273 lines
36 KiB
XML
273 lines
36 KiB
XML
<document id="5C47430D25CF95E93DA40C96B9719DEE" ID-DOI="10.4467/16890027AP.15.007.2732" ID-ISSN="1689-0027" ID-Zenodo-Dep="12638290" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="felipe" IM.illustrations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="GgImagineBatch" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatments_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1720037327487" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Thomsen, Helge A. & Østergaard, Jette B." docDate="2015" docId="03D8878EFFA7C570522FF9587AE7FE5F" docLanguage="en" docName="ActaProtozool.54.2.85-96.pdf" docOrigin="Acta Protozoologica 54 (2)" docSource="https://www.mendeley.com/catalogue/8583a3fc-c451-3f7e-8d46-3599e9c62572/" docStyle="DocumentStyle:64ABA4BEA387EE5C24A0DDEB32CC92E7.3:ActaProtozool.2014-.journal_article" docStyleId="64ABA4BEA387EE5C24A0DDEB32CC92E7" docStyleName="ActaProtozool.2014-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="3" docTitle="Trigonaspis melvillea Thomsen" docType="treatment" docVersion="2" lastPageNumber="94" masterDocId="FFE1FFF6FFA1C579511FFFE37A3DFB7E" masterDocTitle="Coccolithophorids in Polar Waters: Trigonaspis spp. Revisited" masterLastPageNumber="96" masterPageNumber="85" pageNumber="91" updateTime="1720040330477" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CC-BY-4.0">
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<mods:title id="26B03D8F5C1631FBB76C6E0E59F4173E">Coccolithophorids in Polar Waters: Trigonaspis spp. Revisited</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="E043ACF2D8221231BCD42DCFD663B240">Thomsen, Helge A.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="834770564DEC2EE6BB97A15519734C36">Østergaard, Jette B.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="24AA6638CF8853AFCDB033B4FF6BCAEF">Acta Protozoologica</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="FB677AF018942314318B1F4931E9242F">2015</mods:date>
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<mods:identifier id="5103A0BA43B72E4365485D3A17E17028" type="DOI">10.4467/16890027AP.15.007.2732</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="03D8878EFFA7C570522FF9587AE7FE5F" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03D8878EFFA7C570522FF9587AE7FE5F" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03D8878EFFA7C570522FF9587AE7FE5F" lastPageId="9" lastPageNumber="94" pageId="6" pageNumber="91">
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<subSubSection id="C36B6513FFA7C57F522FF9587F8AFDAB" box="[816,1463,1722,1749]" pageId="6" pageNumber="91" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8BCE3698FFA7C57F522FF9587F8AFDAB" blockId="6.[816,1463,1722,1749]" box="[816,1463,1722,1749]" pageId="6" pageNumber="91">
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<heading id="D08681F4FFA7C57F522FF9587F8AFDAB" box="[816,1463,1722,1749]" centered="true" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="6" pageNumber="91" reason="5">
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<emphasis id="B905EA8AFFA7C57F522FF9587F8AFDAB" bold="true" box="[816,1463,1722,1749]" pageId="6" pageNumber="91">
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<taxonomicName id="4C714D1BFFA7C57F522FF9587E99FDAB" authority="Thomsen" authorityName="Thomsen" box="[816,1188,1722,1749]" class="Coccolithophyceae" family="Papposphaeraceae" genus="Trigonaspis" kingdom="Chromista" order="Coccosphaerales" pageId="6" pageNumber="91" phylum="Haptophyta" rank="species" species="melvillea">
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<emphasis id="B905EA8AFFA7C57F522FF9587E10FDAB" bold="true" box="[816,1069,1722,1749]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="91">Trigonaspis melvillea</emphasis>
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Thomsen
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</taxonomicName>
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in
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<bibRefCitation id="EFE04B69FFA7C57F55D8F9587F8AFDAB" author="Thomsen H. A. & Buck K. R. & Coale S. L. & Garrison D. L." box="[1223,1463,1722,1749]" pageId="6" pageNumber="91" pagination="419 - 436" refId="ref6572" refString="Thomsen H. A., Buck K. R., Coale S. L., Garrison D. L., Gow- ing M. M. (1988) Nanoplanktonic coccolithophorids (Prymnesiophyceae, Haptophyceae) from the Weddell Sea, Antarctica. Nord. J. Bot. 8: 419 - 436" type="journal article" year="1988">
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Thomsen
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<emphasis id="B905EA8AFFA7C57F5420F9587F52FDAB" bold="true" box="[1343,1391,1722,1749]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="91">et al</emphasis>
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. 1988
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</bibRefCitation>
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</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C36B6513FFA7C5705249F90E7AE7FE5F" lastPageId="9" lastPageNumber="94" pageId="6" pageNumber="91" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="8BCE3698FFA7C57F5249F90E7E07FCEF" blockId="6.[816,1463,1773,1938]" pageId="6" pageNumber="91">
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This taxon was first described from the Weddell Sea,
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<collectingCountry id="F3667608FFA7C57F5277F8EC79D8FC57" box="[872,997,1807,1833]" name="Antarctica" pageId="6" pageNumber="91">Antarctica</collectingCountry>
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||
, based on material from the AMERIEZ cruise (
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<bibRefCitation id="EFE04B69FFA7C57F5296F8D17EB6FC32" author="Thomsen H. A. & Buck K. R. & Coale S. L. & Garrison D. L." box="[905,1163,1842,1868]" pageId="6" pageNumber="91" pagination="419 - 436" refId="ref6572" refString="Thomsen H. A., Buck K. R., Coale S. L., Garrison D. L., Gow- ing M. M. (1988) Nanoplanktonic coccolithophorids (Prymnesiophyceae, Haptophyceae) from the Weddell Sea, Antarctica. Nord. J. Bot. 8: 419 - 436" type="journal article" year="1988">
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Thomsen
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<emphasis id="B905EA8AFFA7C57F551CF8D07E7CFC32" box="[1027,1089,1842,1868]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="91">et al.</emphasis>
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1988
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</bibRefCitation>
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||
). The species is here re- examined based on supplementing Antarctic material (
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<collectionCode id="ED60AE5DFFA7C57F5227F89479BFFCEF" box="[824,898,1911,1937]" pageId="6" pageNumber="91">EPOS</collectionCode>
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and
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<collectionCode id="ED60AE5DFFA7C57F52A6F89B79C8FCEC" box="[953,1013,1912,1938]" country="0" name="Anguilla National Trust" pageId="6" pageNumber="91" type="Herbarium">ANT</collectionCode>
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X/3).
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</paragraph>
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<caption id="DF0E6610FFA6C57E5162FA7278E0FE85" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12638300" ID-Zenodo-Dep="12638300" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12638300/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="92" startId="7.[125,168,1425,1447]" targetBox="[121,1459,220,1387]" targetPageId="7" targetType="figure">
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<paragraph id="8BCE3698FFA6C57E5162FA7278E0FE85" blockId="7.[125,1455,1425,1531]" pageId="7" pageNumber="92">
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<emphasis id="B905EA8AFFA6C57E5162FA727ACCFED8" bold="true" box="[125,241,1425,1447]" pageId="7" pageNumber="92">Figs 12–16.</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName id="4C714D1BFFA6C57E51E5FA717BD5FED9" authorityName="Thomsen" authorityYear="1980" box="[250,488,1426,1447]" class="Coccolithophyceae" family="Papposphaeraceae" genus="Trigonaspis" kingdom="Chromista" order="Coccosphaerales" pageId="7" pageNumber="92" phylum="Haptophyta" rank="species" species="minutissima">
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<emphasis id="B905EA8AFFA6C57E51E5FA717BD5FED9" box="[250,488,1426,1447]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="92">Trigonaspis minutissima</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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. TEM whole mounts from West Greenland (Arctic Station).
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<emphasis id="B905EA8AFFA6C57E555BFA727E61FED8" bold="true" box="[1092,1116,1425,1446]" pageId="7" pageNumber="92">12</emphasis>
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– whole cell with partly detached coccoliths;
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<emphasis id="B905EA8AFFA6C57E51F4FA4E7B3EFEBC" bold="true" box="[235,259,1453,1474]" pageId="7" pageNumber="92">13</emphasis>
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– detail from Fig. 12 of flagellar pole coccoliths showing triangular crystallite groups and slender towers wreathed with 4–5 of these in a random transect;
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<emphasis id="B905EA8AFFA6C57E5080FA2A7B8AFEA0" bold="true" box="[415,439,1481,1502]" pageId="7" pageNumber="92">14</emphasis>
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– detail of body coccolith from the cell shown in Fig. 12;
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<emphasis id="B905EA8AFFA6C57E52F6FA2A7E3CFEA0" bold="true" box="[1001,1025,1481,1502]" pageId="7" pageNumber="92">15</emphasis>
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– detail of coccoliths from the cell shown in Fig. 16;
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<emphasis id="B905EA8AFFA6C57E51D2FA067AD8FE84" bold="true" box="[205,229,1509,1530]" pageId="7" pageNumber="92">16</emphasis>
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– whole cell with flagella and curled up haptonema.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<paragraph id="8BCE3698FFA6C57051BCF9B5787AF873" blockId="7.[125,771,1622,1926]" lastBlockId="9.[125,772,223,1313]" lastPageId="9" lastPageNumber="94" pageId="7" pageNumber="92">
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The appearance of the cell emphasizing appendages (flagella and haptonema) and the overall layout of the coccolith coverage is accounted for in
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<figureCitation id="134A2A1DFFA6C57E5355F97878C3FDCB" box="[586,766,1691,1717]" captionStart="Figs 17–23" captionStartId="8.[132,175,1750,1772]" captionTargetBox="[211,1397,220,1710]" captionTargetId="figure-7@8.[211,1397,220,1711]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="Figs 17–23. Trigonaspis melvillea. TEM whole mounts from the Weddell Sea, Antarctica. 17 – whole cell with flagella and a curled up haptonema positioned inside a corona of distinct flagellar pole coccoliths; 18 – complete cell with flagella and partly extended haptonema; 19 – detail of the distal termination of a flagellar pole coccolith (from Fig. 18); 20 – rimmed body coccoliths supporting densely packed layers of crystallite groups (from Fig. 18). Unmineralized under layer scales are pointed out; 21 – detail of unmineralized termination of flagellar pole coccolith. The still remaining organic matrix clearly reveals the triangular shape of a crystallite group; 22 – detail of body coccolith calcification. Notice that the triangles are united to form hexagonal rings; 23 – uncalcified specimen showing body coccolith base plates and under layer scales (arrows)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12638302" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12638302/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="92">Figs 17 and 18</figureCitation>
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. Numerical facts have been assembled in
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<tableCitation id="C6F30323FFA6C57E5349F95D7890FDA6" box="[598,685,1726,1752]" captionStart="Table 1" captionStartId="4.[124,177,426,449]" captionText="Table 1. Cell and coccolith dimensions of Trigonaspis spp. Notice that none of the measurements, e.g. cell diam., have been corrected for the transformation from a 3D to a 2D object that occurs to a variable degree during cell drying." pageId="7" pageNumber="92">Table 1</tableCitation>
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.
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<taxonomicName id="4C714D1BFFA6C57E53A5F95C7B06FD84" class="Coccolithophyceae" family="Papposphaeraceae" genus="Trigonaspis" kingdom="Chromista" order="Coccosphaerales" pageId="7" pageNumber="92" phylum="Haptophyta" rank="species" species="melvillea">
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<emphasis id="B905EA8AFFA6C57E53A5F95C7B06FD84" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="92">Trigonaspis melvillea</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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has dimorphic coccoliths, viz. a tuft of highly distinct spear-shaped flagellar pole coccoliths, and oval, disc-shaped body coccoliths elsewhere. Both
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<typeStatus id="54CA883AFFA6C57E5162F8AA7A86FC1D" box="[125,187,1865,1891]" pageId="7" pageNumber="92">types</typeStatus>
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of coccoliths are in accordance with the
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<taxonomicName id="4C714D1BFFA6C57E53A5F8AA7AF5FCFB" authorityName="Thomsen & Østergaard" authorityYear="2015" class="Coccolithophyceae" family="Papposphaeraceae" genus="Trigonaspis" kingdom="Chromista" order="Coccosphaerales" pageId="7" pageNumber="92" phylum="Haptophyta" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B905EA8AFFA6C57E53A5F8AA7AF5FCFB" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="92">Trigonaspis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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genus concept covered by triangular plates of crystallites. Whereas the triangles of both
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<taxonomicName id="4C714D1BFFA6C57E5406F9B47F8DFD0E" authorityName="Thomsen" authorityYear="1980" box="[1305,1456,1622,1648]" class="Coccolithophyceae" family="Papposphaeraceae" genus="Trigonaspis" kingdom="Chromista" order="Coccosphaerales" pageId="7" pageNumber="92" phylum="Haptophyta" rank="species" species="diskoensis">
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<emphasis id="B905EA8AFFA6C57E5406F9B47F8DFD0E" box="[1305,1456,1622,1648]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="92">T. diskoensis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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and
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<taxonomicName id="4C714D1BFFA6C57E5244F99A7E3BFDEC" authorityName="Thomsen" authorityYear="1980" box="[859,1030,1657,1682]" class="Coccolithophyceae" family="Papposphaeraceae" genus="Trigonaspis" kingdom="Chromista" order="Coccosphaerales" pageId="7" pageNumber="92" phylum="Haptophyta" rank="species" species="minutissima">
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<emphasis id="B905EA8AFFA6C57E5244F99A7E3BFDEC" box="[859,1030,1657,1682]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="92">T. minutissima</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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are generally found to have either a straight or a slightly concave edge, the situation is different in
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<taxonomicName id="4C714D1BFFA6C57E528EF95C7E24FDA6" box="[913,1049,1726,1752]" class="Coccolithophyceae" family="Papposphaeraceae" genus="Trigonaspis" kingdom="Chromista" order="Coccosphaerales" pageId="7" pageNumber="92" phylum="Haptophyta" rank="species" species="melvillea">
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<emphasis id="B905EA8AFFA6C57E528EF95C7E24FDA6" box="[913,1049,1726,1752]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="92">T. melvillea</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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where most triangles have slightly convex edges which endows the individual triangle with a roundish appearance (
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<figureCitation id="134A2A1DFFA6C57E5568F8E07F14FC63" box="[1143,1321,1795,1821]" captionStart="Figs 17–23" captionStartId="8.[132,175,1750,1772]" captionTargetBox="[211,1397,220,1710]" captionTargetId="figure-7@8.[211,1397,220,1711]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="Figs 17–23. Trigonaspis melvillea. TEM whole mounts from the Weddell Sea, Antarctica. 17 – whole cell with flagella and a curled up haptonema positioned inside a corona of distinct flagellar pole coccoliths; 18 – complete cell with flagella and partly extended haptonema; 19 – detail of the distal termination of a flagellar pole coccolith (from Fig. 18); 20 – rimmed body coccoliths supporting densely packed layers of crystallite groups (from Fig. 18). Unmineralized under layer scales are pointed out; 21 – detail of unmineralized termination of flagellar pole coccolith. The still remaining organic matrix clearly reveals the triangular shape of a crystallite group; 22 – detail of body coccolith calcification. Notice that the triangles are united to form hexagonal rings; 23 – uncalcified specimen showing body coccolith base plates and under layer scales (arrows)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12638302" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12638302/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="92">Figs 19, 20, 22</figureCitation>
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). However, when examining e.g. a decalcified specimen, as illustrated in
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<figureCitation id="134A2A1DFFA6C57E528FF8AB79D8FC1D" box="[912,997,1864,1891]" captionStart="Figs 17–23" captionStartId="8.[132,175,1750,1772]" captionTargetBox="[211,1397,220,1710]" captionTargetId="figure-7@8.[211,1397,220,1711]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="Figs 17–23. Trigonaspis melvillea. TEM whole mounts from the Weddell Sea, Antarctica. 17 – whole cell with flagella and a curled up haptonema positioned inside a corona of distinct flagellar pole coccoliths; 18 – complete cell with flagella and partly extended haptonema; 19 – detail of the distal termination of a flagellar pole coccolith (from Fig. 18); 20 – rimmed body coccoliths supporting densely packed layers of crystallite groups (from Fig. 18). Unmineralized under layer scales are pointed out; 21 – detail of unmineralized termination of flagellar pole coccolith. The still remaining organic matrix clearly reveals the triangular shape of a crystallite group; 22 – detail of body coccolith calcification. Notice that the triangles are united to form hexagonal rings; 23 – uncalcified specimen showing body coccolith base plates and under layer scales (arrows)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12638302" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12638302/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="92">Fig. 21</figureCitation>
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, it is very evident from the organic matrix remaining, that the basic geometry is a distinct triangular shape. The triangle edge length in
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<taxonomicName id="4C714D1BFFA8C5705366FF037939FB87" box="[633,772,223,249]" class="Coccolithophyceae" family="Papposphaeraceae" genus="Trigonaspis" kingdom="Chromista" order="Coccosphaerales" pageId="9" pageNumber="94" phylum="Haptophyta" rank="species" species="melvillea">
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||
<emphasis id="B905EA8AFFA8C5705366FF037939FB87" box="[633,772,223,249]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="94">T. melvillea</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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is markedly smaller than observed in both
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<taxonomicName id="4C714D1BFFA8C5705371FEE7793EFA63" authorityName="Thomsen" authorityYear="1980" box="[622,771,259,285]" class="Coccolithophyceae" family="Papposphaeraceae" genus="Trigonaspis" kingdom="Chromista" order="Coccosphaerales" pageId="9" pageNumber="94" phylum="Haptophyta" rank="species" species="diskoensis">
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<emphasis id="B905EA8AFFA8C5705371FEE7793EFA63" box="[622,771,259,285]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="94">T. diskoensis</emphasis>
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||
</taxonomicName>
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and
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<taxonomicName id="4C714D1BFFA8C57051AEFEC47B62FA3E" authorityName="Thomsen" authorityYear="1980" box="[177,351,295,320]" class="Coccolithophyceae" family="Papposphaeraceae" genus="Trigonaspis" kingdom="Chromista" order="Coccosphaerales" pageId="9" pageNumber="94" phylum="Haptophyta" rank="species" species="minutissima">
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<emphasis id="B905EA8AFFA8C57051AEFEC47B62FA3E" box="[177,351,295,320]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="94">T. minutissima</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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(see
|
||
<tableCitation id="C6F30323FFA8C57050BDFEC57BC6FA3E" box="[418,507,294,320]" captionStart="Table 1" captionStartId="4.[124,177,426,449]" captionText="Table 1. Cell and coccolith dimensions of Trigonaspis spp. Notice that none of the measurements, e.g. cell diam., have been corrected for the transformation from a 3D to a 2D object that occurs to a variable degree during cell drying." pageId="9" pageNumber="94">Table 1</tableCitation>
|
||
). The organization of triangles in the FPC is strictly pyramidal when examining the distal spear-shaped termination of the coccolith, while the shaft seems to be carrying triangles organized in the same helical pattern that has previously been described for both
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C714D1BFFA8C570505BFE3B7BE1FA8F" authorityName="Thomsen" authorityYear="1980" box="[324,476,471,497]" class="Coccolithophyceae" family="Papposphaeraceae" genus="Trigonaspis" kingdom="Chromista" order="Coccosphaerales" pageId="9" pageNumber="94" phylum="Haptophyta" rank="species" species="diskoensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B905EA8AFFA8C570505BFE3B7BE1FA8F" box="[324,476,471,497]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="94">T. diskoensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C714D1BFFA8C5705306FE3B78F8FA8F" authorityName="Thomsen" authorityYear="1980" box="[537,709,472,497]" class="Coccolithophyceae" family="Papposphaeraceae" genus="Trigonaspis" kingdom="Chromista" order="Coccosphaerales" pageId="9" pageNumber="94" phylum="Haptophyta" rank="species" species="minutissima">
|
||
<emphasis id="B905EA8AFFA8C5705306FE3B78F8FA8F" box="[537,709,472,497]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="94">T. minutissima</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. The organization of triangles on a BC deviates in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C714D1BFFA8C570538BFE1F7A9CF946" class="Coccolithophyceae" family="Papposphaeraceae" genus="Trigonaspis" kingdom="Chromista" order="Coccosphaerales" pageId="9" pageNumber="94" phylum="Haptophyta" rank="species" species="melvillea">
|
||
<emphasis id="B905EA8AFFA8C570538BFE1F7A9CF946" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="94">T. melvillea</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from the concentric and closely abutted layout that characterizes both
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C714D1BFFA8C5705043FDA07BCEF922" authorityName="Thomsen" authorityYear="1980" box="[348,499,578,604]" class="Coccolithophyceae" family="Papposphaeraceae" genus="Trigonaspis" kingdom="Chromista" order="Coccosphaerales" pageId="9" pageNumber="94" phylum="Haptophyta" rank="species" species="diskoensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B905EA8AFFA8C5705043FDA07BCEF922" box="[348,499,578,604]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="94">T. diskoensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C714D1BFFA8C5705331FDA078E6F922" authorityName="Thomsen" authorityYear="1980" box="[558,731,579,604]" class="Coccolithophyceae" family="Papposphaeraceae" genus="Trigonaspis" kingdom="Chromista" order="Coccosphaerales" pageId="9" pageNumber="94" phylum="Haptophyta" rank="species" species="minutissima">
|
||
<emphasis id="B905EA8AFFA8C5705331FDA078E6F922" box="[558,731,579,604]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="94">T. minutissima</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. In
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C714D1BFFA8C5705162FD857B3BF901" box="[125,262,613,639]" class="Coccolithophyceae" family="Papposphaeraceae" genus="Trigonaspis" kingdom="Chromista" order="Coccosphaerales" pageId="9" pageNumber="94" phylum="Haptophyta" rank="species" species="melvillea">
|
||
<emphasis id="B905EA8AFFA8C5705162FD857B3BF901" box="[125,262,613,639]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="94">T. melvillea</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
the triangles are thus organized in an open mesh structure comprising interwoven pentagonal (see
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE04B69FFA8C5705162FD4F7B47F9B8" author="Thomsen H. A. & Buck K. R. & Coale S. L. & Garrison D. L." box="[125,378,684,710]" pageId="9" pageNumber="94" pagination="419 - 436" refId="ref6572" refString="Thomsen H. A., Buck K. R., Coale S. L., Garrison D. L., Gow- ing M. M. (1988) Nanoplanktonic coccolithophorids (Prymnesiophyceae, Haptophyceae) from the Weddell Sea, Antarctica. Nord. J. Bot. 8: 419 - 436" type="journal article" year="1988">
|
||
Thomsen
|
||
<emphasis id="B905EA8AFFA8C57051EBFD4E7B0FF9B8" box="[244,306,684,710]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="94">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
1988
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, l.c. Fig. 29) or hexagonal rings (
|
||
<figureCitation id="134A2A1DFFA8C570519AFD2C7AD9F994" box="[133,228,719,746]" captionStart="Figs 17–23" captionStartId="8.[132,175,1750,1772]" captionTargetBox="[211,1397,220,1710]" captionTargetId="figure-7@8.[211,1397,220,1711]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="Figs 17–23. Trigonaspis melvillea. TEM whole mounts from the Weddell Sea, Antarctica. 17 – whole cell with flagella and a curled up haptonema positioned inside a corona of distinct flagellar pole coccoliths; 18 – complete cell with flagella and partly extended haptonema; 19 – detail of the distal termination of a flagellar pole coccolith (from Fig. 18); 20 – rimmed body coccoliths supporting densely packed layers of crystallite groups (from Fig. 18). Unmineralized under layer scales are pointed out; 21 – detail of unmineralized termination of flagellar pole coccolith. The still remaining organic matrix clearly reveals the triangular shape of a crystallite group; 22 – detail of body coccolith calcification. Notice that the triangles are united to form hexagonal rings; 23 – uncalcified specimen showing body coccolith base plates and under layer scales (arrows)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12638302" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12638302/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="94">Fig. 22</figureCitation>
|
||
). Unmineralized under layer scales are fre- quently observed (e.g.
|
||
<figureCitation id="134A2A1DFFA8C5705096FD107807F873" box="[393,570,755,781]" captionStart="Figs 17–23" captionStartId="8.[132,175,1750,1772]" captionTargetBox="[211,1397,220,1710]" captionTargetId="figure-7@8.[211,1397,220,1711]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="Figs 17–23. Trigonaspis melvillea. TEM whole mounts from the Weddell Sea, Antarctica. 17 – whole cell with flagella and a curled up haptonema positioned inside a corona of distinct flagellar pole coccoliths; 18 – complete cell with flagella and partly extended haptonema; 19 – detail of the distal termination of a flagellar pole coccolith (from Fig. 18); 20 – rimmed body coccoliths supporting densely packed layers of crystallite groups (from Fig. 18). Unmineralized under layer scales are pointed out; 21 – detail of unmineralized termination of flagellar pole coccolith. The still remaining organic matrix clearly reveals the triangular shape of a crystallite group; 22 – detail of body coccolith calcification. Notice that the triangles are united to form hexagonal rings; 23 – uncalcified specimen showing body coccolith base plates and under layer scales (arrows)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12638302" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12638302/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="94">Figs 20 and 23</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="DF0E6610FFA9C571519BF9357BC8FCED" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12638302" ID-Zenodo-Dep="12638302" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12638302/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="93" startId="8.[132,175,1750,1772]" targetBox="[211,1397,220,1710]" targetPageId="8" targetType="figure">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BCE3698FFA9C571519BF9357BC8FCED" blockId="8.[132,1463,1750,1940]" pageId="8" pageNumber="93">
|
||
<emphasis id="B905EA8AFFA9C571519BF9357AC5FD95" bold="true" box="[132,248,1750,1772]" pageId="8" pageNumber="93">Figs 17–23.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C714D1BFFA9C571501FF9347BEFFD95" box="[256,466,1750,1772]" class="Coccolithophyceae" family="Papposphaeraceae" genus="Trigonaspis" kingdom="Chromista" order="Coccosphaerales" pageId="8" pageNumber="93" phylum="Haptophyta" rank="species" species="melvillea">
|
||
<emphasis id="B905EA8AFFA9C571501FF9347BEFFD95" box="[256,466,1750,1772]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="93">Trigonaspis melvillea</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. TEM whole mounts from the Weddell Sea, Antarctica.
|
||
<emphasis id="B905EA8AFFA9C57152E2F9357E28FD95" bold="true" box="[1021,1045,1750,1771]" pageId="8" pageNumber="93">17</emphasis>
|
||
– whole cell with flagella and a curled up haptonema positioned inside a corona of distinct flagellar pole coccoliths;
|
||
<emphasis id="B905EA8AFFA9C5715250F911795AFC79" bold="true" box="[847,871,1778,1799]" pageId="8" pageNumber="93">18</emphasis>
|
||
– complete cell with flagella and partly extended haptonema;
|
||
<emphasis id="B905EA8AFFA9C571519BF8ED7AA1FC5D" bold="true" box="[132,156,1806,1827]" pageId="8" pageNumber="93">19</emphasis>
|
||
– detail of the distal termination of a flagellar pole coccolith (from Fig. 18);
|
||
<emphasis id="B905EA8AFFA9C571528FF8ED7995FC5D" bold="true" box="[912,936,1806,1827]" pageId="8" pageNumber="93">20</emphasis>
|
||
– rimmed body coccoliths supporting densely packed layers of crystallite groups (from Fig. 18). Unmineralized under layer scales are pointed out;
|
||
<emphasis id="B905EA8AFFA9C571550DF8C97E17FC41" bold="true" box="[1042,1066,1834,1855]" pageId="8" pageNumber="93">21</emphasis>
|
||
– detail of unmineralized termination of flagellar pole coccolith. The still remaining organic matrix clearly reveals the triangular shape of a crystallite group;
|
||
<emphasis id="B905EA8AFFA9C57155E3F8A57F29FC25" bold="true" box="[1276,1300,1862,1883]" pageId="8" pageNumber="93">22</emphasis>
|
||
– detail of body coccolith calcification. Notice that the triangles are united to form hexagonal rings;
|
||
<emphasis id="B905EA8AFFA9C57152BCF8817986FC09" bold="true" box="[931,955,1890,1911]" pageId="8" pageNumber="93">23</emphasis>
|
||
– uncalcified specimen showing body coccolith base plates and under layer scales (arrows).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BCE3698FFA8C57051BCFCF57B75FFA4" blockId="9.[125,772,223,1313]" pageId="9" pageNumber="94">
|
||
So far there is no evidence for life history events implicating a phase shift between the holococcolithophorid
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C714D1BFFA8C57051CBFCBD7B5DF809" box="[212,352,861,887]" class="Coccolithophyceae" family="Papposphaeraceae" genus="Trigonaspis" kingdom="Chromista" order="Coccosphaerales" pageId="9" pageNumber="94" phylum="Haptophyta" rank="species" species="melvillea">
|
||
<emphasis id="B905EA8AFFA8C57051CBFCBD7B5DF809" box="[212,352,861,887]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="94">T. melvillea</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and a species from the heterococcolithophorid genus
|
||
<emphasis id="B905EA8AFFA8C570506DFC62782EF8E4" box="[370,531,897,922]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="94">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C714D1BFFA8C570506DFC627832F8E4" authorityName="Manton and Oates" authorityYear="1975" box="[370,527,897,922]" class="Coccolithophyceae" family="Papposphaeraceae" genus="Pappomonas" kingdom="Chromista" order="Coccosphaerales" pageId="9" pageNumber="94" phylum="Haptophyta" rank="genus">Pappomonas</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
Two candidate species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C714D1BFFA8C57051C5FC467B4EF8C0" authorityName="Manton and Oates" authorityYear="1975" box="[218,371,933,958]" class="Coccolithophyceae" family="Papposphaeraceae" genus="Pappomonas" kingdom="Chromista" order="Coccosphaerales" pageId="9" pageNumber="94" phylum="Haptophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B905EA8AFFA8C57051C5FC467B4EF8C0" box="[218,371,933,958]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="94">Pappomonas</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
occur (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE04B69FFA8C57050CCFC477AF5F89F" author="Thomsen H. A. & Ostergaard J. B." pageId="9" pageNumber="94" pagination="233 - 254" refId="ref6740" refString="Thomsen H. A., Ostergaard J. B. (2014 b) Cocolithophorids in polar waters: Pappomonas spp. revisited. Acta Protozool. 53: 233 - 254" type="journal article" year="2014">Thomsen and Østergaard 2014b</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) within the geographic realm of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C714D1BFFA8C570535CFC2B78F6F89F" box="[579,715,967,993]" class="Coccolithophyceae" family="Papposphaeraceae" genus="Trigonaspis" kingdom="Chromista" order="Coccosphaerales" pageId="9" pageNumber="94" phylum="Haptophyta" rank="species" species="melvillea">
|
||
<emphasis id="B905EA8AFFA8C570535CFC2B78F6F89F" box="[579,715,967,993]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="94">T. melvillea</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, viz.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C714D1BFFA8C5705162FC0F7B94FF7B" authority="Thomsen" authorityName="Thomsen" box="[125,425,1003,1029]" class="Coccolithophyceae" family="Papposphaeraceae" genus="Pappomonas" kingdom="Chromista" order="Coccosphaerales" pageId="9" pageNumber="94" phylum="Haptophyta" rank="species" species="weddellensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B905EA8AFFA8C5705162FC0F7B0EFF7B" box="[125,307,1003,1029]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="94">P. weddellensis</emphasis>
|
||
Thomsen
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE04B69FFA8C57050CBFC0878F2FF7B" author="Thomsen H. A. & Buck K. R. & Coale S. L. & Garrison D. L." box="[468,719,1003,1029]" pageId="9" pageNumber="94" pagination="419 - 436" refId="ref6572" refString="Thomsen H. A., Buck K. R., Coale S. L., Garrison D. L., Gow- ing M. M. (1988) Nanoplanktonic coccolithophorids (Prymnesiophyceae, Haptophyceae) from the Weddell Sea, Antarctica. Nord. J. Bot. 8: 419 - 436" type="journal article" year="1988">
|
||
Thomsen
|
||
<emphasis id="B905EA8AFFA8C5705353FC0F78B7FF7B" box="[588,650,1003,1029]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="94">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
1988
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C714D1BFFA8C5705162FBEC78A0FF56" authority="Thomsen and Ostergaard 2014 b" authorityName="Thomsen and Ostergaard" authorityYear="2014" baseAuthorityName="HOL" box="[125,669,1037,1065]" class="Coccolithophyceae" family="Papposphaeraceae" genus="Pappomonas" kingdom="Chromista" order="Coccosphaerales" pageId="9" pageNumber="94" phylum="Haptophyta" rank="species" species="garrisonii">
|
||
<emphasis id="B905EA8AFFA8C5705162FBEC7B2CFF56" box="[125,273,1039,1064]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="94">P. garrisonii</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE04B69FFA8C5705004FBED78A0FF56" author="Thomsen H. A. & Ostergaard J. B." box="[283,669,1037,1065]" pageId="9" pageNumber="94" pagination="233 - 254" refId="ref6740" refString="Thomsen H. A., Ostergaard J. B. (2014 b) Cocolithophorids in polar waters: Pappomonas spp. revisited. Acta Protozool. 53: 233 - 254" type="journal article" year="2014">Thomsen and Østergaard 2014b</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. It is ar- gued below that
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C714D1BFFA8C5705057FBD07BE1FF32" authorityName="Thomsen and Ostergaard" authorityYear="2014" baseAuthorityName="HOL" box="[328,476,1075,1100]" class="Coccolithophyceae" family="Papposphaeraceae" genus="Pappomonas" kingdom="Chromista" order="Coccosphaerales" pageId="9" pageNumber="94" phylum="Haptophyta" rank="species" species="garrisonii">
|
||
<emphasis id="B905EA8AFFA8C5705057FBD07BE1FF32" box="[328,476,1075,1100]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="94">P. garrisonii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
enters into a shared life history with an undescribed
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C714D1BFFA8C57050CDFBB578B5FF0E" box="[466,648,1110,1136]" class="Coccolithophyceae" family="Papposphaeraceae" genus="Trigonaspis" kingdom="Chromista" order="Coccosphaerales" pageId="9" pageNumber="94" phylum="Haptophyta" rank="species" species="undetermined">
|
||
<emphasis id="B905EA8AFFA8C57050CDFBB57860FF11" box="[466,605,1110,1135]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="94">Trigonaspis</emphasis>
|
||
sp.
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
that deviates markedly from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C714D1BFFA8C570506EFB9A7BC0FFED" box="[369,509,1145,1171]" class="Coccolithophyceae" family="Papposphaeraceae" genus="Trigonaspis" kingdom="Chromista" order="Coccosphaerales" pageId="9" pageNumber="94" phylum="Haptophyta" rank="species" species="melvillea">
|
||
<emphasis id="B905EA8AFFA8C570506EFB9A7BC0FFED" box="[369,509,1145,1171]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="94">T. melvillea</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, thus leaving
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C714D1BFFA8C57053B5FB9A7AD9FFC8" class="Coccolithophyceae" family="Papposphaeraceae" genus="Pappomonas" kingdom="Chromista" order="Coccosphaerales" pageId="9" pageNumber="94" phylum="Haptophyta" rank="species" species="weddellensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B905EA8AFFA8C57053B5FB9A7AD9FFC8" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="94">P. weddellensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
as a strong candidate for sharing a life history with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C714D1BFFA8C57051A7FB237B7CFFA7" box="[184,321,1215,1241]" class="Coccolithophyceae" family="Papposphaeraceae" genus="Trigonaspis" kingdom="Chromista" order="Coccosphaerales" pageId="9" pageNumber="94" phylum="Haptophyta" rank="species" species="melvillea">
|
||
<emphasis id="B905EA8AFFA8C57051A7FB237B7CFFA7" box="[184,321,1215,1241]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="94">T. melvillea</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BCE3698FFA8C57051BCFB007AE7FE5F" blockId="9.[125,772,223,1313]" pageId="9" pageNumber="94">
|
||
Biogeographical data on
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C714D1BFFA8C57050D6FB07786FFF83" box="[457,594,1251,1277]" class="Coccolithophyceae" family="Papposphaeraceae" genus="Trigonaspis" kingdom="Chromista" order="Coccosphaerales" pageId="9" pageNumber="94" phylum="Haptophyta" rank="species" species="melvillea">
|
||
<emphasis id="B905EA8AFFA8C57050D6FB07786FFF83" box="[457,594,1251,1277]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="94">T. melvillea</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is presented in
|
||
<tableCitation id="C6F30323FFA8C5705162FAE57AEAFE5F" box="[125,215,1286,1313]" captionStart="Table 2" captionStartId="5.[124,180,1063,1084]" captionText="Table 2. Biogeographical data for species of Pappomonas and Trigonaspis. The question mark in front of T. minutissima and T. melvillea refers to the lack of formal evidence linking these taxa with P. borealis and P. weddellensis respectively. Type localities are indicated by using bold face." pageId="9" pageNumber="94">Table 2</tableCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |