529 lines
70 KiB
XML
529 lines
70 KiB
XML
<document id="72B4D0ABBEFD17C641A7523DEB51DDA9" ID-CLB-Dataset="9439" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.4885.1.2" ID-GBIF-Dataset="a8dbace4-1fba-463b-83b1-30929555b4bb" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4296339" ID-ZooBank="3BFEB64C-FEA7-445F-AB3B-DFB3AECF9543" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1606672245869" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Wanke, Dominic, Hausmann, Axel, Sihvonen, Pasi, Krogmann, Lars & Rajaei, Hossein" docDate="2020" docId="03BB942B5A2DFFFDFF3AFD6BFD9AFD94" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.4885.1.2.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 4885 (1)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Synopsia Hubner 1825" docType="treatment" docVersion="7" lastPageNumber="32" masterDocId="FF82EC535A2FFFF8FFADFFD8FFD0FFF5" masterDocTitle="Integrative taxonomic review of the genus Synopsia Hübner, 1825 in the Middle East (Lepidoptera: Geometridae: Ennominae)" masterLastPageNumber="50" masterPageNumber="27" pageNumber="29" updateTime="1698846668142" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CLOSED">
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<mods:title id="2996767A5F70D908BD2D4C9E34D6298C">Integrative taxonomic review of the genus Synopsia Hübner, 1825 in the Middle East (Lepidoptera: Geometridae: Ennominae)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="EB53D3A97A8A417C2D414EA8F977677A">Wanke, Dominic</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="9D86451AA0DF0889549941457E557B71">University of Hohenheim, Schloss Hohenheim 1, D- 70599 Stuttgart, Germany</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="C27AD7632D7912CCE72226FA0C4AC5DD">Hausmann, Axel</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="040D24ECEA2CA1F4D912708AF689A901">SNSB-ZSM, Bavarian State Collection of Zoology, Münchhausenstr. 21, D- 81247 Munich, Germany</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="697A48B77D5D833D5AD0F969716DB252">Sihvonen, Pasi</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="5CD62A1B1C2D0B128D975074767DC827">Finnish Museum of Natural History, Zoology Unit, University of Helsinki, P. O. Box 17, FI- 00014</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="574F4E2092AEDEBE7928AD8D7069CB2C">Krogmann, Lars</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="230B49AE8D8C8464044EC404828BE6A1">University of Hohenheim, Schloss Hohenheim 1, D- 70599 Stuttgart, Germany & lars. krogmann @ smns-bw. de; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0002 - 3724 - 1735</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="62E9B6E4F6C78E025B1DF0BD0C886F35">Rajaei, Hossein</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="28CD86827F1D62A572C0390F9EB997B8">hossein. rajaei @ smns-bw. de; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0002 - 3940 - 3734</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:title id="ECE432F1A31B54739FF969369F6D2176">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="1464F1260C8D4DCF54F86691BE294651">2020</mods:date>
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<treatment id="03BB942B5A2DFFFDFF3AFD6BFD9AFD94" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4328364" ID-GBIF-Taxon="170676439" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4328364" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03BB942B5A2DFFFDFF3AFD6BFD9AFD94" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03BB942B5A2DFFFDFF3AFD6BFD9AFD94" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="32" pageId="2" pageNumber="29">
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<subSubSection id="C30876B65A2DFFFAFF3AFD6BFE64FD39" box="[151,436,690,717]" pageId="2" pageNumber="29" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8BAD253D5A2DFFFAFF3AFD6BFE64FD39" blockId="2.[151,436,690,717]" box="[151,436,690,717]" pageId="2" pageNumber="29">
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<heading id="D0E592515A2DFFFAFF3AFD6BFE64FD39" bold="true" box="[151,436,690,717]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="2" pageNumber="29" reason="1">
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<taxonomicName id="4C125EBE5A2DFFFAFF3AFD6BFE64FD39" ID-CoL="92NNH" authority="Hubner, 1825" authorityName="Hubner" authorityYear="1825" box="[151,436,690,717]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Synopsia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="29" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B966F92F5A2DFFFAFF3AFD6BFE64FD39" bold="true" box="[151,436,690,717]" pageId="2" pageNumber="29">
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<emphasis id="B966F92F5A2DFFFAFF3AFD6BFED4FD38" bold="true" box="[151,260,691,717]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="29">Synopsia</emphasis>
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Hübner, 1825
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</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C30876B65A2DFFFAFC02FD20FEF8FCD8" pageId="2" pageNumber="29" type="type_taxon">
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<paragraph id="8BAD253D5A2DFFFAFC02FD20FEF8FCD8" blockId="2.[151,1437,759,875]" pageId="2" pageNumber="29">
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<typeStatus id="54A99B9F5A2DFFFAFC02FD20FC31FCE5" box="[943,993,760,784]" pageId="2" pageNumber="29">Type</typeStatus>
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species:
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<taxonomicName id="4C125EBE5A2DFFFAFBE9FD20FA4DFCFA" ID-CoL="95BD8" authority="Hubner, 1799" authorityName="Hubner" authorityYear="1799" box="[1092,1437,759,783]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Geometra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="29" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sociaria">
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<emphasis id="B966F92F5A2DFFFAFBE9FD20FAD6FCFA" box="[1092,1286,760,783]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="29">Geometra sociaria</emphasis>
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Hübner, 1799
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</taxonomicName>
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[Europe].
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C30876B65A2DFFFAFF3AFD2FFB4BFB79" pageId="2" pageNumber="29" type="discussion">
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<paragraph id="8BAD253D5A2DFFFAFF3AFD2FFC77FCFA" blockId="2.[151,1437,759,875]" box="[151,935,759,783]" pageId="2" pageNumber="29">
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<taxonomicName id="4C125EBE5A2DFFFAFF3AFD2FFE09FCFA" authority="Hubner, [1825]" authorityName="Hubner" authorityYear="1825" box="[151,473,759,783]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Synopsia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="29" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B966F92F5A2DFFFAFF3AFD2FFF22FCFB" box="[151,242,759,782]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="29">Synopsia</emphasis>
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Hübner, [1825] 1816
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</taxonomicName>
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. Verzeichnis bekannter Schmetterlinge, 317.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BAD253D5A2DFFFAFF3AFCECFC76FC9E" blockId="2.[151,1437,759,875]" pageId="2" pageNumber="29">
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<taxonomicName id="4C125EBE5A2DFFFAFF3AFCECFE62FCB9" authority="Djakonov, 1935" authorityName="Djakonov" authorityYear="1935" box="[151,434,820,844]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Synopsidia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="29" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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||
<emphasis id="B966F92F5A2DFFFAFF3AFCECFED6FCB9" box="[151,262,820,844]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="29">Synopsidia</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF8358CC5A2DFFFAFEA0FCECFE62FCB9" author="Djakonov" box="[269,434,820,844]" pageId="2" pageNumber="29" pagination="142 - 147" refId="ref9736" refString="Djakonov, (1935) Un nouveau representant du genre Synopsia LD. (Lepidoptera, Geometridae) de la Transcaucasie. Lambillionea, 35, pp. 142 - 147." type="journal article" year="1935">Djakonov, 1935</bibRefCitation>
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||
</taxonomicName>
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||
. Lambillionea 35, 147.
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||
<typeStatus id="54A99B9F5A2DFFFAFD0CFCEDFD03FCB8" box="[673,723,821,845]" pageId="2" pageNumber="29">Type</typeStatus>
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||
species:
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<taxonomicName id="4C125EBE5A2DFFFAFC9CFCEDFB58FCB9" authority="Djakonov, 1935" authorityName="Djakonov" authorityYear="1935" box="[817,1160,820,844]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Synopsia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="29" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="znojkoi">
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<emphasis id="B966F92F5A2DFFFAFC9CFCEDFC0CFCB9" box="[817,988,820,844]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="29">Synopsia znojkoi</emphasis>
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||
<bibRefCitation id="EF8358CC5A2DFFFAFC4EFCECFB58FCB9" author="Djakonov" box="[995,1160,820,844]" pageId="2" pageNumber="29" pagination="142 - 147" refId="ref9736" refString="Djakonov, (1935) Un nouveau representant du genre Synopsia LD. (Lepidoptera, Geometridae) de la Transcaucasie. Lambillionea, 35, pp. 142 - 147." type="journal article" year="1935">Djakonov, 1935</bibRefCitation>
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||
</taxonomicName>
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. Herewith regarded as
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<emphasis id="B966F92F5A2DFFFAFADCFCEDFEF8FC9E" bold="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="29">new synonym</emphasis>
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of
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<taxonomicName id="4C125EBE5A2DFFFAFEE7FC8BFE75FC9F" authorityName="Hubner" authorityYear="1825" box="[330,421,851,874]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Synopsia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="29" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B966F92F5A2DFFFAFEE7FC8BFE75FC9F" box="[330,421,851,874]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="29">Synopsia</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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based on morphological examination (see below).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BAD253D5A2DFFFAFF3AFC41FB4BFB79" blockId="2.[151,1437,921,1956]" pageId="2" pageNumber="29">
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<emphasis id="B966F92F5A2DFFFAFF3AFC41FE53FC46" bold="true" box="[151,387,921,947]" pageId="2" pageNumber="29">Taxonomic remark.</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName id="4C125EBE5A2DFFFAFE27FC41FDD5FC46" authorityName="Djakonov" authorityYear="1935" box="[394,517,921,947]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Synopsidia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="29" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B966F92F5A2DFFFAFE27FC41FDD5FC46" box="[394,517,921,947]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="29">Synopsidia</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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has been described as subgenus of
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<taxonomicName id="4C125EBE5A2DFFFAFC3BFC42FC2BFC41" authorityName="Hubner" authorityYear="1825" box="[918,1019,922,948]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Synopsia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="29" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B966F92F5A2DFFFAFC3BFC42FC2BFC41" box="[918,1019,922,948]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="29">Synopsia</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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referring to the absence of a proboscis (which is also rudimentarily developed in
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<taxonomicName id="4C125EBE5A2DFFFAFD0DFC66FCD5FC2D" authorityName="Hubner" authorityYear="1825" box="[672,773,958,984]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Synopsia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="29" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B966F92F5A2DFFFAFD0DFC66FCD5FC2D" box="[672,773,958,984]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="29">Synopsia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
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||
(see
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||
<figureCitation id="132939B85A2DFFFAFCEFFC65FCAEFC22" box="[834,894,957,983]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="3.[151,250,1878,1902]" captionTargetBox="[183,1396,166,1862]" captionTargetId="figure-116@3.[181,1398,166,1866]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 1. Structures of the head and antennae of Synopsia sociaria and Synopsia phasidaria comb. nov.. A male and C female head of Synopsia sociaria (proboscis rudimentary developed); B male and D female head of Synopsia phasidaria comb. nov. (proboscis strongly reduced, not reaching through the labial palps). E male bipectinate antennae and F female filiform antennae of Synopsia sociaria. G male bipectinate antennae and H, I female bipectinate antennae (slightly differing in specimens) of Synopsia phasidaria comb. nov.. Abbreviations: lbp – labial palps; prb – proboscis. Photos E-I in scale (scale-bar 1 mm)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4296341" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4296341/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="29">figs 1</figureCitation>
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A–D)), a simplified wing pattern, a blunter and broader uncus, as well as a smaller number of cornuti on the vesica (
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<bibRefCitation id="EF8358CC5A2DFFFAFC38FC39FB98FC09" author="Djakonov" box="[917,1096,993,1020]" pageId="2" pageNumber="29" pagination="142 - 147" refId="ref9736" refString="Djakonov, (1935) Un nouveau representant du genre Synopsia LD. (Lepidoptera, Geometridae) de la Transcaucasie. Lambillionea, 35, pp. 142 - 147." type="journal article" year="1935">Djakonov 1935</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Also, within the diagnosis of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C125EBE5A2DFFFAFF3AFBDDFEC2FBEA" authorityName="Djakonov" authorityYear="1935" box="[151,274,1029,1055]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Synopsidia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="29" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B966F92F5A2DFFFAFF3AFBDDFEC2FBEA" box="[151,274,1029,1055]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="29">Synopsidia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(see
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<bibRefCitation id="EF8358CC5A2DFFFAFEE1FBDDFE2CFBD5" author="Djakonov" box="[332,508,1029,1056]" pageId="2" pageNumber="29" pagination="142 - 147" refId="ref9736" refString="Djakonov, (1935) Un nouveau representant du genre Synopsia LD. (Lepidoptera, Geometridae) de la Transcaucasie. Lambillionea, 35, pp. 142 - 147." type="journal article" year="1935">Djakonov 1935</bibRefCitation>
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||
), all characters and similarities with
|
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<taxonomicName id="4C125EBE5A2DFFFAFC38FBDEFC2AFBD5" authorityName="Hubner" authorityYear="1825" box="[917,1018,1030,1056]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Synopsia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="29" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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||
<emphasis id="B966F92F5A2DFFFAFC38FBDEFC2AFBD5" box="[917,1018,1030,1056]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="29">Synopsia</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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were stated (e.g., the congruent wing venation (
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<figureCitation id="132939B85A2DFFFAFEAAFBF1FE92FBB6" box="[263,322,1065,1091]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1604,1628]" captionTargetBox="[197,1411,637,1533]" captionTargetId="figure-219@5.[151,1436,633,1539]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 3. Wing venation of male specimens of A: Synopsia (S. sociaria type species for the genus) and B: Synopsidia (S. phasidaria) syn. nov. of Synopsia. Note that both wing venations do not show significant differences." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4296345" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4296345/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="29">fig. 3</figureCitation>
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) and details of the genitalia structures). Later,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C125EBE5A2DFFFAFCE6FBF1FC16FBB6" authorityName="Djakonov" authorityYear="1935" box="[843,966,1065,1091]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Synopsidia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="29" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B966F92F5A2DFFFAFCE6FBF1FC16FBB6" box="[843,966,1065,1091]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="29">Synopsidia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
was raised to genus rank referring only to the absence of the proboscis (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF8358CC5A2DFFFAFE73FB95FDBDFB92" author="Brandt, W." box="[478,621,1101,1127]" pageId="2" pageNumber="29" pagination="1 - 72" refId="ref9704" refString="Brandt, W. (1938) Beitrag zur Lepidopteren-Fauna von Iran. Neue Gattungen, Arten und Formen (Macrolepidoptera). Entomologische Rundschau, 55, 1 - 72." type="journal article" year="1938">Brandt 1938</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, Wehrli 1954). Our investigation supports the view that
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C125EBE5A2DFFFAFB76FB95FA86FB92" authorityName="Djakonov" authorityYear="1935" box="[1243,1366,1101,1127]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Synopsidia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="29" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B966F92F5A2DFFFAFB76FB95FA86FB92" box="[1243,1366,1101,1127]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="29">Synopsidia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
needs to be regarded as a new synonym of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C125EBE5A2DFFFAFD9FFBAAFD47FB79" authorityName="Hubner" authorityYear="1825" box="[562,663,1138,1164]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Synopsia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="29" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B966F92F5A2DFFFAFD9FFBAAFD47FB79" box="[562,663,1138,1164]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="29">Synopsia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
based on similar morphology (see diagnosis).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C30876B65A2DFFFDFF6AFB4DFD9AFD94" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="32" pageId="2" pageNumber="29" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BAD253D5A2DFFFAFF6AFB4DFADCFA5E" blockId="2.[151,1437,921,1956]" pageId="2" pageNumber="29">
|
||
<emphasis id="B966F92F5A2DFFFAFF6AFB4DFDD3FB5A" bold="true" box="[199,515,1173,1199]" pageId="2" pageNumber="29">Description and diagnosis.</emphasis>
|
||
<emphasis id="B966F92F5A2DFFFAFDA7FB4EFD6EFB5A" box="[522,702,1173,1199]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="29">Wings and body</emphasis>
|
||
. Medium-sized moths (wingspan between
|
||
<quantity id="4CEA88D85A2DFFFAFB0FFB4DFACFFB45" box="[1186,1311,1173,1200]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.5" metricValueMax="4.4" metricValueMin="2.6" pageId="2" pageNumber="29" unit="mm" value="35.0" valueMax="44.0" valueMin="26.0">26–44 mm</quantity>
|
||
). Antennae bipectinate in males, filiform or bipectinate in females (if bipectinate, length of branches from
|
||
<quantity id="4CEA88D85A2DFFFAFB1AFB61FADDFB21" box="[1207,1293,1209,1236]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="2" pageNumber="29" unit="mm" value="0.1">0.1 mm</quantity>
|
||
to
|
||
<quantity id="4CEA88D85A2DFFFAFA9DFB61FA44FB21" box="[1328,1428,1209,1236]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.8" pageId="2" pageNumber="29" unit="mm" value="0.48">0.48 mm</quantity>
|
||
) (
|
||
<figureCitation id="132939B85A2DFFFAFF32FB05FF2FFB02" box="[159,255,1245,1271]" captionStart-0="FIGURE 1" captionStart-1="FIGURE 2" captionStartId-0="3.[151,250,1878,1902]" captionStartId-1="4.[151,250,1943,1967]" captionTargetBox-0="[183,1396,166,1862]" captionTargetBox-1="[180,1408,185,1916]" captionTargetId-0="figure-116@3.[181,1398,166,1866]" captionTargetId-1="figure-28@4.[176,1412,181,1922]" captionTargetPageId-0="3" captionTargetPageId-1="4" captionText-0="FIGURE 1. Structures of the head and antennae of Synopsia sociaria and Synopsia phasidaria comb. nov.. A male and C female head of Synopsia sociaria (proboscis rudimentary developed); B male and D female head of Synopsia phasidaria comb. nov. (proboscis strongly reduced, not reaching through the labial palps). E male bipectinate antennae and F female filiform antennae of Synopsia sociaria. G male bipectinate antennae and H, I female bipectinate antennae (slightly differing in specimens) of Synopsia phasidaria comb. nov.. Abbreviations: lbp – labial palps; prb – proboscis. Photos E-I in scale (scale-bar 1 mm)." captionText-1="FIGURE 2. SEM close-up photos of the two different forms of bipectinate antennae in female of Synopsia phasidaria comb. nov.. Photos A strongly bipectinate (A1 lateral, A2 ventral); B weakly bipectinate (B1 lateral, B2 ventral). Scale-bar 100 µm." figureDoi-0="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4296341" figureDoi-1="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4296343" httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/4296341/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/4296343/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="29">figs 1–2</figureCitation>
|
||
). Proboscis reduced or represented by barely visible rudimentary slats (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF8358CC5A2DFFFAFB89FB05FB05FB0D" author="Djakonov" box="[1060,1237,1245,1272]" pageId="2" pageNumber="29" pagination="142 - 147" refId="ref9736" refString="Djakonov, (1935) Un nouveau representant du genre Synopsia LD. (Lepidoptera, Geometridae) de la Transcaucasie. Lambillionea, 35, pp. 142 - 147." type="journal article" year="1935">Djakonov 1935</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) (see
|
||
<figureCitation id="132939B85A2DFFFAFAB7FB05FA80FB02" box="[1306,1360,1245,1271]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="3.[151,250,1878,1902]" captionTargetBox="[183,1396,166,1862]" captionTargetId="figure-116@3.[181,1398,166,1866]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 1. Structures of the head and antennae of Synopsia sociaria and Synopsia phasidaria comb. nov.. A male and C female head of Synopsia sociaria (proboscis rudimentary developed); B male and D female head of Synopsia phasidaria comb. nov. (proboscis strongly reduced, not reaching through the labial palps). E male bipectinate antennae and F female filiform antennae of Synopsia sociaria. G male bipectinate antennae and H, I female bipectinate antennae (slightly differing in specimens) of Synopsia phasidaria comb. nov.. Abbreviations: lbp – labial palps; prb – proboscis. Photos E-I in scale (scale-bar 1 mm)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4296341" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4296341/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="29">fig. 1</figureCitation>
|
||
A–D). Wings brown with light grey areas, bright beige or white to darker yellow with some brown spots (wings white with dark brown veins in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C125EBE5A2DFFFAFE11FAFEFE2CFAB5" authorityName="Duponchel" authorityYear="1829" box="[444,508,1318,1344]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Siona" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="29" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B966F92F5A2DFFFAFE11FAFEFE2CFAB5" box="[444,508,1318,1344]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="29">Siona</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
; wings light yellow, strongly intermixed with brown in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C125EBE5A2DFFFAFBD7FAFEFB25FACA" authorityName="Prout" authorityYear="1915" box="[1146,1269,1318,1343]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Hypoxystis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="29" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B966F92F5A2DFFFAFBD7FAFEFB25FACA" box="[1146,1269,1318,1343]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="29">Hypoxystis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
; varying combinations of yellow and orange in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C125EBE5A2DFFFAFD8CFA92FD5EFA91" authorityName="Duponchel" authorityYear="1829" box="[545,654,1354,1380]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Angerona" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="29" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B966F92F5A2DFFFAFD8CFA92FD5EFA91" box="[545,654,1354,1380]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="29">Angerona</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
; varying shades of brown in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C125EBE5A2DFFFAFC72FA91FBABFA96" authorityName="Warren" authorityYear="1894" box="[991,1147,1353,1379]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Phthonandria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="29" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B966F92F5A2DFFFAFC72FA91FBABFA96" box="[991,1147,1353,1379]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="29">Phthonandria</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
; golden brown-yellow in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C125EBE5A2DFFFAFF3AFAB5FEECFA72" authorityName="Wehrli" authorityYear="1953" box="[151,316,1389,1415]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Chariaspilates" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="29" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B966F92F5A2DFFFAFF3AFAB5FEECFA72" box="[151,316,1389,1415]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="29">Chariaspilates</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
) (
|
||
<figureCitation id="132939B85A2DFFFAFEFEFAB5FE16FA7D" box="[339,454,1389,1416]" captionStart="FIGURES 5–26" captionStartId="10.[151,262,1563,1587]" captionTargetBox="[315,1303,156,1541]" captionTargetId="figure-311@10.[315,1304,151,1550]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURES 5–26. Wing pattern of Synopsia species. 5-7: S. sociaria (5: France, Le Meés; 6: Armenia, Syunik, g.prep. 0230/2019 D. Wanke; 7: Italy, Naturns, g.prep. 0497/2019 D. Wanke); 8-22: Nominotypical subspecies; 8: Paratype of Synopsia phasidaria ardschira syn. nov. of Synopsia phasidaria phasidaria (Iran, Fars, g.prep. 11026); 9: Holotype of Synopsia phasidaria alvandi syn. nov. of Synopsia phasidaria phasidaria (Iran, Alvand, g.prep. EP Wiltshire 1470, NHMUK 010920110); 10: Holotype of Synopsia phasidaria jodes syn. nov. of Synopsia phasidaria phasidaria (Iran, Demawend, g.prep. 7100, NHMUK 014172449); 11: Holotype of Synopsia phasidaria mirabica syn. nov. of Synopsia phasidaria phasidaria (Iran, Kuh i Mirabi, g.prep. 0501/2020 D. Wanke); 12: Paratype of Synopsia phasidaria mirabica syn. nov. of Synopsia phasidaria phasidaria (Iran, Kuh i Mirabi, g.prep. 0502/2020 D. Wanke); 13-22: Synopsia phasidaria phasidaria comb. nov. (13: Turkey, Hakkari, g.prep. 0466/2019 D. Wanke; 14: Armenia, Yeranos, g.prep. 0381/2019 D. Wanke; 15: Iran, Zanjan, g.prep. 0106/2018 D. Wanke; 16: Iran, Zanjan, g.prep. 0477/2019 D. Wanke; 17: Iran, Zanjan, g.prep. 0105/2018 D. Wanke; 18: Iran, Tehran, g.prep. 0472/2019 D. Wanke; 19: Iran, Fars, Sine Sefid, g.prep. 11027 [no type specimen of Synopsidia phasidaria chiraza was traced in the collection of Brandt, except this specimen labeled as Synopsidia phasidaria chiraza by Brandt]; 20: Iran, Yasuj, g.prep. 0485/2019 D. Wanke; 21: Iran, Golestan, g.prep. 0483/2019 D. Wanke; 22: Iran, Lorestan, g.prep. 0478/2019 D. Wanke); 23: Holotype of Synopsia phasidaria afghana comb. nov. (Afghanistan, Kabul); 24: Paratype of Synopsia phasidaria afghana comb. nov. (Afghanistan, Kabul, g.prep. WW216); 25: Holotype of Synopsia centralis bona sp. (Iran, Fars, g.prep. EP Wiltshire 1467, NHMUK 010920114); 26: Synopsia centralis bona sp. (Iran, Fars, NHMUK 014172450); a = upperside; b = underside. Scale-bar 1cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4296349" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4296349/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="29">figs. 5–26</figureCitation>
|
||
; see
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF8358CC5A2DFFFAFE57FAB5FCD0FA7D" author="Skou, P. & Sihvonen, P." box="[506,768,1389,1416]" pageId="2" pageNumber="29" refId="ref10784" refString="Skou, P. & Sihvonen, P. (2015) Ennominae. In: Hausmann, A. (Ed.), The Geometrid Moths of Europe. Vol. 5. Brill, Leiden, pp. 1 - 657." type="book" year="2015">Skou & Sihvonen 2015</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, pages 487, 495, 499 & Müller
|
||
<emphasis id="B966F92F5A2DFFFAFBF7FAB6FB5AFA72" box="[1114,1162,1389,1415]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="29">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 2019, page 587). Frons, thorax and abdomen concolorous with wings. Chaetosemata developed as two small separate patches.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BAD253D5A2DFFFAFF6AFA6EFAF2F952" blockId="2.[151,1437,921,1956]" pageId="2" pageNumber="29">
|
||
<emphasis id="B966F92F5A2DFFFAFF6AFA6EFEF9FA3A" box="[199,297,1462,1487]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="29">Venation</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="132939B85A2DFFFAFE94FA6DFE4AFA3A" box="[313,410,1461,1487]" captionStart-0="FIGURE 3" captionStart-1="FIGURE 4" captionStartId-0="5.[151,250,1604,1628]" captionStartId-1="9.[151,250,1929,1953]" captionTargetBox-0="[197,1411,637,1533]" captionTargetBox-1="[194,1393,190,1895]" captionTargetId-0="figure-219@5.[151,1436,633,1539]" captionTargetId-1="figure-17@9.[181,1406,178,1908]" captionTargetPageId-0="5" captionTargetPageId-1="9" captionText-0="FIGURE 3. Wing venation of male specimens of A: Synopsia (S. sociaria type species for the genus) and B: Synopsidia (S. phasidaria) syn. nov. of Synopsia. Note that both wing venations do not show significant differences." captionText-1="FIGURE 4. Comparison of the forewing venation of Synopsia and related genera. (Species taken for drawing:A: Synopsia sociaria; B: Chariaspilates formosaria; C: Phthonandria atrilineata indica; D: Angerona prunaria; E: Hypoxystis pluviaria; F: Siona lineata)." figureDoi-0="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4296345" figureDoi-1="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4296347" httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/4296345/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/4296347/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="29">figs 3–4</figureCitation>
|
||
). In the forewing Sc and R1 arising from a common stalk (similar condition in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C125EBE5A2DFFFAFAB7FA6EFA45FA3A" authorityName="Prout" authorityYear="1915" box="[1306,1429,1462,1487]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Hypoxystis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="29" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B966F92F5A2DFFFAFAB7FA6EFA45FA3A" box="[1306,1429,1462,1487]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="29">Hypoxystis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="B966F92F5A2DFFFAFF3AFA02FE7FFA06" box="[151,431,1497,1524]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="29">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C125EBE5A2DFFFAFF3AFA02FED7FA01" authorityName="Duponchel" authorityYear="1829" box="[151,263,1498,1524]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Angerona" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="29" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Angerona</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C125EBE5A2DFFFAFEBEFA01FE7FFA06" authorityName="Warren" authorityYear="1894" box="[275,431,1497,1523]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Phthonandria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="29" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Phthonandria</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C125EBE5A2DFFFAFE48FA01FD5AFA06" authorityName="Wehrli" authorityYear="1953" box="[485,650,1497,1523]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Chariaspilates" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="29" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B966F92F5A2DFFFAFE48FA01FD5AFA06" box="[485,650,1497,1523]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="29">Chariaspilates</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
; Sc arising separately from the wing base and continuing to the costal margin of the wing, R1 free, originating from the cell in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C125EBE5A2DFFFAFCB2FA26FC8FF9ED" authorityName="Duponchel" authorityYear="1829" box="[799,863,1534,1560]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Siona" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="29" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B966F92F5A2DFFFAFCB2FA26FC8FF9ED" box="[799,863,1534,1560]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="29">Siona</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
). In
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C125EBE5A2DFFFAFC3AFA26FC2CF9ED" authorityName="Hubner" authorityYear="1825" box="[919,1020,1534,1560]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Synopsia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="29" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B966F92F5A2DFFFAFC3AFA26FC2CF9ED" box="[919,1020,1534,1560]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="29">Synopsia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
R2 arising on a separate stalk; in its second half shortly anastomosing with common stalk of R3 and R4, (similar condition in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C125EBE5A2DFFFAFBDEF9F9FAC8F9CE" authorityName="Wehrli" authorityYear="1953" box="[1139,1304,1569,1595]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Chariaspilates" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="29" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B966F92F5A2DFFFAFBDEF9F9FAC8F9CE" box="[1139,1304,1569,1595]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="29">Chariaspilates</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
;
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C125EBE5A2DFFFAFA8BF9F9FF16F9AA" authorityName="Warren" authorityYear="1894" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Phthonandria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="29" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B966F92F5A2DFFFAFA8BF9F9FF16F9AA" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="29">Phthonandria</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
;
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C125EBE5A2DFFFAFF7BF99EFE93F995" authorityName="Duponchel" authorityYear="1829" box="[214,323,1606,1632]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Angerona" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="29" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B966F92F5A2DFFFAFF7BF99EFE93F995" box="[214,323,1606,1632]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="29">Angerona</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
;
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C125EBE5A2DFFFAFEFEF99EFE1EF9AA" authorityName="Prout" authorityYear="1915" box="[339,462,1606,1631]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Hypoxystis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="29" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B966F92F5A2DFFFAFEFEF99EFE1EF9AA" box="[339,462,1606,1631]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="29">Hypoxystis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
; R2 touching the common stalk of R3 and R4 without anastomosis in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C125EBE5A2DFFFAFB59F99EFAE4F995" authorityName="Duponchel" authorityYear="1829" box="[1268,1332,1606,1632]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Siona" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="29" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B966F92F5A2DFFFAFB59F99EFAE4F995" box="[1268,1332,1606,1632]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="29">Siona</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
) (
|
||
<figureCitation id="132939B85A2DFFFAFAE3F99DFA5FF9AA" box="[1358,1423,1605,1631]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="9.[151,250,1929,1953]" captionTargetBox="[194,1393,190,1895]" captionTargetId="figure-17@9.[181,1406,178,1908]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 4. Comparison of the forewing venation of Synopsia and related genera. (Species taken for drawing:A: Synopsia sociaria; B: Chariaspilates formosaria; C: Phthonandria atrilineata indica; D: Angerona prunaria; E: Hypoxystis pluviaria; F: Siona lineata)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4296347" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4296347/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="29">fig. 4</figureCitation>
|
||
). R3–5 arising from a common stalk originating from the cell. R3–4 on common stalk distally of origin of R5. In the hindwing Sc+R1 fused, strongly curved in basal area, anastomosing with Rs and with vein M2 reduced.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BAD253D5A2DFFFAFF6AF969FBA0F851" blockId="2.[151,1437,921,1956]" pageId="2" pageNumber="29">
|
||
<emphasis id="B966F92F5A2DFFFAFF6AF969FEBCF93E" box="[199,364,1713,1739]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="29">Male genitalia</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="132939B85A2DFFFAFED7F969FE26F93E" box="[378,502,1713,1739]" captionStart-0="FIGURES 27–29" captionStart-1="FIGURES 30–32" captionStart-2="FIGURES 33–35" captionStart-3="FIGURE 36" captionStartId-0="11.[151,264,1878,1902]" captionStartId-1="12.[151,264,1878,1902]" captionStartId-2="13.[151,264,1914,1938]" captionStartId-3="14.[158,255,1632,1656]" captionTargetBox-0="[195,1377,181,1858]" captionTargetBox-1="[200,1380,174,1856]" captionTargetBox-2="[202,1390,172,1888]" captionTargetBox-3="[153,1434,184,1607]" captionTargetId-0="figure-71@11.[191,1388,166,1867]" captionTargetId-1="figure-99@12.[192,1391,166,1867]" captionTargetId-2="figure-73@13.[191,1400,159,1897]" captionTargetId-3="figure-28@14.[151,1436,181,1616]" captionTargetPageId-0="11" captionTargetPageId-1="12" captionTargetPageId-2="13" captionTargetPageId-3="14" captionText-0="FIGURES 27–29. Male genitalia of Synopsia species. 27: Synopsia sociaria (Kazakhstan, NE Rudnichnyy, g.prep. 0103/2018 D. Wanke); 28: Synopsia sociaria (Armenia, Syunik, g.prep. 0230/2019 D. Wanke); 29: Paratype of Synopsia phasidaria ardschira syn. nov. of Synopsia phasidaria phasidaria (Iran, Fars, g.prep. 11026); a = genitalia capsule; b = aedeagus. Scale-bar 1 mm." captionText-1="FIGURES 30–32. Male genitalia of Synopsia species. 30: Holotype of Synopsia phasidaria alvandi syn. nov. of Synopsia phasidaria phasidaria (Iran, Alvand, g.prep. EP Wiltshire 1470, NHMUK 010920110); 31: Holotype of Synopsia phasidaria mirabica syn. nov. of Synopsia phasidaria phasidaria (Iran, Kuh i Mirabi, g.prep. 0501/2020 D. Wanke); 32: Synopsia phasidaria phasidaria comb. nov. (Iran, Zanjan, g.prep. 0106/2018 D. Wanke); a = genitalia capsule; b = aedeagus. Scale-bar 1 mm." captionText-2="FIGURES 33–35. Male genitalia of Synopsia species. 33: Synopsia phasidaria phasidaria comb. nov. (Turkey, Hakkari, g.prep. 0466/2019 D. Wanke); 34: Paratype of Synopsia phasidaria afghana comb. nov. (Afghanistan, Kabul, g.prep. WW216); 35: Holotype of Synopsia centralis bona sp. (Iran, Fars, g.prep. EP Wiltshire 1467); a = genitalia capsule; b = aedeagus. Scale-bar 1mm" captionText-3="FIGURE 36. Details of the male genitalia capsule and the aedeagus of Synopsia phasidaria phasidaria comb. nov., showing the intraspecific variation. A: distal margin of the harpe; B1: gnathos from posterior view; B2-3: gnathos from ventral view, C1-6: cornuti on the vesica." figureDoi-0="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4296351" figureDoi-1="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4296355" figureDoi-2="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4296357" figureDoi-3="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4296359" httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/4296351/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/4296355/files/figure.png" httpUri-2="https://zenodo.org/record/4296357/files/figure.png" httpUri-3="https://zenodo.org/record/4296359/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="29">figs 27–36</figureCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF8358CC5A2DFFFAFDAFF969FCDBF939" author="Skou, P. & Sihvonen, P." box="[514,779,1713,1740]" pageId="2" pageNumber="29" refId="ref10784" refString="Skou, P. & Sihvonen, P. (2015) Ennominae. In: Hausmann, A. (Ed.), The Geometrid Moths of Europe. Vol. 5. Brill, Leiden, pp. 1 - 657." type="book" year="2015">Skou & Sihvonen 2015</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, pages 529, 537, 543 & Müller
|
||
<emphasis id="B966F92F5A2DFFFAFBC3F96AFB4FF93E" box="[1134,1183,1713,1739]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="29">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 2019, page 651). Uncus strongly sclerotized and slightly to strongly bifurcate, sometimes tip only concave in the centre (uncus absent in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C125EBE5A2DFFFAFF18F922FF25F8E1" authorityName="Duponchel" authorityYear="1829" box="[181,245,1786,1812]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Siona" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="29" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B966F92F5A2DFFFAFF18F922FF25F8E1" box="[181,245,1786,1812]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="29">Siona</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
; short and stout in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C125EBE5A2DFFFAFE7DF922FD9BF8E6" authorityName="Prout" authorityYear="1915" box="[464,587,1786,1811]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Hypoxystis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="29" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B966F92F5A2DFFFAFE7DF922FD9BF8E6" box="[464,587,1786,1811]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="29">Hypoxystis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
; as a shallow plate in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C125EBE5A2DFFFAFCE4F922FC66F8E1" authorityName="Duponchel" authorityYear="1829" box="[841,950,1786,1812]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Angerona" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="29" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B966F92F5A2DFFFAFCE4F922FC66F8E1" box="[841,950,1786,1812]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="29">Angerona</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
; small and bifid in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C125EBE5A2DFFFAFB38F921FAE1F8E6" authorityName="Warren" authorityYear="1894" box="[1173,1329,1785,1811]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Phthonandria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="29" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B966F92F5A2DFFFAFB38F921FAE1F8E6" box="[1173,1329,1785,1811]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="29">Phthonandria</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
; tapering in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C125EBE5A2DFFFAFF19F8C5FE89F8C2" authorityName="Wehrli" authorityYear="1953" box="[180,345,1821,1847]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Chariaspilates" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="29" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B966F92F5A2DFFFAFF19F8C5FE89F8C2" box="[180,345,1821,1847]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="29">Chariaspilates</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
). Gnathos strongly sclerotized, upturned, tongue-shaped, width of tongue differing (upturned and tapered in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C125EBE5A2DFFFAFEA2F89AFE9FF8A9" authorityName="Duponchel" authorityYear="1829" box="[271,335,1858,1884]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Siona" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="29" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B966F92F5A2DFFFAFEA2F89AFE9FF8A9" box="[271,335,1858,1884]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="29">Siona</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
; plate-shaped in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C125EBE5A2DFFFAFDBFF89AFD5DF8AE" authorityName="Prout" authorityYear="1915" box="[530,653,1858,1883]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Hypoxystis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="29" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B966F92F5A2DFFFAFDBFF89AFD5DF8AE" box="[530,653,1858,1883]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="29">Hypoxystis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
; upturned and tapered in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C125EBE5A2DFFFAFC1DF89AFBCDF8A9" authorityName="Duponchel" authorityYear="1829" box="[944,1053,1858,1884]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Angerona" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="29" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B966F92F5A2DFFFAFC1DF89AFBCDF8A9" box="[944,1053,1858,1884]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="29">Angerona</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
; large and upturned in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C125EBE5A2DFFFAFA8BF899FF16F88A" authorityName="Warren" authorityYear="1894" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Phthonandria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="29" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B966F92F5A2DFFFAFA8BF899FF16F88A" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="29">Phthonandria</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
; as a large medial plate in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C125EBE5A2DFFFAFE53F8BDFD73F88A" authorityName="Wehrli" authorityYear="1953" box="[510,675,1893,1919]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Chariaspilates" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="29" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B966F92F5A2DFFFAFE53F8BDFD73F88A" box="[510,675,1893,1919]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="29">Chariaspilates</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
). Costa of valva with projection at the centre (similar condition in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C125EBE5A2DFFFAFF3AF852FEC2F856" authorityName="Prout" authorityYear="1915" box="[151,274,1930,1955]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Hypoxystis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="29" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B966F92F5A2DFFFAFF3AF852FEC2F856" box="[151,274,1930,1955]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="29">Hypoxystis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C125EBE5A2DFFFAFEE5F851FE3DF856" authorityName="Wehrli" authorityYear="1953" box="[328,493,1929,1955]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Chariaspilates" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="29" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B966F92F5A2DFFFAFEE5F851FE3DF856" box="[328,493,1929,1955]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="29">Chariaspilates</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
; basal projection in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C125EBE5A2DFFFAFD7FF852FCC2F851" authorityName="Duponchel" authorityYear="1829" box="[722,786,1930,1956]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Siona" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="29" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B966F92F5A2DFFFAFD7FF852FCC2F851" box="[722,786,1930,1956]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="29">Siona</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C125EBE5A2DFFFAFC8DF852FC5DF851" authorityName="Duponchel" authorityYear="1829" box="[800,909,1930,1956]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Angerona" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="29" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B966F92F5A2DFFFAFC8DF852FC5DF851" box="[800,909,1930,1956]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="29">Angerona</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C125EBE5A2DFFFAFC69F851FBB0F856" authorityName="Warren" authorityYear="1894" box="[964,1120,1929,1955]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Phthonandria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="29" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B966F92F5A2DFFFAFC69F851FBB0F856" box="[964,1120,1929,1955]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="29">Phthonandria</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="DF6D75B55A2CFFFBFF3AF88EFAB8F81E" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4296341" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4296341" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4296341/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="30" startId="3.[151,250,1878,1902]" targetBox="[183,1396,166,1862]" targetPageId="3">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BAD253D5A2CFFFBFF3AF88EFAB8F81E" blockId="3.[151,1436,1878,2027]" pageId="3" pageNumber="30">
|
||
<emphasis id="B966F92F5A2CFFFBFF3AF88EFEC2F89B" bold="true" box="[151,274,1878,1902]" pageId="3" pageNumber="30">FIGURE 1.</emphasis>
|
||
Structures of the head and antennae of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C125EBE5A2CFFFBFD34F88FFC9CF89B" baseAuthorityName="Hubner" baseAuthorityYear="1899" box="[665,844,1879,1902]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Synopsia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="30" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sociaria">
|
||
<emphasis id="B966F92F5A2CFFFBFD34F88FFC9CF89B" box="[665,844,1879,1902]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="30">Synopsia sociaria</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C125EBE5A2CFFFBFCD6F88FFB9AF89A" authorityName="Wanke & Hausmann & Sihvonen & Krogmann & Rajaei" authorityYear="2020" baseAuthorityName="Wanke & Hausmann & Sihvonen & Krogmann & Rajaei" baseAuthorityYear="2020" box="[891,1098,1879,1903]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Synopsia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="30" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="phasidaria" status="comb. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B966F92F5A2CFFFBFCD6F88FFB9AF89A" box="[891,1098,1879,1903]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="30">Synopsia phasidaria</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="B966F92F5A2CFFFBFBE3F88FFB11F89A" bold="true" box="[1102,1217,1879,1903]" pageId="3" pageNumber="30">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A25544545A2CFFFBFBE3F88FFB11F89A" box="[1102,1217,1879,1903]" pageId="3" pageNumber="30" rank="species">comb. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
. A male and C female head of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C125EBE5A2CFFFBFF46F8ACFE70F879" baseAuthorityName="Hubner" baseAuthorityYear="1899" box="[235,416,1908,1932]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Synopsia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="30" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sociaria">
|
||
<emphasis id="B966F92F5A2CFFFBFF46F8ACFE70F879" box="[235,416,1908,1932]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="30">Synopsia sociaria</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(proboscis rudimentary developed); B male and D female head of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C125EBE5A2CFFFBFBE2F8ACFAF0F879" authorityName="Wanke & Hausmann & Sihvonen & Krogmann & Rajaei" authorityYear="2020" baseAuthorityName="Wanke & Hausmann & Sihvonen & Krogmann & Rajaei" baseAuthorityYear="2020" box="[1103,1312,1908,1932]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Synopsia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="30" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="phasidaria" status="comb. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B966F92F5A2CFFFBFBE2F8ACFAF0F879" box="[1103,1312,1908,1932]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="30">Synopsia phasidaria</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="B966F92F5A2CFFFBFA8AF8ACFA4CF879" bold="true" box="[1319,1436,1908,1932]" pageId="3" pageNumber="30">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A25544545A2CFFFBFA8AF8ACFA4CF879" box="[1319,1436,1908,1932]" pageId="3" pageNumber="30" rank="species">comb. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
(proboscis strongly reduced, not reaching through the labial palps). E male bipectinate antennae and F female filiform antennae of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C125EBE5A2CFFFBFF71F877FE41F833" baseAuthorityName="Hubner" baseAuthorityYear="1899" box="[220,401,1967,1990]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Synopsia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="30" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sociaria">
|
||
<emphasis id="B966F92F5A2CFFFBFF71F877FE41F833" box="[220,401,1967,1990]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="30">Synopsia sociaria</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. G male bipectinate antennae and H, I female bipectinate antennae (slightly differing in specimens) of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C125EBE5A2CFFFBFF3AF80BFEB7F81E" authorityName="Wanke & Hausmann & Sihvonen & Krogmann & Rajaei" authorityYear="2020" baseAuthorityName="Wanke & Hausmann & Sihvonen & Krogmann & Rajaei" baseAuthorityYear="2020" box="[151,359,2003,2027]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Synopsia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="30" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="phasidaria" status="comb. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B966F92F5A2CFFFBFF3AF80BFEB7F81E" box="[151,359,2003,2027]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="30">Synopsia phasidaria</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="B966F92F5A2CFFFBFEC0F80BFE31F81E" bold="true" box="[365,481,2003,2027]" pageId="3" pageNumber="30">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A25544545A2CFFFBFEC0F80BFE31F81E" box="[365,481,2003,2027]" pageId="3" pageNumber="30" rank="species">comb. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
. Abbreviations:
|
||
<emphasis id="B966F92F5A2CFFFBFD24F80BFD79F81E" box="[649,681,2003,2027]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="30">lbp</emphasis>
|
||
– labial palps;
|
||
<emphasis id="B966F92F5A2CFFFBFCE8F80BFCB8F81E" box="[837,872,2003,2027]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="30">prb</emphasis>
|
||
– proboscis. Photos E-I in scale (scale-bar 1 mm).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="DF6D75B55A2BFFFCFF3AF84FFA59F821" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4296343" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4296343" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4296343/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="31" startId="4.[151,250,1943,1967]" targetBox="[180,1408,185,1916]" targetPageId="4">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BAD253D5A2BFFFCFF3AF84FFA59F821" blockId="4.[151,1437,1943,2004]" pageId="4" pageNumber="31">
|
||
<emphasis id="B966F92F5A2BFFFCFF3AF84FFEC4F85A" bold="true" box="[151,276,1943,1967]" pageId="4" pageNumber="31">FIGURE 2.</emphasis>
|
||
SEM close-up photos of the two different forms of bipectinate antennae in female of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C125EBE5A2BFFFCFB2EF840FA84F845" authorityName="Wanke & Hausmann & Sihvonen & Krogmann & Rajaei" authorityYear="2020" baseAuthorityName="Wanke & Hausmann & Sihvonen & Krogmann & Rajaei" baseAuthorityYear="2020" box="[1155,1364,1944,1968]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Synopsia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="31" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="phasidaria" status="comb. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B966F92F5A2BFFFCFB2EF840FA84F845" box="[1155,1364,1944,1968]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="31">Synopsia phasidaria</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="B966F92F5A2BFFFCFAF6F840FF13F821" bold="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="31">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A25544545A2BFFFCFAF6F840FF13F821" pageId="4" pageNumber="31" rank="species">comb. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
. Photos A strongly bipectinate (A1 lateral, A2 ventral); B weakly bipectinate (B1 lateral, B2 ventral). Scale-bar 100 µm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BAD253D5A2AFFFDFF6AFF4FFBA0FF0C" blockId="5.[151,1437,151,609]" pageId="5" pageNumber="32">
|
||
Costal projection bearing one or more spines (only one spine in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C125EBE5A2AFFFDFC34FF4FFC09FF44" authorityName="Duponchel" authorityYear="1829" box="[921,985,151,177]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Siona" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="32" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B966F92F5A2AFFFDFC34FF4FFC09FF44" box="[921,985,151,177]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="32">Siona</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
; spines absent in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C125EBE5A2AFFFDFB0CFF4FFACCFF45" authorityName="Prout" authorityYear="1915" box="[1185,1308,151,176]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Hypoxystis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="32" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B966F92F5A2AFFFDFB0CFF4FFACCFF45" box="[1185,1308,151,176]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="32">Hypoxystis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
; spinose in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C125EBE5A2AFFFDFF3AFF63FED4FF20" authorityName="Duponchel" authorityYear="1829" box="[151,260,187,213]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Angerona" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="32" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B966F92F5A2AFFFDFF3AFF63FED4FF20" box="[151,260,187,213]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="32">Angerona</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
; bearing spines in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C125EBE5A2AFFFDFE78FF63FDA1FF20" authorityName="Warren" authorityYear="1894" box="[469,625,187,213]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Phthonandria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="32" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B966F92F5A2AFFFDFE78FF63FDA1FF20" box="[469,625,187,213]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="32">Phthonandria</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C125EBE5A2AFFFDFD0BFF63FC9BFF20" authorityName="Wehrli" authorityYear="1953" box="[678,843,187,213]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Chariaspilates" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="32" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B966F92F5A2AFFFDFD0BFF63FC9BFF20" box="[678,843,187,213]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="32">Chariaspilates</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
). Saccus wide and round, sometimes with extensions (without extensions in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C125EBE5A2AFFFDFE3AFF07FE07FF0C" authorityName="Duponchel" authorityYear="1829" box="[407,471,223,249]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Siona" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="32" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B966F92F5A2AFFFDFE3AFF07FE07FF0C" box="[407,471,223,249]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="32">Siona</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C125EBE5A2AFFFDFE48FF07FDB0FF0D" authorityName="Prout" authorityYear="1915" box="[485,608,223,248]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Hypoxystis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="32" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B966F92F5A2AFFFDFE48FF07FDB0FF0D" box="[485,608,223,248]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="32">Hypoxystis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C125EBE5A2AFFFDFDC3FF07FD0BFF0C" authorityName="Duponchel" authorityYear="1829" box="[622,731,223,249]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Angerona" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="32" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B966F92F5A2AFFFDFDC3FF07FD0BFF0C" box="[622,731,223,249]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="32">Angerona</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C125EBE5A2AFFFDFD44FF07FC55FF0C" authorityName="Warren" authorityYear="1894" box="[745,901,223,249]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Phthonandria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="32" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B966F92F5A2AFFFDFD44FF07FC55FF0C" box="[745,901,223,249]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="32">Phthonandria</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C125EBE5A2AFFFDFC16FF07FBB0FF0C" authorityName="Wehrli" authorityYear="1953" box="[955,1120,223,249]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Chariaspilates" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="32" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B966F92F5A2AFFFDFC16FF07FBB0FF0C" box="[955,1120,223,249]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="32">Chariaspilates</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BAD253D5A2AFFFDFF6AFEDBFEBEFE93" blockId="5.[151,1437,151,609]" pageId="5" pageNumber="32">
|
||
Aedeagus with several strongly sclerotized cornuti on the vesica (a small row in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C125EBE5A2AFFFDFBCBFEDBFB76FEE8" authorityName="Duponchel" authorityYear="1829" box="[1126,1190,259,285]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Siona" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="32" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B966F92F5A2AFFFDFBCBFEDBFB76FEE8" box="[1126,1190,259,285]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="32">Siona</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
; small and dentate in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C125EBE5A2AFFFDFF3AFEFFFEC2FEB5" authorityName="Prout" authorityYear="1915" box="[151,274,295,320]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Hypoxystis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="32" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B966F92F5A2AFFFDFF3AFEFFFEC2FEB5" box="[151,274,295,320]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="32">Hypoxystis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
; one cornutus in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C125EBE5A2AFFFDFE7CFEFFFDEEFEB4" authorityName="Duponchel" authorityYear="1829" box="[465,574,295,321]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Angerona" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="32" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B966F92F5A2AFFFDFE7CFEFFFDEEFEB4" box="[465,574,295,321]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="32">Angerona</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
; cornuti variable in number in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C125EBE5A2AFFFDFC38FEFFFBE1FEB4" authorityName="Warren" authorityYear="1894" box="[917,1073,295,321]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Phthonandria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="32" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B966F92F5A2AFFFDFC38FEFFFBE1FEB4" box="[917,1073,295,321]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="32">Phthonandria</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
; patch of microcornuti in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C125EBE5A2AFFFDFAFFFEFFFF2BFE90" authorityName="Wehrli" authorityYear="1953" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Chariaspilates" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="32" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B966F92F5A2AFFFDFAFFFEFFFF2BFE90" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="32">Chariaspilates</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
) (
|
||
<figureCitation id="132939B85A2AFFFDFEBEFE93FEB1FE93" box="[275,353,331,358]" captionStart="FIGURE 36" captionStartId="14.[158,255,1632,1656]" captionTargetBox="[153,1434,184,1607]" captionTargetId="figure-28@14.[151,1436,181,1616]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="FIGURE 36. Details of the male genitalia capsule and the aedeagus of Synopsia phasidaria phasidaria comb. nov., showing the intraspecific variation. A: distal margin of the harpe; B1: gnathos from posterior view; B2-3: gnathos from ventral view, C1-6: cornuti on the vesica." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4296359" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4296359/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="32">fig. 36</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BAD253D5A2AFFFDFF6AFEB7FD9AFD94" blockId="5.[151,1437,151,609]" pageId="5" pageNumber="32">
|
||
<emphasis id="B966F92F5A2AFFFDFF6AFEB7FE59FE7C" box="[199,393,367,393]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="32">Female genitalia</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="132939B85A2AFFFDFE37FEB7FDC9FE7C" box="[410,537,367,393]" captionStart="FIGURES 37–40" captionStartId="16.[151,262,1788,1812]" captionTargetBox="[209,1381,184,1758]" captionTargetId="figure-28@16.[198,1389,179,1763]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="FIGURES 37–40. Female genitalia and details characters of Synopsia species. 37: Synopsia sociaria (Italy, Naturns, g.prep. 0497/2019 D. Wanke; a: genitalia; b: signum; c: lamella antevaginalis); 38: Paratype of Synopsia phasidaria mirabica syn. nov. of Synopsia phasidaria phasidaria (Iran, Kuh i Mirabi, g.prep. 0502/2020 D. Wanke); 39: Synopsia phasidaria phasidaria comb. nov. (Iran, Azerbaijan-e-Gharbi, g.prep. 0299/2019 D. Wanke); 40a-d: signum of Synopsia phasidaria phasidaria comb. nov. showing the intraspecific variation (a: Turkey, Hakkari, g.prep. 0468/2019 D. Wanke; b: Iran, Lorestan, g.prep. 0478/2019 D. Wanke; c: Iran, Zanjan, g.prep. 0477/2019 D. Wanke; d: Iran, Yasuj, g.prep. 0486/2019 D. Wanke); 40e: lamella antevaginalis of Synopsia phasidaria phasidaria comb. nov. (Iran, Kendevan, g.prep. 0474/2019 D. Wanke). 37b-c and 40 out of scale. Scale-bar 1mm" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4296361" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4296361/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="32">figs 37–40</figureCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF8358CC5A2AFFFDFD8AFEB7FCE8FE7C" author="Skou, P. & Sihvonen, P." box="[551,824,366,393]" pageId="5" pageNumber="32" refId="ref10784" refString="Skou, P. & Sihvonen, P. (2015) Ennominae. In: Hausmann, A. (Ed.), The Geometrid Moths of Europe. Vol. 5. Brill, Leiden, pp. 1 - 657." type="book" year="2015">Skou & Sihvonen 2015</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, pages 571, 579, 585; Müller
|
||
<emphasis id="B966F92F5A2AFFFDFB3BFEB7FB1AFE7C" box="[1174,1226,367,393]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="32">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 2019, page 716). Ductus bursae sclerotized (short, laterally sclerotized in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C125EBE5A2AFFFDFCA9FE4BFC94FE58" authorityName="Duponchel" authorityYear="1829" box="[772,836,403,429]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Siona" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="32" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B966F92F5A2AFFFDFCA9FE4BFC94FE58" box="[772,836,403,429]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="32">Siona</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
; membranous short and wide in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C125EBE5A2AFFFDFB06FE4BFAF6FE59" authorityName="Prout" authorityYear="1915" box="[1195,1318,403,428]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Hypoxystis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="32" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B966F92F5A2AFFFDFB06FE4BFAF6FE59" box="[1195,1318,403,428]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="32">Hypoxystis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C125EBE5A2AFFFDFAF4FE4BFF1BFE25" authorityName="Duponchel" authorityYear="1829" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Angerona" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="32" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B966F92F5A2AFFFDFAF4FE4BFF1BFE25" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="32">Angerona</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
; short in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C125EBE5A2AFFFDFE99FE6FFE00FE24" authorityName="Warren" authorityYear="1894" box="[308,464,439,465]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Phthonandria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="32" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B966F92F5A2AFFFDFE99FE6FFE00FE24" box="[308,464,439,465]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="32">Phthonandria</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C125EBE5A2AFFFDFDA8FE6FFD7AFE24" authorityName="Wehrli" authorityYear="1953" box="[517,682,439,465]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Chariaspilates" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="32" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B966F92F5A2AFFFDFDA8FE6FFD7AFE24" box="[517,682,439,465]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="32">Chariaspilates</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
). Corpus bursae anteriorly membranous (anterior part membranous in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C125EBE5A2AFFFDFF1EFE03FF23FE00" authorityName="Duponchel" authorityYear="1829" box="[179,243,475,501]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Siona" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="32" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B966F92F5A2AFFFDFF1EFE03FF23FE00" box="[179,243,475,501]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="32">Siona</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
; large and membranous in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C125EBE5A2AFFFDFD8CFE03FD4CFE01" authorityName="Prout" authorityYear="1915" box="[545,668,475,500]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Hypoxystis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="32" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B966F92F5A2AFFFDFD8CFE03FD4CFE01" box="[545,668,475,500]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="32">Hypoxystis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C125EBE5A2AFFFDFD7CFE03FCBDFE00" authorityName="Warren" authorityYear="1894" box="[721,877,475,501]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Phthonandria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="32" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B966F92F5A2AFFFDFD7CFE03FCBDFE00" box="[721,877,475,501]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="32">Phthonandria</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
; anteriorly elongated in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C125EBE5A2AFFFDFBD0FE03FB3AFE00" authorityName="Duponchel" authorityYear="1829" box="[1149,1258,475,501]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Angerona" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="32" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B966F92F5A2AFFFDFBD0FE03FB3AFE00" box="[1149,1258,475,501]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="32">Angerona</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
; anteriorly subtriangular in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C125EBE5A2AFFFDFE80FE27FE02FDEC" authorityName="Wehrli" authorityYear="1953" box="[301,466,511,537]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Chariaspilates" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="32" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B966F92F5A2AFFFDFE80FE27FE02FDEC" box="[301,466,511,537]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="32">Chariaspilates</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
). Signum present, serrated (elongated, with dentate margins in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C125EBE5A2AFFFDFB03FE27FB3EFDEC" authorityName="Duponchel" authorityYear="1829" box="[1198,1262,511,537]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Siona" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="32" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B966F92F5A2AFFFDFB03FE27FB3EFDEC" box="[1198,1262,511,537]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="32">Siona</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
; rectangular in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C125EBE5A2AFFFDFF3AFDFBFEC2FDC9" authorityName="Prout" authorityYear="1915" box="[151,274,547,572]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Hypoxystis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="32" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B966F92F5A2AFFFDFF3AFDFBFEC2FDC9" box="[151,274,547,572]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="32">Hypoxystis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
; rectangular with hollow centre in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C125EBE5A2AFFFDFD32FDFBFCDCFDC8" authorityName="Duponchel" authorityYear="1829" box="[671,780,547,573]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Angerona" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="32" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B966F92F5A2AFFFDFD32FDFBFCDCFDC8" box="[671,780,547,573]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="32">Angerona</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
; oval with hollow centre in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C125EBE5A2AFFFDFBE6FDFBFB37FDC8" authorityName="Warren" authorityYear="1894" box="[1099,1255,547,573]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Phthonandria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="32" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B966F92F5A2AFFFDFBE6FDFBFB37FDC8" box="[1099,1255,547,573]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="32">Phthonandria</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
; elongated with sclerotized margins in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C125EBE5A2AFFFDFE38FD9FFDEAFD94" authorityName="Wehrli" authorityYear="1953" box="[405,570,583,609]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Chariaspilates" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="32" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B966F92F5A2AFFFDFE38FD9FFDEAFD94" box="[405,570,583,609]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="32">Chariaspilates</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |