171 lines
21 KiB
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171 lines
21 KiB
XML
<document id="9F0EBEEB00AD0DD2C81A413C5E7C7B18" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.5526.1.1" ID-ISSN="1175-5334" ID-Zenodo-Dep="14021526" ID-ZooBank="987FAD00-32A7-4E38-AFAD-6EAC8D808FB2" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="felipe" IM.illustrations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="GgImagineBatch" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatments_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1730450932891" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Yiu, Sam King Fung & Mah, Christopher L." docDate="2024" docId="03BF87BF26005D5361C4BDCDFC154272" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.5526.1.1.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 5526 (1)" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5526.1.1" docStyle="DocumentStyle:5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3.19:Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleId="5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleVersion="19" docTitle="Echinometra mathaei" docType="treatment" docVersion="2" lastPageNumber="17" masterDocId="FF86FFC7260F5D436153BE46FFA14013" masterDocTitle="New Ecological Observations and Occurrence for Asteroidea and Echinoidea in Hong Kong" masterLastPageNumber="69" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="16" updateTime="1730451613712" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:title id="325A86B5E1A672015C40C4E7B77B10FD">New Ecological Observations and Occurrence for Asteroidea and Echinoidea in Hong Kong</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="0C472E22B28B3F66C61CA6D0D69AE915">Yiu, Sam King Fung</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="58F6F666553CF1F767A05877B15AA890">School of Biological Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China. cyclesamyiu @ hotmail. com; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0001 - 6212 - 7339</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="CB912AD212739D373321290AA4C6C85A" type="email">cyclesamyiu@hotmail.com</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:namePart id="0E162C213C9C05CFE0989F2BCDD2E45D">Mah, Christopher L.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="DEF02723E5EB8C2C456011A34E9FC0F3">School of Biological Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China. cyclesamyiu @ hotmail. com; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0001 - 6212 - 7339 & Department of Invertebrate Zoology, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington D. C. brisinga @ gmail. com; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0002 - 0178 - 8237 & School of Biological Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China. cyclesamyiu @ hotmail. com; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0001 - 6212 - 7339</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="62EA4C00DFB614EA8863DB6DF98F60C9" type="email">cyclesamyiu@hotmail.com</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:title id="3EB44E08E48AFC0F3422F6330A950389">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="2D2DE3B24774BA655773372064CAFF62">2024</mods:date>
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<subSubSection id="C30C652226005D4C61C4BDCDFDD343B6" box="[151,626,907,934]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8BA936A926005D4C61C4BDCDFDD343B6" blockId="15.[151,626,907,970]" box="[151,626,907,934]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
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<heading id="D0E181C526005D4C61C4BDCDFDD343B6" bold="true" box="[151,626,907,934]" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" reason="4">
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<taxonomicName id="4C164D2A26005D4C61C4BDCDFDD343B6" ID-CoL="38JGH" authority="(Blainville 1825)" baseAuthorityName="Blainville" baseAuthorityYear="1825" box="[151,626,907,934]" class="Echinoidea" family="Echinometridae" genus="Echinometra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Camarodonta" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="mathaei">
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<emphasis id="B962EABB26005D4C61C4BDCDFDD343B6" bold="true" box="[151,626,907,934]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
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<emphasis id="B962EABB26005D4C61C4BDCDFE3E43B5" bold="true" box="[151,415,907,934]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Echinometra mathaei</emphasis>
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(
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<bibRefCitation id="EF874B5826005D4C60FCBDCDFDCB43B6" author="Blainville, H. M. D." box="[431,618,907,933]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" pagination="59 - 98" refId="ref37176" refString="Blainville, H. M. D. d. (1825) Oursin, Echinus (Actinozoaires). In: Levrault, F. G. (Ed.), Dictionnaire des Sciences Naturelles. Strasbourg & Paris, pp. 59 - 98." type="book chapter" year="1825">Blainville 1825</bibRefCitation>
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)
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</emphasis>
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||
</taxonomicName>
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||
</heading>
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||
</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C30C652226005D4C61C4BDE9FEB043D9" box="[151,273,943,970]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8BA936A926005D4C61C4BDE9FEB043D9" blockId="15.[151,626,907,970]" box="[151,273,943,970]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
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<figureCitation id="132D2A2C26005D4C61C4BDE9FEB043D9" box="[151,273,943,970]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="15.[151,250,1593,1617]" captionTargetBox="[409,1177,993,1569]" captionTargetId="figure-175@15.[409,1177,993,1569]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="FIGURE 7. Echinometra mathaei. In situ observation. Photographer: Sam King Fung Yiu." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14021540" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14021540/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">FIGURE 7</figureCitation>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<caption id="DF69662126005D4C61C4B87FFB9B4642" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14021540" ID-Zenodo-Dep="14021540" box="[151,1082,1593,1618]" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14021540/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" startId="15.[151,250,1593,1617]" targetBox="[409,1177,993,1569]" targetPageId="15" targetType="figure">
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<paragraph id="8BA936A926005D4C61C4B87FFB9B4642" blockId="15.[151,1082,1593,1618]" box="[151,1082,1593,1618]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
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<emphasis id="B962EABB26005D4C61C4B87FFDA24642" bold="true" box="[151,515,1593,1618]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
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FIGURE 7.
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<emphasis id="B962EABB26005D4C604AB87FFDA24642" box="[281,515,1593,1617]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
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||
<taxonomicName id="4C164D2A26005D4C604AB87FFE5E4642" baseAuthorityName="Blainville" baseAuthorityYear="1825" box="[281,511,1593,1617]" class="Echinoidea" family="Echinometridae" genus="Echinometra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Camarodonta" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="mathaei">Echinometra mathaei</taxonomicName>
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.
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</emphasis>
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</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName id="4C164D2A26005D4C635AB87CFD6B4642" authority="observation" authorityName="Observation" box="[521,714,1593,1617]" class="Asteroidea" family="Asterinidae" genus="Indianastra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="15" pageNumber="19" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="situ">In situ observation</taxonomicName>
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. Photographer: Sam King Fung Yiu.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<subSubSection id="C30C652226005D5361C4B8E5FC154272" lastPageId="16" lastPageNumber="17" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" type="discussion">
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<paragraph id="8BA936A926005D4C61C4B8E5FEBF46AE" blockId="15.[151,286,1699,1725]" box="[151,286,1699,1725]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
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||
<emphasis id="B962EABB26005D4C61C4B8E5FEBF46AE" bold="true" box="[151,286,1699,1725]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Comments</emphasis>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BA936A926005D4C61C4B8AAFCE947A8" blockId="15.[151,1437,1772,2015]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
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A familiar urchin species which is heavily documented elsewhere and is only briefly touched upon here, observed from Tsim Chau, Long Ke and Tung Ping Chau at
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<quantity id="4CEE9B4C26005D4C6395B956FCBA4739" box="[710,795,1808,1834]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.0" metricValueMax="10.0" metricValueMin="2.0" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" unit="m" value="6.0" valueMax="10.0" valueMin="2.0">2–10 m</quantity>
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in rocky and coral habitats. This species has been heavily studied in a wide range of topics, including a model for phylogeography (e.g.
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<bibRefCitation id="EF874B5826005D4C6556B972FAB3475D" author="Bronstein, O. & Loya, Y." box="[1029,1298,1844,1870]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" refId="ref37445" refString="Bronstein, O. & Loya, Y. (2013) The Taxonomy and Phylogeny of Echinometra (Camarodonta: Echinometridae) from the Red Sea and Western Indian Ocean. PLoS One, 8 (10), e 77374. https: // doi. org / 10.1371 / journal. pone. 0077374" type="journal volume" year="2013">Bronstein & Loya 2013</bibRefCitation>
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||
;
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<bibRefCitation id="EF874B5826005D4C644DB972FEB24761" author="McCartney, M. A. & Keller, G. & Lessios, A." pageId="15" pageNumber="16" pagination="1391 - 1400" refId="ref41139" refString="McCartney, M. A., Keller, G. & Lessios, A. (2000) Dispersal barriers in tropical oceans and speciation in Atlantic and eastern Pacific sea urchins of the genus Echinometra. Molecular Ecology, 9, 1391 - 1400. https: // doi. org / 10.1046 / j. 1365 - 294 x. 2000.01022. x" type="journal article" year="2000">
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McCartney
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<emphasis id="B962EABB26005D4C61C4B91FFF6B4761" box="[151,202,1880,1906]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">et al</emphasis>
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||
. 2000
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</bibRefCitation>
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) and ecology (e.g.
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<bibRefCitation id="EF874B5826005D4C60BCB91EFC8F4761" author="McClanahan, T. R. & Kurtis, J. D." box="[495,814,1880,1906]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" pagination="121 - 146" refId="ref41205" refString="McClanahan, T. R. & Kurtis, J. D. (1991) Population regulation of the rock-boring sea urchin Echinometra mathaei (de Blainville). Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology, 147 (1), 121 - 146. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / 0022 - 0981 (91) 90041 - T" type="journal article" year="1991">McClanahan & Kurtis 1991</bibRefCitation>
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;
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<bibRefCitation id="EF874B5826005D4C6268B91EFBC44761" author="Hiratsuka, Y. & Uehara, T." box="[827,1125,1880,1906]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" pagination="223 - 229" refId="ref39532" refString="Hiratsuka, Y. & Uehara, T. (2007) Feeding rates and absorption efficiencies of four species of sea urchins (genus Echinometra) fed a prepared diet. Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part A: Molecular & Integrative Physiology, 184 (1), 223 - 229. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / j. cbpa. 2007.04.009" type="journal article" year="2007">Hiratsuka & Uehara 2007</bibRefCitation>
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||
). This species is known for creating and inhabiting bored concavities in rocky substrates (e.g.
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<bibRefCitation id="EF874B5826005D4C62D5B93AFB644785" author="McClanahan, T. R. & Kurtis, J. D." box="[902,1221,1916,1942]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" pagination="121 - 146" refId="ref41205" refString="McClanahan, T. R. & Kurtis, J. D. (1991) Population regulation of the rock-boring sea urchin Echinometra mathaei (de Blainville). Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology, 147 (1), 121 - 146. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / 0022 - 0981 (91) 90041 - T" type="journal article" year="1991">McClanahan & Kurtis 1991</bibRefCitation>
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). It feeds on plants and encrusting organisms, especially sponges (
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<bibRefCitation id="EF874B5826005D4C63F0B9E6FC9D47A8" author="Schultz, H." box="[675,828,1952,1979]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" refId="ref42527" refString="Schultz, H. (2015) Echinodermata. Vol. 1. Echinoidea. Handbook of Zoology. De Gruyter, Berlin, 386 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.1515 / 9783110368574" type="book" year="2015">Schultz 2015</bibRefCitation>
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).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BA936A926005D536194B982FC3540EA" blockId="15.[151,1437,1772,2015]" lastBlockId="16.[151,1437,151,321]" lastPageId="16" lastPageNumber="17" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
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Although historically recorded as a wide-ranging Indo-West Pacific species, as outlined in Clark &
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<bibRefCitation id="EF874B5826005D4C6442B982FA3647CC" author="Liao, Y. & Clark, A. M." box="[1297,1431,1988,2015]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" refId="ref40906" refString="Liao, Y. & Clark, A. M. (1995) The Echinoderms of Southern China. Science Press, Beijing, 614 pp." type="book" year="1995">Liao (1995)</bibRefCitation>
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, recent phylogenetic work (e.g.
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<bibRefCitation id="EF874B58261F5D5360A8BED1FCAD40A2" author="Bronstein, O. & Loya, Y." box="[507,780,151,177]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" refId="ref37445" refString="Bronstein, O. & Loya, Y. (2013) The Taxonomy and Phylogeny of Echinometra (Camarodonta: Echinometridae) from the Red Sea and Western Indian Ocean. PLoS One, 8 (10), e 77374. https: // doi. org / 10.1371 / journal. pone. 0077374" type="journal volume" year="2013">Bronstein & Loya 2013</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF874B58261F5D536249BED1FBBC40A2" author="McCartney, M. A. & Keller, G. & Lessios, A." box="[794,1053,151,177]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" pagination="1391 - 1400" refId="ref41139" refString="McCartney, M. A., Keller, G. & Lessios, A. (2000) Dispersal barriers in tropical oceans and speciation in Atlantic and eastern Pacific sea urchins of the genus Echinometra. Molecular Ecology, 9, 1391 - 1400. https: // doi. org / 10.1046 / j. 1365 - 294 x. 2000.01022. x" type="journal article" year="2000">
|
||
McCartney
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||
<emphasis id="B962EABB261F5D5362F2BED1FC7540A2" box="[929,980,151,177]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 2000
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||
</bibRefCitation>
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||
) suggests multiple lineage within what had previously been considered a single wide-ranging species, notably that lineages from the Indian Ocean are separate from those in the tropical Pacific (
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||
<bibRefCitation id="EF874B58261F5D53632BBE99FC2940EA" author="Bronstein, O. & Loya, Y." box="[632,904,223,249]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" refId="ref37445" refString="Bronstein, O. & Loya, Y. (2013) The Taxonomy and Phylogeny of Echinometra (Camarodonta: Echinometridae) from the Red Sea and Western Indian Ocean. PLoS One, 8 (10), e 77374. https: // doi. org / 10.1371 / journal. pone. 0077374" type="journal volume" year="2013">Bronstein & Loya 2013</bibRefCitation>
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||
).
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||
</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BA936A9261F5D536194BF45FB074152" blockId="16.[151,1437,151,321]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
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This species is differentiated from the similarly elongated
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<taxonomicName id="4C164D2A261F5D53620ABF45FC43410E" authorityName="A. Agassiz" authorityYear="1863" box="[857,994,259,285]" class="Echinoidea" family="Parasaleniidae" genus="Parasalenia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Camarodonta" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
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||
<emphasis id="B962EABB261F5D53620ABF45FC43410E" box="[857,994,259,285]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Parasalenia</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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by having a much larger apical system with characteristically pointed genital plates and more distinct white rings around the spines.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BA936A9261F5D5361C4BFD4FE6B41BF" blockId="16.[151,458,402,428]" box="[151,458,402,428]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
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||
<emphasis id="B962EABB261F5D5361C4BFD4FE6B41BF" bold="true" box="[151,458,402,428]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Occurrence/Distribution</emphasis>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BA936A9261F5D5361C4BF9DFE3B41E6" blockId="16.[151,1436,475,609]" box="[151,410,475,501]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
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||
<collectingCountry id="F3017639261F5D5361C4BF9DFEBC41E6" box="[151,285,475,501]" name="Hong Kong" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Hong Kong</collectingCountry>
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, 2–10.0 m.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BA936A9261F5D536194BFB9FC154272" blockId="16.[151,1436,475,609]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
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Outside
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<collectingCountry id="F3017639261F5D536077BFB9FE08420A" box="[292,425,511,537]" name="Hong Kong" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Hong Kong</collectingCountry>
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, Southern
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3017639261F5D53634DBFB9FDC5420A" box="[542,612,511,537]" name="China" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">China</collectingCountry>
|
||
, throughout the Indo-Pacific, Hawaii,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3017639261F5D536558BFB9FBF3420A" box="[1035,1106,511,537]" name="Guam" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Guam</collectingCountry>
|
||
, Bali, Okinawa, Great Barrier Reef (
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3017639261F5D536188BC65FEE9422E" box="[219,328,547,573]" name="Australia" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Australia</collectingCountry>
|
||
).
|
||
<quantity id="4CEE9B4C261F5D536009BC65FE0E422E" box="[346,431,547,573]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" metricValueMax="3.0" metricValueMin="0.0" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" unit="m" value="15.0" valueMax="30.0" valueMin="0.0">0–30 m</quantity>
|
||
[
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C164D2A261F5D5360ECBC65FD99422E" baseAuthorityName="Blainville" baseAuthorityYear="1825" box="[447,568,547,573]" class="Echinoidea" family="Echinometridae" genus="Echinometra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Camarodonta" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="mathaei">
|
||
<emphasis id="B962EABB261F5D5360ECBC65FD99422E" box="[447,568,547,573]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">E. mathaei</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in the Indian Ocean is a different taxon from the Pacific, following
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF874B58261F5D53647CBC65FE914272" author="Bronstein, O. & Loya, Y." pageId="16" pageNumber="17" refId="ref37445" refString="Bronstein, O. & Loya, Y. (2013) The Taxonomy and Phylogeny of Echinometra (Camarodonta: Echinometridae) from the Red Sea and Western Indian Ocean. PLoS One, 8 (10), e 77374. https: // doi. org / 10.1371 / journal. pone. 0077374" type="journal volume" year="2013">Bronstein & Loya 2013</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF874B58261F5D536068BC01FD964272" author="McCartney, M. A. & Keller, G. & Lessios, A." box="[315,567,583,609]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" pagination="1391 - 1400" refId="ref41139" refString="McCartney, M. A., Keller, G. & Lessios, A. (2000) Dispersal barriers in tropical oceans and speciation in Atlantic and eastern Pacific sea urchins of the genus Echinometra. Molecular Ecology, 9, 1391 - 1400. https: // doi. org / 10.1046 / j. 1365 - 294 x. 2000.01022. x" type="journal article" year="2000">
|
||
McCartney
|
||
<emphasis id="B962EABB261F5D536093BC01FE504272" box="[448,497,583,609]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 2000
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
and in part Clark &
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF874B58261F5D53624CBC01FC0B4272" author="Liao, Y. & Clark, A. M." box="[799,938,582,609]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" refId="ref40906" refString="Liao, Y. & Clark, A. M. (1995) The Echinoderms of Southern China. Science Press, Beijing, 614 pp." type="book" year="1995">Liao (1995)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
].
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |