE04B1AFF9FFFCAFD70FEE3FCDB3D1A" box="[657,877,290,315]" pageId="7" pageNumber="384" refString="Koeda, K., Yoshino, T., Imai, H. &amp; Tachihara, K. (2014). A review of the genus Pempheris (Perciformes, Pempheridae), with description of a new species. Zootaxa, 3793 (3), 301 - 330. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 3793.3.1" type="journal article">
Koeda
<emphasis id="B905EAF9FF9FFFCAFD03FEE2FCAD3D1A" box="[738,795,291,315]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="384">et al.</emphasis>
(2014)
</bibRefCitation>
used mostly sequences obtained from material in museums from
<collectingCountry id="F366767BFF9FFFCAFEA5FE87FE323D7C" box="[324,388,326,349]" name="Japan" pageId="7" pageNumber="384">Japan</collectingCountry>
and were apparently unaware of the public sequences in the COI database that would perhaps have changed their conclusions.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BCE36EBFF9FFFCAFF26FE4BFBEE3E52" blockId="7.[151,1437,151,627]" pageId="7" pageNumber="384">
<bibRefCitation id="EFE04B1AFF9FFFCAFF26FE4BFE163D82" box="[199,416,394,419]" pageId="7" pageNumber="384" refString="Koeda, K., Yoshino, T., Imai, H. &amp; Tachihara, K. (2014). A review of the genus Pempheris (Perciformes, Pempheridae), with description of a new species. Zootaxa, 3793 (3), 301 - 330. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 3793.3.1" type="journal article">
Koeda
<emphasis id="B905EAF9FF9FFFCAFEF6FE4AFEF93D82" box="[279,335,395,419]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="384">et al.</emphasis>
(2014)
</bibRefCitation>
did not note an error in the paper by
<bibRefCitation id="EFE04B1AFF9FFFCAFCDEFE4BFB903D82" box="[831,1062,394,419]" pageId="7" pageNumber="384" refString="Randall, J. E., Bogorodsky, S. V., Alpermann, T. J., Satapoomin, U., Mooi, R. D. &amp; Mal, A. O. (2013) Pempheris flavicycla, a new pempherid fish from the Indian Ocean, previously identified as P. vanicolensis Cuvier. Journal of the Ocean Science Foundation, 9, 1 - 23." type="journal article">
Randall
<emphasis id="B905EAF9FF9FFFCAFC7CFE4AFC633D82" box="[925,981,395,419]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="384">et al.</emphasis>
(2013)
</bibRefCitation>
describing
<taxonomicName id="4C714D68FF9FFFCAFB48FE4AFA223D82" box="[1193,1428,395,419]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Pempheridae" genus="Pempheris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="7" pageNumber="384" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="flavicycla">
<emphasis id="B905EAF9FF9FFFCAFB48FE4AFA223D82" box="[1193,1428,395,419]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="384">Pempheris flavicycla</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
; they might have questioned the lateral-line scale count of 57 given to a
<typeStatus id="54CA8849FF9FFFCAFC56FE6FFBB83DE7" box="[951,1038,430,454]" pageId="7" pageNumber="384" type="syntype">syntype</typeStatus>
of
<taxonomicName id="4C714D68FF9FFFCAFBD5FE6FFB6C3DE4" box="[1076,1242,429,453]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Pempheridae" genus="Pempheris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="7" pageNumber="384" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="vanicolensis">
<emphasis id="B905EAF9FF9FFFCAFBD5FE6FFB6C3DE4" box="[1076,1242,429,453]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="384">P. vanicolensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from the Pacific, when Table 6 of
<bibRefCitation id="EFE04B1AFF9FFFCAFE8AFE0EFDD23DC9" box="[363,612,463,488]" pageId="7" pageNumber="384" refString="Randall, J. E., Bogorodsky, S. V., Alpermann, T. J., Satapoomin, U., Mooi, R. D. &amp; Mal, A. O. (2013) Pempheris flavicycla, a new pempherid fish from the Indian Ocean, previously identified as P. vanicolensis Cuvier. Journal of the Ocean Science Foundation, 9, 1 - 23." type="journal article">
Randall
<emphasis id="B905EAF9FF9FFFCAFE2FFE10FDBB3DC9" box="[462,525,464,488]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="384">et al.</emphasis>
(2013)
</bibRefCitation>
shows that count fits very well in the range of
<taxonomicName id="4C714D68FF9FFFCAFB55FE10FAF43DC9" box="[1204,1346,464,488]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Pempheridae" genus="Pempheris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="7" pageNumber="384" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="flavicycla">
<emphasis id="B905EAF9FF9FFFCAFB55FE10FAF43DC9" box="[1204,1346,464,488]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="384">P. flavicycla</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, not
<emphasis id="B905EAF9FF9FFFCAFA66FE10FE9F3E2A" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="384">
<taxonomicName id="4C714D68FF9FFFCAFA66FE10FE933E2A" class="Actinopterygii" family="Pempheridae" genus="Pempheris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="7" pageNumber="384" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="vanicolensis">P. vanicolensis</taxonomicName>
.
</emphasis>
By explanation, Randall was sent on loan one of four
<typeStatus id="54CA8849FF9FFFCAFC79FE32FC4C3E2A" box="[920,1018,499,523]" pageId="7" pageNumber="384" type="syntype">syntypes</typeStatus>
of
<taxonomicName id="4C714D68FF9FFFCAFBC0FE32FB7F3E2A" box="[1057,1225,499,523]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Pempheridae" genus="Pempheris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="7" pageNumber="384" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="vanicolensis">
<emphasis id="B905EAF9FF9FFFCAFBC0FE32FB7F3E2A" box="[1057,1225,499,523]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="384">P. vanicolensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from the Múseum national d’Histoire naturelle in Paris in 1989. After noting that most of the scales are missing, he gave an approximate lateral-line scale count of 57, in actuality an undercount.
<bibRefCitation id="EFE04B1AFF9FFFCAFC5AFDF6FA993E71" author="Mooi" box="[955,1327,567,592]" pageId="7" pageNumber="384" refString="Mooi, R. D. &amp; Randall, J. E. (2014) Pempheris bexillon, a new species of sweeper (Teleostei: Pempheridae) from the Western Indian Ocean. Zootaxa, 3780 (2), 388 - 398. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 3780.2.10" type="journal article" year="2014">
Mooi &amp; Randall (2014:
<tableCitation id="C6F30350FF9FFFCAFB33FDF6FA923E71" box="[1234,1316,567,592]" captionStart="TABLE 1" captionStartId="1.[151,239,528,551]" captionText="TABLE 1. Anal Soft Ray Counts of Species of Pempheris from the Western Indian Ocean." pageId="7" pageNumber="384">Table 1</tableCitation>
)
</bibRefCitation>
correctly listed the lateral-line scale counts of the four
<typeStatus id="54CA8849FF9FFFCAFD71FD9AFD443E52" box="[656,754,603,627]" pageId="7" pageNumber="384" type="syntype">syntypes</typeStatus>
of
<taxonomicName id="4C714D68FF9FFFCAFCF6FD9AFC083E52" box="[791,958,603,627]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Pempheridae" genus="Pempheris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="7" pageNumber="384" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="vanicolensis">
<emphasis id="B905EAF9FF9FFFCAFCF6FD9AFC083E52" box="[791,958,603,627]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="384">P. vanicolensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
as 63 and 64.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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