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<document id="2D200EBB47CB43ED4B438A4909A6A2C5" ID-DOI="10.26879/1220" ID-ISSN="1094-8074" ID-Zenodo-Dep="10962250" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="felipe" IM.illustrations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_approvedBy="admin" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="admin" IM.treatments_approvedBy="admin" checkinTime="1712859670786" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Jacisin Iii, John J. & Lawing, A. Michelle" docDate="2024" docId="03B387E8FFA032038405FDAB9C2DFA4D" docLanguage="en" docName="PalaeontolElectron.27.1.a2.pdf" docOrigin="Palaeontologia Electronica (a 2) 27 (1)" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.26879/1220" docStyle="DocumentStyle:322FC57CC99045555090E8A84CFB029A.4:PalaeontolElectron.2018-.journal_article" docStyleId="322FC57CC99045555090E8A84CFB029A" docStyleName="PalaeontolElectron.2018-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="4" docTitle="Caenophidia Hoffstetter 1939" docType="treatment" docVersion="5" lastPageNumber="9" masterDocId="FF8AFF90FFA8320B8770FFDA9964FFD9" masterDocTitle="Fossil snakes of the Penny Creek Local Fauna from Webster County, Nebraska, USA, and the first record of snakes from the Early Clarendonian (12.5 - 12 Ma) of North America" masterLastPageNumber="42" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="9" updateTime="1715215045661" updateUser="admin" zenodo-license-document="CC-BY-NC-SA-4.0">
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<mods:title id="610C47A8C4E6F884C3826A557AE8EC61">Fossil snakes of the Penny Creek Local Fauna from Webster County, Nebraska, USA, and the first record of snakes from the Early Clarendonian (12.5 - 12 Ma) of North America</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="CAE42D140E501111B8B9ADD0526B55EC">Jacisin Iii, John J.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="7E5B0C4E4F38CEE7AB0200EC4A5D4831">Lawing, A. Michelle</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="9F8415BB0BDB19C19C0A71992416C273">Palaeontologia Electronica</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="FB639F705CFC1BC3378C1FE12C3D2FB9">
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<mods:date id="21C991133B5B3E2DBB7AA1F7372C90B6">2024</mods:date>
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<mods:title id="8988DA78ADB3543948C390AFD47FFD76">a 2</mods:title>
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<mods:number id="9CBE2A4F7EA185E7AE5C64C7216B16EA">27</mods:number>
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<mods:url id="98BBBDAB1D931B2A09492650A3D894B5">http://dx.doi.org/10.26879/1220</mods:url>
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<mods:identifier id="AC4ECC1FE325B56BDF316054268DE403" type="DOI">10.26879/1220</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="6854DBF4B9202B0BAE016B4A673708D2" type="ISSN">1094-8074</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="03B387E8FFA032038405FDAB9C2DFA4D" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03B387E8FFA032038405FDAB9C2DFA4D" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B387E8FFA032038405FDAB9C2DFA4D" lastPageNumber="9" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
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<subSubSection id="C3006575FFA032038405FDAB9C17FD53" box="[885,1395,624,650]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8BA536FEFFA032038405FDAB9C17FD53" blockId="8.[885,1395,624,650]" box="[885,1395,624,650]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
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<heading id="D0ED8192FFA032038405FDAB9C17FD53" box="[885,1395,624,650]" centered="true" fontSize="10" level="2" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" reason="3">
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Parvorder
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<taxonomicName id="4C1A4D7DFFA032038481FDAA9C17FD53" authority="Hoffstetter, 1939" authorityName="Hoffstetter" authorityYear="1939" box="[1009,1395,624,650]" class="Reptilia" higherTaxonomySource="Manual Input" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" parvOrder="Caenophidia" phylum="Chordata" rank="parvOrder">
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CAENOPHIDIA
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<bibRefCitation id="EF8B4B0FFFA0320383C0FDAB9C17FD53" author="Hoffstetter, R." box="[1200,1395,625,650]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" pagination="1 - 78" refId="ref19549" refString="Hoffstetter, R. 1939. Contribution a l'etude des Elapidae actuels et fossiles et de l'osteologie des ophidians. Archives du Museum d'Histoire Naturelle de Lyon, 15: 1 - 78." type="journal article" year="1939">Hoffstetter, 1939</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C3006575FFA032038438FD419D0AFBED" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph id="8BA536FEFFA032038438FD419D0AFBED" blockId="8.[840,1441,667,1429]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
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<emphasis id="B96EEAECFFA032038438FD419AAAFD6D" bold="true" box="[840,974,667,692]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
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The vertebral synapomorphies of crown
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<taxonomicName id="4C1A4D7DFFA0320384EAFD619D4BFD0C" authorityName="Hoffstetter" authorityYear="1939" box="[922,1071,699,725]" class="Reptilia" higherTaxonomySource="Manual Input" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" parvOrder="Caenophidia" phylum="Chordata" rank="parvOrder">Caenophidia</taxonomicName>
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include well-developed prezygapophyseal accessory processes, synapophyses that are well-differentiated into
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<typeStatus id="54A1885CFFA0320383C3FD219D95FCCD" box="[1203,1265,763,788]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" type="paratype">para-</typeStatus>
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and diapophyseal articular facets, the presence of pleurocentral hypapophyses throughout the precloacal vertebral column, the presence of one or more paracotylar foramina, a condyle and cotyle that are relatively small (compared to Constrictores) and circular to ovoid and elongate in cross section, and well-developed paralymphatic channels that define the lateral margins of a distinct hemel keel (
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<bibRefCitation id="EF8B4B0FFFA03203824BFC219AE3FBED" author="Holman, J. A." pageId="8" pageNumber="9" refId="ref19958" refString="Holman, J. A. 2000. Fossil snakes of North America: Origin, evolution, distribution, paleoecology. Indiana University Press, Bloomington." type="book" year="2000">Holman, 2000</bibRefCitation>
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;
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<bibRefCitation id="EF8B4B0FFFA0320384E2FBC19D00FBED" author="Head, J. J. & Mahlow, K. & Muller, J." box="[914,1124,1051,1076]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" pagination="1 - 21" refId="ref19491" refString="Head, J. J., Mahlow, K., and Muller, J. 2016. Fossil calibration dates for molecular phylogenetic analysis of snakes 2: Caenophidia, Colubroidea, Elapoidea, Colubridae. Palaeontologia Electronica, 19.2.2 FC: 1 - 21. https: // doi. org / 10.26879 / 625" type="book chapter" year="2016">Head et al., 2016</bibRefCitation>
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).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C3006575FFA032038438FBE19C2DFA4D" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" type="discussion">
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<paragraph id="8BA536FEFFA032038438FBE19C2DFA4D" blockId="8.[840,1441,667,1429]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
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<emphasis id="B96EEAECFFA032038438FBE19AA4FB8D" bold="true" box="[840,960,1083,1108]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Remarks.</emphasis>
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The vertebral morphologies of Caenophidians is markedly different from that of
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<taxonomicName id="4C1A4D7DFFA032038247FB819CF9FBAD" authorityName="Gray" authorityYear="1825" box="[1335,1437,1115,1140]" class="Reptilia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="8" pageNumber="7" phylum="Chordata" rank="superFamily" superFamily="Booidea">Booidea</taxonomicName>
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, including many of the most notable components of a snake vertebrae (e.g., neural spine, centrum, synapophyses, etc.). The works of
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<bibRefCitation id="EF8B4B0FFFA032038275FB619CC4FB0D" author="Head, J. J." box="[1285,1440,1211,1236]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" pagination="1 - 17" refId="ref19306" refString="Head, J. J. 2015. Fossil calibration dates for molecular phylogenetic analysis of snakes 1: Serpentes, Alethinophidia, Boidae, Pythonidae. Palaeontologia Electronica, 18.1.6 FC: 1 - 17. https: // doi. org / 10.26879 / 487" type="book chapter" year="2015">Head (2015)</bibRefCitation>
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and Head et al., (2016) to provide fossil calibration dates for snakes also summarize the morphological synapomorphies that differentiate these groups after the taxonomic restructuring of
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<taxonomicName id="4C1A4D7DFFA032038398FAE19C1AFA8C" authorityName="Hoffstetter" authorityYear="1939" box="[1256,1406,1339,1365]" class="Reptilia" higherTaxonomySource="Manual Input" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" parvOrder="Caenophidia" phylum="Chordata" rank="parvOrder">Caenophidia</taxonomicName>
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by
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<bibRefCitation id="EF8B4B0FFFA032038438FA819D49FAAD" author="Zaher, H. & Grazziotin, F. G. & Cadle, J. E. & Murphy, R. W. & Moura-Leite, J. C. D. & Bonatto, S. L." box="[840,1069,1371,1396]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" pagination="115 - 153" refId="ref24258" refString="Zaher, H., Grazziotin, F. G., Cadle, J. E., Murphy, R. W., Moura-Leite, J. C. D., and Bonatto, S. L. 2009. Molecular phylogeny of advanced snakes (Serpentes, Caenophidia) with an emphasis on South American Xenodontines: a revised classification and descriptions of new taxa. Papeis Avulsos de Zoologia (Sao Paulo), 49: 115 - 153." type="journal article" year="2009">Zaher et al. (2009)</bibRefCitation>
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, and Constrictores by
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<bibRefCitation id="EF8B4B0FFFA03203824BFA819AD9FA4D" author="Pyron, R. A. & Reynolds, R. G. & Burbrink, F. T." pageId="8" pageNumber="9" pagination="249 - 260" refId="ref22459" refString="Pyron, R. A., Reynolds, R. G., and Burbrink, F. T. 2014. A taxonomic revision of boas (Serpentes: Boidae). Zootaxa, 3846: 249 - 260. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 3846.2.5" type="journal article" year="2014">Pyron et al. (2014)</bibRefCitation>
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, and
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<bibRefCitation id="EF8B4B0FFFA03203848CFAA19C21FA4D" author="Georgalis, G. & Smith, K." box="[1020,1349,1403,1429]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" pagination="291 - 304" refId="ref18979" refString="Georgalis, G. and Smith, K. 2020. Constrictores Oppel, 1811 - the available name for the taxonomic group uniting boas and pythons. Vertebrate Zoology, 70: 291 - 304. https: // doi. org / 10.26049 / VZ 70 - 3 - 2020 - 03" type="journal article" year="2020">Georgalis and Smith (2020)</bibRefCitation>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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</treatment>
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</document> |