treatments-xml/data/03/BC/87/03BC878E6E3FFFE1F8FF9922FA87CC7C.xml

<document id="4A4638BCE0BE9BF2E7DC2A2FA9042D12" ID-CLB-Dataset="198850" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.5214.2.9" ID-GBIF-Dataset="91a307d7-2ad1-4807-8ba0-9598950fa29b" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7385170" ID-ZooBank="74B8D7E0-E4B7-4540-83ED-4A9EF5793B48" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1669873215640" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Jiang, Ri-Xin, Lopes-Andrade, Cristiano, Liu, Hao-Yi &amp; Chen, Xiang-Sheng" docDate="2022" docId="03BC878E6E3FFFE1F8FF9922FA87CC7C" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.5214.2.9.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 5214 (2)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Syncosmetus yunnanensis Jiang &amp; Lopes-Andrade &amp; Liu &amp; Chen 2022, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docVersion="7" lastPageNumber="298" masterDocId="FF85FFF66E3EFFE4F8689D07FFD9CE41" masterDocTitle="An extraordinary new species of the genus Syncosmetus Sharp, 1891 (Coleoptera: Ciidae) from Yunnan, China" masterLastPageNumber="300" masterPageNumber="294" pageNumber="295" updateTime="1699412698405" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CLOSED">
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<mods:title id="98869CA13F6E83836EA06DD3AAB5BDBF">An extraordinary new species of the genus Syncosmetus Sharp, 1891 (Coleoptera: Ciidae) from Yunnan, China</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="369B3CAD171D9C0A22CBCC77082C8810">Jiang, Ri-Xin</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="466545ED31B5517FB9C93BE942AE72F9">Institute of Entomology, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, Guizhou, P. R. China. &amp; The Provincial Special Key Laboratory for Development and Utilization of Insect Resources of Guizhou, Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025, Guizhou, P. R. China. &amp; The Provincial Key Laboratory for Agricultural Pest Management of Mountainous Region, Guiyang 550025, Guizhou, P. R. China. &amp; maoshuwuyouzhi @ 163. com; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0002 - 5339 - 853 X</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="44B205C9DF877B7BB2E6E00419923C50">Lopes-Andrade, Cristiano</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="5F0B656585D9B4AA79321583CEEDDEBA">Laboratório de Sistemática e Biologia de Coleoptera, Departamento de Biologia Animal, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, 36570 - 900, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil. ciidae @ gmail. com; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0001 - 9652 - 1369</mods:affiliation>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="1FBF92FBA5F934106D5F578BC44FDD4C" type="email">ciidae@gmail.com</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:namePart id="355309F0AF2AAC7F7FBB0E2BF0B98C24">Liu, Hao-Yi</mods:namePart>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="34A9DDD1923587CD7E05BA3C25DBAFB0" type="ORCID">0000-0002-5600-1921</mods:nameIdentifier>
<mods:affiliation id="303B3781ACAFED4128DA40D4D618FB5A">Zhengzhou Foreign Language School-New Fengyang Campus, 66 Cuizhu Street, Zhengzhou, 450001, P. R. China. 3137068712 @ qq. com; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0002 - 5600 - 1921</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="7141B5BB9E7CE2F99D14ABF15A7435E7">Chen, Xiang-Sheng</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="FA314A35587238B08C247E961CE5BDB6">Institute of Entomology, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, Guizhou, P. R. China. &amp; The Provincial Special Key Laboratory for Development and Utilization of Insect Resources of Guizhou, Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025, Guizhou, P. R. China. &amp; The Provincial Key Laboratory for Agricultural Pest Management of Mountainous Region, Guiyang 550025, Guizhou, P. R. China.</mods:affiliation>
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<taxonomicName id="4C154D1B6E3FFFE5F8FF9922FE0DCA7E" authority="Jiang &amp; Lopes-Andrade &amp; Liu &amp; Chen, 2022" authorityName="Jiang &amp; Lopes-Andrade &amp; Liu &amp; Chen" authorityYear="2022" box="[151,468,1061,1087]" class="Insecta" family="Ciidae" genus="Syncosmetus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="295" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="yunnanensis" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B961EA8A6E3FFFE5F8FF9922FE0DCA7E" bold="true" box="[151,468,1061,1087]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="295">Syncosmetus yunnanensis</emphasis>
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(
<figureCitation id="132E2A1D6E3FFFE5F8F7994EFEDBCA22" box="[159,258,1097,1123]" captionStart-0="FIGURE 1" captionStart-1="FIGURE 2" captionStart-2="FIGURE 3" captionStartId-0="2.[151,250,1171,1195]" captionStartId-1="3.[151,250,1112,1136]" captionStartId-2="3.[151,250,1997,2021]" captionTargetBox-0="[151,1437,181,1147]" captionTargetBox-1="[235,1352,181,1088]" captionTargetBox-2="[238,1350,1196,1973]" captionTargetId-0="figure-18@2.[151,1437,181,1147]" captionTargetId-1="figure-25@3.[235,1352,181,1088]" captionTargetId-2="figure-71@3.[238,1350,1196,1973]" captionTargetPageId-0="2" captionTargetPageId-1="3" captionTargetPageId-2="3" captionText-0="FIGURE 1. Habitus of Syncosmetus yunnanensis sp. nov., male, paratype. A. Dorsal view; B. Ditto, ventral view. Scale bars: 0.5 mm." captionText-1="FIGURE 2. Diagnostic features of Syncosmetus yunnanensis sp. nov., male, paratype. A. Lateral habitus; B. Antenna; C. Sternite VIII; D. Tegmen; E. Penis. Scale bars: 0.5 mm in A; 0.2mm in B &amp; E; 0.1 mm in C &amp; D." captionText-2="FIGURE 3. Distribution of the described Syncosmetus species in China." figureDoi-0="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7385172" figureDoi-1="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7385174" figureDoi-2="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7385176" httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/7385172/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/7385174/files/figure.png" httpUri-2="https://zenodo.org/record/7385176/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="295">Figs 1–3</figureCitation>
)
</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="C30F65136E3FFFE5F8FF9988FDBCCB50" pageId="1" pageNumber="295" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="8BAA36986E3FFFE5F8FF9988FDBCCB50" blockId="1.[151,1437,1166,2028]" pageId="1" pageNumber="295">
<emphasis id="B961EA8A6E3FFFE5F8FF9988FE9CCAE9" bold="true" box="[151,325,1166,1193]" pageId="1" pageNumber="295">Type material.</emphasis>
<materialsCitation id="3B7D3CC56E3FFFE5F9239988FC69CAAF" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3979395301" collectingDate="2021-08-02" collectionCode="GUGC" collectorName="Liu" country="China" county="Pingbian Miao Autonomous County" elevation="2046" location="Daweishan Nature Reserve" municipality="Autonomous Prefecture of Honghe" pageId="1" pageNumber="295" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-male="1" stateProvince="Yunnan" typeStatus="holotype">
<emphasis id="B961EA8A6E3FFFE5F9239988FDF6CAE9" bold="true" box="[331,559,1166,1193]" pageId="1" pageNumber="295">
<typeStatus id="54AE883A6E3FFFE5F9239988FE65CAE8" box="[331,444,1167,1193]" pageId="1" pageNumber="295" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
: 
<collectingCountry id="F30276086E3FFFE5F9A09989FDF3CAE9" box="[456,554,1166,1192]" name="China" pageId="1" pageNumber="295">CHINA</collectingCountry>
:
</emphasis>
<specimenCount id="9D13FD116E3FFFE5FA5E9988FD94CAE8" box="[566,589,1167,1193]" pageId="1" pageNumber="295" type="male">♂</specimenCount>
, labeled ‘China: 
<collectingRegion id="49D1F87A6E3FFFE5FB629988FCBACAE8" box="[778,867,1167,1193]" country="China" name="Yunnan" pageId="1" pageNumber="295">Yunnan</collectingRegion>
, Hani-Yi 
<collectingMunicipality id="6BCEACE26E3FFFE5FBA49988FA8DCAE8" box="[972,1364,1167,1193]" pageId="1" pageNumber="295">Autonomous Prefecture of Honghe</collectingMunicipality>
(
<emphasis id="B961EA8A6E3FFFE5FD0C9988FEE6CA88" bold="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="295">IJ河 Ḃ尼dzh治州</emphasis>
), 
<collectingCounty id="62CB4E146E3FFFE5F93199B6FD2DCA8A" box="[345,756,1201,1228]" pageId="1" pageNumber="295">Pingbian Miao Autonomous County</collectingCounty>
(
<emphasis id="B961EA8A6E3FFFE5FB6F99B5FC12CA88" bold="true" box="[775,971,1202,1225]" pageId="1" pageNumber="295">屏ṁffidzh治县</emphasis>
), 
<location id="8ECA60436E3FFFE5FB8D99B6FAC3CA8D" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03BC878E6E3FFFE1F8FF9922FA87CC7C:8ECA60436E3FFFE5FB8D99B6FAC3CA8D" box="[997,1306,1201,1228]" country="China" county="Pingbian Miao Autonomous County" municipality="Autonomous Prefecture of Honghe" name="Daweishan Nature Reserve" pageId="1" pageNumber="295" stateProvince="Yunnan">Daweishan Nature Reserve</location>
(
<emphasis id="B961EA8A6E3FFFE5FD4499B5FE82CAAD" bold="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="295">k围山Dz ẎNJh然保护区</emphasis>
) 
<date id="FFAB10586E3FFFE5F90499D3FDD9CAAF" box="[364,512,1236,1262]" pageId="1" pageNumber="295" value="2021-08-02">
<collectingDate id="EFEFE9B06E3FFFE5F90499D3FDD9CAAF" box="[364,512,1236,1262]" pageId="1" pageNumber="295" value="2021-08-02">02.VIII.2021</collectingDate>
</date>
, H: 
<quantity id="4CED9B7D6E3FFFE5FA4799D3FD59CAAF" box="[559,640,1236,1262]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.046" pageId="1" pageNumber="295" unit="m" value="2046.0">
<elevation id="0038D1AB6E3FFFE5FA4799D3FD59CAAF" box="[559,640,1236,1262]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.046" pageId="1" pageNumber="295" unit="m" value="2046.0">2046m</elevation>
</quantity>
, Hao-Yi 
<collectorName id="26E0534E6E3FFFE5FA8D99D3FCD5CAAF" box="[741,780,1236,1262]" pageId="1" pageNumber="295">Liu</collectorName>
leg.’ (
<collectionCode id="ED04AE5D6E3FFFE5FB3B99D3FC70CAAF" box="[851,937,1236,1262]" pageId="1" pageNumber="295">GUGC</collectionCode>
)
</materialsCitation>
. 
<materialsCitation id="3B7D3CC56E3FFFE5FBD399D3FDB8CB50" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3979395302" collectingDate="2021-08-02" collectionCode="GUGC" collectorName="Liu" country="China" county="Pingbian Miao Autonomous County" elevation="3" location="Daweishan Nature Reserve" municipality="Autonomous Prefecture of Honghe" pageId="1" pageNumber="295" specimenCount="2" specimenCount-female="1" specimenCount-male="1" stateProvince="Yunnan" typeStatus="paratype">
<emphasis id="B961EA8A6E3FFFE5FBD399D3FB73CAAF" bold="true" box="[955,1194,1236,1262]" pageId="1" pageNumber="295">
<typeStatus id="54AE883A6E3FFFE5FBD399D3FBEECAAF" box="[955,1079,1236,1262]" pageId="1" pageNumber="295" type="paratype">Paratypes</typeStatus>
: 
<collectingCountry id="F30276086E3FFFE5FC2B99D3FB7CCAAF" box="[1091,1189,1236,1262]" name="China" pageId="1" pageNumber="295">CHINA</collectingCountry>
:
</emphasis>
<quantity id="4CED9B7D6E3FFFE5FCD999D3FB06CAAE" box="[1201,1247,1236,1263]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" pageId="1" pageNumber="295" unit="m" value="3.0">
<elevation id="0038D1AB6E3FFFE5FCD999D3FB06CAAE" box="[1201,1247,1236,1263]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" pageId="1" pageNumber="295" unit="m" value="3.0">3 m</elevation>
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<specimenCount id="9D13FD116E3FFFE5FCB799D2FB2ACAAE" box="[1247,1267,1237,1263]" pageId="1" pageNumber="295" type="male">♂</specimenCount>
, 4 f 
<specimenCount id="9D13FD116E3FFFE5FD4B99D3FAEDCAAF" box="[1315,1332,1236,1262]" pageId="1" pageNumber="295" type="female">♀</specimenCount>
, with the same label data as the holotype (
<collectionCode id="ED04AE5D6E3FFFE5FA6B99F0FD80CB50" box="[515,601,1271,1297]" pageId="1" pageNumber="295">GUGC</collectionCode>
)
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C30F65136E3FFFE5F8AF981EFC15CBDA" pageId="1" pageNumber="295" type="diagnosis">
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<emphasis id="B961EA8A6E3FFFE5F8AF981EFE9BCB72" bold="true" box="[199,322,1305,1331]" pageId="1" pageNumber="295">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
Body small and rounded, dark brown with antennae, palpi and tarsi reddish brown. Head covered with longitudinal and irregular microsculpture. Pronotum with four strong longitudinal ridges. Elytra with three convex longitudinal keels, formed by series of discontinuous and irregular tuberculation. Apex of prosternal process truncate. Disc of metaventrite with a pair of large and round impressions.
</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="C30F65136E3FFFE0F8AF98A3FDB1CF00" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="298" pageId="1" pageNumber="295" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BAA36986E3FFFE5F8AF98A3FE9BCBA0" blockId="1.[151,1437,1166,2028]" pageId="1" pageNumber="295">
<emphasis id="B961EA8A6E3FFFE5F8AF98A3FE80CBFF" bold="true" box="[199,345,1444,1470]" pageId="1" pageNumber="295">Description.</emphasis>
Male. Body (
<figureCitation id="132E2A1D6E3FFFE5F99F98A3FDA9CBFF" box="[503,624,1444,1470]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="2.[151,250,1171,1195]" captionTargetBox="[151,1437,181,1147]" captionTargetId="figure-18@2.[151,1437,181,1147]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 1. Habitus of Syncosmetus yunnanensis sp. nov., male, paratype. A. Dorsal view; B. Ditto, ventral view. Scale bars: 0.5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7385172" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7385172/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="295">Fig. 1A–B</figureCitation>
) rounded, extremely convex, dark brown with antennae, palpi and tarsi reddish-brown.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BAA36986E3FFFE5F8AF98EEFE15C82A" blockId="1.[151,1437,1166,2028]" pageId="1" pageNumber="295">
Head wider than long, surface densely covered with longitudinal and irregular microsculpture, without punctures. Eyes small, coarsely facetted, each with about 20 ommatidia, GW 
<quantity id="4CED9B7D6E3FFFE5FBA19B0BFBE8C866" box="[969,1073,1548,1575]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="1" pageNumber="295" unit="mm" value="0.1">0.10 mm</quantity>
. Each antenna (
<figureCitation id="132E2A1D6E3FFFE5FC8A9B0BFAE1C867" box="[1250,1336,1548,1574]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="3.[151,250,1112,1136]" captionTargetBox="[235,1352,181,1088]" captionTargetId="figure-25@3.[235,1352,181,1088]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 2. Diagnostic features of Syncosmetus yunnanensis sp. nov., male, paratype. A. Lateral habitus; B. Antenna; C. Sternite VIII; D. Tegmen; E. Penis. Scale bars: 0.5 mm in A; 0.2mm in B &amp; E; 0.1 mm in C &amp; D." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7385174" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7385174/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="295">Fig. 2B</figureCitation>
) bearing ten antennomeres, with 3-segmented club; length of antennomeres (in mm) as follows: 0.17, 0.08, 0.08, 0.06, 0.04, 0.05, 0.04, 0.06, 0.08, 0.14.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BAA36986E3FFFE5F8AF9B72FCC5C958" blockId="1.[151,1437,1166,2028]" pageId="1" pageNumber="295">
Pronotum (
<figureCitation id="132E2A1D6E3FFFE5F92E9B73FE47C8CF" box="[326,414,1652,1678]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="2.[151,250,1171,1195]" captionTargetBox="[151,1437,181,1147]" captionTargetId="figure-18@2.[151,1437,181,1147]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 1. Habitus of Syncosmetus yunnanensis sp. nov., male, paratype. A. Dorsal view; B. Ditto, ventral view. Scale bars: 0.5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7385172" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7385172/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="295">Fig. 1A</figureCitation>
) covered with shallow punctures, distinctly denser at the posterior portion, sparser at disc and near the anterior edge. Surface covered by tiny polygonal microsculpture, and bearing two pairs of strong longitudinal ridges. Anterior margin broadly rounded; anterior angles slightly projected forward, bluntly rounded; lateral margins broad, coarsely crenulate, visible for almost their entire lengths when seen from above; posterior margin broadly rounded; posterior angles obtuse and not distinct.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BAA36986E3FFFE5F8AF9A26FA5AC97A" blockId="1.[151,1437,1166,2028]" box="[199,1411,1825,1852]" pageId="1" pageNumber="295">Scutellar shield very small, almost indiscernible, concealed under the beginning of the medial keel of elytra.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BAA36986E3FFFE5F8AF9A43FB2FC9AA" blockId="1.[151,1437,1166,2028]" pageId="1" pageNumber="295">
Elytra (
<figureCitation id="132E2A1D6E3FFFE5F9739A43FEADC91F" box="[283,372,1860,1886]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="2.[151,250,1171,1195]" captionTargetBox="[151,1437,181,1147]" captionTargetId="figure-18@2.[151,1437,181,1147]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 1. Habitus of Syncosmetus yunnanensis sp. nov., male, paratype. A. Dorsal view; B. Ditto, ventral view. Scale bars: 0.5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7385172" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7385172/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="295">Fig. 1A</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="132E2A1D6E3FFFE5F9E89A43FE7DC91F" box="[384,420,1860,1886]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="3.[151,250,1112,1136]" captionTargetBox="[235,1352,181,1088]" captionTargetId="figure-25@3.[235,1352,181,1088]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 2. Diagnostic features of Syncosmetus yunnanensis sp. nov., male, paratype. A. Lateral habitus; B. Antenna; C. Sternite VIII; D. Tegmen; E. Penis. Scale bars: 0.5 mm in A; 0.2mm in B &amp; E; 0.1 mm in C &amp; D." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7385174" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7385174/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="295">2A</figureCitation>
) tightly locked but not fused; punctures coarse, deep, separated from each other by at least a puncture-width; surface between punctures, smooth. Pseudoepipleura impunctate, glabrous; surface covered by tiny microsculpture. Each elytron with three longitudinal, convex keels, each formed by series of discontinuous and irregular tuberculation; all keels extending from base to near apex of elytra; surface covered by tiny polygonal microsculpture. Each side of medial elytral suture with a distinct tuberculation located near its base.
</paragraph>
<caption id="DF6A66106E3CFFE6F8FF9994FF35CA8E" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7385172" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7385172" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7385172/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="296" startId="2.[151,250,1171,1195]" targetBox="[151,1437,181,1147]" targetPageId="2">
<paragraph id="8BAA36986E3CFFE6F8FF9994FF35CA8E" blockId="2.[151,1437,1171,1231]" pageId="2" pageNumber="296">
<emphasis id="B961EA8A6E3CFFE6F8FF9994FECDCAEA" bold="true" box="[151,276,1171,1195]" pageId="2" pageNumber="296">FIGURE 1.</emphasis>
Habitus of 
<taxonomicName id="4C154D1B6E3CFFE6F9E49993FD4BCAEA" authority="Jiang &amp; Lopes-Andrade &amp; Liu &amp; Chen, 2022" authorityName="Jiang &amp; Lopes-Andrade &amp; Liu &amp; Chen" authorityYear="2022" box="[396,658,1172,1195]" class="Insecta" family="Ciidae" genus="Syncosmetus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="296" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="yunnanensis" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B961EA8A6E3CFFE6F9E49993FD4BCAEA" box="[396,658,1172,1195]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="296">Syncosmetus yunnanensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B961EA8A6E3CFFE6FAF19994FD33CAEA" bold="true" box="[665,746,1171,1195]" pageId="2" pageNumber="296">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A25257F16E3CFFE6FAF19994FD33CAEA" box="[665,746,1171,1195]" pageId="2" pageNumber="296" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
, male, paratype. 
<emphasis id="B961EA8A6E3CFFE6FBF29994FC6ACAEA" bold="true" box="[922,947,1171,1195]" pageId="2" pageNumber="296">A.</emphasis>
Dorsal view; 
<emphasis id="B961EA8A6E3CFFE6FC2C9994FB82CAEA" bold="true" box="[1092,1115,1171,1195]" pageId="2" pageNumber="296">B.</emphasis>
Ditto, ventral view. Scale bars: 0.5 mm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8BAA36986E3CFFE6F8AF99FAFE5BCBC2" blockId="2.[151,1437,1277,1988]" pageId="2" pageNumber="296">Protibiae not expanded to apex, about three times as long as broad; inner side with a conspicuous tuft of long bristles at the apical half; apical angle broadly rounded, with edge bearing a row of spines; outer edge apparently devoid of spines. Meso- and metatibiae not expanded; outer apical angle rounded, not produced, with apical edge with a row of spines.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BAA36986E3CFFE6F8AF9889FC6ECBB1" blockId="2.[151,1437,1277,1988]" pageId="2" pageNumber="296">
Prosternum (
<figureCitation id="132E2A1D6E3CFFE6F930988AFE74CBE9" box="[344,429,1421,1448]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="2.[151,250,1171,1195]" captionTargetBox="[151,1437,181,1147]" captionTargetId="figure-18@2.[151,1437,181,1147]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 1. Habitus of Syncosmetus yunnanensis sp. nov., male, paratype. A. Dorsal view; B. Ditto, ventral view. Scale bars: 0.5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7385172" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7385172/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="296">Fig. 1B</figureCitation>
) in front of coxae slightly biconcave, bearing a distinct longitudinal carina at middle; surface covered by tiny polygonal microsculpture and sparse shallow punctures. Prosternal process with truncate apex. Hypomera surface similar to that of prosternum, but without punctures.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BAA36986E3CFFE6F8AF98FEFEB2C975" blockId="2.[151,1437,1277,1988]" pageId="2" pageNumber="296">
Metaventrite (
<figureCitation id="132E2A1D6E3CFFE6F90098FEFE19C855" box="[360,448,1529,1556]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="2.[151,250,1171,1195]" captionTargetBox="[151,1437,181,1147]" captionTargetId="figure-18@2.[151,1437,181,1147]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 1. Habitus of Syncosmetus yunnanensis sp. nov., male, paratype. A. Dorsal view; B. Ditto, ventral view. Scale bars: 0.5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7385172" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7385172/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="296">Fig. 1B</figureCitation>
) without discrimen; surface covered by tiny polygonal microsculpture; disc with pair of large and round impressions. Abdominal ventrites (
<figureCitation id="132E2A1D6E3CFFE6FA909B1AFC97C879" box="[760,846,1565,1592]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="2.[151,250,1171,1195]" captionTargetBox="[151,1437,181,1147]" captionTargetId="figure-18@2.[151,1437,181,1147]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 1. Habitus of Syncosmetus yunnanensis sp. nov., male, paratype. A. Dorsal view; B. Ditto, ventral view. Scale bars: 0.5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7385172" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7385172/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="296">Fig. 1B</figureCitation>
) with shallow and different-sized elliptic punctures, concentrated at the anterior portion of each ventrite and separated by less than a puncture-width; surface between punctures and elsewhere covered by tiny polygonal microsculpture. Length of the ventrites as follows (mm): 0.24, 0.05, 0.06, 0.07, 0.17. Ventrite bearing a circular, weakly margined setose sex patch at disc. Sternite VIII (
<figureCitation id="132E2A1D6E3CFFE6FD569B8EFA4DC8E5" box="[1342,1428,1673,1700]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="3.[151,250,1112,1136]" captionTargetBox="[235,1352,181,1088]" captionTargetId="figure-25@3.[235,1352,181,1088]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 2. Diagnostic features of Syncosmetus yunnanensis sp. nov., male, paratype. A. Lateral habitus; B. Antenna; C. Sternite VIII; D. Tegmen; E. Penis. Scale bars: 0.5 mm in A; 0.2mm in B &amp; E; 0.1 mm in C &amp; D." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7385174" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7385174/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="296">Fig. 2C</figureCitation>
) subtrapezoidal; posterior edge slightly narrower, weakly curved inward at middle; posterior angles bearing a few long setae. Tegmen (
<figureCitation id="132E2A1D6E3CFFE6F9169BD6FE0CC8AD" box="[382,469,1745,1772]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="3.[151,250,1112,1136]" captionTargetBox="[235,1352,181,1088]" captionTargetId="figure-25@3.[235,1352,181,1088]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 2. Diagnostic features of Syncosmetus yunnanensis sp. nov., male, paratype. A. Lateral habitus; B. Antenna; C. Sternite VIII; D. Tegmen; E. Penis. Scale bars: 0.5 mm in A; 0.2mm in B &amp; E; 0.1 mm in C &amp; D." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7385174" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7385174/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="296">Fig. 2D</figureCitation>
) slender with rounded apex. Penis (
<figureCitation id="132E2A1D6E3CFFE6FB0D9BD6FC60C8AD" box="[869,953,1745,1772]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="3.[151,250,1112,1136]" captionTargetBox="[235,1352,181,1088]" captionTargetId="figure-25@3.[235,1352,181,1088]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 2. Diagnostic features of Syncosmetus yunnanensis sp. nov., male, paratype. A. Lateral habitus; B. Antenna; C. Sternite VIII; D. Tegmen; E. Penis. Scale bars: 0.5 mm in A; 0.2mm in B &amp; E; 0.1 mm in C &amp; D." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7385174" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7385174/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="296">Fig. 2E</figureCitation>
) comparatively much slender than tegmen; basal two-thirds bearing lateral struts; lateral edges subparallel, slightly enlarged near apex and converging to a membranous apex.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BAA36986E3CFFE6F8AF9A39FBEEC93D" blockId="2.[151,1437,1277,1988]" pageId="2" pageNumber="296">Measurements (mm): TL 1.53–1.67 (1.58 ± 0.06), PL 0.63–0.70 (0.66 ± 0.03), PW 0.75–0.82 (0.78 ± 0.03), EL 0.90–0.97 (0.93 ± 0.03), EW 0.88–0.94 (0.91 ± 0.03), GD 0.80–0.85 (0.83 ± 0.02).</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BAA36986E3CFFE6F8AF9A82FA56C982" blockId="2.[151,1437,1277,1988]" pageId="2" pageNumber="296">
Females. Similar to males, but without abdominal sex patch. GW 
<quantity id="4CED9B7D6E3CFFE6FBD39A81FBFDC9E1" box="[955,1060,1926,1952]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="2" pageNumber="296" unit="mm" value="0.1">0.10 mm</quantity>
. Abdominal terminalia with conspicuous gonostyli; gonocoxites transversely divided into two parts; paraprocts shorter than gonocoxites together.
</paragraph>
<caption id="DF6A66106E3DFFE7F8FF995FFB90CAD2" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7385174" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7385174" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7385174/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="297" startId="3.[151,250,1112,1136]" targetBox="[235,1352,181,1088]" targetPageId="3">
<paragraph id="8BAA36986E3DFFE7F8FF995FFB90CAD2" blockId="3.[151,1436,1112,1172]" pageId="3" pageNumber="297">
<emphasis id="B961EA8A6E3DFFE7F8FF995FFECACA31" bold="true" box="[151,275,1112,1136]" pageId="3" pageNumber="297">FIGURE 2.</emphasis>
Diagnostic features of 
<taxonomicName id="4C154D1B6E3DFFE7F997995FFCDDCA31" authority="Jiang &amp; Lopes-Andrade &amp; Liu &amp; Chen, 2022" authorityName="Jiang &amp; Lopes-Andrade &amp; Liu &amp; Chen" authorityYear="2022" box="[511,772,1112,1136]" class="Insecta" family="Ciidae" genus="Syncosmetus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="297" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="yunnanensis" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B961EA8A6E3DFFE7F997995FFCDDCA31" box="[511,772,1112,1136]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="297">Syncosmetus yunnanensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B961EA8A6E3DFFE7FB63995FFC82CA31" bold="true" box="[779,859,1112,1136]" pageId="3" pageNumber="297">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A25257F16E3DFFE7FB63995FFC82CA31" box="[779,859,1112,1136]" pageId="3" pageNumber="297" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
, male, paratype. 
<emphasis id="B961EA8A6E3DFFE7FC62995FFBFACA31" bold="true" box="[1034,1059,1112,1136]" pageId="3" pageNumber="297">A.</emphasis>
Lateral habitus; 
<emphasis id="B961EA8A6E3DFFE7FCA5995FFB3DCA31" bold="true" box="[1229,1252,1112,1136]" pageId="3" pageNumber="297">B.</emphasis>
Antenna; 
<emphasis id="B961EA8A6E3DFFE7FD25995FFABCCA31" bold="true" box="[1357,1381,1112,1136]" pageId="3" pageNumber="297">C.</emphasis>
Sternite VIII; 
<emphasis id="B961EA8A6E3DFFE7F894997BFECCCAD5" bold="true" box="[252,277,1148,1172]" pageId="3" pageNumber="297">D.</emphasis>
Tegmen; 
<emphasis id="B961EA8A6E3DFFE7F911997BFE49CAD5" bold="true" box="[377,400,1148,1172]" pageId="3" pageNumber="297">E.</emphasis>
Penis. Scale bars: 0.5 mm in A; 0.2mm in B &amp; E; 0.1 mm in C &amp; D.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="DF6A66106E3DFFE7F8FF9ACAFCAEC9A4" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7385176" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7385176" box="[151,887,1997,2021]" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7385176/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="297" startId="3.[151,250,1997,2021]" targetBox="[238,1350,1196,1973]" targetPageId="3">
<paragraph id="8BAA36986E3DFFE7F8FF9ACAFCAEC9A4" blockId="3.[151,887,1997,2021]" box="[151,887,1997,2021]" pageId="3" pageNumber="297">
<emphasis id="B961EA8A6E3DFFE7F8FF9ACAFECAC9A4" bold="true" box="[151,275,1997,2021]" pageId="3" pageNumber="297">FIGURE 3.</emphasis>
Distribution of the described 
<taxonomicName id="4C154D1B6E3DFFE7FA2A9ACAFCCAC9A4" box="[578,787,1997,2021]" pageId="3" pageNumber="297">
<emphasis id="B961EA8A6E3DFFE7FA2A9ACAFD1AC9A5" box="[578,707,1997,2020]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="297">Syncosmetus</emphasis>
species
</taxonomicName>
in China.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8BAA36986E3AFFE0F8AF9D90FB71CE94" blockId="4.[151,1436,150,321]" pageId="4" pageNumber="298">Measurements (in mm; n = 4): TL 1.58–1.78 (1.68 ± 0.08), PL 0.65– 0.76 (0.71 ± 0.05), PW 0.77–0.85 (0.81 ± 0.03), EL 0.93–1.02 (0.97 ± 0.03), EW 0.87–0.95 (0.91 ± 0.03), GD 0.82–0.88 (0.85 ± 0.02).</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BAA36986E3AFFE0F8AF9DD9FDCCCEB8" blockId="4.[151,1436,150,321]" box="[199,533,222,249]" pageId="4" pageNumber="298">
<emphasis id="B961EA8A6E3AFFE0F8AF9DD9FEB8CEB9" bold="true" box="[199,353,222,248]" pageId="4" pageNumber="298">Distribution.</emphasis>
<collectingCountry id="F30276086E3AFFE0F90F9DD8FE77CEB8" box="[359,430,223,249]" name="China" pageId="4" pageNumber="298">China</collectingCountry>
: 
<collectingRegion id="49D1F87A6E3AFFE0F9D09DD8FDC8CEB8" box="[440,529,223,249]" country="China" name="Yunnan" pageId="4" pageNumber="298">Yunnan</collectingRegion>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BAA36986E3AFFE0F8AF9C05FDB1CF00" blockId="4.[151,1436,150,321]" pageId="4" pageNumber="298">
<emphasis id="B961EA8A6E3AFFE0F8AF9C05FEFECF5D" bold="true" box="[199,295,258,284]" pageId="4" pageNumber="298">Biology.</emphasis>
All specimens of this species were collected in unidentified polypore basidiomes (similar to 
<taxonomicName id="4C154D1B6E3AFFE0FD5D9C04FF33CF00" pageId="4" pageNumber="298">Trametes species</taxonomicName>
) growing on rotten wood (
<figureCitation id="132E2A1D6E3AFFE0FA7E9C20FD82CF00" box="[534,603,295,321]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1830,1854]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,345,1807]" captionTargetId="figure-82@4.[151,1436,345,1807]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 4. Habitat of Syncosmetus yunnanensis sp. nov. A. General environment; B. Rotten wood with polypore basidiomes; C &amp; D. Polypore basidiomes; E. Live specimen of Syncosmetus yunnanensis sp. nov. on the surface of a polypore basidiome." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7385178" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7385178/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="298">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<caption id="DF6A66106E3AFFE0F8FF9A21FA4AC923" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7385178" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7385178" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7385178/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="298" startId="4.[151,250,1830,1854]" targetBox="[151,1436,345,1807]" targetPageId="4">
<paragraph id="8BAA36986E3AFFE0F8FF9A21FA4AC923" blockId="4.[151,1437,1830,1890]" pageId="4" pageNumber="298">
<emphasis id="B961EA8A6E3AFFE0F8FF9A21FECAC97F" bold="true" box="[151,275,1830,1854]" pageId="4" pageNumber="298">FIGURE 4.</emphasis>
Habitat of 
<taxonomicName id="4C154D1B6E3AFFE0F9ED9A20FD53C97F" authority="Jiang &amp; Lopes-Andrade &amp; Liu &amp; Chen, 2022" authorityName="Jiang &amp; Lopes-Andrade &amp; Liu &amp; Chen" authorityYear="2022" box="[389,650,1831,1854]" class="Insecta" family="Ciidae" genus="Syncosmetus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="298" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="yunnanensis" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B961EA8A6E3AFFE0F9ED9A20FD53C97F" box="[389,650,1831,1854]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="298">Syncosmetus yunnanensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B961EA8A6E3AFFE0FAF89A21FCD9C97F" bold="true" box="[656,768,1830,1854]" pageId="4" pageNumber="298">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A25257F16E3AFFE0FAF89A21FD38C97F" box="[656,737,1830,1854]" pageId="4" pageNumber="298" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
A.
</emphasis>
General environment; 
<emphasis id="B961EA8A6E3AFFE0FB829A21FBD8C97F" bold="true" box="[1002,1025,1830,1854]" pageId="4" pageNumber="298">B.</emphasis>
Rotten wood with polypore basidiomes; 
<emphasis id="B961EA8A6E3AFFE0F8FF9A4DFF3DC923" bold="true" box="[151,228,1866,1890]" pageId="4" pageNumber="298">C &amp; D.</emphasis>
Polypore basidiomes; 
<emphasis id="B961EA8A6E3AFFE0F9A39A4DFE3AC923" bold="true" box="[459,483,1866,1890]" pageId="4" pageNumber="298">E.</emphasis>
Live specimen of 
<taxonomicName id="4C154D1B6E3AFFE0FAF79A4CFC7DC923" authority="Jiang &amp; Lopes-Andrade &amp; Liu &amp; Chen, 2022" authorityName="Jiang &amp; Lopes-Andrade &amp; Liu &amp; Chen" authorityYear="2022" box="[671,932,1867,1890]" class="Insecta" family="Ciidae" genus="Syncosmetus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="298" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="yunnanensis" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B961EA8A6E3AFFE0FAF79A4CFC7DC923" box="[671,932,1867,1890]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="298">Syncosmetus yunnanensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B961EA8A6E3AFFE0FBC29A4DFC22C923" bold="true" box="[938,1019,1866,1890]" pageId="4" pageNumber="298">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A25257F16E3AFFE0FBC29A4DFC22C923" box="[938,1019,1866,1890]" pageId="4" pageNumber="298" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
on the surface of a polypore basidiome.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<subSubSection id="C30F65136E3AFFE0F8AF9A96FB4EC9EB" box="[199,1175,1936,1963]" pageId="4" pageNumber="298" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BAA36986E3AFFE0F8AF9A96FB4EC9EB" blockId="4.[151,1437,1936,2035]" box="[199,1175,1936,1963]" pageId="4" pageNumber="298">
<emphasis id="B961EA8A6E3AFFE0F8AF9A96FE97C9EA" bold="true" box="[199,334,1937,1963]" pageId="4" pageNumber="298">Etymology.</emphasis>
The specific epithet refers to the 
<typeStatus id="54AE883A6E3AFFE0FAAD9A96FD2CC9EA" box="[709,757,1937,1963]" pageId="4" pageNumber="298">type</typeStatus>
locality, 
<collectingRegion id="49D1F87A6E3AFFE0FB339A96FBC6C9EB" box="[859,1055,1936,1963]" country="China" name="Yunnan" pageId="4" pageNumber="298">Yunnan Province</collectingRegion>
; adjective.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C30F65136E3AFFE1F8AF9AB3FA87CC7C" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="299" pageId="4" pageNumber="298" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="8BAA36986E3AFFE1F8AF9AB3FA87CC7C" blockId="4.[151,1437,1936,2035]" lastBlockId="5.[151,1437,151,573]" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="299" pageId="4" pageNumber="298">
<emphasis id="B961EA8A6E3AFFE0F8AF9AB3FE96C98F" bold="true" box="[199,335,1972,1998]" pageId="4" pageNumber="298">Comments.</emphasis>
Species of 
<taxonomicName id="4C154D1B6E3AFFE0F9A79AB2FD87C98E" authorityName=", Miyatake" authorityYear="1954" box="[463,606,1973,1999]" class="Insecta" family="Ciidae" genus="Syncosmetus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="298" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B961EA8A6E3AFFE0F9A79AB2FD87C98E" box="[463,606,1973,1999]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="298">Syncosmetus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
are known only from 
<collectingCountry id="F30276086E3AFFE0FB3C9AB2FC66C98F" box="[852,959,1972,1999]" name="China" pageId="4" pageNumber="298">East Asia</collectingCountry>
, in areas belonging to the Palearctic region (
<collectingCountry id="F30276086E3AFFE0F8F79ADEFF3BC9B2" box="[159,226,2009,2035]" name="Japan" pageId="4" pageNumber="298">Japan</collectingCountry>
) and the Chinese transition zone (
<bibRefCitation id="EF844B696E3AFFE0FA319ADFFBE8C9B2" author="Souza-Goncalves, I. &amp; Lopes-Andrade, C." box="[601,1073,2008,2035]" pageId="4" pageNumber="298" pagination="13730" refId="ref4425" refString="Souza-Goncalves, I. &amp; Lopes-Andrade, C. (2017) Taxonomy of Xylographellini (Coleoptera: Ciidae) from the Australian and Oriental regions with descriptions of new species of Scolytocis and Xylographella. Zoologia, 34, e 13730. https: // doi. org / 10.3897 / zoologia. 34. e 13730" type="journal article" year="2017">Souza-Gonçalves &amp; Lopes-Andrade 2017</bibRefCitation>
). They have narrow distributional ranges, are flightless, seldom collected and only adults were described up to date. Little information is available about their microhabitats and feeding habits. 
<taxonomicName id="4C154D1B6E3BFFE1FAF49DBCFC78CE95" authorityName="Sharp" authorityYear="1891" box="[668,929,187,213]" class="Insecta" family="Ciidae" genus="Syncosmetus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="299" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="japonicus">
<emphasis id="B961EA8A6E3BFFE1FAF49DBCFC78CE95" box="[668,929,187,213]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="299">Syncosmetus japonicus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has breeding records in 
<taxonomicName id="4C154D1B6E3BFFE1FCD49DBCFA4CCE94" box="[1212,1429,187,213]" class="Agaricomycetes" family="Polyporaceae" genus="Fomes" kingdom="Fungi" order="Polyporales" pageId="5" pageNumber="299" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="species" species="fomentarius">
<emphasis id="B961EA8A6E3BFFE1FCD49DBCFA4CCE94" box="[1212,1429,187,213]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="299">Fomes fomentarius</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="4C154D1B6E3BFFE1F8FF9DD8FE75CEB8" baseAuthorityName="Kawanabe" baseAuthorityYear="1998" box="[151,428,223,249]" class="Agaricomycetes" family="Ganodermataceae" genus="Ganoderma" kingdom="Fungi" order="Polyporales" pageId="5" pageNumber="299" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="species" species="applanatum">
<emphasis id="B961EA8A6E3BFFE1F8FF9DD8FE75CEB8" box="[151,428,223,249]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="299">Ganoderma applanatum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="4C154D1B6E3BFFE1F9D49DD8FD58CEB8" box="[444,641,223,249]" class="Agaricomycetes" family="Hymenochaetaceae" genus="Inonotus" kingdom="Fungi" order="Hymenochaetales" pageId="5" pageNumber="299" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="species" species="mikadoi">
<emphasis id="B961EA8A6E3BFFE1F9D49DD8FD58CEB8" box="[444,641,223,249]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="299">Inonotus mikadoi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName id="4C154D1B6E3BFFE1FAD49DD8FC0ECEB8" box="[700,983,223,249]" class="Agaricomycetes" family="Hymenochaetaceae" genus="Pyrrhoderma" kingdom="Fungi" order="Hymenochaetales" pageId="5" pageNumber="299" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="species" species="sendaiense">
<emphasis id="B961EA8A6E3BFFE1FAD49DD8FC0ECEB8" box="[700,983,223,249]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="299">Pyrrhoderma sendaiense</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EF844B696E3BFFE1FB8F9DD8FB7DCEB8" author="Kawanabe, M." box="[999,1188,223,249]" pageId="5" pageNumber="299" pagination="311 - 312" refId="ref3725" refString="Kawanabe, M. (1998) List of the host fungi of the Japanese Ciidae (Coleoptera), III. Elytra, 26 (2), 311 - 312." type="journal article" year="1998">Kawanabe 1998</bibRefCitation>
, 
<bibRefCitation id="EF844B696E3BFFE1FCD99DD8FB34CEB8" author="Kawanabe, M." box="[1201,1261,223,249]" pageId="5" pageNumber="299" pagination="404" refId="ref3758" refString="Kawanabe, M. (1999) List of the host fungi of the Japanese Ciidae (Coleoptera), IV. Elytra, 27 (2), 404." type="journal article" year="1999">1999</bibRefCitation>
), with doubtful records in 
<taxonomicName id="4C154D1B6E3BFFE1F97B9C04FE2ECF5C" box="[275,503,259,285]" class="Agaricomycetes" family="Hymenochaetaceae" genus="Inonotus" kingdom="Fungi" order="Hymenochaetales" pageId="5" pageNumber="299" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="species" species="cuticularis">
<emphasis id="B961EA8A6E3BFFE1F97B9C04FE2ECF5C" box="[275,503,259,285]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="299">Inonotus cuticularis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="4C154D1B6E3BFFE1FA6F9C04FD44CF5C" box="[519,669,259,285]" class="Agaricomycetes" family="Pleurotaceae" genus="Pleurotus" kingdom="Fungi" order="Agaricales" pageId="5" pageNumber="299" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="species" species="undetermined">
<emphasis id="B961EA8A6E3BFFE1FA6F9C04FDAACF5C" box="[519,627,259,285]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="299">Pleurotus</emphasis>
sp.
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName id="4C154D1B6E3BFFE1FAB19C04FC62CF5C" box="[729,955,259,285]" class="Agaricomycetes" family="Polyporaceae" genus="Trametes" kingdom="Fungi" order="Polyporales" pageId="5" pageNumber="299" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="species" species="versicolor">
<emphasis id="B961EA8A6E3BFFE1FAB19C04FC62CF5C" box="[729,955,259,285]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="299">Trametes versicolor</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EF844B696E3BFFE1FBA49C04FB50CF5C" author="Kawanabe, M." box="[972,1161,258,285]" pageId="5" pageNumber="299" pagination="312" refId="ref3661" refString="Kawanabe, M. (1995) List of the host fungi of the Japanese Ciidae (Coleoptera), I. Elytra, 23 (2), 312." type="journal article" year="1995">Kawanabe 1995</bibRefCitation>
, 1996; 
<bibRefCitation id="EF844B696E3BFFE1FC889C04FA49CF5C" author="Miyatake, M." box="[1248,1424,258,285]" pageId="5" pageNumber="299" pagination="40 - 67" refId="ref4221" refString="Miyatake, M. (1954) Studies on the Japanese Ciidae, I (Coleoptera). The Scientific Reports of the Matsuyama Agricultural College, 14, 40 - 67, pls. 1 - 11." type="journal article" year="1954">Miyatake 1954</bibRefCitation>
). 
<taxonomicName id="4C154D1B6E3BFFE1F8FF9C20FE7ACF00" authorityName="Miyatake" authorityYear="1985" box="[151,419,295,321]" class="Insecta" family="Ciidae" genus="Syncosmetus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="299" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="reticulatus">
<emphasis id="B961EA8A6E3BFFE1F8FF9C20FE7ACF00" box="[151,419,295,321]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="299">Syncosmetus reticulatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has breeding records in 
<taxonomicName id="4C154D1B6E3BFFE1FAC69C20FC5CCF00" box="[686,901,295,321]" class="Agaricomycetes" family="Polyporaceae" genus="Fomes" kingdom="Fungi" order="Polyporales" pageId="5" pageNumber="299" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="species" species="fomentarius">
<emphasis id="B961EA8A6E3BFFE1FAC69C20FC5CCF00" box="[686,901,295,321]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="299">Fomes fomentarius</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName id="4C154D1B6E3BFFE1FBD09C20FA4ECF00" authority="(Kawanabe 1998)" baseAuthorityName="Kawanabe" baseAuthorityYear="1998" box="[952,1431,295,321]" class="Agaricomycetes" family="Ganodermataceae" genus="Ganoderma" kingdom="Fungi" order="Polyporales" pageId="5" pageNumber="299" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="species" species="applanatum">
<emphasis id="B961EA8A6E3BFFE1FBD09C20FB10CF00" box="[952,1225,295,321]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="299">Ganoderma applanatum</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EF844B696E3BFFE1FCBE9C20FA49CF00" author="Kawanabe, M." box="[1238,1424,295,321]" pageId="5" pageNumber="299" pagination="311 - 312" refId="ref3725" refString="Kawanabe, M. (1998) List of the host fungi of the Japanese Ciidae (Coleoptera), III. Elytra, 26 (2), 311 - 312." type="journal article" year="1998">Kawanabe 1998</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
, and the previously described Chinese species were collected by sifting forest litter (
<bibRefCitation id="EF844B696E3BFFE1FC5F9C4CFF0DCFC8" author="Lopes-Andrade, C. &amp; Grebennikov, V. V." pageId="5" pageNumber="299" pagination="463 - 480" refId="ref4054" refString="Lopes-Andrade, C. &amp; Grebennikov, V. V. (2015) First record and five new species of Xylographellini (Coleoptera: Ciidae) from China, with online DNA barcode library of the family. Zootaxa, 4006 (3), 463 - 480. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4006.3.3" type="journal article" year="2015">Lopes-Andrade &amp; Grebennikov 2015</bibRefCitation>
). Flightless species of a few ciid genera are collected in forest litter, as summarized by 
<bibRefCitation id="EF844B696E3BFFE1FCFE9C68FA41CFC8" author="Lopes-Andrade, C." box="[1174,1432,367,393]" pageId="5" pageNumber="299" pagination="35 - 47" refId="ref3962" refString="Lopes-Andrade, C. (2007) Neoapterocis, a new genus of apterous Ciidae (Coleoptera: Tenebrionoidea) from Chile and Mexico. Zootaxa, 1481 (1), 35 - 47. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 1481.1.3" type="journal article" year="2007">Lopes-Andrade (2007)</bibRefCitation>
, and it is still early to state whether these “litter” species are detritivores of dead plant material, consumers of microfungi, or are simply caught while dispersing through the litter. However, it can be stated that the collection of basidiomes alone does not guarantee a good sampling of ciid beetles for broad faunistic or taxonomic works on the family (
<bibRefCitation id="EF844B696E3BFFE1F8879CF8FE3DCC58" author="Lopes-Andrade, C." box="[239,484,511,537]" pageId="5" pageNumber="299" pagination="35 - 47" refId="ref3962" refString="Lopes-Andrade, C. (2007) Neoapterocis, a new genus of apterous Ciidae (Coleoptera: Tenebrionoidea) from Chile and Mexico. Zootaxa, 1481 (1), 35 - 47. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 1481.1.3" type="journal article" year="2007">Lopes-Andrade 2007</bibRefCitation>
). Within the genus 
<taxonomicName id="4C154D1B6E3BFFE1FAD49CF8FC92CC58" authorityName=", Miyatake" authorityYear="1954" box="[700,843,511,537]" class="Insecta" family="Ciidae" genus="Syncosmetus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="299" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B961EA8A6E3BFFE1FAD49CF8FC92CC58" box="[700,843,511,537]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="299">Syncosmetus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="4C154D1B6E3BFFE1FB329CF8FBD9CC59" authorityName="Jiang &amp; Lopes-Andrade &amp; Liu &amp; Chen" authorityYear="2022" box="[858,1024,511,537]" class="Insecta" family="Ciidae" genus="Syncosmetus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="299" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="yunnanensis">
<emphasis id="B961EA8A6E3BFFE1FB329CF8FBD9CC59" box="[858,1024,511,537]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="299">S. yunnanensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is extraordinary due to its pronotum bearing four conspicuous longitudinal ridges, a feature not observed in any other described 
<taxonomicName id="4C154D1B6E3BFFE1FCF09F24FB38CC7C" authorityName="Leach" authorityYear="1819" box="[1176,1249,547,573]" class="Insecta" family="Ciidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="299" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Ciidae</taxonomicName>
up to date.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>