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<document id="15E16DA74E2E1781BEC479B38241D901" ID-CLB-Dataset="4328" ID-DOI="10.1080/00222933.2021.1893402" ID-GBIF-Dataset="47b16375-a4b6-4faa-a92e-bcf3ba4ee889" ID-ISSN="1464-5262" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5463948" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1630915312453" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Lucena, Rudá Amorim" docDate="2021" docId="03D0D73F577DFFF5B9CE2B78FD72F44E" docLanguage="en" docName="JNATHIST.55.1-2.61-66.pdf" docOrigin="Journal of Natural History 55 (1 - 2)" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00222933.2021.1893402" docStyle="DocumentStyle:3C762F9783B768A90048B82ACD135A62.3:JNatHist.2017-.journal_article.0cover" docStyleId="3C762F9783B768A90048B82ACD135A62" docStyleName="JNatHist.2017-.journal_article.0cover" docStyleVersion="3" docTitle="Pycnogonum gibberum du Bois-Reymond Marcus and Marcus 1962" docType="treatment" docVersion="6" lastPageNumber="65" masterDocId="FFE9AF47577CFFF1B9332A44FF9CF10D" masterDocTitle="Discovery and re-description of the holotype of Pycnogonum gibberum (Pycnogonida: Pycnogonidae)" masterLastPageNumber="66" masterPageNumber="61" pageNumber="62" updateTime="1699290903650" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CLOSED">
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<mods:title id="02B991197A615A84CDD3231CAC89EEF3">Discovery and re-description of the holotype of Pycnogonum gibberum (Pycnogonida: Pycnogonidae)</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="9EAD7D9B85B46BF36F37BE2413101C3C">2021</mods:date>
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<treatment id="03D0D73F577DFFF5B9CE2B78FD72F44E" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5496864" ID-GBIF-Taxon="187204204" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5496864" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03D0D73F577DFFF5B9CE2B78FD72F44E" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03D0D73F577DFFF5B9CE2B78FD72F44E" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="65" pageId="1" pageNumber="62">
<subSubSection id="C36335A2577DFFF0B9CE2B78FBB9F05B" box="[253,1061,316,342]" pageId="1" pageNumber="62" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8BC66629577DFFF0B9CE2B78FBB9F05B" blockId="1.[253,1061,316,376]" box="[253,1061,316,342]" pageId="1" pageNumber="62">
<heading id="D08ED145577DFFF0B9CE2B78FBB9F05B" box="[253,1061,316,342]" centered="true" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="1" pageNumber="62" reason="5">
<taxonomicName id="4C791DAA577DFFF0B9CE2B78FBB9F05B" ID-CoL="4QMG2" authority="du Bois-Reymond Marcus and Marcus, 1962" authorityName="du Bois-Reymond Marcus and Marcus" authorityYear="1962" box="[253,1061,316,342]" class="Pycnogonida" family="Pycnogonidae" genus="Pycnogonum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pantopoda" pageId="1" pageNumber="62" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="gibberum">
<emphasis id="B90DBA3B577DFFF0B9CE2B78FD86F05B" bold="true" box="[253,538,316,342]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="62">Pycnogonum gibberum</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFE81BD8577DFFF0BB112B78FBB9F05B" author="du Bois-Reymond Marcus E &amp; Marcus E" box="[546,1061,316,342]" pageId="1" pageNumber="62" pagination="3 - 9" refId="ref2369" refString="du Bois-Reymond Marcus E, Marcus E. 1962. A new Pycnogonum from Brazil. Bolm Inst Oceanogr. 12 (3): 3 - 9. doi: 10.1590 / S 0373 - 55241962000300001." type="journal article" year="1962">du Bois-Reymond Marcus and Marcus, 1962</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</heading>
</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="C36335A2577DFFF0BB1D2B1AFD6AF075" box="[558,758,350,376]" pageId="1" pageNumber="62" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BC66629577DFFF0BB1D2B1AFD6AF075" blockId="1.[253,1061,316,376]" box="[558,758,350,376]" pageId="1" pageNumber="62">
(
<figureCitation id="13427AAC577DFFF0BB052B1AFD34F075" box="[566,680,350,376]" captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="2.[160,225,1583,1606]" captionTargetBox="[163,1153,142,1550]" captionTargetId="figure-9@2.[163,1153,142,1551]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="Figure 1. Pycnogonum gibberum (MZUSP–016 ♂), holotype: (a), habitus dorsal; (b), habitus lateral; (c), oviger; (d), first leg; (e), propodus. Scale bars (in mm): (a, b), 1; (c), 0.5; (d), 0.25, details of (d), 0.1; (e). 0.4, detail of (e), 0.1." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5463950" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5463950/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="62">Figs 1A–E</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="13427AAC577DFFF0BB9E2B1AFD72F075" box="[685,750,350,376]" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="3.[160,225,934,957]" captionTargetBox="[162,1152,142,903]" captionTargetId="figure-245@3.[162,1152,142,903]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="Figure 2. Pycnogonum gibberum (MZUSP–016 ♂), holotype: (a), habitus dorsal; (b), habitus lateral; (c), oviger; (d), propodus." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5463952" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5463952/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="62">2A–D</figureCitation>
)
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C36335A2577DFFF0B9932BD7FC8FF0FF" pageId="1" pageNumber="62" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="8BC66629577DFFF0B9932BD7FC8FF0FF" blockId="1.[160,1156,403,498]" pageId="1" pageNumber="62">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB694107577DFFF0B9932BD7FC8FF0FF" pageId="1" pageNumber="62">
<treatmentCitation id="0AD84038577DFFF0B9932BD7FC5AF0A1" author="du Bois-Reymond Marcus E &amp; Marcus E" box="[160,966,403,428]" page="3" pageId="1" pageNumber="62" year="1962">
<taxonomicName id="4C791DAA577DFFF0B9932BD7FC5AF0A1" ID-CoL="4QMG2" authority="du Bois-Reymond Marcus &amp; Marcus, 1962, p. 3" authorityName="du Bois-Reymond Marcus &amp; Marcus" authorityPageNumber="3" authorityYear="1962" box="[160,966,403,428]" class="Pycnogonida" family="Pycnogonidae" genus="Pycnogonum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pantopoda" pageId="1" pageNumber="62" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="gibberum">
<emphasis id="B90DBA3B577DFFF0B9932BD7FE3CF0A1" box="[160,416,403,428]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="62">Pycnogonum gibberum</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFE81BD8577DFFF0B8992BD7FC14F0A1" author="du Bois-Reymond Marcus E &amp; Marcus E" box="[426,904,403,428]" pageId="1" pageNumber="62" pagination="3 - 9" refId="ref2369" refString="du Bois-Reymond Marcus E, Marcus E. 1962. A new Pycnogonum from Brazil. Bolm Inst Oceanogr. 12 (3): 3 - 9. doi: 10.1590 / S 0373 - 55241962000300001." type="journal article" year="1962">du Bois-Reymond Marcus &amp; Marcus, 1962</bibRefCitation>
, p. 3
</taxonomicName>
</treatmentCitation>
, figs 1–5;
<treatmentCitation id="0AD84038577DFFF0BD0F2BD7FEB6F0C2" author="Muller HG" page="286" pageId="1" pageNumber="62" year="1993">
<bibRefCitation id="EFE81BD8577DFFF0BD0F2BD7FF4BF0C2" author="Muller HG" pageId="1" pageNumber="62" refId="ref2523" refString="Muller HG. 1993. World catalogue and bibliography of the recent Pycnogonida. Wetzlar: Wiss Verlag." type="book" year="1993">Müller 1993</bibRefCitation>
, p. 286
</treatmentCitation>
;
<treatmentCitation id="0AD84038577DFFF0B8062BF2FD80F0C2" author="Bamber RN" box="[309,540,438,463]" page="818" pageId="1" pageNumber="62" year="2008">
<bibRefCitation id="EFE81BD8577DFFF0B8062BF2FE55F0C2" author="Bamber RN" box="[309,457,438,463]" pageId="1" pageNumber="62" pagination="815 - 819" refId="ref2327" refString="Bamber RN. 2008. A new species of Pycnogonum (Arthropoda: Pycnogonida: Pycnogonidae) from Hong Kong. J Nat Hist. 42 (9 - 12): 815 - 819. doi: 10.1080 / 00222930701850463." type="journal article" year="2008">Bamber 2008</bibRefCitation>
, p. 818
</treatmentCitation>
;
<treatmentCitation id="0AD84038577DFFF0BB142BF2FC76F0C2" author="Lucena RA &amp; Christoffersen ML" box="[551,1002,438,463]" page="114" pageId="1" pageNumber="62" year="2018">
<bibRefCitation id="EFE81BD8577DFFF0BB142BF2FC0BF0C2" author="Lucena RA &amp; Christoffersen ML" box="[551,919,438,463]" pageId="1" pageNumber="62" pagination="101 - 122" refId="ref2458" refString="Lucena RA, Christoffersen ML. 2018 a. An annotated checklist of Brazilian sea spiders (Arthropoda: Pycnogonida). Zootaxa. 4370 (2): 101 - 122. doi: 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4370.2.1." type="journal article" year="2018">Lucena and Christoffersen 2018a</bibRefCitation>
, p. 114
</treatmentCitation>
, 2018b, p. 95.
<taxonomicName id="4C791DAA577DFFF0B9932B9DFDBEF0FF" ID-CoL="4QMG2" authorityName="du Bois-Reymond Marcus &amp; Marcus" authorityYear="1962" box="[160,546,473,498]" class="Pycnogonida" family="Pycnogonidae" genus="Pycnogonum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pantopoda" pageId="1" pageNumber="62" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="gibberum" subGenus="Retroviger">
<emphasis id="B90DBA3B577DFFF0B9932B9DFEB2F0FF" box="[160,302,473,498]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="62">Pycnogonum</emphasis>
(
<emphasis id="B90DBA3B577DFFF0B80E2B9DFE37F0FF" box="[317,427,473,498]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="62">Retroviger</emphasis>
)
<emphasis id="B90DBA3B577DFFF0B8892B9DFDBEF0FF" box="[442,546,473,498]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="62">gibberum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
–
<treatmentCitation id="0AD84038577DFFF0BB0D2B9DFC93F0FF" author="Stock JH" box="[574,783,473,498]" page="136" pageId="1" pageNumber="62" year="1992">
<bibRefCitation id="EFE81BD8577DFFF0BB0D2B9DFD26F0FF" author="Stock JH" box="[574,698,473,498]" pageId="1" pageNumber="62" pagination="113 - 140" refId="ref2594" refString="Stock JH. 1992. Pycnogonida from southern Brazil. Tijdschrift Voor Entomologie. 135: 113 - 140." type="journal article" year="1992">Stock 1992</bibRefCitation>
, p. 136
</treatmentCitation>
.
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C36335A2577DFFF0B9932867FE45F38F" pageId="1" pageNumber="62" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="8BC66629577DFFF0B9932867FEE3F330" blockId="1.[160,1155,547,642]" box="[160,383,547,573]" pageId="1" pageNumber="62">
<emphasis id="B90DBA3B577DFFF0B9932867FEE3F330" bold="true" box="[160,383,547,573]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="62">Material examined</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BC66629577DFFF0B9932803FE45F38F" blockId="1.[160,1155,547,642]" pageId="1" pageNumber="62">
<materialsCitation id="3B116C74577DFFF0B9932803FE45F38F" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3343272301" collectingDate="1961-03-23" collectionCode="MZUSP" collectorName="de Santos" country="Brazil" elevation="32" location="Laje de Santos" municipality="Secao de Necton." pageId="1" pageNumber="62" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-male="1" stateProvince="Sao Paulo" typeStatus="holotype">
<typeStatus id="54C2D88B577DFFF0B9932803FE9BF36D" box="[160,263,583,608]" pageId="1" pageNumber="62" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
– (
<collectionCode id="ED68FEEC577DFFF0B8192803FE1DF36D" box="[298,385,583,608]" country="Brazil" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/6yx0-3nm7" name="Museu de Zoologia da Universidade de Sao Paulo" pageId="1" pageNumber="62">MZUSP</collectionCode>
–016)
<specimenCount id="9D7FADA0577DFFF0B8F02803FE71F353" box="[451,493,583,608]" pageId="1" pageNumber="62" type="male">1 ♂</specimenCount>
,
<date id="FFC740E9577DFFF0B8C92803FDF0F36D" box="[506,620,583,608]" pageId="1" pageNumber="62" value="1961-03-23">
<collectingDate id="EF83B901577DFFF0B8C92803FDF0F36D" box="[506,620,583,608]" pageId="1" pageNumber="62" value="1961-03-23">23.iii.1961</collectingDate>
</date>
, Est. 16,
<location id="8EA630F2577DFFF0BBFC2803FCEBF36D" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03D0D73F577DFFF5B9CE2B78FD72F44E:8EA630F2577DFFF0BBFC2803FCEBF36D" box="[719,887,583,608]" country="Brazil" municipality="Secao de Necton." name="Laje de Santos" pageId="1" pageNumber="62" stateProvince="Sao Paulo">
Laje
<collectorName id="268C03FF577DFFF0BA372803FCEBF36D" box="[772,887,583,608]" pageId="1" pageNumber="62">de Santos</collectorName>
</location>
,
<collectingRegion id="49BDA8CB577DFFF0BAB22803FC6FF36D" box="[897,1011,583,608]" country="Brazil" name="Sao Paulo" pageId="1" pageNumber="62">São Paulo</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingCountry id="F36E26B9577DFFF0BACC2803FBA2F36D" box="[1023,1086,583,608]" name="Brazil" pageId="1" pageNumber="62">Brazil</collectingCountry>
,
<quantity id="4C81CBCC577DFFF0BD7B2803FF47F38F" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.15" metricValueMax="3.2" metricValueMin="3.1" pageId="1" pageNumber="62" unit="m" value="31.5" valueMax="32.0" valueMin="31.0">
<elevation id="0054811A577DFFF0BD7B2803FF47F38F" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.15" metricValueMax="3.2" metricValueMin="3.1" pageId="1" pageNumber="62" unit="m" value="31.5" valueMax="32.0" valueMin="31.0">31 to 32 m</elevation>
</quantity>
, col.
<collectingMunicipality id="6BA2FC53577DFFF0B827282DFE45F38F" box="[276,473,617,642]" pageId="1" pageNumber="62">Seção de Necton.</collectingMunicipality>
</materialsCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C36335A2577DFFF0B99328F7FF6DF2CD" pageId="1" pageNumber="62" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="8BC66629577DFFF0B99328F7FE88F3C0" blockId="1.[160,1156,691,960]" box="[160,276,691,717]" pageId="1" pageNumber="62">
<emphasis id="B90DBA3B577DFFF0B99328F7FE88F3C0" bold="true" box="[160,276,691,717]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="62">Diagnosis</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BC66629577DFFF0B9932893FF6DF2CD" blockId="1.[160,1156,691,960]" pageId="1" pageNumber="62">Trunk with reticular ornamentation, completely segmented. Tubercles elongated at the distal margin of segments 1 to 3, and a short tubercle in segment 4. Lateral processes contiguous, lateral process 1 with two tubercles, 2 and 3 with three tubercles, and 4 with a dorsal tubercle. Proboscis conical, 2/3 of trunk length. Oviger with eight articles and one terminal claw. Legs with small irregular bifid setae concentrated mainly on the ventral region of tibia 2, tarsus and propodus. Terminal claw almost half propodus length.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C36335A2577DFFF2B99329B5FD96F7A3" lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="64" pageId="1" pageNumber="62" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BC66629577DFFF0B99329B5FEBAF506" blockId="1.[160,1156,1009,1728]" box="[160,294,1009,1035]" pageId="1" pageNumber="62">
<emphasis id="B90DBA3B577DFFF0B99329B5FEBAF506" bold="true" box="[160,294,1009,1035]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="62">Description</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BC66629577DFFF0B9932E51FE4DF4C3" blockId="1.[160,1156,1009,1728]" pageId="1" pageNumber="62">
Trunk robust, reticular ornamentation in the cuticle, covered with small papillae and sparse setae, completely segmented. Elongated tubercles at distal margin of segments 1 to 3, taller than the ocular tubercle and with small setae distributed along their length, slightly facing forward and with a rounded apex. Segment 4 with a very small tubercle near the base of the abdomen (
<figureCitation id="13427AAC577DFFF0BBDC2EDBFCC6F5B5" box="[751,858,1183,1208]" captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="2.[160,225,1583,1606]" captionTargetBox="[163,1153,142,1550]" captionTargetId="figure-9@2.[163,1153,142,1551]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="Figure 1. Pycnogonum gibberum (MZUSP–016 ♂), holotype: (a), habitus dorsal; (b), habitus lateral; (c), oviger; (d), first leg; (e), propodus. Scale bars (in mm): (a, b), 1; (c), 0.5; (d), 0.25, details of (d), 0.1; (e). 0.4, detail of (e), 0.1." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5463950" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5463950/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="62">Figures 1</figureCitation>
(a,b) and 2(a,b)). Lateral processes contiguous, with dorsal tubercles, median ones being largest. Lateral process 1 with one median and one posterior tubercle, lateral processes 2 and 3 with one anterior, one median and one posterior tubercle, lateral process 4 only with one median tubercle. Proboscis approximately 2/3 of the length of the trunk, conic. Anterior half slightly curved downwards, anterior margin slightly dilated, approximately 1/3 of the width of the proboscis base. Ocular tubercle short and rounded. Four median eyes. Abdomen facing backwards, widened at the distal margin, with one dorsal-distal tubercle.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BC66629577DFFF0B9F32F93FE06F776" blockId="1.[160,1156,1009,1728]" pageId="1" pageNumber="62">
Oviger with eight articles and one terminal claw. Articles 1, 2 and 3 wider than long, being the smallest articles. Article 3 with one small ventral seta. Article 4 with one dorsal seta. Articles 4, 5 and 6 longest, article 5 being slightly larger than the others. Article 8 with three small spines in the ventral region. Terminal claw about 4/5 of the length of article 8 (
<figureCitation id="13427AAC577DFFF0B99B2C26FE96F776" box="[168,266,1634,1659]" captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="2.[160,225,1583,1606]" captionTargetBox="[163,1153,142,1550]" captionTargetId="figure-9@2.[163,1153,142,1551]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="Figure 1. Pycnogonum gibberum (MZUSP–016 ♂), holotype: (a), habitus dorsal; (b), habitus lateral; (c), oviger; (d), first leg; (e), propodus. Scale bars (in mm): (a, b), 1; (c), 0.5; (d), 0.25, details of (d), 0.1; (e). 0.4, detail of (e), 0.1." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5463950" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5463950/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="62">Figures 1</figureCitation>
(c) and 2(c)).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BC66629577DFFF2B9F32CC1FD5FF484" blockId="1.[160,1156,1009,1728]" lastBlockId="3.[160,1157,1045,1417]" lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="64" pageId="1" pageNumber="62">
Legs robust, with small tubercles along their length and small irregular bifid setae, sparsely on all the articles (
<figureCitation id="13427AAC577DFFF0BB042CE3FD09F7CD" box="[567,661,1703,1728]" captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="2.[160,225,1583,1606]" captionTargetBox="[163,1153,142,1550]" captionTargetId="figure-9@2.[163,1153,142,1551]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="Figure 1. Pycnogonum gibberum (MZUSP–016 ♂), holotype: (a), habitus dorsal; (b), habitus lateral; (c), oviger; (d), first leg; (e), propodus. Scale bars (in mm): (a, b), 1; (c), 0.5; (d), 0.25, details of (d), 0.1; (e). 0.4, detail of (e), 0.1." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5463950" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5463950/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="62">Figure 1</figureCitation>
(d)). Coxa 1 broader than the length and wider than the other coxae, with three dorsal tubercles, median tubercle more robust. Coxa 2 narrower and longer than coxa 1, with two dorsal tubercles. Coxa 3 smaller and narrower than the coxa 1 and 2. Femur as the longest major article, slightly longer than tibia 1. Femur with more setae than the other articles, distal region with one bifid tubercle and apical seta. Tibia 1 distally dilated, with one terminal seta. Tibia 2 about 5/8 of the length of tibia 1. Tarsus small and trapezoid. Propodus slightly shorter than tibia 2 and tarsus combined. Tibia 2, tarsus and propodus with many bifid setae concentrated in the ventral region. Propodus setae with proportionally more elongated bifurcation than the setae of the other leg articles (
<figureCitation id="13427AAC577FFFF2B8372F09FEF0F46B" box="[260,364,1357,1382]" captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="2.[160,225,1583,1606]" captionTargetBox="[163,1153,142,1550]" captionTargetId="figure-9@2.[163,1153,142,1551]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="Figure 1. Pycnogonum gibberum (MZUSP–016 ♂), holotype: (a), habitus dorsal; (b), habitus lateral; (c), oviger; (d), first leg; (e), propodus. Scale bars (in mm): (a, b), 1; (c), 0.5; (d), 0.25, details of (d), 0.1; (e). 0.4, detail of (e), 0.1." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5463950" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5463950/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="64">Figures 1</figureCitation>
(e) and 2(d)). Terminal claw slightly curved, almost half the length of the propodus. Genital pores not observed.
</paragraph>
<caption id="DF0636A1577EFFF3B9932C6BFEF7F78D" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5463950" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5463950" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5463950/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="63" startId="2.[160,225,1583,1606]" targetBox="[163,1153,142,1550]" targetPageId="2">
<paragraph id="8BC66629577EFFF3B9932C6BFEF7F78D" blockId="2.[160,1156,1583,1664]" pageId="2" pageNumber="63">
<emphasis id="B90DBA3B577EFFF3B9932C6BFF66F74B" bold="true" box="[160,250,1583,1606]" pageId="2" pageNumber="63">Figure 1.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C791DAA577EFFF3B8332C6BFE41F74B" authorityName="du Bois-Reymond Marcus &amp; Marcus" authorityYear="1962" box="[256,477,1583,1606]" class="Pycnogonida" family="Pycnogonidae" genus="Pycnogonum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pantopoda" pageId="2" pageNumber="63" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="gibberum">
<emphasis id="B90DBA3B577EFFF3B8332C6BFE41F74B" box="[256,477,1583,1606]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="63">Pycnogonum gibberum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(MZUSP–016 ♂), holotype: (a), habitus dorsal; (b), habitus lateral; (c), oviger; (d), first leg; (e), propodus. Scale bars (in mm): (a, b), 1; (c), 0.5; (d), 0.25, details of (d), 0.1; (e). 0.4, detail of (e), 0.1.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="DF0636A1577FFFF2B99329E2FEEAF2D6" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5463952" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5463952" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5463952/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="64" startId="3.[160,225,934,957]" targetBox="[162,1152,142,903]" targetPageId="3">
<paragraph id="8BC66629577FFFF2B99329E2FEEAF2D6" blockId="3.[160,1156,934,987]" pageId="3" pageNumber="64">
<emphasis id="B90DBA3B577FFFF2B99329E2FF65F2B0" bold="true" box="[160,249,934,957]" pageId="3" pageNumber="64">Figure 2.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C791DAA577FFFF2B83329E2FE41F2B0" authorityName="du Bois-Reymond Marcus &amp; Marcus" authorityYear="1962" box="[256,477,934,957]" class="Pycnogonida" family="Pycnogonidae" genus="Pycnogonum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pantopoda" pageId="3" pageNumber="64" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="gibberum">
<emphasis id="B90DBA3B577FFFF2B83329E2FE41F2B0" box="[256,477,934,957]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="64">Pycnogonum gibberum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(MZUSP–016 ♂), holotype: (a), habitus dorsal; (b), habitus lateral; (c), oviger; (d), propodus.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8BC66629577FFFF2B9932F80FDBEF4D3" blockId="3.[160,1156,1476,1710]" box="[160,546,1476,1502]" pageId="3" pageNumber="64">
<emphasis id="B90DBA3B577FFFF2B9932F80FDBEF4D3" bold="true" box="[160,546,1476,1502]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="64">
Measurements of
<typeStatus id="54C2D88B577FFFF2B8472F80FE40F4D3" box="[372,476,1476,1502]" pageId="3" pageNumber="64" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
(mm)
</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BC66629577FFFF2B9932FACFD96F7A3" blockId="3.[160,1156,1476,1710]" pageId="3" pageNumber="64">Length of trunk (measured from the anterior margin of the cephalic segment to distal margin of the lateral process 4), 3.22; trunk width (across second lateral processes), 2.11; length of abdomen, 0.83; length of proboscis, 1.94; length of oviger, 1.24; length of oviger articles (first to eighth), 0.07, 0.09, 0.07, 0.18, 0.24, 0.18, 0.13, 0.12; terminal claw, 0.16; third leg – coxa 1, 0.47; coxa 2, 0.60; coxa 3, 0.57; femur, 1.2; tibia 1, 1.12; tibia 2, 0.7; tarsus, 0.27; propodus, 0.82; main claw, 0.32.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C36335A25778FFF5B9932ACAFC10F058" pageId="4" pageNumber="65" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="8BC666295778FFF5B9932ACAFEB0F1A5" blockId="4.[160,1155,142,237]" box="[160,300,142,168]" pageId="4" pageNumber="65">
<emphasis id="B90DBA3B5778FFF5B9932ACAFEB0F1A5" bold="true" box="[160,300,142,168]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="65">Distribution</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BC666295778FFF5B9932AF6FDD1F1E0" blockId="4.[160,1155,142,237]" pageId="4" pageNumber="65">
<collectingCountry id="F36E26B95778FFF5B9932AF6FF43F1C6" box="[160,223,178,203]" name="Brazil" pageId="4" pageNumber="65">Brazil</collectingCountry>
: off
<collectingRegion id="49BDA8CB5778FFF5B83E2AF6FEE7F1C6" box="[269,379,178,203]" country="Brazil" name="Sao Paulo" pageId="4" pageNumber="65">São Paulo</collectingRegion>
(Laje de Santos),
<collectingRegion id="49BDA8CB5778FFF5BB0C2AF6FD40F1C6" box="[575,732,178,203]" country="Brazil" name="Rio de Janeiro" pageId="4" pageNumber="65">Rio de Janeiro</collectingRegion>
and
<collectingRegion id="49BDA8CB5778FFF5BA262AF6FC33F1C6" box="[789,943,178,203]" country="Brazil" name="Espirito Santo" pageId="4" pageNumber="65">Espírito Santo</collectingRegion>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFE81BD85778FFF5BA8E2AF6FE25F1E0" author="du Bois-Reymond Marcus E &amp; Marcus E" pageId="4" pageNumber="65" pagination="3 - 9" refId="ref2369" refString="du Bois-Reymond Marcus E, Marcus E. 1962. A new Pycnogonum from Brazil. Bolm Inst Oceanogr. 12 (3): 3 - 9. doi: 10.1590 / S 0373 - 55241962000300001." type="journal article" year="1962">du Bois-Reymond Marcus and Marcus 1962</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="EFE81BD85778FFF5B8F62A90FDDDF1E0" author="Stock JH" box="[453,577,212,237]" pageId="4" pageNumber="65" pagination="113 - 140" refId="ref2594" refString="Stock JH. 1992. Pycnogonida from southern Brazil. Tijdschrift Voor Entomologie. 135: 113 - 140." type="journal article" year="1992">Stock 1992</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BC666295778FFF5B9932B5DFF74F03E" blockId="4.[160,908,281,341]" box="[160,232,281,307]" pageId="4" pageNumber="65">
<emphasis id="B90DBA3B5778FFF5B9932B5DFF74F03E" bold="true" box="[160,232,281,307]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="65">Depth</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BC666295778FFF5B9932B78FC10F058" blockId="4.[160,908,281,341]" box="[160,908,316,341]" pageId="4" pageNumber="65">
<quantity id="4C81CBCC5778FFF5B9932B78FE9EF058" box="[160,258,316,341]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.4" metricValueMax="5.6" metricValueMin="3.2" pageId="4" pageNumber="65" unit="m" value="44.0" valueMax="56.0" valueMin="32.0">32–56 m</quantity>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFE81BD85778FFF5B8232B78FD6BF058" author="du Bois-Reymond Marcus E &amp; Marcus E" box="[272,759,316,341]" pageId="4" pageNumber="65" pagination="3 - 9" refId="ref2369" refString="du Bois-Reymond Marcus E, Marcus E. 1962. A new Pycnogonum from Brazil. Bolm Inst Oceanogr. 12 (3): 3 - 9. doi: 10.1590 / S 0373 - 55241962000300001." type="journal article" year="1962">du Bois-Reymond Marcus and Marcus 1962</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="EFE81BD85778FFF5BA372B78FCE3F058" author="Stock JH" box="[772,895,316,341]" pageId="4" pageNumber="65" pagination="113 - 140" refId="ref2594" refString="Stock JH. 1992. Pycnogonida from southern Brazil. Tijdschrift Voor Entomologie. 135: 113 - 140." type="journal article" year="1992">Stock 1992</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C36335A25778FFF5B9932BC5FD72F44E" pageId="4" pageNumber="65" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="8BC666295778FFF5B9932BC5FE9AF096" blockId="4.[160,1157,385,1347]" box="[160,262,385,411]" pageId="4" pageNumber="65">
<emphasis id="B90DBA3B5778FFF5B9932BC5FE9AF096" bold="true" box="[160,262,385,411]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="65">Remarks</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BC666295778FFF5B9932BE0FBDDF28D" blockId="4.[160,1157,385,1347]" pageId="4" pageNumber="65">
Three main differences were observed between the original description and the analysed specimen. The first was the number of articles in the oviger. Although
<bibRefCitation id="EFE81BD85778FFF5BA8C2B83FE23F30E" author="du Bois-Reymond Marcus E &amp; Marcus E" pageId="4" pageNumber="65" pagination="3 - 9" refId="ref2369" refString="du Bois-Reymond Marcus E, Marcus E. 1962. A new Pycnogonum from Brazil. Bolm Inst Oceanogr. 12 (3): 3 - 9. doi: 10.1590 / S 0373 - 55241962000300001." type="journal article" year="1962">du Bois-Reymond Marcus and Marcus (1962)</bibRefCitation>
illustrated eight articles, they cited the presence of seven articles plus the terminal claw. In the analysed
<typeStatus id="54C2D88B5778FFF5BB662848FD26F328" box="[597,698,524,549]" pageId="4" pageNumber="65" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
, I observed the presence of eight articles plus the terminal claw, in addition to three small setae in the ventral region of the article 8, which were not previously described. The second difference concerned the shape of the proboscis, which was illustrated as having a swelling close to the base. However, I observed it to be conical, without such a swelling. Moreover, the mouth region had a slight swelling and a width that was approximately 1/3 of the width of the base of the proboscis, while in the original description the mouth region had slightly narrower than half the length of the base (40–45%). Finally, I observed the presence of bifurcated setae not only in the propodus, but also along the whole leg, with a slight difference between these setae. While the setae on the propodus have a more evident bifurcation (with almost half the length of the seta), those of the leg have a smaller bifurcation (with 1/3 of the length of the seta).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BC666295778FFF5B9F329CEFD72F44E" blockId="4.[160,1157,385,1347]" pageId="4" pageNumber="65">
These characteristics bring
<taxonomicName id="4C791DAA5778FFF5B8C929CEFDE3F2AE" authorityName="du Bois-Reymond Marcus &amp; Marcus" authorityYear="1962" box="[506,639,906,931]" class="Pycnogonida" family="Pycnogonidae" genus="Pycnogonum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pantopoda" pageId="4" pageNumber="65" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="gibberum">
<emphasis id="B90DBA3B5778FFF5B8C929CEFDE3F2AE" box="[506,639,906,931]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="65">P. gibberum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
morphologically even closer to
<taxonomicName id="4C791DAA5778FFF5BAC029CEFE17F2CB" authority="Stock, 1966" authorityName="Stock" authorityYear="1966" class="Pycnogonida" family="Pycnogonidae" genus="Pycnogonum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pantopoda" pageId="4" pageNumber="65" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="elephas">
<emphasis id="B90DBA3B5778FFF5BAC029CEFF68F2CB" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="65">Pycnogonum elephas</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFE81BD85778FFF5B83129E9FE17F2CB" author="Stock JH" box="[258,395,941,966]" pageId="4" pageNumber="65" pagination="385 - 406" refId="ref2542" refString="Stock JH. 1966. 4. Pycnogonida. Campagne de la &quot; Calypso &quot; au large des cotes atlantiques de l'Amerique du sud (1961 - 62). Resultats Scientifiques de la Campagne de la Calypso, 7. Annales de l'Institut Oceanographique. 44: 385 - 406." type="journal article" year="1966">Stock, 1966</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
. These are two sympatric species, despite the uncertain typelocation of
<taxonomicName id="4C791DAA5778FFF5B81C298BFE39F2E5" authorityName="Stock" authorityYear="1966" box="[303,421,975,1000]" class="Pycnogonida" family="Pycnogonidae" genus="Pycnogonum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pantopoda" pageId="4" pageNumber="65" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="elephas">
<emphasis id="B90DBA3B5778FFF5B81C298BFE39F2E5" box="[303,421,975,1000]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="65">P. elephas</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
‘between
<collectingRegion id="49BDA8CB5778FFF5BB19298BFD45F2E5" box="[554,729,975,1000]" country="Brazil" name="Rio de Janeiro" pageId="4" pageNumber="65">Rio de Janeiro</collectingRegion>
and Rio de la Plata’ (
<bibRefCitation id="EFE81BD85778FFF5BAC3298BFBEAF2E5" author="Stock JH" box="[1008,1142,975,1000]" pageId="4" pageNumber="65" pagination="385 - 406" refId="ref2542" refString="Stock JH. 1966. 4. Pycnogonida. Campagne de la &quot; Calypso &quot; au large des cotes atlantiques de l'Amerique du sud (1961 - 62). Resultats Scientifiques de la Campagne de la Calypso, 7. Annales de l'Institut Oceanographique. 44: 385 - 406." type="journal article" year="1966">Stock 1966</bibRefCitation>
). Despite their great similarity, they can be distinguished by their size and the proboscis, which is thinner and more elongated (larger than the trunk) in
<taxonomicName id="4C791DAA5778FFF5BAA62E51FB9BF523" authorityName="Stock" authorityYear="1966" box="[917,1031,1045,1070]" class="Pycnogonida" family="Pycnogonidae" genus="Pycnogonum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pantopoda" pageId="4" pageNumber="65" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="elephas">
<emphasis id="B90DBA3B5778FFF5BAA62E51FB9BF523" box="[917,1031,1045,1070]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="65">P. elephas</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
; the ornamental pattern in the lateral processes and coxae 1, with only one dorsal tubercle in the lateral processes and no tubercles in the coxae in
<taxonomicName id="4C791DAA5778FFF5BA322E1EFCE8F57E" authorityName="Stock" authorityYear="1966" box="[769,884,1114,1139]" class="Pycnogonida" family="Pycnogonidae" genus="Pycnogonum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pantopoda" pageId="4" pageNumber="65" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="elephas">
<emphasis id="B90DBA3B5778FFF5BA322E1EFCE8F57E" box="[769,884,1114,1139]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="65">P. elephas</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
; and the shape of the tubercles of the trunk, which are thinner and slightly pointed in
<taxonomicName id="4C791DAA5778FFF5BA882E39FBB3F59B" authorityName="Stock" authorityYear="1966" box="[955,1071,1149,1174]" class="Pycnogonida" family="Pycnogonidae" genus="Pycnogonum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pantopoda" pageId="4" pageNumber="65" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="elephas">
<emphasis id="B90DBA3B5778FFF5BA882E39FBB3F59B" box="[955,1071,1149,1174]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="65">P. elephas</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. When analysing specimens of
<taxonomicName id="4C791DAA5778FFF5B8872EDBFD4DF5B5" authority=", Stock (1992)" authorityName="Stock" authorityYear="1992" box="[436,721,1183,1208]" class="Pycnogonida" family="Pycnogonidae" genus="Pycnogonum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pantopoda" pageId="4" pageNumber="65" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="giberrum">
<emphasis id="B90DBA3B5778FFF5B8872EDBFDA9F5B5" box="[436,565,1183,1208]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="65">P. giberrum</emphasis>
,
<bibRefCitation id="EFE81BD85778FFF5BB702EDBFD4DF5B5" author="Stock JH" box="[579,721,1183,1208]" pageId="4" pageNumber="65" pagination="113 - 140" refId="ref2594" refString="Stock JH. 1992. Pycnogonida from southern Brazil. Tijdschrift Voor Entomologie. 135: 113 - 140." type="journal article" year="1992">Stock (1992)</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
proposed that both species could be distinguished by the presence of an ‘oviger with seven (or eight?) joints in the males in
<taxonomicName id="4C791DAA5778FFF5B9932EA1FEBFF5F3" authorityName="du Bois-Reymond Marcus &amp; Marcus" authorityYear="1962" box="[160,291,1253,1278]" class="Pycnogonida" family="Pycnogonidae" genus="Pycnogonum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pantopoda" pageId="4" pageNumber="65" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="gibberum">
<emphasis id="B90DBA3B5778FFF5B9932EA1FEBFF5F3" box="[160,291,1253,1278]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="65">P. gibberum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
’, and its complete absence in
<taxonomicName id="4C791DAA5778FFF5BB462EA1FD7EF5F3" authorityName="Stock" authorityYear="1966" box="[629,738,1253,1278]" class="Pycnogonida" family="Pycnogonidae" genus="Pycnogonum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pantopoda" pageId="4" pageNumber="65" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="elephas">
<emphasis id="B90DBA3B5778FFF5BB462EA1FD7EF5F3" box="[629,738,1253,1278]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="65">P. elephas</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. We did not have access to
<taxonomicName id="4C791DAA5778FFF5BD252EA1FB1FF5F3" authorityName="Stock" authorityYear="1966" box="[1046,1155,1253,1278]" class="Pycnogonida" family="Pycnogonidae" genus="Pycnogonum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pantopoda" pageId="4" pageNumber="65" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="elephas">
<emphasis id="B90DBA3B5778FFF5BD252EA1FB1FF5F3" box="[1046,1155,1253,1278]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="65">P. elephas</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
specimens to confirm this information (only via the literature), but we can state that the male of
<taxonomicName id="4C791DAA5778FFF5B9CD2F6EFE1FF44E" authorityName="du Bois-Reymond Marcus &amp; Marcus" authorityYear="1962" box="[254,387,1322,1347]" class="Pycnogonida" family="Pycnogonidae" genus="Pycnogonum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pantopoda" pageId="4" pageNumber="65" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="gibberum">
<emphasis id="B90DBA3B5778FFF5B9CD2F6EFE1FF44E" box="[254,387,1322,1347]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="65">P. gibberum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has eight articles in the oviger.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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