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<document id="4798D47CF216302D8E217725904D8F02" ID-CLB-Dataset="29145" ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.1455810" ID-GBIF-Dataset="43c8d0da-a5c7-426c-aa50-b6aeaaf91e60" ID-Zenodo-Dep="1455810" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatments_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1539202501232" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Aubrey G. Scarbrough &amp; Daniel E. Perez-Gelabert" docDate="2009" docId="03CD2B50FFD6677A0FACFC69FE5A89D6" docLanguage="en" docName="zt01994p066.pdf.imf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 1994" docStyle="DocumentStyle:D239614CE4198176A422035174489AB1.4:Zootaxa.2009-2012.monograph" docStyleId="D239614CE4198176A422035174489AB1" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2009-2012.monograph" docStyleVersion="4" docTitle="Efferia" docType="treatment" docVersion="8" lastPageNumber="64" masterDocId="FFF45328FFE867450F3BFFD6FFB88F30" masterDocTitle="Review of the West Indian species of Efferia Coquillett (Diptera: Asilidae) with 13 new species and checklist: Part II. Hispaniola, Puerto Rico, and Lesser Antilles including Tobago and Trinidad" masterLastPageNumber="66" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="63" updateTime="1698573874695" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:title id="8716BD3039D23EA8A3624C645FFFC0DA">Review of the West Indian species of Efferia Coquillett (Diptera: Asilidae) with 13 new species and checklist: Part II. Hispaniola, Puerto Rico, and Lesser Antilles including Tobago and Trinidad</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:namePart id="5F63A0DF82C77F73AA8AD0797094E1F2">Aubrey G. Scarbrough</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
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<mods:roleTerm id="E18DB4488552E3173ADBE97AAAFF1DAC">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="1F435F646EE43E5E84C40DD1599FE52C">Daniel E. Perez-Gelabert</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
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<mods:date id="1D5A75F7B8225703F43342565159AB25">2009</mods:date>
<mods:detail id="6578529202DD289869CB8C53EC743AB0" type="pubDate">
<mods:number id="E9ED2DCD0A5F9FBE8AC0149881B66A1B">2009-02-04</mods:number>
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<mods:detail id="41D2DD30C6417844E3996AFB7F6D1E83" type="volume">
<mods:number id="B9F9D86460A07CEC94D448E8BC59E80B">1994</mods:number>
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<mods:classification id="96B89E15520AE6BEE79247BB93127628">journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier id="55DB11E02DF01A520AAC6FB1CA9C818D" type="CLB-Dataset">29145</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="551E76BFF6E4F47E7F3508D9671C1BFB" type="DOI">10.5281/zenodo.1455810</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="03CD2B50FFD6677A0FACFC69FE5A89D6" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6222264" ID-GBIF-Taxon="148683048" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6222264" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03CD2B50FFD6677A0FACFC69FE5A89D6" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03CD2B50FFD6677A0FACFC69FE5A89D6" lastPageId="63" lastPageNumber="64" pageId="62" pageNumber="63">
<subSubSection id="C37EC9CDFFD6677B0FACFC69FE8B8CE9" box="[151,307,959,985]" pageId="62" pageNumber="63" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8BDB9A46FFD6677B0FACFC69FE8B8CE9" blockId="62.[151,420,959,1020]" box="[151,307,959,985]" pageId="62" pageNumber="63">
<heading id="D0932D2AFFD6677B0FACFC69FE8B8CE9" bold="true" box="[151,307,959,985]" fontSize="11" level="5" pageId="62" pageNumber="63" reason="6">
<emphasis id="B9104654FFD6677B0FACFC69FE8B8CE9" bold="true" box="[151,307,959,985]" pageId="62" pageNumber="63">
<taxonomicName id="4C64E1C5FFD6677B0FACFC69FF558CE9" ID-CoL="9CJHW" box="[151,237,959,985]" class="Insecta" family="Asilidae" genus="Efferia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="62" pageNumber="63" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B9104654FFD6677B0FACFC69FF558CE9" bold="true" box="[151,237,959,985]" italics="true" pageId="62" pageNumber="63">Efferia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp. C
</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C37EC9CDFFD6677A0FACFC34FB8F8FE8" lastPageId="63" lastPageNumber="64" pageId="62" pageNumber="63" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BDB9A46FFD6677B0FACFC34FE1C8CCC" blockId="62.[151,420,959,1020]" box="[151,420,994,1020]" pageId="62" pageNumber="63">
<figureCitation id="135F86C3FFD6677B0FACFC34FEF98CCC" box="[151,321,994,1020]" captionStart="FIGURES 130–131" captionStartId="63.[151,269,1086,1110]" captionTargetBox="[167,1411,379,1027]" captionTargetId="figure@63.[152,1435,237,1073]" captionTargetPageId="63" captionText="FIGURES 130–131. Efferia sp. C. Female terminalia, lateral view: 130. Ovipositor; 131. Lateral spermatheca." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1455864/files/figure.png" pageId="62" pageNumber="63">Figs. 130–131</figureCitation>
,
<tableCitation id="C6E6AFFDFFD6677B0E76FC34FE1C8CCC" box="[333,420,994,1020]" captionStart="TABLE 1" captionStartId="8.[151,239,151,175]" captionText="TABLE 1. Check list of Efferia Coquillett from the West Indies." pageId="62" pageNumber="63">Table 1</tableCitation>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BDB9A46FFD6677B0FACFBE6FCE58BA7" blockId="62.[151,1437,1072,2032]" pageId="62" pageNumber="63">This species is apparently undescribed, but because females are usually difficult to determine by themselves, we choose not to give it a name at this time. Notes of the female are included in the event that males are located in the future, and it is included in the key to females.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BDB9A46FFD6677B0FFEFB72FC048A4F" blockId="62.[151,1437,1072,2032]" pageId="62" pageNumber="63">
Female. Measurements, body 11.3–15.0 mm, wing
<quantity id="4C9C37A3FFD6677B0C13FB72FC618B8E" box="[808,985,1188,1214]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.145" metricValueMax="1.25" metricValueMin="1.04" pageId="62" pageNumber="63" unit="mm" value="11.45" valueMax="12.5" valueMin="10.4">10.4–12.5 mm</quantity>
.
<emphasis id="B9104654FFD6677B0CDFFB72FB9C8B8D" box="[996,1060,1188,1213]" italics="true" pageId="62" pageNumber="63">Head</emphasis>
: Mostly pale yellow tomentose with pale setae. Face and frons often brownish-yellow tomentose, blackish below gibbosity on face laterally and below epistome; bristles black, numerous medially and along epistomal margin laterally, latter bristles thin; sparse thin pale bristles present just above epistomal margin medially; pale whitish or yellowish setae intermixed. Palpi and ocellar tubercle entirely black setose; frons black setose, pale setae sparse. Antennae and occiput with mostly pale vestiture, 2–3 postocular bristles black.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BDB9A46FFD6677B0FFEFA5AFC338957" blockId="62.[151,1437,1072,2032]" pageId="62" pageNumber="63">
<emphasis id="B9104654FFD6677B0FFEFA5AFEA68A95" box="[197,286,1420,1445]" italics="true" pageId="62" pageNumber="63">Thorax</emphasis>
: Blackish; postpronotum and postalar callus brownish-yellow or reddish. Scutum brownishyellow or yellow tomentose laterally; anterior scutal setae about as long as scape; setae mostly and bristles entirely black; pale setae laterally. Scutellum yellowish-gray tomentose, setae whitish, longer than scape and pedicel combined; 5–8 marginal bristles, usually black or mixed black and yellowish. Pleura brownish-yellow tomentose, setae mostly pale, scattered black setae present on anepisternum and anepimeron dorsally; katatergite vestiture variable entirely black, yellowish, or mixed.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BDB9A46FFD6677B0FFEF9A2FB1689EE" blockId="62.[151,1437,1072,2032]" pageId="62" pageNumber="63">
<emphasis id="B9104654FFD6677B0FFEF9A2FEBB89BD" box="[197,259,1652,1677]" italics="true" pageId="62" pageNumber="63">Wing</emphasis>
: Yellowish, hyaline anteromedially; veins mostly brown, brownish-yellow or yellow basally, anterior 3 veins reddish except brown apically. R4 fork beyond apex of cell d, R4 recurrent vein much longer than basal diameter of cell r4 about as long as r-m crossvein; crossvein apical 1/3 of cell d.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BDB9A46FFD6677B0FFEF938FC12884C" blockId="62.[151,1437,1072,2032]" pageId="62" pageNumber="63">
<emphasis id="B9104654FFD6677B0FFEF938FF468837" box="[197,254,1774,1799]" italics="true" pageId="62" pageNumber="63">Legs</emphasis>
: Coxae, trochanters, tarsi black; coxae brownish-yellow tomentose with pale yellowish vestiture, sometimes reddish. Femora and tibiae reddish, narrow apices black, bristles mostly black or mixed red and black; mesothoracic and metathoracic femora with mostly black bristles anteriorly and anteroventrally, usually at least 1–2 bristles red. Tibiae and tarsi with black bristles.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BDB9A46FFD6677B0FFEF85FFA9488C0" blockId="62.[151,1437,1072,2032]" pageId="62" pageNumber="63">
<emphasis id="B9104654FFD6677B0FFEF85FFE808892" box="[197,312,1929,1954]" italics="true" pageId="62" pageNumber="63">Abdomen</emphasis>
: Mostly yellowish-gray or gray tomentose, tergite 1 and wide sides of tergites 2–7 grayish tomentose, gray extends along apical margin of most tergites, joining medially; tergites 2–7 with large brown tomentose spot dorsally, few to abundant brown setae present; setae elsewhere yellowish or whitish.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BDB9A46FFD7677A0FFEFF4EFA248F82" blockId="63.[151,1436,152,216]" box="[197,1436,152,178]" pageId="63" pageNumber="64">
<emphasis id="B9104654FFD7677A0FFEFF4EFEFD8F81" box="[197,325,152,177]" italics="true" pageId="63" pageNumber="64">Terminalia</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="135F86C3FFD7677A0E6FFF4EFDB98F82" box="[340,513,152,178]" captionStart="FIGURES 130–131" captionStartId="63.[151,269,1086,1110]" captionTargetBox="[167,1411,379,1027]" captionTargetId="figure@63.[152,1435,237,1073]" captionTargetPageId="63" captionText="FIGURES 130–131. Efferia sp. C. Female terminalia, lateral view: 130. Ovipositor; 131. Lateral spermatheca." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1455864/files/figure.png" pageId="63" pageNumber="64">Figs. 130–131</figureCitation>
): Length 4.0–
<quantity id="4C9C37A3FFD7677A0D98FF4EFD478F82" box="[675,767,152,178]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.5" pageId="63" pageNumber="64" unit="mm" value="4.5">4.5 mm</quantity>
, at middle 1/6–1/7 as wide as long; cercus short, tergite 9
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BDB9A46FFD7677A0FACFF68FB8F8FE8" blockId="63.[151,1436,152,216]" box="[151,1079,190,216]" pageId="63" pageNumber="64">2.3–2.4 times longer than cercus. Spermathecae oval, surface mostly brownish.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<caption id="DF1BCACEFFD7677A0FACFBE8FA8F8B66" box="[151,1335,1086,1110]" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1455864/files/figure.png" pageId="63" pageNumber="64" startId="63.[151,269,1086,1110]" targetBox="[167,1411,379,1027]" targetPageId="63">
<paragraph id="8BDB9A46FFD7677A0FACFBE8FA8F8B66" blockId="63.[151,1335,1086,1110]" box="[151,1335,1086,1110]" pageId="63" pageNumber="64">
<emphasis id="B9104654FFD7677A0FACFBE8FEC08B66" bold="true" box="[151,376,1086,1110]" pageId="63" pageNumber="64">FIGURES 130–131.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C64E1C5FFD7677A0E45FBE9FE708B66" box="[382,456,1087,1110]" class="Insecta" family="Asilidae" genus="Efferia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="63" pageNumber="64" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B9104654FFD7677A0E45FBE9FE708B66" box="[382,456,1087,1110]" italics="true" pageId="63" pageNumber="64">Efferia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp. C. Female terminalia, lateral view: 130. Ovipositor; 131. Lateral spermatheca.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<subSubSection id="C37EC9CDFFD7677A0FFEFB5EFA808BF9" pageId="63" pageNumber="64" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="8BDB9A46FFD7677A0FFEFB5EFA808BF9" blockId="63.[151,1437,1160,1766]" pageId="63" pageNumber="64">
<emphasis id="B9104654FFD7677A0FFEFB5EFE718B92" bold="true" box="[197,457,1160,1186]" pageId="63" pageNumber="64">Specimens examined</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="B9104654FFD7677A0EE3FB5EFDEF8B92" bold="true" box="[472,599,1160,1186]" pageId="63" pageNumber="64">
<collectingCountry id="F373DAD6FFD7677A0EE3FB5EFDEF8B92" box="[472,599,1160,1186]" name="Trinidad and Tobago" pageId="63" pageNumber="64">
<collectingRegion id="49A054A4FFD7677A0EE3FB5EFDEF8B92" box="[472,599,1160,1186]" country="Trinidad and Tobago" name="Tobago" pageId="63" pageNumber="64">TOBAGO</collectingRegion>
</collectingCountry>
</emphasis>
: Canoe
<collectingRegion id="49A054A4FFD7677A0D80FB5EFD528B92" box="[699,746,1160,1186]" country="Cayman Islands" name="West Bay" pageId="63" pageNumber="64">Bay</collectingRegion>
rd. scrub / forest, nr. Hilton Resort /
<date id="FFDABC86FFD7677A0B9AFB5EFA968B92" box="[1185,1326,1160,1186]" pageId="63" pageNumber="64" value="2006-03-07" valueMax="2006-03-08" valueMin="2006-03-07">7–8.iii.2006</date>
D. Perez (
<specimenCount id="9D6251CFFFD7677A0F9BFB79FF728BF2" box="[160,202,1198,1225]" pageId="63" pageNumber="64" type="female">8 ♀</specimenCount>
,
<collectionCode id="ED750283FFD7677A0FE2FB79FE808BF9" box="[217,312,1199,1225]" country="USA" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/142r-0w94" name="Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History" pageId="63" pageNumber="64">NMNH</collectionCode>
).
<emphasis id="B9104654FFD7677A0E70FB79FE678BF9" bold="true" box="[331,479,1199,1225]" pageId="63" pageNumber="64">
<collectingCountry id="F373DAD6FFD7677A0E70FB79FE678BF9" box="[331,479,1199,1225]" name="Trinidad and Tobago" pageId="63" pageNumber="64">TRINIDAD</collectingCountry>
</emphasis>
:
<collectingRegion id="49A054A4FFD7677A0ED5FB79FD818BF9" box="[494,569,1199,1225]" country="Trinidad and Tobago" name="Arima" pageId="63" pageNumber="64">Arima</collectingRegion>
Valley / Simla
<date id="FFDABC86FFD7677A0DD5FB79FCD98BF9" box="[750,865,1199,1225]" pageId="63" pageNumber="64" value="1987-05-18">18.v.1987</date>
/ R. E. Woodruff / at light (
<specimenCount id="9D6251CFFFD7677A0B9EFB79FB778BF2" box="[1189,1231,1198,1225]" pageId="63" pageNumber="64" type="female">3 ♀</specimenCount>
,
<collectionCode id="ED750283FFD7677A0BE6FB79FA948BF9" box="[1245,1324,1199,1225]" country="USA" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/jekt-x82m" name="Florida State Collection of Arthropods, The Museum of Entomology" pageId="63" pageNumber="64">FSCA</collectionCode>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C37EC9CDFFD7677A0FFEFB03FB108BDF" box="[197,1192,1237,1263]" pageId="63" pageNumber="64" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="8BDB9A46FFD7677A0FFEFB03FB108BDF" blockId="63.[151,1437,1160,1766]" box="[197,1192,1237,1263]" pageId="63" pageNumber="64">
<emphasis id="B9104654FFD7677A0FFEFB03FEDD8BDF" bold="true" box="[197,357,1237,1263]" pageId="63" pageNumber="64">Distribution.</emphasis>
<collectingCountry id="F373DAD6FFD7677A0E57FB03FE7B8BDF" box="[364,451,1237,1263]" name="Trinidad and Tobago" pageId="63" pageNumber="64">
<collectingRegion id="49A054A4FFD7677A0E57FB03FE7B8BDF" box="[364,451,1237,1263]" country="Trinidad and Tobago" name="Tobago" pageId="63" pageNumber="64">Tobago</collectingRegion>
</collectingCountry>
and
<collectingCountry id="F373DAD6FFD7677A0EC6FB03FDDD8BDF" box="[509,613,1237,1263]" name="Trinidad and Tobago" pageId="63" pageNumber="64">Trinidad</collectingCountry>
. Captured near sea level during March and April.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C37EC9CDFFD7677A0FFEFB2AFE5A89D6" pageId="63" pageNumber="64" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="8BDB9A46FFD7677A0FFEFB2AFC0C8A81" blockId="63.[151,1437,1160,1766]" pageId="63" pageNumber="64">
<emphasis id="B9104654FFD7677A0FFEFB2AFEF88A26" bold="true" box="[197,320,1276,1302]" pageId="63" pageNumber="64">Remarks.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C64E1C5FFD7677A0E72FB2AFE248A25" box="[329,412,1276,1301]" class="Insecta" family="Asilidae" genus="Efferia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="63" pageNumber="64" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B9104654FFD7677A0E72FB2AFE248A25" box="[329,412,1276,1301]" italics="true" pageId="63" pageNumber="64">Efferia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp. is distinguished by the entirely black palpal setae, abundant black bristles of the face, blackish tomentum along the lateral margin of the face and below the epistomal margin, brownishyellow tomentum of the scutum and pleura, reddish femora and tibiae with only narrow apices black, and pale tomentum on the lateral margin of tergites 2–7. It is further distinguished by the short, wide terminalia and the oval, mostly brownish surface of the spermathecae (
<figureCitation id="135F86C3FFD7677A0DC2FA41FC1F8A81" box="[761,935,1431,1457]" captionStart="FIGURES 130–131" captionStartId="63.[151,269,1086,1110]" captionTargetBox="[167,1411,379,1027]" captionTargetId="figure@63.[152,1435,237,1073]" captionTargetPageId="63" captionText="FIGURES 130–131. Efferia sp. C. Female terminalia, lateral view: 130. Ovipositor; 131. Lateral spermatheca." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1455864/files/figure.png" pageId="63" pageNumber="64">Figs. 130–131</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BDB9A46FFD7677A0FFDFA6BFE5A89D6" blockId="63.[151,1437,1160,1766]" pageId="63" pageNumber="64">
In
<bibRefCitation id="EFF5E7B7FFD7677A0FD3FA6BFE018AE7" box="[232,441,1469,1495]" pageId="63" pageNumber="64" refId="ref38540" refString="Bromley, S. W. (1934) Asilidae. In: C. H. Curran, The Diptera of Karatabo, Bartica District, British Guiana, with descriptions new species from other British Guiana localities. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History, 66, 327 - 360." type="journal article">Bromley’s (1934)</bibRefCitation>
key, the Tobago-Trinidad species end in couplet 5 that includes
<emphasis id="B9104654FFD7677A0BF9FA68FA248AE7" box="[1218,1436,1470,1495]" italics="true" pageId="63" pageNumber="64">
<taxonomicName id="4C64E1C5FFD7677A0BF9FA68FAAB8AE7" box="[1218,1299,1470,1495]" class="Insecta" family="Asilidae" genus="Efferia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="63" pageNumber="64" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Efferia</taxonomicName>
amazonica
</emphasis>
(Bromley) and
<emphasis id="B9104654FFD7677A0E71FA32FE188ACD" box="[330,416,1508,1533]" italics="true" pageId="63" pageNumber="64">E. titon</emphasis>
(Bromley). These are large (
<quantity id="4C9C37A3FFD7677A0DC9FA32FCCB8ACE" box="[754,883,1508,1534]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.45" metricValueMax="3.5" metricValueMin="3.4" pageId="63" pageNumber="64" unit="mm" value="34.5" valueMax="35.0" valueMin="34.0">34–35 mm</quantity>
) flies with reddish femora and black markings, and uniformly brownish-gray tomentose abdomens. The femora of
<emphasis id="B9104654FFD7677A0C80F9DDFBE48914" box="[955,1116,1547,1572]" italics="true" pageId="63" pageNumber="64">E. amazonica</emphasis>
are mostly black ventrally whereas those of
<emphasis id="B9104654FFD7677A0E4BF9E4FE60897B" box="[368,472,1586,1611]" italics="true" pageId="63" pageNumber="64">E. triton</emphasis>
have a wide, black, median spot dorsally. Contrastingly, the Tobago-Trinidad species is much smaller (
<quantity id="4C9C37A3FFD7677A0EFFF98EFDF08942" box="[452,584,1624,1650]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.3" metricValueMax="1.5" metricValueMin="1.1" pageId="63" pageNumber="64" unit="mm" value="13.0" valueMax="15.0" valueMin="11.0">11–15 mm</quantity>
), only the extreme apices of the femora are partly or completely black, and the abdominal tomentum is mostly gray with large brown spots dorsally. Also, the palpal setae of
<emphasis id="B9104654FFD7677A0AB9F9A9FEAE898F" italics="true" pageId="63" pageNumber="64">E. amazonica</emphasis>
are entirely whitish whereas they are black in this species. The palpal setae of
<emphasis id="B9104654FFD7677A0B8CF970FAA1898F" box="[1207,1305,1702,1727]" italics="true" pageId="63" pageNumber="64">E. triton</emphasis>
are mostly black, those basally whitish.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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